{"id":248,"date":"2009-02-27T21:16:23","date_gmt":"2009-02-27T18:16:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2009\/02\/27\/van-gogh-biyografisi-ve-eserleri\/"},"modified":"2009-02-27T21:16:23","modified_gmt":"2009-02-27T18:16:23","slug":"van-gogh-biyografisi-ve-eserleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/02\/27\/van-gogh-biyografisi-ve-eserleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Van GOGH Biyografisi ve eserleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vincent Willem van Gogh<\/strong> (telaffuz: [\u02c8v\u026ans\u025bnt v\u0251n \u02c8\u0263\u0254x]<\/span><\/span> (Yard\u0131m<\/span>\u00b7bilgi)<\/span>; d. 30 Mart 1853 \u2013 \u00f6. 29 Temmuz 1890), Hollandal\u0131 ard izlenimci ressam. Baz\u0131 resim ve eskizleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve en pahal\u0131 eserleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh, gen\u00e7li\u011fini bir sanat simsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 firmas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, k\u0131sa s\u00fcren bir \u00f6\u011fretmenlik deneyiminden sonra da Bel\u00e7ika’da fakir bir madenci kasabas\u0131nda misyoner olmu\u015ftur. Resim kariyerine 1880’den sonra ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta koyu ve kasvetli renklerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Van Gogh, Paris’te tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimcilik ve yeni izlenimcilik<\/span> ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle canl\u0131 renklere ge\u00e7mi\u015f; G\u00fcney Fransa’da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda da bug\u00fcn yayg\u0131n olarak tan\u0131nan kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc resim tarz\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son on y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca yakla\u015f\u0131k 900 suluboya\/ya\u011fl\u0131boya resim ve 1100 karakalem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fcretmi\u015f, en me\u015fhur eserlerini ise \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son iki y\u0131l\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1888’de ressam Paul Gauguin ile arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine sol kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015f, giderek k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen ruhsal hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucunda kendini g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnden vurarak intihar etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh, resim kariyeri boyunca karde\u015fi Theo’dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi destek sayesinde ayakta durabilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki karde\u015fin arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1872’den itibaren birbirlerine yazd\u0131klar\u0131 mektuplarla belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l sanat\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde etkilemi\u015f olan Van Gogh, fovistlerin ilham kaynaklar\u0131ndan biridir ve ekspresyonizmin<\/span> \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

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Vincent van Gogh’un imzas\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Sanat simsar\u0131 ve vaiz (1869 \u2013 1881)<\/span> <\/span><\/h3>\n
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On dokuz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki van Gogh (1872)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

1869’da, hen\u00fcz on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, amcas\u0131 Vincent (“Cent”) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Lahey’deki bir sanat simsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 firmas\u0131nda i\u015f buldu, Ocak 1873’te firman\u0131n Br\u00fcksel ofisine ge\u00e7ti. May\u0131s 1873’te ise firma Van Gogh’u \u0130ngiltere’ye yollad\u0131. Londra’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Brixton b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fen Van Gogh, i\u015findeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede babas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok para kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ev sahibinin k\u0131z\u0131 Eug\u00e9nie Loyer’den ho\u015fland\u0131, fakat ona a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u0131z gizlice ba\u015fka bir kirac\u0131yla ni\u015fanland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek Van Gogh’u reddetti. \u0130ngiltere’de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre boyunca giderek i\u00e7ine kapanan ve dindarla\u015fan Van Gogh, 1875’te firman\u0131n Paris ofisine yolland\u0131. 1876’da ise art\u0131k sevmedi\u011fi simsarl\u0131k i\u015fini b\u0131rakarak \u0130ngiltere’ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc, ve Londra’n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki Ramsgate kasabas\u0131nda bir yat\u0131l\u0131 okulda g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Okul Middlesex’e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131nca bir s\u00fcre Isleworth’de ba\u015fka bir okulda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapan Van Gogh, Aral\u0131k 1876’da Hollanda’ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc, ve alt\u0131 ay boyunca Dordrecht’te bir kitap\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, May\u0131s 1877’de teoloji okumak amac\u0131yla Amsterdam’a ge\u00e7ti. Temmuz 1878’de bundan da vazge\u00e7erek ailesinin yan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Ocak 1879’da ise misyonerlik amac\u0131yla Bel\u00e7ika’da fakir bir madenci b\u00f6lgesi olan Borinage’a yerle\u015fti. Buradaki madencilerin k\u00f6t\u00fc ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan etkilenen Van Gogh, onlarla daha iyi ileti\u015fim kurabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda ya\u015fad\u0131, yemek ve k\u0131yafetlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu i\u015f\u00e7ilere verdi, yatak yerine saman \u00fczerinde uyumaya ba\u015flad\u0131.Temmuz 1879’da, “rahiplik mesle\u011finin sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fi” i\u00e7in kilise taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fine son verildi, ama Van Gogh bir y\u0131l daha b\u00f6lgeden ayr\u0131lmad\u0131. 1880 sonbahar\u0131nda, karde\u015fi Theo’nun tavsiyesine uyarak resimde kariyer yapmaya karar verdi ve sanat e\u011fitimi almak i\u00e7in Br\u00fcksel’e gitti. Buradaki G\u00fczel Sanatlar Okulu’na ba\u015fvurduysa da sonradan fikrini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek Nisan 1881’de Etten’e, ailesinin yan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Etten, Lahey ve Drenthe (1881 \u2013 1883)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Nat\u00fcrmort, Aral\u0131k 1881<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Etten’de resim sanat\u0131 \u00fczerine kitaplar okuyan ve s\u0131k s\u0131k resim yapan Van Gogh, bir taraftan da kendisinden yedi ya\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck olan dul kuzeni Kee Vos-Stricker’den ho\u015flanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kee’ye evlenme teklif etti, fakat teklifi “hay\u0131r, asla, asla” (niet, nooit, nimmer<\/em>) s\u00f6zleriyle reddedildi. Bunun \u00fczerine a\u015fk\u0131n\u0131 saplant\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren Van Gogh, Kee kendisini g\u00f6rmeyi reddedince Kee’nin babas\u0131 (ve kendi eni\u015ftesi) Johannes Stricker’le defalarca kez g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp Kee’yi istedi, ama eni\u015ftesi k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n maddi anlamda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmayan bir adamla evlenmesini istemiyordu. Bir keresinde Van Gogh, Kee’yi g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in eni\u015ftesine bask\u0131 yaparken, elini bir mum alevi \u00fczerinde tutarak “elimi alev \u00fczerinde tutabildi\u011fim m\u00fcddet\u00e7e onu g\u00f6reyim” dedi, ama eni\u015ftesi mumu \u00fcfleyerek s\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc.Kee konusundaki \u0131srar\u0131 ve ba\u015fka sebepler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden babas\u0131yla kavga eden Van Gogh, Aral\u0131k 1881’de bir kez daha aile evinden ayr\u0131l\u0131p Lahey’e yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh bir s\u00fcre Lahey’li ressam Anton Mauve<\/span>‘un yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa da Mauve \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Van Gogh’la aras\u0131na mesafe koydu. Van Gogh’a g\u00f6re bunun sebebi, kendisinin alkolik bir fahi\u015feyle ya\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yd\u0131.Van Gogh, Sien ismiyle bilinen, fakat as\u0131l ad\u0131 Clasina Maria Hoornik olan bu kad\u0131nla Ocak 1882 sonlar\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ve kad\u0131n\u0131 be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla beraber kendi evine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sien Temmuz 1883’te bir erkek \u00e7ocuk do\u011furunca Van Gogh ona da bakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. (Sien bu \u00e7ocu\u011fa Willem ismini verdi. Willem sonradan Van Gogh’un o\u011flu oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015fse de, tarihler bu iddiay\u0131 desteklememektedir.) Van Gogh’un Sien ile ili\u015fkisi ailesini de rahats\u0131z ediyordu, ve aile Van Gogh’a Sien’i b\u0131rakmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bask\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Van Gogh \u00f6nceleri bu bask\u0131ya direndiyse de, Eyl\u00fcl 1883’te Sien ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ortada b\u0131rakarak Lahey’den ayr\u0131ld\u0131, ve alt\u0131 hafta boyunca Hollanda’n\u0131n kuzeyindeki Drenthe’de dola\u015f\u0131p resim \u00e7izerek ya\u015fad\u0131. 1883 sonlar\u0131nda ise, Nuenen’e ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan ailesinin yan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Van Gogh, Sien ile beraber ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 on dokuz ay boyunca, kad\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczinelerce resmini \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. abrukk gabruka<\/p>\n

Nuenen ve Anvers (Antwerpen) (1883 \u2013 1886)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Patates Yiyenler<\/em>, 1885<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Van Gogh, Nuenen’de kendini resme verdi. Kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131, tarlada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ileri, kul\u00fcbelerinde k\u0131yafet dokuyan dokumac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7iziyordu. 1884’\u00fcn sonbahar\u0131nda, Margot Begemann adl\u0131 bir kom\u015fu k\u0131z\u0131yla ili\u015fki ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131, fakat \u00e7iftin evlenmesine iki taraf\u0131n da ailesi kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine striknin i\u00e7erek intihar etmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs eden Margot’u Van Gogh hastaneye yeti\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

26 Mart 1885’te babas\u0131 bir inme sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedince Van Gogh derin bir yasa girdi. Ayn\u0131 s\u0131ralarda Paris’te Van Gogh’un resimleri ilgi \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. 1885 bahar\u0131nda Van Gogh, bug\u00fcn ilk \u00f6nemli eseri kabul edilen Patates Yiyenler’<\/em>i (De Aardappeleters<\/em>) bitirdi. A\u011fustos’ta ise resimleri Lahey’deki bir galeride ilk kez sergilendi. Eyl\u00fcl’de model olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131zlardan birini hamile b\u0131rakmakla su\u00e7lan\u0131nca, kasaban\u0131n Katolik rahibi, kasabal\u0131lar\u0131n Van Gogh’a modellik yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh, Nuenen’de \u00e7izdi\u011fi resimlerde hep do\u011fal ve karanl\u0131k renkler kulland\u0131, daha sonraki eserlerinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kullanaca\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131 renklerden ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131. Karde\u015fi Theo’ya yeteri kadar resim satamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sitem etti\u011finde, Theo Paris’te renkli izlenimci resimlerin \u00e7ok satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Van Gogh’un resimlerinin ise fazla karanl\u0131k bulundu\u011funu yazd\u0131. Nuenen’de ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iki sene boyunca Van Gogh, pek \u00e7ok karakalem ve suluboya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, 200 kadar ya\u011fl\u0131boya resim \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n

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Sigara \u0130\u00e7en Kafatas\u0131<\/em>, 1885<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kas\u0131m 1885’te Anvers’e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p bir resim galerisinin \u00fcst kat\u0131nda ya\u015famaya ba\u015flayan Van Gogh, karde\u015fi Theo’dan gelen t\u00fcm paray\u0131 resim malzemelerine ve modellere harcay\u0131p kendi sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihmal etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu ekmek, kahve ve sigarayla ge\u00e7iriyor, bir taraftan da \u00e7ok fazla absint<\/span> i\u00e7iyordu. Muhtemelen vitamin eksikli\u011finden di\u015fleri gev\u015feyip a\u011fr\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131.Ocak 1886’da Antwerpen G\u00fczel Sanatlar Okulu’na yaz\u0131ld\u0131ysa da birka\u00e7 hafta sonra, k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ve akademik sanat e\u011fitimine duydu\u011fu g\u00fcvensizlik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden okuldan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu hasta ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, Mart 1886’da Paris’e, karde\u015fi Theo’nun yan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh, Anvers’de ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok m\u00fcze gezip Peter Paul Rubens gibi eski ustalar\u0131n resimlerini incelemi\u015f, bu resimlerden etkilenerek paletini biraz geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, ukiyo-e<\/em> ad\u0131yla bilinen Japon<\/span> grav\u00fcrlerine ilgi duymaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bu tarz\u0131 kendi resimlerinde de kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Paris (1886 \u2013 1888)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Paris’te bir s\u00fcre Theo’nun Montmartre<\/span>‘daki dairesinde beraber ya\u015fayan iki karde\u015f, Haziran 1886’da Rue Lepic<\/em> \u00fczerinde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir daireye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde iki karde\u015f aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131\u015fma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Van Gogh’un Paris’te ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi zaman hakk\u0131nda elimizde nispeten az bilgi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh Paris’te bir s\u00fcre ressam Fernand Cormon’un at\u00f6lyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ve at\u00f6lyenin di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencileri \u00c9mile Bernard ve Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ile yak\u0131n arkada\u015f oldu. Paris’te hakim sanat ak\u0131mlar\u0131, izlenimcilik ve hen\u00fcz yeni filizlenmekte olan yeni izlenimcilik idi. Theo’nun galerisi, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, Edgar Degas ve Camille Pissarro gibi izlenimci ressamlar\u0131n eserleriyle doluydu. Puantilist<\/span> (noktac\u0131) stilin ustalar\u0131 Georges Seurat ve Paul Signac, \u015fehrin en \u00fcnl\u00fc ressamlar\u0131yd\u0131. Signac ile bizzat tan\u0131\u015fan Van Gogh, arkada\u015f\u0131 \u00c9mile Bernard ile beraber noktac\u0131 stili denemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu stilde resimler, \u00e7ok say\u0131da ufak renk noktas\u0131n\u0131n sab\u0131rla kanvasa i\u015flenmesiyle olu\u015fturuluyordu.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh karde\u015flerin aras\u0131, beraber ya\u015faman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi problemler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir ara a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ysa da 1887 bahar\u0131nda tekrar d\u00fczeldi. Kas\u0131m 1887’de Van Gogh, Danimarka’dan Paris’e yeni gelmi\u015f olan ressam Paul Gauguin ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve iki ressam baz\u0131 eserlerini de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f ettiler. Bu arkada\u015fl\u0131k, bir y\u0131l kadar sonra dramatik bir bi\u00e7imde sona erecekti. \u015eubat 1888’de, \u015fehir hayat\u0131ndan ve Paris’in so\u011fuk k\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan bunalan Van Gogh, g\u00fcne\u015fli G\u00fcney Fransa k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na do\u011fru yola koyuldu. Paris’te ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iki y\u0131l boyunca, yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 resim \u00e7izmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Arles (1888 \u2013 1889)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ay\u00e7i\u00e7ekleri<\/em> serisinden bir resim: Vazoda on iki ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi<\/em>, 1888<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Arles K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>, 1888.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Van Gogh, G\u00fcney Fransa’daki Arles kasabas\u0131na, burada \u00fctopik bir sanat kolonisi kurma hayalleriyle yerle\u015fti. Mart ay\u0131 boyunca manzara resimleri \u00e7izdi, bu resimlerinden \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc Paris Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ressamlar Toplulu\u011fu’nun o y\u0131lki sergisinde sergilendi. May\u0131s 1888’in ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u015eubat’tan beri kalmakta oldu\u011fu ve fazla pahal\u0131 buldu\u011fu H\u00f4tel Carrel’<\/em>den \u00e7\u0131karak Caf\u00e9 de la Gare<\/em> adl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir otele yerle\u015fti. Yine May\u0131s ay\u0131nda, bug\u00fcn “Sar\u0131 Ev” olarak bilinen bo\u015f evin d\u00f6rt odas\u0131n\u0131 tuttu ve at\u00f6lye olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. A\u011fustos ay\u0131 boyunca, bug\u00fcn Ay\u00e7i\u00e7ekleri<\/em> ismiyle bilinen bir dizi vazolu ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi resmi yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Teras Kafe<\/em>, 1888<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda iki tane yatak sat\u0131n alarak Sar\u0131 Ev’e yerle\u015fen Van Gogh, ayn\u0131 s\u0131ralarda Teras Kafe<\/em> adl\u0131 me\u015fhur eserini bitirdi. Sar\u0131 Ev’i, kurmak istedi\u011fi sanat kolonisinin merkezi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, koloniye kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evre kasabalarda ya\u015fayan ressamlarla (Eug\u00e8ne Boch, Dodge MacKnight gibi) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. Arkada\u015f\u0131 Gauguin’i de Arles’a davet etti. Uzun s\u00fcre teredd\u00fct ettikten sonra daveti kabul eden Gauguin, Theo’nun parasal deste\u011fiyle Ekim 1888’de Arles’a geldi ve Sar\u0131 Ev’de Van Gogh’un kendisi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 odaya yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Gauguin ve Van Gogh, Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 boyunca beraber resim gezilerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar, de\u011fi\u015fik resim teknikleri ve anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerine uzun tart\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131lar. \u0130ki ressam\u0131n da dengesiz duygusal yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde, resim tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 giderek k\u0131z\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, bozulan havalar ve dar alanda beraber ya\u015famak ise durumu daha k\u00f6t\u00fc hale getirdi. Ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozulmaya ba\u015flayan Van Gogh, Gauguin’in kendisini terk edece\u011finden korkmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu gergin durum, 23 Aral\u0131k 1888 gecesi bir krizle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bir kavga sonucu h\u0131\u015f\u0131mla evden \u00e7\u0131kan Gauguin’i bir s\u00fcre takip eden Van Gogh, daha sonra eve d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve kendi sol kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kesip kopard\u0131. Kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7ay\u0131 bir bez ya da k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7as\u0131na sar\u0131p yerel bir genelevde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Rachel adl\u0131 fahi\u015feye verdi.Geneleve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan polisler, bayg\u0131n halde bulduklar\u0131 Van Gogh’u hastaneye kald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Olay\u0131 ertesi sabah \u00f6\u011frenen Gauguin, Theo’ya haber verdikten sonra Arles’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve bir daha Van Gogh’la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmedi. Van Gogh ise kan kayb\u0131 ve ruhsal bunal\u0131m sebebiyle birka\u00e7 hafta hastanede kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ocak 1889’da hastaneden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Sar\u0131 Ev’e yerle\u015fen Van Gogh, hal\u00fcsinasyonlar<\/span> ve zehirlenme paranoyas\u0131 sebebiyle, \u015eubat ba\u015f\u0131nda hastaneye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. On g\u00fcn sonra hastaneden sal\u0131verildiyse de, endi\u015feli kasabal\u0131lar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda, Mart ba\u015f\u0131nda polis zoruyla tekrar hastaneye kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Nisan ay\u0131nda ise arkada\u015f\u0131 Paul Signac’\u0131n g\u00f6zetiminde evine d\u00f6nmesine izin verildi. Kasabada istenmedi\u011finin fark\u0131nda olan Van Gogh, Theo’nun tavsiyesi \u00fczerine, Arles’a 30 km uzakl\u0131kta bulunan Saint-R\u00e9my kasabas\u0131ndaki Saint-Paul-de-Mausole ak\u0131l hastanesine ge\u00e7meyi kabul etti, ve 8 May\u0131s 1889’da Arles’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Saint-R\u00e9my ve Auvers-sur-Oise (1889 \u2013 1890)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
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Y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 Gece<\/em>, 1889<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Van Gogh, Saint-R\u00e9my’de Dr. Th\u00e9ophile Peyron’un g\u00f6zetiminde resim yapmaya devam etti. Haziran 1889’da en bilinen eserlerinden biri olan Y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 Gece’<\/em>yi yapt\u0131. Temmuz ortas\u0131nda tekrar bir n\u00f6bet ge\u00e7irip boyalar\u0131n\u0131 yemeye kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131nca <\/sup>bir s\u00fcre resim yapmas\u0131na izin verilmediyse de, durumu d\u00fczelince resim yapmaya devam etti. Zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu odas\u0131nda ge\u00e7iriyor, d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ancak doktor g\u00f6zetiminde k\u0131sa y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kabiliyordu. Bu y\u00fczden resim konusu bulmakta zorlan\u0131nca, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet<\/span> gibi ba\u015fka ressamlar\u0131n veya kendisinin daha \u00f6nceki eserlerinin yeni yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1889 sonu ve 1890 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir dizi yeni n\u00f6bet ge\u00e7iren Van Gogh, ayn\u0131 s\u0131ralarda Paris’te \u00fcnlenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ocak 1890’da Mercure de France<\/em> dergisinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir yaz\u0131da, Van Gogh’dan “dahi” diye bahsediliyordu.<\/p>\n

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Dr. Gachet’nin Portresi<\/em>, 1890<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

May\u0131s 1890’da Van Gogh Saint-R\u00e9my’den ayr\u0131l\u0131p Paris yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Auvers-sur-Oise’a geldi. Burada, daha \u00f6nce ruhsal problemli ressamlarla ilgilenmi\u015f olan Dr. Paul Gachet’nin g\u00f6zetiminde kalacak, karde\u015fi Theo’ya da yak\u0131n olacakt\u0131. Van Gogh’un Dr. Gachet hakk\u0131ndaki ilk yorumu “bence benden daha hasta, ya da tam benim kadar hasta diyelim” oldu. Fakat sonradan doktorla iyi ge\u00e7inmeye ba\u015flayan Van Gogh, doktorun \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 portresini \u00e7izdi. Auvers-sur-Oise’da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre boyunca kendini tamamen resme veren Van Gogh, burada ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi 70 g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 ya\u011fl\u0131boya resim \u00fcretti. Annesi ve k\u0131zkarde\u015fine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 son mektupta, kafas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7en y\u0131la g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha sakin ve huzurlu oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

27 Temmuz 1890’da resim malzemelerini al\u0131p bir tarlaya y\u00fcr\u00fcyen Van Gogh, kendisini tabancayla g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnden vurdu. Sendeleyerek kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 otele d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve yata\u011f\u0131na uzand\u0131. Kanamay\u0131 farkeden otel sahibi, kasaba doktoru Mazery’yi ve Van Gogh’un doktoru Gachet’yi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Doktorlar, mermiyi \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n \u00e7ok riskli olaca\u011f\u0131na kanaat getirip Theo’ya hemen gelmesi i\u00e7in haber yollad\u0131lar. Vincent Van Gogh, 29 Temmuz 1890 sabah\u0131 1:30 sular\u0131nda, karde\u015fi Theo’nun kollar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc, ve Auvers-sur-Oise’a g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u201c<\/td>\nMutsuzlu\u011fum sonsuza kadar s\u00fcrer
Vincent van Gogh, \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce yata\u011f\u0131nda yatarken.[18]<\/sup><\/td>\n		\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Vincent’tan alt\u0131 ay sonra Theo da uzun s\u00fcredir m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi frengi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yenilerek hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Theo’nun naa\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nce Utrecht’e g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fcyse de, kar\u0131s\u0131 Johanna’n\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine 1914’te Auvers-sur-Oise’a getirildi ve Vincent’in mezar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Dr. Gachet’nin bah\u00e7esinden al\u0131narak mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131na dikilen sarma\u015f\u0131k filizi, bug\u00fcn iki karde\u015fin mezarlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen kaplamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Van Gogh’u \u00f6zellikle hayat\u0131n\u0131n son iki y\u0131l\u0131nda ciddi \u015fekilde etkilemi\u015f olan ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bug\u00fcne kadar 30’dan fazla te\u015fhis veya olas\u0131 sebep ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, \u015fizofreni, bipolar bozukluk (eski ad\u0131yla manik depresyon), frengi, boya zehirlenmesi (soluma veya yutma yoluyla), M\u00e9ni\u00e8re hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7arpmas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6t\u00fc beslenme, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, uykusuzluk ve alkol d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, muhtemelen hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkilerini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Van Gogh’un \u00f6zellikle son d\u00f6nem eserlerinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclen sar\u0131 renk d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de t\u0131bbi bir bozukluktan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrenler olmu\u015ftur.Bu konudaki teorilerden birine g\u00f6re, Van Gogh’un bolca i\u00e7ti\u011fi absintte<\/span> bulunan tuyon adl\u0131 madde, zaman i\u00e7inde Van Gogh’un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bozarak nesneleri sar\u0131mtrak renkte g\u00f6rmesine sebep olmu\u015f, bu da ressam\u0131n eserlerine yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka teoriye g\u00f6re, Van Gogh’a hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek dozlarda y\u00fcks\u00fck otu verilmi\u015ftir, ve y\u00fcks\u00fck otunun sar\u0131mtrak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe veya sar\u0131 lekeler g\u00f6rmeye sebep oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Resim<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Dr.<\/a><\/td>\nDr. Gachet’nin Portesi<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Sakals\u0131z<\/a><\/td>\nSakals\u0131z otoportre<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\u0130risler\"<\/a><\/td>\n\u0130risler<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"l'Arl\u00e9sienne,<\/a><\/td>\nl’Arl\u00e9sienne, Madame Ginoux<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Resim galerisi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Kargalarla Bu\u011fday Tarlas\u0131<\/em> (1890)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vincent Willem van Gogh (telaffuz: [\u02c8v\u026ans\u025bnt v\u0251n \u02c8\u0263\u0254x] (Yard\u0131m\u00b7bilgi); d. 30 Mart 1853 \u2013 \u00f6. 29 Temmuz 1890), Hollandal\u0131 ard izlenimci ressam. Baz\u0131 resim ve eskizleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve en pahal\u0131 eserleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Van Gogh, gen\u00e7li\u011fini bir sanat simsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 firmas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, k\u0131sa s\u00fcren bir \u00f6\u011fretmenlik deneyiminden sonra da Bel\u00e7ika’da fakir bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-248","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ressam-biyografileri-ve-eserleri"},"yoast_head":"\nVan GOGH Biyografisi ve eserleri - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/02\/27\/van-gogh-biyografisi-ve-eserleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Van GOGH Biyografisi ve eserleri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vincent Willem van Gogh (telaffuz: [\u02c8v\u026ans\u025bnt v\u0251n \u02c8\u0263\u0254x] (Yard\u0131m\u00b7bilgi); d. 30 Mart 1853 \u2013 \u00f6. 29 Temmuz 1890), Hollandal\u0131 ard izlenimci ressam. 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