{"id":2853,"date":"2009-12-11T13:58:01","date_gmt":"2009-12-11T10:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/"},"modified":"2009-12-11T13:58:01","modified_gmt":"2009-12-11T10:58:01","slug":"turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"T\u00fcrkiye'de<\/div>\n

Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapan Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck\u2019e g\u00f6re 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda devletin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 sonucu T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015fti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrtle\u015fti\u011fini, K\u00fcrtlerin de proleterle\u015fti\u011fi saptamas\u0131nda bulunan Y\u00f6r\u00fck, \u2018\u2019K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberalizmin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca etmenlerden birisi olmu\u015ftur\u2019\u2019<\/em> diyor.Metropollerde K\u00fcrt i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yepyeni ve ciddi bir siyasi tehdidin de embriyosunu olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden Y\u00f6r\u00fck, K\u00fcrt hareketi ve duru\u015fu olan devrimci solun varo\u015flarda ciddi bir \u00f6rg\u00fctleme i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Ayr\u0131ca varo\u015flardaki isyan\u0131n \u00f6znesini ise \u0130stanbul\u2019da araba yakan, Newroz\u2019lara \u00e7\u0131kan K\u00fcrt tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin refah sistemi, devletin K\u00fcrt hareketi ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketini bast\u0131rma politikas\u0131n\u0131 tez konusu olarak belirleyen Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck ile K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve varo\u015flardaki hareketlenmeyi konu\u015ftuk.<\/p>\n

* 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 bin K\u00fcrt k\u00f6y\u00fc bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fcrtler zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131n, Van\u2019\u0131n, \u0130zmir\u2019in Mersin\u2019in, \u0130stanbul\u2019un n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 artt\u0131. Bu zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ekonomik ili\u015fkileri nas\u0131l etkiledi?<\/p>\n

– Zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7, T\u00fcrk devletinin 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda PKK\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik halk deste\u011fini engellemek amac\u0131 ile uygulamaya koydu\u011fu askeri-siyasi bir n\u00fcfus transferi uygulamas\u0131yd\u0131. Kapsam\u0131 ve \u00e7ap\u0131 ile K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, Nijerya, Somali, Sudan, ve Zimbavye ve Kolombiya\u2019da ya\u015fananlarla birlikte 1980 sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en b\u00fcy\u00fck zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 uygulamalar\u0131ndan birisi oldu. Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e maruz kalanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 950 bin ile 1 milyon 200 bin ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu tahmin etmi\u015ftir, ancak ger\u00e7ek say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu belirten kaynaklar da mevcuttur. Her \u015fekilde, say\u0131lar\u0131 milyonlar\u0131 a\u015fan say\u0131da insan\u0131n kendi istekleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yerlerinden edilmelerinden bahsetmekteyiz.<\/p>\n

Devlet, sizin de s\u00f6yledi\u011finiz gibi 3000 ila 4000 aras\u0131ndaki k\u00f6y\u00fc yakm\u0131\u015f, askeri bask\u0131 ile koruculu\u011fu reddeden k\u00f6yleri bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015f, yerinden edilmi\u015f milyonlarca insan\u0131n k\u00f6ylerinden b\u00f6lgedeki \u015fehirlere ve bat\u0131daki metropollere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmelerine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, bu her ne kadar siyasi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olsa da, bunun ekonomik ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u201cniyetlenilmemi\u015f sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d<\/em> olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ok sonucu ile beraber bu n\u00fcfus transferi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve de \u00f6zellikle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n etnik kompozisyonunu k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur. Peki nedir bu sonu\u00e7lar?<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya ekonomisinin neoliberal k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesi ile birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede formal i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yerini enformal bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n almakta oldu\u011fu bir s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7indeyiz. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu bu s\u00fcreci i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yok olu\u015fu olarak okusa da, asl\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, tarihte bir \u00e7ok defa oldu\u011fu gibi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki sermayenin, kapitalistler aras\u0131ndaki rekabette maksimum avantaj\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7leri yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesidir, \u00fcstelik bir ka\u00e7 \u015fekilde: Birincisi<\/strong>, eski i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccret ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenceleri ile sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kanallar\u0131 devlet eliyle yok edilmi\u015f, kay\u0131td\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe dayanan ta\u015feron a\u011flar\u0131 ekonominin hakim i\u015fleyi\u015f bi\u00e7imlerinden biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130kincisi<\/strong>, sermaye, toplumun ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z ve pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun kesimlerini, yani kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve K\u00fcrtleri<\/strong>, bu enformal i\u015f\u00e7i arz\u0131n\u0131n ana unsurlar\u0131 olarak ekonomiye dahil etmi\u015ftir. Yani, 1990 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kad\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve de zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 ile birlikte K\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015ftir, ayn\u0131 zamanda da K\u00fcrtler de i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015fmi\u015ftir<\/strong>. Bak\u0131n\u0131z, Kemalistlerin t\u00fcrbanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlara ve K\u00fcrtlere g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tepkinin bununla da ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r, zira bu insanlar artan bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmu\u015f, sokakta, i\u015fyerlerinde, yani k\u0131sacas\u0131 kamusal alanda Kemalist z\u00fcmrenin g\u00f6z\u00fcne batmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00dcRTLER\u0130N ZORUNLU G\u00d6\u00c7\u00dc VE NEOL\u0130BERAL\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, daha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fim gibi, K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberalizmin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca etmenlerden birisi olmu\u015ftur. Zira, b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlere gelen K\u00fcrtler, her i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r bir \u015fekilde g\u00fcvencesiz ve ucuz emek arz\u0131n\u0131 inan\u0131lmaz derecede art\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, enformal ta\u015feron a\u011flar\u0131, belki de ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131ndan bile fazla bir \u015fekilde ucuz ve g\u00fcvencesiz emek ile dolmu\u015ftur. Bu emek arz\u0131 ile birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcretim yapan yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermaye, d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir maliyet avantaj\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, uzun s\u00fcredir \u201c\u00c7in geliyor, \u00c7in geliyor\u201d<\/em> diye feryat figan i\u00e7erisinde olan T\u00fcrk tekstil ve konfeksiyon sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, d\u00fcnya liginin ilk \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki yerini bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc b\u0131rakmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130hracat oranlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli artmas\u0131yla, T\u00fcrk firmalar\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tekstil ve konfeksiyon tedarik\u00e7isi olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, daha d\u00fcne kadar bo\u011faza k\u00f6pr\u00fc bile yapamayan T\u00fcrk in\u015faat firmalar\u0131 2006\u2019da \u00c7in ve ABD\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk m\u00fctahitlerinin yevmiyesi 50 TL\u2019den kay\u0131td\u0131\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrt i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan bu \u201cba\u015far\u0131y\u0131\u201d<\/em> yakalamalar\u0131, \u00fczg\u00fcn\u00fcm ama, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

DEVLET SERMAYEDEN ALDI\u011eI BOR\u00c7LA K\u00dcRD\u0130STAN\u2019DAK\u0130 SAVA\u015eI GER\u00c7EKLE\u015eT\u0130RD\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

* K\u00fcrt k\u00f6ylerinin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131, K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberalizmin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptamas\u0131yla birlikte, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te sermayenin rol\u00fc nedir? Ayr\u0131ca bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk sermayesinin, T\u00dcS\u0130AD gibi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n K\u00fcrt meselesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde daha esnek yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131rsak, nas\u0131l bir de\u011ferlendirmeye gitmemiz gerekiyor?<\/p>\n

* Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir soru. Y\u0131llard\u0131r asl\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n kafalar\u0131ndaki imaj \u015fu: Mesele, devletle K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131ndaki bir mesele ve de sanki T\u00fcrkiye burjuvazisi k\u00f6\u015fesine \u00e7ekilip bu m\u00fccadeleyi kenardan seyretti. Ve hatta, sermaye sanki zaman zaman devletten daha \u00e7ok K\u00fcrtlere yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi bir hava estirdi. Arada bir T\u00dcS\u0130AD\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kan ses daha \u00e7ok devlete daha demokratik olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleyen bir tavsiye idi.<\/p>\n

Benim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceme g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 devletle PKK aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015f ile ili\u015fkilenirken iki bask\u0131n e\u011filim aras\u0131nda kald\u0131. Daha do\u011frusu, sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 kesimleri bu iki e\u011filimin m\u00fccadelesini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcler. Birincisi, bu sava\u015f\u0131n yarataca\u011f\u0131 olanaklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, az \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fim “niyetlenilmemi\u015f sonu\u00e7lar\u201d<\/em> da dahil olmak \u00fczere, ellerini ovu\u015fturup nemalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma e\u011filimi. Yani, birincisi zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn yarataca\u011f\u0131 ucuz ve g\u00fcvencesiz emek arz\u0131ndan nemalanma<\/strong>, ikincisi de sava\u015f ekonomisinin yarataca\u011f\u0131 muazzam kar hacminden parsa kapma.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eunun unutulmamas\u0131 laz\u0131m: Devlet, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki sava\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk finans sermayesinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi ve de hala daha 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 borcu \u00f6d\u00fcyor. Genelde T\u00fcrk devletinin d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 bata\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr, ama asl\u0131nda devlet tam bir i\u00e7 bor\u00e7 bata\u011f\u0131nda. Devletin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7 bor\u00e7lar ve de bunlar\u0131n faizi d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lardan \u00e7ok daha fazla y\u00fcksek. Bu sebeple, devlet s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 al\u0131p, i\u00e7 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n faizlerini \u00f6demeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu bor\u00e7lar\u0131n ana paralar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131 da 1990\u2019lardaki sava\u015f\u0131n maliyeti. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00fcretim yapan sermaye ile finans kapitalin belirli kesimleri sava\u015ftan \u00f6nemli derecede nemalanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci e\u011filim ise, sava\u015f\u0131n getirdi\u011fi ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131ktan duyulan rahats\u0131zl\u0131k.<\/strong> Burda en \u00f6nemli sebep sermaye ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131n getirdi\u011fi g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle sekteye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131. \u00d6zel olarak da sermaye, buna uluslararas\u0131 sermaye de dahil, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n sermaye birikimine a\u00e7\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan \u015fikayet\u00e7i.<\/strong> Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00f6zellikle Irak\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgalinden sonra, Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00fclkenin kaynaklar\u0131 yabanc\u0131 sermaye gruplar\u0131na aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, bundan T\u00fcrk sermayesi de \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda palazland\u0131 ve Irak\u2019ta, \u00f6zellikle de G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da, yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyar dolarl\u0131k i\u015f ald\u0131lar. Bu kesimler i\u00e7in de PKK\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sermaye birikimine uygun bir ortam\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile, farkl\u0131 sermaye gruplar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt meselesi ile ilgili farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar ve kayg\u0131lar\u0131 var. T\u00dcS\u0130AD\u2019\u0131n arada bir duydu\u011fumuz \u201cbar\u0131\u015fsever\u201d<\/em> ve \u201cdemokratik\u201d<\/em> sesi de, asl\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131ndan birisini temsil etmesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor, diyebiliriz. Ancak ben genel olarak, sermaye gruplar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt meselesi ile ilgili kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 birebir devlete dikte ettirdiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Daha ziyade, K\u00fcrt meselesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n hangisinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi \u00fczerine farkl\u0131 sermaye gruplar\u0131n\u0131n bir m\u00fccadelesi, devleti manipule etme \u00e7abas\u0131 vuku bulmu\u015ftur, denebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile K\u00fcrt meselesinin ekonomi politik bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, bu meselenin hem s\u0131n\u0131fsal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, hem de devlet ile sermaye aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a gerekli.<\/p>\n

DEVLET \u00dcRKT\u00dc, SEND\u0130KA B\u00dcROKRAS\u0130S\u0130 \u0130LE ANLA\u015eTI<\/strong><\/p>\n

* T\u00fcrkiye 89\u2019daki kapsaml\u0131 grevin oldu\u011fu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da bir halk ayaklanmas\u0131 vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile K\u00fcrt hareketi neden ortak bir paydada bula\u015famad\u0131? K\u00fcrt m\u00fccadelesi T\u00fcrkiye cephesinde asl\u0131nda kitlesel direni\u015f ya da m\u00fccadele hareketini beklerken bunun \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131 nas\u0131l yorumlamak laz\u0131m?<\/p>\n

– 1989-93 i\u015f\u00e7i eylemleri T\u00fcrkiye tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f\u00e7i eylemleri dalgas\u0131 oldu. Zonguldak maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri grevi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile alevlenen s\u00fcre\u00e7te, 1.5 milyondan fazla i\u015f\u00e7i greve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bat\u0131 illerindeki kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re ait y\u00fczlerce i\u015fyerinde geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve uzun soluklu grevler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu grevlerin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki Serh\u0131ldan ile ayn\u0131 zamana denk gelmesi, ki burada \u00f6znel fakt\u00f6rler dedi\u011finiz gibi olduk\u00e7a k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, d\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini olduk\u00e7a zor durumda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bir yandan, az da olsa bu iki hareketi ortakla\u015ft\u0131rma e\u011filimleri oldu. \u201cZonguldak\u2019\u0131 Botan\u2019a ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131z\u201d<\/em> slogan\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fckseltildi. Zaman\u0131n sendika \u00f6nderi \u015eemsi Denizer devletin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki tutumunu k\u0131nayan a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, yeterli olmaktan uzak olsa da, bu potansiyel tehlikenin fark\u0131nda olan devlet gelene\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli i\u015faretlerdi. Bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, iki ayr\u0131 cephede de m\u00fccadeleyi y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte zorlanan ve de iki m\u00fccadelenin ortakla\u015fma ihtimalinden \u00fcrken d\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, i\u015f\u00e7i grevlerini ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar ve K\u00f6rfez sava\u015f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile erteleyerek, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin maa\u015flar\u0131na y\u00fczde ikiy\u00fcze varan oranlarda zam yaparak ve sendika b\u00fcrokrasisi ile anla\u015farak i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlerini noktalamay\u0131 se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda, K\u00fcrt hareketi ile T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketi aras\u0131nda kendili\u011finden bir ortakla\u015fma beklemek \u00e7ok da do\u011fru de\u011fil. Bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda yeteri oranda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctebilecek devrimci bir siyasi olu\u015fumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerekliydi.<\/strong> K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki m\u00fccadele ile bir ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edecek bir siyasi partiden bahsediyorum. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile soru, neden b\u00f6yle bir parti o zaman yoktu ve de bunun in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli ad\u0131mlar T\u00fcrkiyeli devrimciler taraf\u0131ndan zaman\u0131nda neden at\u0131lmad\u0131, at\u0131lamad\u0131, \u015feklinde form\u00fcle edilse daha yararl\u0131 olabilir. B\u00f6yle bir parti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda da, i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlerinin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki halk ayaklanmas\u0131na destek i\u00e7in bir kitlesel direni\u015fe ge\u00e7memesi, hatta i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin kendi talepleri etraf\u0131nda bile olsa s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenmesi \u00e7ok da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. Buradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak ders de, gelecekte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 olas\u0131 benzer ko\u015fullar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

PROLETARYA K\u00dcRTLE\u015eT\u0130, K\u00dcRTLER PROLETERLE\u015eT\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Eskiden T\u00fcrk-s\u00fcnni-erkek i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n temel bile\u015feniydi. Bug\u00fcn ise sizin ifadenizle “K\u00fcrtle\u015fme”<\/em>, T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiliyor?<\/p>\n

* Yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fim gibi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de proletarya K\u00fcrtle\u015fti ve de K\u00fcrtler de sava\u015f ve zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 ile birlikte proleterle\u015fti. Zira zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye tarihindeki en kapsaml\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve proleterle\u015ftirme dalgas\u0131 oldu. Bu K\u00fcrtle\u015fmi\u015f enformal proletarya, eskinin formal, sendikal\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yerini alm\u0131\u015f durumda – hem ekonomik hem de siyasi olarak. 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015f\u00e7i eylemleri dalgas\u0131, neo-liberal sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131, hak kay\u0131plar\u0131na ve \u00fccretlerdeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131 bir direni\u015f dalgas\u0131 idi. Yani, yerinden edilmek istenen bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 koyu\u015fu idi. Bu dalga, K\u00fcrt halk ayaklanmas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin de etkisiyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015f da olsa, nihayetinde sermayenin ve devletin galibiyetiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131, zira yukar\u0131da da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi bu hareketi K\u00fcrt Serh\u0131ldan\u0131 ile ortakla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7acak bir devrimci iradenin eksikli\u011fi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak, 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan itibaren K\u00fcrt enformal i\u015f\u00e7ilerin siyasi \u00f6znelli\u011fi daha farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde ve taleplerle in\u015fa olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Zira, bu insanlar yeniden yap\u0131lanan bir ekonominin, bir \u015fehir yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve kentle\u015fen K\u00fcrt hareketinin merkezinde yer al\u0131yorlar. Neoliberal enformel esnek sermaye birikimi stratejisi ile birlikte, \u00fcretim dikey ve yatay olarak par\u00e7alan\u0131p fabrikadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p mahallenin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftiriliyor; art\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck tekstil fabrikalar\u0131 yok, ama varo\u015flardaki her sokakta bir apartman\u0131n 2. ya da 3. kat\u0131 bir tekstil at\u00f6lyesi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu durumda, enformal ta\u015feron a\u011flar\u0131, sendikal m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir handikap olu\u015fturuyor, zira formal i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ortak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretim mekanlar\u0131nda ortak bir deneyim \u00fczerinden kanuni m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f oluyor. Bu da tabii ki, solda ve sendika \u00e7evrelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir moral bozuklu\u011funa yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu k\u0131smen de hakl\u0131 bir moral bozuklu\u011fu, zira te\u015feron a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ve enformal ekonominin uygulamaya konu\u015fu, sermaye i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7ilerle olan m\u00fccadelesinde adeta yeni bir buhar makinesi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir icat.<\/p>\n

VARO\u015eLARDAK\u0130 \u0130SYANIN \u00d6ZNES\u0130 K\u00dcRTLERD\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu, eski tip s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7in, yani formal i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir handikap olu\u015ftursa da, asl\u0131nda devletin tam olarak kontrol etmekten uzak oldu\u011fu yeni bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015faret etme potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/strong> Metropollerin varo\u015flar\u0131nda mekan bulan bu yeni enformal ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde K\u00fcrt i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, yepyeni ve ciddi bir siyasi tehditin de embriyosunu olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7oktan ba\u015flad\u0131. Varo\u015flar, devletin hi\u00e7 bir zaman tam olarak kontrol edemedi\u011fi, ne zaman patlayaca\u011f\u0131 ve asl\u0131nda patlay\u0131p patlamayaca\u011f\u0131 da, tam olarak bilinemeyen alanlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme yolunda. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yoksul gecekondu semti b\u00f6yle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de durum bu. Y\u0131llard\u0131r \u201csosyal patlama<\/em>\u201d korkusu burjuva medyada ara ara dile getiriliyor. Bak\u0131n\u0131z, ge\u00e7en hafta The Economist dergisi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Rusya, \u00c7in, Malezya ve Filipinler gibi \u00fclkelerle beraber 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda “sosyal isyan ihtimali y\u00fcksek oranda riskli”<\/em> \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda sayd\u0131. Kimdir bu olas\u0131 isyan\u0131n \u00f6znesi? K\u00fcrtlerdir, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da karakol ta\u015flayan K\u00fcrtlerdir, \u0130stanbul\u2019da araba yakan, Newroz\u2019lara \u00e7\u0131kan K\u00fcrt tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ileridir.<\/p>\n

DEVR\u0130MC\u0130 SOL VE K\u00dcRTLER VARO\u015eLARA \u00c7EK\u0130LD\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Peki geleneksel sendikal anlay\u0131\u015flar ve sol bu yeni durumun ne kadar fark\u0131nda?<\/p>\n

– Asl\u0131nda, bu yeni siyasi potansiyeli T\u00fcrkiye devrimci solu 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan beri farketmi\u015f durumda. Bu durumun ilk emareleri Gazi Mahallesi ve 1996 Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 1 May\u0131s\u0131 ile geldi. Gazi\u2019de devlet mahalleye giremedi, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir isyan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y 1 May\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda da varo\u015flar \u015fehir merkezini bast\u0131. Bu olaylardan sonra, T\u00fcrkiye solunda ger\u00e7ekten devrimci bir duru\u015fu sergileme kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki siyasetler de varo\u015flara \u00e7ekildi. Bug\u00fcn, hen\u00fcz g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmasa da, devrimciler varo\u015flarda yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorlar. Kooperatifler, dernekler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli demokratik kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde, varo\u015flarda mekan bulan yeni i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 kendi ihtiya\u00e7 ve talepleri etraf\u0131nda bir araya getirmeye ve dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00f6rmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Benzer bir \u015fekilde, K\u00fcrt hareketi de, \u00f6zellikle DTP \u00fczerinden varo\u015flarda yo\u011fun bir siyaset y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Bug\u00fcn DTP \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve bir arada olunmas\u0131 gereken bir siyasi partidir. DTP, K\u00fcrt davas\u0131n\u0131n ve demokratikle\u015fmenin m\u00fccadelesini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, DTP, K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusunun ve de K\u00fcrt hareketinin kentle\u015fmesinin sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, taban\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en ezilen, en s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve en geni\u015f kesimlerinden alan bir sol partidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, K\u00fcrt enformel proletaryas\u0131n\u0131 da kentlerde mobilize etme kapasitesine en \u00e7ok sahip olan partidir. 300 bin ki\u015fiyi Kazl\u0131\u00e7e\u015fme\u2019de Newroz\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131mak hafife al\u0131nacak bir olay de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Zira, devletin birbiri ard\u0131na gelen K\u00fcrt partilerini kapatmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sebebi de budur, devlet bu partilerin kentlerin varo\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 mobilize etme kapasitesinin fark\u0131ndad\u0131r. 22 Temmuz genel se\u00e7imleri ve 29 Mart yerel se\u00e7imlerinde, DTP ve devrimci\/sosyalist sol\u2019un olu\u015fturdu\u011fu se\u00e7im platformu bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir deneyimdir. Bin Umut Kampanyas\u0131 ile 23 milletvekili meclise g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Sebahat Tuncel \u0130stanbul\u2019un varo\u015flar\u0131ndan gelen oylarla cezaevinden, devletin elinden al\u0131n\u0131p meclise yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u0130LL\u0130YET\u00c7\u0130 ELE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130S\u0130 \u015eOVEND\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Bu durumda K\u00fcrt hareketine gerek liberallerden gerek ise baz\u0131 sol kesimlerden gelen milliyet\u00e7ilik ele\u015ftirisini nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirmek laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n

– Ben K\u00fcrt de\u011filim, ancak devletin K\u00fcrtlerin topra\u011f\u0131na ve kimli\u011fine y\u0131llard\u0131r sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda, K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi yapman\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Ancak, bu ele\u015ftirinin as\u0131l yersiz oldu\u011fu nokta \u015fu: DTP bug\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hemen her b\u00f6lgesinde i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda sol politika yapan bir partidir. Bu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin oylar\u0131 ile meclise vekiller yollam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu vekiller bir gecekondu y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, grev, direni\u015f, cinsel ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve bask\u0131 oldu\u011funda, \u00f6\u011frenciler seslerini y\u00fckselttiklerinde, orada ezilenin ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclenin yan\u0131nda olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bunlar, meclise vekil yollayan ve i\u015f\u00e7i taban\u0131 olan bir sol partinin yapmas\u0131 gereken \u015feylerdir. Bu t\u00fcrden ele\u015ftirileri y\u00fckselten liberal solcular ve ayd\u0131nlar, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman 1960\u2019lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019ni \u00f6zlemle anarlar. Ancak, DTP bug\u00fcn T\u0130P\u2019in yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 de geri kalmayan bir sol m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hemen her b\u00f6lgesinde faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte, i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda siyaset yapmakta, T\u0130P ile ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde benzer oylar\u0131 almakta ve T\u0130P ile benzer say\u0131da milletvekiline sahip olmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, T\u0130P\u2019e sahip \u00e7\u0131kan ama DTP\u2019yi \u201cmilliyet\u00e7i olmakla\u201d<\/em> ele\u015ftiren bir mantalitenin liberal ve \u015foven oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu, kendini solcu olarak niteleyen sosyal \u015fovenler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a al\u0131c\u0131 bulan bir s\u00f6ylem: \u201cK\u00fcrtler milliyet\u00e7ilik yap\u0131yorlar, milliyet\u00e7ilik k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fey, o y\u00fczden onlar\u0131 desteklemiyorum\u201d.<\/em> Hay\u0131r, sebep bu de\u011fil, \u015foven olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in DTP\u2019yi desteklemiyorlar, buna da \u201cmilliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin her t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131m\u201d<\/em> k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

ERDEM Y\u00d6R\u00dcK K\u0130MD\u0130R?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck ABD’deki Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nde doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. Tez ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu refah devleti ve toplumsal hareketler \u00fczerinedir. \u00d6zel olarak, T\u00fcrkiye refah sisteminin, devletin K\u00fcrt hareketi ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketini bast\u0131rma ve bir yandan da harekete ge\u00e7irme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir do\u011fumlu olan Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki lisans ve y\u00fcksek lisan e\u011fitiminin ard\u0131ndan doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: \u0130SMET KAYHAN -ANF 09:10 \/ 01 Aral\u0131k 2009<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapan Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck\u2019e g\u00f6re 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda devletin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 sonucu T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015fti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrtle\u015fti\u011fini, K\u00fcrtlerin de proleterle\u015fti\u011fi saptamas\u0131nda bulunan Y\u00f6r\u00fck, \u2018\u2019K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberalizmin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca etmenlerden birisi olmu\u015ftur\u2019\u2019 diyor.Metropollerde K\u00fcrt i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yepyeni ve ciddi bir siyasi tehdidin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2853","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-turkiye"},"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye'de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye'de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapan Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck\u2019e g\u00f6re 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda devletin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 sonucu T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015fti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrtle\u015fti\u011fini, K\u00fcrtlerin de proleterle\u015fti\u011fi saptamas\u0131nda bulunan Y\u00f6r\u00fck, \u2018\u2019K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberalizmin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca etmenlerden birisi olmu\u015ftur\u2019\u2019 diyor.Metropollerde K\u00fcrt i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yepyeni ve ciddi bir siyasi tehdidin […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"narteks.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-12-11T10:58:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\"},\"headline\":\"T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-12-11T10:58:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/\"},\"wordCount\":3647,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"T\u00fcrkiye\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/\",\"name\":\"T\u00fcrkiye'de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan - narteks.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-12-11T10:58:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"description\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"narteks.net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/narteks\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\",\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Tar\u0131k\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/narteks.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"T\u00fcrkiye'de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan - narteks.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"T\u00fcrkiye'de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan","og_description":"Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapan Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck\u2019e g\u00f6re 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda devletin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 sonucu T\u00fcrkiye’nin s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015fti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrtle\u015fti\u011fini, K\u00fcrtlerin de proleterle\u015fti\u011fi saptamas\u0131nda bulunan Y\u00f6r\u00fck, \u2018\u2019K\u00fcrtlerin zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberalizmin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca etmenlerden birisi olmu\u015ftur\u2019\u2019 diyor.Metropollerde K\u00fcrt i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yepyeni ve ciddi bir siyasi tehdidin […]","og_url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/","og_site_name":"narteks.net","article_published_time":"2009-12-11T10:58:01+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Tar\u0131k","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@narteks","twitter_site":"@narteks","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Tar\u0131k","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"18 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/"},"author":{"name":"Tar\u0131k","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca"},"headline":"T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan","datePublished":"2009-12-11T10:58:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/"},"wordCount":3647,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg","articleSection":["T\u00fcrkiye"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/","name":"T\u00fcrkiye'de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan - narteks.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg","datePublished":"2009-12-11T10:58:01+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/kurt-isciler.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/11\/turkiyede-isci-sinifi-kurtlestikurtler-proterlesti-ismet-kayhan\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"T\u00fcrkiye’de \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u015fti,K\u00fcrtler Proterle\u015fti | \u0130smet Kayhan"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","name":"narteks.net","description":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"alternateName":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization","name":"narteks.net","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","width":300,"height":90,"caption":"narteks.net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/narteks","https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca","name":"Tar\u0131k","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Tar\u0131k"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/narteks.net"],"url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2853\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}