{"id":2862,"date":"2010-03-09T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-03-08T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/03\/09\/ulkucu-fasist-hareketin-tarihi-1bolum-kerem-dagli\/"},"modified":"2010-03-09T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-03-08T22:00:00","slug":"ulkucu-fasist-hareketin-tarihi-1bolum-kerem-dagli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/09\/ulkucu-fasist-hareketin-tarihi-1bolum-kerem-dagli\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-Fa\u015fist Hareketin Tarihi (1.B\u00f6l\u00fcm) | Kerem Da\u011fl\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Emperyalist-kapitalist sistemin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ekonomik kriz ve bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak gittik\u00e7e k\u0131z\u0131\u015fan emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m kavgas\u0131, istisnas\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn burjuva devletleri bir i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlanmaya itiyor. Militarizm ve silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm kapitalist devletleri i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekiyor ve \u015fiddetlenen \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki emperyalist-kapitalist sistem gericile\u015ferek sald\u0131rganla\u015f\u0131yor. Pek \u00e7ok kapitalist \u00fclkede pe\u015f pe\u015fe bask\u0131c\u0131 yasalar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, gerici, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, fa\u015fizan uygulamalar yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor. Fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fcklere has bir\u00e7ok uygulama, s\u0131radanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p kan\u0131ksat\u0131larak g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata sokuluyor. Burjuvazinin i\u015f\u00e7i- emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar ve kendisine muhalefet eden g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artt\u0131rmas\u0131 bo\u015funa de\u011fildir.Bunal\u0131m derinle\u015ftik\u00e7e s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin y\u00fckselerek kendi d\u00fczenini tehdit eder bir hal alabilece\u011fini bilen burjuvazi, \u015fimdiden \u00f6nlemlerini almakta, fa\u015fist \u00e7eteleri tahkim etmekte ve fa\u015fizm silah\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ya\u011flamaya ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de burjuvazi ne zaman ba\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015fsa, toplumsal muhalefeti bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in fa\u015fist \u00e7eteleri ve katiller s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc devreye sokmu\u015ftur. \u201880 \u00f6ncesinde devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f hareketini, sonras\u0131nda ise K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini ezmek i\u00e7in burjuva devletin en \u00f6nemli yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve silah\u0131, MHP\u2019de cisimle\u015fen \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist[1] hareket olmu\u015ftur. Bu fa\u015fist parti, bug\u00fcn de y\u00fckseltilen milliyet\u00e7i-\u015foven dalgan\u0131n ba\u015fta gelen \u201csivil\u201d aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor, tertiplenen provokasyonlar i\u00e7in gerekli insan kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczen g\u00fc\u00e7lerine temin ediyor. Ve yar\u0131n da devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f hareketi tekrar y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, devrimcilere ve \u00f6nc\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilere sald\u0131rmak \u00fczere s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin burjuva d\u00fczenin di\u011fer sa\u011f-milliyet\u00e7i partilerinden ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden ayr\u0131 bir yeri oldu\u011fu iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fa\u015fist partiler ve onlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki legal-illegal t\u00fcm \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler, \u00e7eteler, mafyatik yap\u0131lanmalar vb. hepsi de burjuvazinin i\u00e7 sava\u015f ayg\u0131t\u0131yla organik bir ba\u011f i\u00e7erisindedir. Yeri geldi\u011finde bizzat burjuva devlet taraf\u0131ndan kurulur, desteklenir ve \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Devrimci y\u00fckseli\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde, burjuva devletin kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leri devrim g\u00fc\u00e7lerini yenilgiye u\u011fratmakta yetersiz kalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devreye fa\u015fist \u00e7eteler ve fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r girer. Fa\u015fist hareket ve parti arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla burjuvazi, kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine kitle taban\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u015fartlar uygunsa \u2013toplumsal krizin devrimci
yoldan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fine dair umutlar yitirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u2013 bunu belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde ba\u015far\u0131r.Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin ola\u011fan d\u00f6nemlerdeki g\u00f6rece at\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve uysall\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131p aldanmamak gerekir. G\u00f6rece diyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc en \u201cuysal\u201d oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde bile fa\u015fist \u00e7eteler burjuva devletin kirli ve illegal i\u015flerini g\u00f6rmeye, burjuvalar\u0131n emrinde grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmaya, onlara korumal\u0131k ve bek\u00e7i k\u00f6pekli\u011fi yapmaya devam ederler. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket her daim, toplumsal muhalefetin ve devrimin ba\u015f\u0131na indirmek i\u00e7in burjuvazinin elinin alt\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu kanl\u0131 sopas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yapt\u0131klar\u0131, gelecekte yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131n da teminat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Turanc\u0131l\u0131ktan Nazizme, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin ideolojik k\u00f6keni
<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de fa\u015fist hareketin neredeyse 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir mazisi var. Bu mazi, fa\u015fizmin en ilkel ve insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 fikirleriyle, binlerce devrimcinin, i\u015f\u00e7inin, ilerici ayd\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131yla, say\u0131s\u0131z katliam ve k\u0131y\u0131mla doludur. Devrimin ve devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n can d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan fa\u015fizm, bu kar\u015f\u0131- devrimci do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 en ba\u015fta s\u00f6ylemiyle, ideolojisiyle ortaya koyar. Fa\u015fizmin her ne kadar b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc ve tutarl\u0131 bir ideolojisi olmasa da, hatta tamamen demagojik s\u00f6ylemlerle dolu ve oport\u00fcnist, eklektik bir yap\u0131ya sahip olsa da, sonu\u00e7ta murad\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaya yetecek kadar a\u00e7\u0131k ve nettir. Ama\u00e7 devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f hareketini ezerek burjuvaziyi krizden kurtarmak oldu\u011fundan, zaten kendi i\u00e7inde tutarl\u0131 bir ideolojiye de ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur. Bonapartizmden
Fa\u015fizme adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda fa\u015fizmin son derece \u00f6zl\u00fc ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir tahlilini yapm\u0131\u015f olan Elif \u00c7a\u011fl\u0131,fa\u015fist ideolojinin i\u015flevini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

Fa\u015fist hareketler \u00f6rg\u00fctlenir ve iktidara t\u0131rman\u0131rlarken, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva kitleleri pe\u015flerine takmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok demagojik unsurla bezenip kendilerini \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir ideolojik ya da siyasal ak\u0131m olarak sunmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar. (\u2026) Fa\u015fizm iktidara t\u0131rman\u0131rken bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva ideolojisine sahipmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Fakat iktidara geldi\u011finde, onun bu oport\u00fcnist ideolojisinin asl\u0131nda burjuva egemenli\u011finin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ko\u015fullarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini ama\u00e7layan bir demagojiler y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. (\u2026) Fa\u015fizm iktidara t\u0131rman\u0131rken kitleler \u00fczerinde etkili olabilmek i\u00e7in kendini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva kitlelerin \u00f6zlemlerine uyarlar. Ayr\u0131ca farkl\u0131
y\u00f6ntemler uygulayarak i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine do\u011fru da uzan\u0131r. (\u2026) \u0130ktidara t\u0131rman\u0131rken ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu anti-kapitalist demagojilerle ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuvaziyi cezbetmeye y\u00f6nelik u\u00e7uk tarihi fantezileriyle, fa\u015fizm \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva siyasal ak\u0131m olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. (…) Ama t\u00fcm bu yalan kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda, sermayenin ger\u00e7ek ak\u0131l hocalar\u0131 planlar\u0131n\u0131 sinsice haz\u0131rlayacak ve fa\u015fizm i\u015fini, finans kapitalin o d\u00f6nem \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda gayet de bilin\u00e7li olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctecektir. (s.144-147)<\/p>\n

Fa\u015fizmin demagojik s\u00f6yleminin temel unsurlar\u0131; burjuva devletin ve d\u00fczenin kutsanmas\u0131, koyu bir milliyet\u00e7ilik, militarizm ve azg\u0131n bir anti-kom\u00fcnizmdir. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda da durum ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fizmin ideolojisi de, devleti kutsayan,kom\u00fcnizmi milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe ve burjuva devlete kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fman ilan eden, T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcn \u0131rk\u201d olarak g\u00f6ren \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve \u015foven bir anlay\u0131\u015fa dayan\u0131r. T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizminin ideolojik k\u00f6k\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-Turanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede ve Alman Nazizminde aranmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sonradan (60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren), d\u00f6nemin konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcne uygun bi\u00e7imde ve kitleselle\u015fme gayesiyle ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u0130slami motifler de i\u015fin i\u00e7ine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezi yarat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu, temelde yatan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-milliyet\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi ve fa\u015fist bir devlet d\u00fczeni idealini ortadan kald\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131zca ona eklemlenmi\u015ftir. Devlet kavram\u0131, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan merkezi ve hayati bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fizmin tarihsel olarak ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-Turanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren geli\u015fen bu ak\u0131m\u0131n temelinde de \u201cdevleti korumak ve kurtarmak\u201d refleksinin yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu refleks, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin t\u00fcm d\u00f6nemlerine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f ve burjuva devletin hizmetinde, onun \u201cyard\u0131mc\u0131\u201d yahut \u201csokaktaki\u201d g\u00fcc\u00fc olmak prati\u011fiyle de \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist ideolojinin bir di\u011fer unsuru olan \u201cTuran\u201d \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc de, \u201cdevleti kurtarma\u201d refleksinin uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir milletin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir devlet kurma fikrinin somutlan\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Turanc\u0131l\u0131k ad\u0131 verilen bu ak\u0131m, 1910\u2019lu y\u0131llarda \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve \u201cT\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn topraklar\u0131n tek bir T\u00fcrk devleti alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d idealini savunan T\u00fcrk\u00ee ayd\u0131nlar (Gasp\u0131ral\u0131 \u0130smail, Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura vs.) taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n da bunlardan etkilenerek milliyet\u00e7i fikirleri savunmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Son derece u\u00e7uk bir tarihi fantezi olsa da, d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fc olan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi taraf\u0131ndan sahiplenilmesi, Turanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n resmi ideoloji ve \u201cTuran\u201d idealinin de devlet politikas\u0131 haline gelmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. I. emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibariyle \u201cTuran\u201d idealinin Turanc\u0131l\u0131k fikriyle beraber s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, fakat Zeki Velidi Togan ve Nuri Killigil[2] gibi baz\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-Turanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler bu ak\u0131m\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rarak 30\u2019lu y\u0131llara kadar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve Avrupa\u2019da y\u00fckselen Alman Nazizmi ile harmanlayarak \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel temellerini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihten itibaren fa\u015fist kadrolara Nihal Ats\u0131z,Reha O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkkan, Orhon Seyfi Orhon, R\u0131za Nur, Fethi Teveto\u011flu gibi isimler de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00d6zellikle Nihal Ats\u0131z\u2019\u0131, bu meyanda fa\u015fist hareketin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kurucusu ve ideologu olarak anmak yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz.<\/p>\n

30\u2019lu ve 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar hem d\u00fcnyada hem de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de fa\u015fist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ve siyasetin y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerdir. Alman ve \u0130talyan fa\u015fizminin iktidara gelmesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de fa\u015fist kadrolar\u0131n canlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, fa\u015fist ideolojinin ve devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok unsurunun TC devletinin resmi ideolojisiyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesinin de etkisiyle, devlet b\u00fcrokrasisinin \u00fcst katmanlar\u0131nda kendine yanda\u015flar bulmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki tek parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6neminden verece\u011fimiz baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler bu ba\u011flamda a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. CHP\u2019nin iktidar\u0131 elinde tuttu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde parti-h\u00fck\u00fcmet-devlet i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015fti. CHP\u2019nin 1935\u2019teki kongresinde, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye toplumunun t\u00fcm bireyleri\u201d parti \u00fcyesi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, toplumun manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifadesi olan \u201culus\u201dun parti i\u00e7inde topland\u0131\u011f\u0131, partinin \u201culus\u201d ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devlet anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti. Hatta 1936 tarihli bir genelgeyle partinin genel sekreteri \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131, il ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 da vali olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylesi bir korporatizmle birle\u015fen devlet\u00e7i ve b\u00fcrokratik muhafazak\u00e2rl\u0131k, resmi ideolojinin fa\u015fizan fikirlerle ne denli \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde, fa\u015fist kadrolar bir yandan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve y\u00fcksek b\u00fcrokrasiyi etkilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar, di\u011fer yandan da (\u00f6zellikle Nuri Killigil arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) ordu i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131, Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ve askeri bir darbe arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmekti. Bu d\u00f6nemde Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki fa\u015fistleri siyasi ve mali y\u00f6nden desteklemi\u015f, devlet i\u00e7indeki etkinliklerini artt\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde tarafs\u0131z ama ger\u00e7ekte Alman yanl\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fundan,fa\u015fist kadrolar \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler kaydetmi\u015flerdir. \u0130hracat ve ithalatta Almanya\u2019ya \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131n\u0131yor, halk a\u00e7l\u0131ktan k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p kuyruklarda sefillik \u00e7ekerken bu\u011fday ve \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u0131da maddeleri Almanya\u2019ya ihra\u00e7 ediliyordu. Hatta \u201cmilli \u015fef\u201d \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Alman b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Von Papen\u2019e, kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede ve SSCB konusunda ortak politikalara sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131, Alman ordular\u0131n\u0131n Sovyetler\u2019i yenmesi maksad\u0131yla T\u00fcrk\u00ee b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u201ckanda\u015flar\u0131\u201d ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015feceklerini ve Alman ordular\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmalar\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k edeceklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.
H\u00fck\u00fcmetten \u00fcst d\u00fczey b\u00fcrokratlara kadar pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a Nazi yanl\u0131s\u0131 fikirler ileri s\u00fcrmekten \u00e7ekinmiyordu. D\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu, genelkurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mare\u015fal Fevzi \u00c7akmak, General H\u00fcsn\u00fc Erkilet gibi isimlerin Nazi yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Cumhuriyet, Tasvir ve Vakit gibi bir\u00e7ok gazete de Pan-Turanist ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir temelde Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n propagandas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Sara\u00e7o\u011flu, \u201cben T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc bir ba\u015fbakan\u0131m\u2026 T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck bizim i\u00e7in bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr meselesi oldu\u011fu kadar bir kan meselesidir\u201d diye konu\u015fuyordu. Burjuva devlet bir yandan kendini Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131na ispatlamak i\u00e7in TKP\u2019lilere ve solculara kan kustururken, di\u011fer yandan askeri-sivil okullara yahut devlet dairelerine al\u0131nacak ki\u015filerde \u201cT\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131ndan olmak\u201d gibi \u015fartlar aranmaya ba\u015flan\u0131yor, ders kitaplar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a
Turanc\u0131l\u0131k-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k propagandas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki, 1944 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Nazi ordular\u0131n\u0131n Sovyet g\u00fc\u00e7lerince p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmesi ve Almanya\u2019n\u0131n yenilgisinin kesinle\u015fmesi \u00fczerine her \u015fey bir anda de\u011fi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fin asl\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131ndanberi sava\u015f\u0131 kazanaca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Almanya taraf\u0131na oynayan burjuva devlet, sava\u015f\u0131n sonucu belli olur olmaz Nazi ve fa\u015fizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 sulara d\u00fcmen k\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun siyaset arenas\u0131ndaki g\u00f6stergesi ise 1944\u2019teki \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cTuranc\u0131l\u0131k Davas\u0131\u201d ve bu davada T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizminin (aralar\u0131nda Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu) \u00fcnl\u00fc isimlerinin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r.
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, 1944 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7, T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizminin ideolojik mayalanma d\u00f6nemi olarak nitelendirilebilir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-Turanc\u0131 fikirlerin miras\u0131yla yeti\u015fen 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n fa\u015fist kadrolar\u0131, bu fikirleri Alman Nazizmi ile harmanlayarak bu ak\u0131m\u0131n ideolojik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015fe kadar fa\u015fist hareket dar bir kadronun ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi bir fikir ak\u0131m\u0131 karakterini korumu\u015f ve daha \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcler Derne\u011fi ile Ergenekon, G\u00f6kb\u00f6r\u00fc, Tanr\u0131da\u011f, Orhun, \u00c7\u0131naralt\u0131, Kopuz gibi dergiler etraf\u0131nda
\u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir. 40\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ise Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n ve devletin deste\u011fiyle daha \u00f6rg\u00fctsel bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015farak, fikir ak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir harekete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. 1944\u2019te ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6stermelik darbe sonucu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 ge\u00e7iren ve itibar kayb\u0131 ya\u015fayan fa\u015fist hareket, Turanc\u0131l\u0131k davas\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n itibarlar\u0131n\u0131n 1947\u2019de iade edilmesine ra\u011fmen, 60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna kadar nispeten dura\u011fan bir s\u00fcrece girer. Bu y\u0131llarda fa\u015fist kadrolar \u00f6nce Fevzi \u00c7akmak\u2019\u0131n Millet Partisi\u2019nde (1948), daha sonra da Osman B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1954\u2019te kurdu\u011fu Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Millet Partisinde ve daha sonra (bu partiyle T\u00fcrkiye-K\u00f6yl\u00fc Partisinin ayn\u0131 y\u0131l birle\u015ferek olu\u015fturduklar\u0131) Cumhuriyet\u00e7i K\u00f6yl\u00fc Millet Partisi etraf\u0131nda toplan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f ayg\u0131t\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak MHP\u2019nin do\u011fu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in ad\u0131 \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f olan, nam-\u0131 di\u011fer \u201cba\u015fbu\u011f\u201d Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f, her ne kadar 1944\u2019te Turanc\u0131l\u0131k davas\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u201ci\u00e7erde\u201d kalm\u0131\u015f olsa da, 60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar fa\u015fist hareket i\u00e7inde tan\u0131nan veya bilinen biri de\u011fildi. Oysa onun hayat\u0131na k\u0131sa bir bak\u0131\u015f bile, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki fa\u015fist hareketin nas\u0131l ve ne ama\u00e7la \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle doludur. Hen\u00fcz gen\u00e7 bir subayolan T\u00fcrke\u015f, 1950\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilir ve burada 2,5 ay kalarak \u201c\u00f6zel harp, gayri nizami harp, gerillaya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ve gerilla sava\u015flar\u0131\u201d konusunda e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ard\u0131ndan 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bu kez NATO T\u00fcrk Temsil Heyeti \u00fcyesi olarak ABD\u2019ye bir kez daha gider ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk \u201c\u00f6zel harp, kontr-gerilla\u201d uzmanlar\u0131ndan biri olarak 27 May\u0131s darbesine kadar Genel Kurmaydaki NATO Dairesini y\u00f6netir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 ne bu e\u011fitim i\u00e7in T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ne de hen\u00fcz 50\u2019li y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye ve benzeri \u00fclkelerden se\u00e7ilmi\u015f subaylara bu t\u00fcr e\u011fitimler verilmesi basit bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Nitekim ilerleyen y\u0131llarda kendisinin ve ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fi fa\u015fist partinin \u00fcstlenece\u011fi rol dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu e\u011fitimin i\u015flevi daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

50\u2019li y\u0131llar d\u00fcnya arenas\u0131nda \u201cSo\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u201d d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve emperyalist kampta yer alan (NATO \u00fcyesi) t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde sonradan Gladio, S\u00fcperNATO, \u00d6zel Harp Dairesi vb. adlarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak olan kontr-gerilla\/i\u00e7 sava\u015f ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n devlet i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi ve fa\u015fist hareketlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fine girdi\u011fi y\u0131llard\u0131r. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerde fa\u015fist hareketten se\u00e7ilen unsurlar\u0131n yahut \u00f6rne\u011fin Avrupa\u2019da Nazi art\u0131\u011f\u0131 subaylar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 neredeyse klasikle\u015fmi\u015f bir uygulamayd\u0131. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin amac\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle ifade ediliyordu: \u201cKom\u00fcnizm tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 eylemlerle solcu h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri y\u0131pratmak, otoriter y\u00f6netimleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, kom\u00fcnistlerin iktidara gelmesini \u00f6nlemek; bu ama\u00e7la gerekirse silahl\u0131 eylem, sabotaj ve suikastlar d\u00fczenlemek; bir Sovyet i\u015fgali durumunda \u00f6zel sava\u015f y\u00f6ntemleriyle gerilla m\u00fccadelesi y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve propaganda faaliyetleri yapmak.\u201d NATO \u00fclkelerinde adlar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok cinayete, suikasta, toplu katliama kar\u0131\u015fan bu i\u00e7 sava\u015f ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kontr-gerilla Operasyonlar\u0131 ad\u0131yla bas\u0131lan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye de \u201cST 31-15\u201d yani Sahra Talimnamesi 31-15 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7evrilen elkitab\u0131nda, bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemleri hakk\u0131nda \u015funlar yaz\u0131yordu: \u201cAdam\u00a0 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme, bombalama, silahl\u0131 soygun, i\u015fkence, k\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm hale getirme, adam ka\u00e7\u0131rmak suretiyle tedhi\u015f ve olaylar\u0131 tahrik, misilleme ve rehinelerin al\u0131konmas\u0131, kundak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, sabotaj, propaganda ve yalan haber yayma, zorbal\u0131k, \u015fantaj\u201d. Ayr\u0131ca bir not olarak \u015fu ifade ekleniyordu: \u201cBir gayri nizami kuvvetin yeralt\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 kaide olarak kanuni stat\u00fcye sahip de\u011fillerdir.\u201d Bu c\u00fcmlelerden, burjuvazinin devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l bir yol ve y\u00f6ntem izledi\u011fini anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u201cSo\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u201d d\u00f6neminde ABD emperyalizmi taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201culuslararas\u0131 ter\u00f6rizmle m\u00fccadele\u201d masal\u0131n\u0131n o d\u00f6nemdeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u201ckom\u00fcnizmle m\u00fccadele\u201d, istisnas\u0131z t\u00fcm gerici-fa\u015fizan yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131n ve kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin temel d\u00fcsturu olmu\u015ftur. Fa\u015fizmi yenilgiye u\u011fratan g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde prestiji artan SSCB kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ABD emperyalizmi, elinin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 her yerde bu t\u00fcr fa\u015fist ve kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f, bunlar\u0131 desteklemi\u015f ve \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte gelece\u011fin \u201cba\u015fbu\u011fu\u201d T\u00fcrke\u015f de, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00f6zel harp\u201d e\u011fitimini, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki fa\u015fist hareketin
\u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve burjuvazinin hizmetine ko\u015fulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha ba\u015ftan emperyalizmin \u201cSo\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u201d stratejisiyle \u015fekillenen \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin, \u00d6zel Harp Dairesiyle (burjuva devletin bu i\u00e7 sava\u015f ayg\u0131t\u0131yla) organik ili\u015fkisi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. O kadar ki, ileride MHP\u2019nin il ve il\u00e7e ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00d6zel Harp Dairesinin eleman\u0131 olacak ve i\u015fin asl\u0131 MHP\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler ayn\u0131 zamanda kontr-gerillan\u0131n sivil milis g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nitekim 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 sonras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan MHP ana davas\u0131nda da, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistlerin e\u011fitim ve haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bir kontr-gerilla talimnamesi olan \u201cST 31-21\u201de g\u00f6re hareket ettikleri ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenirken de ayn\u0131 talimnamede yer alan \u015femaya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak \u201cistihbarat komiteleri, maliye komiteleri, e\u011fitim komiteleri, ikmal komiteleri, emniyet komiteleri, ula\u015ft\u0131rma komiteleri, kundaklama, tahrip, silahl\u0131 bask\u0131n ve propaganda komiteleri vb.\u201d kurduklar\u0131 resmi a\u011f\u0131zlardan teyit ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

Daha 50\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda burjuva TC, \u201ckom\u00fcnizme ve her t\u00fcrden d\u00fczen kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 muhalefet hareketlerine kar\u015f\u0131\u201d adeta kendi i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak fa\u015fist hareketi el alt\u0131ndan k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fcyordu. Fa\u015fist ve kontr-gerillac\u0131 T\u00fcrke\u015f ABD\u2019de bu e\u011fitimleri al\u0131rken,T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de fa\u015fist kadrolar bo\u015f durmuyor, burjuva devletin hamili\u011finde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenip palazlan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bizzat devlet eliyle kurulan \u201cKom\u00fcnizmle M\u00fccadele Dernekleri\u201d bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerdir. \u0130lki 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Zonguldak\u2019ta kurulan, 1956\u2019da Demokrat Parti\u2019nindeste\u011fiyle \u0130stanbul\u2019da da \u015fubesi a\u00e7\u0131lan ve kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda Fethullah G\u00fclen, Recai Kutan gibi isimlerin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu fa\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler, 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesiyle birlikte
kapat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ancak 1963\u2019te \u0130zmir\u2019de yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lacak ve 1968\u2019e gelindi\u011finde \u015fubelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 141\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131. Benzer \u015fekilde Milli T\u00fcrk Talebe Birli\u011fi (MTTB) ve T\u00fcrkiye Milli Talebe Federasyonu (TMTF) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve \u201ckom\u00fcnizmle m\u00fccadele\u201d \u015fiar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda \u00fcniversite gen\u00e7li\u011fi de gerici-fa\u015fist harekete \u00e7ekilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin liderleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla fa\u015fist hareketle s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flar i\u00e7erisindeydiler ve bir yandan \u201cKom\u00fcnizmi Tel\u2019in\u201d mitingleri d\u00fczenliyor, di\u011fer yandan polisle birlikte solcu mitinglere sald\u0131r\u0131yor, i\u015fi solcu-devrimci ki\u015fileri katletmeye kadar vard\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda 60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara gelen fa\u015fist hareket, uluslararas\u0131 alanda esen \u201canti-kom\u00fcnizm\u201d r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 da arkas\u0131na alarak, burjuva devletin himayesinde ciddi bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc g\u00fcce kavu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Ancak hen\u00fcz yayg\u0131n bir kitle taban\u0131na sahip de\u011fildi ve bu y\u00fczden de iktidar perspektifi, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da ABD emperyalizminden i\u00e7eride de ordunun milliyet\u00e7i-muhafazak\u00e2r kesimlerinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekle ve tepeden bir darbe yoluyla iktidar\u0131 almakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131.Fa\u015fizmin bu do\u011frultudaki bir denemesi T\u00fcrke\u015f ve kadrosu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi esnas\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Darbe sonras\u0131 kurulan Milli Birlik Komitesinde (MBK) yer alan T\u00fcrke\u015f, birlikte hareket etti\u011fi dar bir ekibe (Orhan Kabibay ve Suphi Karaman vs.) dayanarak ve esasen i\u015fi oldubittiye getirerek Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam\u0131na elkoydu.[3] T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi ekip ivedi bir \u015fekilde MBK i\u00e7inde iktidar m\u00fccadelesine giri\u015fti. Ama\u00e7 devleti ve toplumu korporatif tarzda yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek ve fa\u015fist nitelikli \u201ckal\u0131c\u0131 ve otoriter bir rejim kurmak\u201dt\u0131. Cuntan\u0131n \u201ckudretli albay\u0131\u201d T\u00fcrke\u015f kitle deste\u011fi sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derneklerini kuruyor, \u00d6nc\u00fc adl\u0131 bir dergi \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve toplumun ideolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 fa\u015fist tarzda bi\u00e7imlendirmek \u00fczere \u00dclk\u00fc K\u00fclt\u00fcr Birli\u011fi projesinin hayata ge\u00e7irilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu. Ancak d\u00f6nemin konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi fa\u015fist kanad\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131 yoktu. Nihayetinde 13 Kas\u0131mda \u201c14\u2019lerin tasfiyesi\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019le ekibinin de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu 14 MBK \u00fcyesi s\u00fcrg\u00fcneg\u00f6nderildiler.<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019a askeri ate\u015fe olarak s\u00fcr\u00fclen T\u00fcrke\u015f, \u015eubat 1963\u2019te T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6ner d\u00f6nmez ekibiyle birlikte \u201cinisiyatifi ele ge\u00e7irmek ve iktidara uzanmak\u201d amac\u0131yla Cumhuriyet\u00e7i K\u00f6yl\u00fc Millet Partisine (CKMP) girdi. 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda, partinin ba\u015fkan\u0131 Osman B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n istifas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fluktan yararlanarak ve parti i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc fa\u015fist bile\u015fenlerin de deste\u011fiyle liderli\u011fi ald\u0131. T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte partiye fa\u015fizan ve radikal milliyet\u00e7i bir s\u00f6ylem h\u00e2kim oldu. Partinin ideolojik \u00e7izgisi ve anti-kom\u00fcnist pozisyonu netle\u015ftirildi. T\u00fcrke\u015f taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan ve \u201cmilliyet\u00e7i toplumculuk\u201d (yani Nasyonal Sosyalizm) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u201cDokuz I\u015f\u0131k\u201d bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc, 1967 kongresinde partinin programatik metni haline geldi.B\u00f6ylece partinin fa\u015fist kimli\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ilan edilmi\u015f oluyordu. T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in hareketin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz lideri olarak \u201cba\u015fbu\u011f\u201d ilan edilmesiyle birlikte, T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizminin \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201clider-\u00f6rg\u00fct-doktrin\u201d\u00fc\u00e7lemesi de \u015fekillenmi\u015f oluyordu. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kongrede partinin isminin de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek Milliyet\u00e7i Hareket Partisi (MHP) ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131, parti program\u0131 ve t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019e ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler tan\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu;fa\u015fist hareketin partile\u015fme s\u00fcreci tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1969\u2019daki kongrede \u015fekillenen MHP, fa\u015fist hareketin ideolojik d\u00fczleminde de bir de\u011fi\u015fimi ifade ediyordu. Hareketin \u201ctarihi\u201d \u00f6nderi Nihal Ats\u0131z\u2019\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-Turanc\u0131 \u00e7izgide r\u00f6tu\u015flar yap\u0131larak T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezinden olu\u015fan bir milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe ge\u00e7iliyordu. \u0130\u015fin asl\u0131 hareketin kitleselle\u015febilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu zorunluydu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc salt \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayanan bir T\u00fcrkl\u00fck kimli\u011finin toplumda ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. T\u00fcrke\u015f \u00f6nderli\u011findeki MHP,fa\u015fizmin klasik takti\u011fini kullanarak son derece oport\u00fcnist bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla, ta\u015fradaki kitlelerin muhafazak\u00e2r ve dini duygular\u0131na seslenerek onlara ula\u015fmak ve sola kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki uyand\u0131rarak fa\u015fist hareketin kitle taban\u0131n\u0131 yaratmak amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcyordu. MHP bunu S\u00fcnni\u0130slam temelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek T\u00fcrkl\u00fck kimli\u011fine S\u00fcnnilik-\u0130slaml\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 da ekliyor ve bu ikisini ayn\u0131 fa\u015fist potada eriterek T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam kimli\u011finin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen t\u00fcm halklar\u0131 ve etnik gruplar\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla d\u0131\u015fl\u0131yordu. O y\u0131llarda bu \u00e7izgi ifadesini, \u201cTanr\u0131 da\u011f\u0131 kadar T\u00fcrk,Hira da\u011f\u0131 kadar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u201d slogan\u0131nda bulmu\u015ftu.\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin partile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde tepe noktas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden MHP\u2019nin do\u011fu\u015fu,
tamamen anti-kom\u00fcnist ve fa\u015fist bir anlay\u0131\u015f temelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, misyonunu da 60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren y\u00fckselen sol hareketi durdurmak olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden de toplumsal muhalefet dalgas\u0131ndaki her rengi kom\u00fcnist olarak nitelemi\u015f, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak muhalefeti ve devrimci temelde y\u00fckselen s\u0131n\u0131f hareketini pasifize etmeyi ve bast\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinmi\u015fti. \u00c7izdi\u011fi yol sermayenin d\u00f6nemsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na da fazlas\u0131yla tekab\u00fcl etti\u011finden, MHP\u2019de cisimle\u015fen \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede burjuva devletin para-militer ve kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci \u201csokak g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d olarak \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n misyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cBa\u015fbu\u011f\u201d T\u00fcrke\u015f \u00f6nderli\u011findeki fa\u015fist MHP i\u015fe gen\u00e7li\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlemekle ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1966\u2019da kurulan \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket partile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde bir\u00e7ok \u00e7evre ve dernek arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7etelerini de \u00f6rg\u00fctlemi\u015f, fa\u015fizmin klasik gidi\u015fat\u0131na uygun olarak yak\u0131n zamanda devreye sokaca\u011f\u0131 fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131, MHP\u2019nin organize etti\u011fi bu fa\u015fist \u00e7etelere \u201cyurt\u201d oluyor ve ayn\u0131 zamanda insan kayna\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00fcniversite gen\u00e7li\u011finin \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi MTTB ve TMTF gibi derneklerde etkin olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistler, solun \u00fcniversite gen\u00e7li\u011fi i\u00e7indeki hegemonyas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 burada istediklerini elde edemeyince kendi yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00dclk\u00fc
Ocaklar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin gen\u00e7lik kollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak do\u011fan \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131, ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu niteli\u011fini a\u015farak fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn vurucu g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecekti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yap\u0131, bir gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kurulsa da hi\u00e7bir zaman kendini gen\u00e7lik ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmam\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist harekete kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir ara\u00e7 niteli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1970\u2019e gelindi\u011finde say\u0131lar\u0131 200\u2019\u00fc bulan \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131nda toplanan gen\u00e7lere \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem atfedilmi\u015f, se\u00e7ilenlere parti ileri gelenleri taraf\u0131ndan ideolojik e\u011fitim verilmi\u015f ve uzun bir s\u00fcre bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma partinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme faaliyetinin temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Yar\u0131 askeri bir yap\u0131ya sahip olan bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme i\u00e7erisinde yeti\u015ftirilen gen\u00e7ler, ellerine silah tutu\u015fturularak \u00fcniversitelere, grevlere veya solcular\u0131n etkin oldu\u011fu semtlere g\u00f6nderiliyor, devrimci-solcu gen\u00e7lerin, ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fczerine sal\u0131n\u0131yordu. Fa\u015fist MHP\u2019nin temel prensibi,devrimcilerin ve solcular\u0131n bulundu\u011fu her alanda varolmak ve onlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dikilmekti.Bu ama\u00e7la \u00f6zellikle ta\u015fradan yeni gelmi\u015f k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ya da \u015fehrin varo\u015flar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan
i\u015fsiz g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz l\u00fcmpen gen\u00e7ler se\u00e7iliyor, kapitalizmin ezerek bir pa\u00e7avra gibi sistemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131naatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gen\u00e7lerin sisteme duyduklar\u0131 \u00f6fke kom\u00fcnizm kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kanalize edilerek beyinleri en gerici fikirlerle y\u0131kan\u0131yordu. Hitap edilen s\u0131n\u0131fsal kitle hesaba kat\u0131larak, yabanc\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temelinde bina edilmi\u015f bir anti-emperyalizm ve Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da d\u00f6nemin MHP\u2019sinin h\u00e2kim s\u00f6yleminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Bu s\u00f6yleme g\u00f6re, liberal kapitalizm ve kom\u00fcnizm ayn\u0131 kefeye konuyor, ikisinin de Bat\u0131dan-d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan geldi\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkl\u00fck-\u0130slaml\u0131k kimli\u011fine yabanc\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak, T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ilan ediliyordu.
Gittik\u00e7e kitleselle\u015fen devrimci-sol hareketin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmek i\u00e7in fa\u015fist ter\u00f6rden ba\u015fka bir silah\u0131 olmayan MHP, yar\u0131-legal silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri kurmakta da gecikmedi. \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ilki 1968\u2019de \u0130zmir\u2019de olmak \u00fczere \u201ckomando kamplar\u0131\u201d kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu kamplarda teorik e\u011fitim, judo ve komando e\u011fitimi, emekli subaylar taraf\u0131ndan veriliyordu. Bu subaylar da t\u0131pk\u0131 MHP\u2019nin ve \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer y\u00f6neticileri gibi, ya T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in 27 May\u0131s darbesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda cunta i\u00e7indeki ekibinden ya da \u00d6zel Harp Dairesi\u2019nin g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi askerlerden olu\u015fuyordu. Ama\u00e7 kom\u00fcnistlere, devrimcilere ve solculara kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fccadeleyi g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f vurucu timler yeti\u015ftirmekti. Bu fa\u015fist e\u011fitim kamplar\u0131n\u0131n
say\u0131s\u0131 100\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve toplam 35 ile yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kamplarda yeti\u015fen gen\u00e7ler ilk \u201cstajlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u00fcniversitelerdeki devrimci gen\u00e7li\u011fe ta\u015fl\u0131, sopal\u0131, b\u0131\u00e7akl\u0131, zincirli sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenleyerek yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sonralar\u0131 ise i\u015fi ilerletip silahl\u0131 suikastlara vard\u0131rarak, devrimcilerin toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bas\u0131p, mitinglere sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kurulduklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemde bu kamplar, d\u00fczen partilerinin bile tepkisini \u00e7ekmi\u015f, mecliste CHP taraf\u0131ndan soru \u00f6nergeleri verilmesine neden olmu\u015flard\u0131. Ancak fa\u015fist MHP\u2019nin bu giri\u015fimleri ku\u015fkusuz burjuva devletin bilgisi ve ilgisi d\u00e2hilinde, hatta kimi zaman el alt\u0131ndan kimi zaman a\u00e7\u0131ktan deste\u011fiyle y\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir raporda, MHP\u2019nin geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nasyonal Sosyalist (Nazi) d\u00fczeni inceleniyor, komando kamplar\u0131nda Hitler Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n SS \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin \u00f6rnek al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyordu. Ama ne devlet ne de h\u00fck\u00fcmet bu fa\u015fist faaliyetleri durdurmak i\u00e7in bir ad\u0131m atacakt\u0131. Arkas\u0131nda devlet deste\u011fi olanT\u00fcrke\u015f, komando kamplar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a savunuyor ve pervas\u0131z bir \u015fekilde \u201ckom\u00fcnistler memleketi sahipsiz san\u0131p da sokak h\u00e2kimiyeti kuramazlar. Onlar\u0131n anlayaca\u011f\u0131 dildenkonu\u015facak memleket\u00e7i, milliyet\u00e7i \u00e7ocuklar vard\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in gen\u00e7lerimizi m\u00fccadeleci olarak yeti\u015ftiriyoruz\u201d diyebiliyordu.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece 70\u2019li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket, gerek burjuva devletin kontr-gerilla yap\u0131lanmas\u0131yla geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi organik ba\u011flara g\u00fcvenerek gerekse de legal ve illegal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin geldi\u011fi d\u00fczey itibariyle, kendini devrimci y\u00fckseli\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131layacak ve bu yolla iktidara ge\u00e7ecek g\u00fc\u00e7te hissediyordu. Ancak \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin iktidar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, bu kez de 12 Mart Muht\u0131ras\u0131 ile kesildi. \u201cBa\u015fbu\u011f\u201d T\u00fcrke\u015f ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrse d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcns\u00fcn, burjuvazi hen\u00fcz fa\u015fizmi gerekli g\u00f6rm\u00fcyordu. B\u00f6ylece darbeyle birlikte burjuva devletin bask\u0131 ayg\u0131tlar\u0131,\u201csoka\u011f\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d de kendi ellerine ald\u0131lar ve fa\u015fist MHP\u2019ye kenara \u00e7ekilmesini buyurdular. Burjuvazinin bek\u00e7i k\u00f6pekli\u011fini yapmay\u0131 kendilerine g\u00f6rev bellemi\u015f \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist g\u00fcruhun ba\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrke\u015f, ho\u015funa gitmese de \u201cn\u00f6beti \u015fanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk ordusuna devrettiklerini\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131. Ancak i\u015f hen\u00fcz bitmemi\u015fti. 12 Mart rejiminin sola ve devrimci harekete y\u00f6nelik azg\u0131n tasfiye ve sindirme harek\u00e2t\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, toplumsal muhalefetin ve devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin y\u00fckseli\u015fi durdurulamad\u0131. T\u00fcrke\u015f sonradan 71-73 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00f6netimi elinde tutan askeri rejimi yeterince otoriter ve kararl\u0131 davranmamakla su\u00e7layacakt\u0131. T\u0130P ve Dev-Gen\u00e7 gibi solun kitlesel \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, yayg\u0131n ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir devlet
ter\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn estirilerek toplumsal muhalefetin sindirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da dergi, gazete ve yay\u0131nevinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, devrimci gen\u00e7li\u011fin \u00f6nderlerinden Mahir \u00c7ayan ve 10 yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131ldere\u2019de, Sinan Cemgil ve Kadir Manga\u2019n\u0131n Nurhak\u2019ta, Deniz Gezmi\u015f, Yusuf Aslan ve H\u00fcseyin \u0130nan\u2019\u0131n dara\u011fac\u0131nda katledilmesi, on binlerce insan\u0131n g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131narak i\u015fkencelerden ge\u00e7irilmesi, fa\u015fist MHP\u2019ye yetmemi\u015fti. \u0130ste\u011fine ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ise 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri fa\u015fist darbesini beklemesi gerekecekti.<\/p>\n

Fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7iyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

MHP \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareket 12 Mart muht\u0131ras\u0131 ile k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre kabu\u011funa \u00e7ekilse de sonras\u0131nda yoluna devam etti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fccadeleci bir i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\u00a0 toplumsal muhalefet dalgas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmeye devam etmesi, burjuva devletin fa\u015fist sopaya olan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 daha da artt\u0131r\u0131yordu. MC (Milli Cephe) h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte MHP, paramiliter sokak g\u00fcc\u00fc kimli\u011finden h\u00fck\u00fcmet ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na terfi etmi\u015fti. Bu MHP i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir deneyimdi.<\/p>\n

MC h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri d\u00f6neminde fa\u015fist hareket, devlet ve toplum i\u00e7indeki etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve siyasi alanda da ciddi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Demirel liderli\u011findeki AP\u2019nin (Adalet Partisi) bunda pay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Sermayenin has adam\u0131 Demirel, MHP\u2019nin hamili\u011fini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f,izledi\u011fi siyasetle \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist kadrolar\u0131n hareket alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak ve fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fc perdeleyecek bir y\u00f6nelim i\u00e7erisinde olmu\u015ftur. AP\u2019nin MHP ile girdi\u011fi bu kirli ittifak\u0131n niteli\u011fi, burjuvazinin MHP\u2019ye bi\u00e7ti\u011fi rol\u00fcn de somut bir ifadesidir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 burjuvazi, MHP\u2019den sonuna kadar faydalanmakla beraber onun tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidara gelmesini de istemiyordu.Bu y\u00fczden de bir yandan onu koruyup kollarken \u00f6te yandan da yular\u0131n\u0131 elinden b\u0131rakmamaya ve kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1975-78 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131 i\u00e7inde kadrola\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan MHP, iktidar olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 iyi de\u011ferlendirerek hem sa\u011f se\u00e7men \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir me\u015fruiyet elde etti hem de fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn dozunu artt\u0131rarak, kar\u015f\u0131-devrimin sahne \u00f6n\u00fcndeki vurucu g\u00fcc\u00fc konumuna geldi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 kimi zaman (profesyonellik gerekti\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde) do\u011frudan kontr-gerillan\u0131n, kimi zaman da sonu\u00e7ta yine bunun uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan sivil MHP unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131larla karakterize oldu. MHP\u2019nin temel stratejisi, \u00f6zellikle ta\u015fra kentlerinde bask\u0131 ve ter\u00f6r yoluyla siyasi hegemonya kurmak, \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde zaten mevcut olan gerilimi Anadolu\u2019ya da yaymakt\u0131. Bu ama\u00e7la \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131 Derne\u011finin yan\u0131nda yeni fa\u015fist kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri kurmaya giri\u015fti. Bunlar aras\u0131nda\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler Derne\u011fi, \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc Teknik Elemanlar Derne\u011fi, Milliyet\u00e7i \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu ve \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc Polisler Birli\u011fi en bilinenleridir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00d6B-DER\u2019e ve CHP\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lara giri\u015filiyor, solun Anadolu kentlerinde giderek artan etkisi \u00f6nlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1976 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ana hedef devrimcilerin etkin oldu\u011fu \u00fcniversiteler ve okullard\u0131. Ocak ay\u0131nda \u0130T\u00dc\u2019de ba\u015flayan sald\u0131r\u0131lar ODT\u00dc ve Hacettepe\u2019de devam etti. Hatta Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi ge\u00e7ici olarak \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerce i\u015fgal edildi. \u0130zmir\u2019de, Eski\u015fehir\u2019de, Adana\u2019da ve Gaziantep\u2019te \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistler devrimci \u00f6\u011frencilere y\u00f6nelik pek \u00e7ok sald\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler.T\u00fcm bu olaylarda polis de \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerle birlikte hareket ediyor, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman da devrimcilerin \u00fczerine ate\u015f a\u00e7arak \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclere destek veriyordu. \u201976 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 geni\u015flemeye, hedef tahtas\u0131na devrimci \u00f6\u011frencilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6nc\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iler ve solcu oldu\u011fu bilinen ki\u015filer de al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Okullar\u0131n yan\u0131nda fabrikalar ve devrimcilerin etkin oldu\u011fu mahalleler de \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 haline gelmi\u015fti. Devrimcilerin oturdu\u011fu evlere
bask\u0131nlar d\u00fczenleniyor, i\u015f\u00e7iler kur\u015funlan\u0131yor, insanlar sokak ortas\u0131nda vuruluyordu. Y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcren fa\u015fist sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n sonucunda 100\u2019den fazla devrimci ve solcu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n

Kontr-gerillayla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r, 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda da olanca h\u0131z\u0131yla devam etti. \u0130lk be\u015f ayda 157 ki\u015fi \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan katledildi. CHP\u2019nin se\u00e7im konvoylar\u0131na ve toplant\u0131lar\u0131na say\u0131s\u0131z bask\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi, hatta Ecevit\u2019in de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu se\u00e7im otob\u00fcs\u00fc tarand\u0131. \u0130\u015f, \u0130zmir havaliman\u0131nda Ecevit\u2019e suikast d\u00fczenlenmesine kadar vard\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Suikast ile ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019un farkl\u0131 yerlerinde bombalama eylemleri d\u00fczenlendi. Ancak provokasyonlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1 May\u0131s 1977\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecekti. D\u0130SK\u2019in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlenen ve 500 bine yak\u0131n insan\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mitingin sonuna do\u011fru kitlenin \u00fczerine yayl\u0131m ate\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, bombalar patlad\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kan karga\u015fada ve a\u00e7\u0131lan ate\u015f sonucu 37 i\u015f\u00e7i hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Olay\u0131n, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist kadrolardan ve \u00d6zel Harp Dairesinden se\u00e7ilerek olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ekiplerce ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve bizzat CIA\u2019n\u0131n da i\u015fin i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu, sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n burjuva devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n en tepesinde bulunan cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve genelkurmay\u0131n da bilgisi dahilinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonradan anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131.[4]
\u00d6n\u00fc al\u0131namaz bir \u015fekilde y\u00fckselen devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin temsilcisi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen D\u0130SK ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fyerleri de MHP\u2019nin ba\u015fl\u0131ca hedefleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u0130sdemir, Seydi\u015fehir Al\u00fcminyum Tesisleri, Tari\u015f, Ata\u015f ve Alia\u011fa rafinerileri, Erdemir ve Ant-Birlik gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin hepsinde devrimci-solcu i\u015f\u00e7ilerle \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistler aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131.Grevlere ve sendika binalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ok say\u0131da sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bindi\u011fi servis otob\u00fcsleri otomatik silahlarla tarand\u0131. Grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u015fadamlar\u0131ndan ciddi yard\u0131mlar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. D\u0130SK\u2019le giri\u015fti\u011fi amans\u0131z m\u00fccadelede MESS i\u00e7in \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerin \u00f6zel bir yeri vard\u0131. Bu ili\u015fkileri sa\u011flayan ki\u015fi ise Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019d\u0131. \u00d6zal,MESS \u00fcyesi i\u015fadamlar\u0131ndan (Halit Narin, Vehbi Ko\u00e7, Sak\u0131p Sabanc\u0131 vb.) para toplayarak bunlar\u0131 T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019e bizzat iletiyor, siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan da MHP\u2019ye yak\u0131n duruyordu.B\u00f6ylelikle 1977 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, T\u00fcrkiye art\u0131k yeni bir d\u00f6nemece giriyordu. 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980\u2019e kadar s\u00fcrecek olan bu d\u00f6nemde siyasetteki t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7ler u\u00e7lara do\u011fru kay\u0131yor,toplumda tam anlam\u0131yla bir safla\u015fma ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Ge\u00e7en her g\u00fcn, i\u00e7ine s\u0131\u011fan olaylar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu, h\u0131z\u0131 ve zaman\u0131n temposu nedeniyle adeta birka\u00e7 y\u0131l gibi ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. K\u0131sacas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devrimci bir durum s\u00f6z konusuydu. Y\u0131llard\u0131r bu tehlikeye kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanan burjuvazi, ordusuyla, polisiyle ve fa\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle devrimci harekete y\u00fckleniyor ve onu bo\u011fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistler solun varoldu\u011fu her yerde onlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor,\u00e7o\u011fu durumda say\u0131ca az olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n devletin kolluk kuvvetlerinin de deste\u011fiyle ve tamamen ter\u00f6r-\u015fiddet y\u00f6ntemleriyle denetimi ele ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201978 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci ter\u00f6r\u00fcn h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6neme\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak tespit etmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Devrimci ve solcu insanlara y\u00f6nelik siyasi cinayetlerin alabildi\u011fine artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, toplu
katliamlar\u0131n ve vah\u015fi bir ter\u00f6r dalgas\u0131n\u0131n her yan\u0131 sard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcrecin iki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131; devrim
ya da kar\u015f\u0131-devrim.<\/p>\n

1977 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda CHP\u2019nin bir gensoruyla 2. MC h\u00fck\u00fcmetini devirmeyi ba\u015farmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda MC h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin toplumsal muhalefeti bast\u0131rmadaki yetersizli\u011finin de bir kan\u0131t\u0131yd\u0131. Ecevit bu kez h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurdu, fakat ne onun devrimci hareketi yolundan sapt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve kitlelere yalanc\u0131 umutlar da\u011f\u0131tan sahte \u201csol\u201d s\u00f6ylemi, ne de burjuvadevleti arkas\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f olan \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist hareketin sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131, toplumun en derinlerinden gelen bu kabar\u0131\u015f\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya yetecekti. Bunun ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Burjuvazinin kontr-gerilla \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcyle birlikte haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 sava\u015f stratejisinin bir uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan MHP\u2019nin ilk eldeki amac\u0131, \u00fclkede genel bir s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edilmesi ve b\u00f6ylece daha otoriter bir rejime giden ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. MHP, bu amac\u0131na uygun olarak dozunu artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fclke geneline yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak, hedef g\u00f6zetmeyen yahut s\u0131radan insanlar\u0131 da hedef tahtas\u0131na oturtan eylemlere a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verecek, en \u00f6nemlisi de kitle katliamlar\u0131na giri\u015fecekti. B\u00f6ylece parlamenter rejimin t\u0131kanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisinin de iktidar orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu fa\u015fist bir rejimin kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f 1978\u2019de 16 Mart katliam\u0131 ile yap\u0131ld\u0131. Beyaz\u0131t\u2019ta \u00fcniversite \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devrimci \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fczerine bomba at\u0131ld\u0131. Olay yerinden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015fan \u00f6\u011frencilere de polis taraf\u0131ndan yayl\u0131m ate\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 7 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc, 100\u2019den fazla insan yaraland\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra \u201cba\u015fbu\u011f\u201d T\u00fcrke\u015f \u0130zmir\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u201d\u00fc ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. [5] Bu a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Malatya, Ad\u0131yaman, Mara\u015f, Tokat, Mu\u015f, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Erzurum, I\u011fd\u0131r ve Urfa gibi bir\u00e7ok orta ve do\u011fu Anadolu kentinde Alevilere ve solculara y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. \u00d6zellikle Alevi ve S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfusun i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde bu ayr\u0131m k\u00f6r\u00fckleniyor, S\u00fcnni kesim \u201cAlevi-kom\u00fcnistlere kar\u015f\u0131 cihada\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131yordu. 17 Nisanda Malatya\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011fc\u0131 belediye
ba\u015fkan\u0131, (sonradan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen) bombal\u0131 bir paketin patlat\u0131lmas\u0131 neticesinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Kentte olu\u015fan gerginlikten faydalanan \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistler muhafazakar halk\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131lar ve solculara-Alevilere ait ev ve i\u015fyerleri tahrip edilmeye,yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Gerici-fa\u015fist g\u00fcruh, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cAlevi-kom\u00fcnistleri\u201d lin\u00e7 ediyor, kimisini de orac\u0131kta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Ankara Balgat\u2019ta devrimcilerin gitti\u011fi d\u00f6rt kahvehane ard\u0131 ard\u0131na tarand\u0131,Mamak\u2019ta bir belediye otob\u00fcs\u00fc ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde otomatik silahlarla yayl\u0131m ate\u015fine tutuldu. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda bu kez Sivas\u2019ta \u201ckom\u00fcnistler camiyi bombalad\u0131\u201d diyerek yap\u0131lan provokasyon sonucu,bir\u00e7ok Alevi-solcu insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlendi. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar gittik\u00e7e profesyonelle\u015fiyor ve planl\u0131 hale geliyor, \u00e7evre illerden getirilen \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistlerle takviyeler yap\u0131l\u0131yor, hatta polisten ve ordudan destek al\u0131narak silah ve cephane \u00f6nceden temin ediliyordu. 9 Ekim 1978\u2019de Ankara Bah\u00e7elievler\u2019de T\u0130P \u00fcyesi 7 gen\u00e7, telle bo\u011fularak hunharca katledildi. Eylemi, 16 Mart katliam\u0131n\u0131 da y\u00f6neten \u00dcGD genel ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131
Abdullah \u00c7atl\u0131 bizzat organize etmi\u015fti. Katliamda, \u201c\u0130di Amin\u201d lakapl\u0131 fa\u015fist katil Haluk K\u0131rc\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eylem sonras\u0131 yakalanan ve su\u00e7unu itiraf eden Haluk K\u0131rc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir g\u00fcn sonra, Abdullah \u00c7atl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ise ifadesi al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yakalanamayan di\u011fer katillerin daha sonra da pek \u00e7ok cinayette tetik\u00e7ilik yapmalar\u0131 ise, devletin bu fa\u015fist sald\u0131r\u0131lardaki su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biriydi. Fa\u015fist MHP\u2019nin burjuva devletin i\u00e7 sava\u015f ayg\u0131t\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc katliam ve
provokasyonlar\u0131n ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmiyordu. S\u0131radan insanlar\u0131n da hedef haline getirilmesi ve her g\u00fcn onlarca insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 bu sald\u0131r\u0131larda kaybetmesi, toplumda can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorununun yak\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde hissedilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve kitlelerde biran \u00f6nce d\u00fczenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 iste\u011fini uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. MHP s\u00fcrekli olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmetteki CHP\u2019yi su\u00e7luyor ve s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larda bulunuyordu. B\u00f6ylece parlamenter rejimin \u201canar\u015fi ve ter\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d \u00f6nleyemedi\u011fini g\u00f6stererek fa\u015fist rejimi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale getirmeye u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yordu. Burada tamam\u0131n\u0131 sayamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kadar \u00e7ok sald\u0131r\u0131 ve provokasyon ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren MHP\u2019nin \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm listesi\u201d gittik\u00e7e geni\u015fliyor, bir\u00e7ok ilerici-demokrat ayd\u0131n ve tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi de fa\u015fist ter\u00f6rden nasibini al\u0131yordu. Bu arada AP de, MHP ile girdi\u011fi kirli ittifak \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u201cKars kalesine orakl\u0131-\u00e7eki\u00e7li k\u0131z\u0131l bayrak \u00e7ekildi\u011fi\u201d s\u00f6ylentisini vesile ederek t\u00fcm \u00fclkede \u201cbayrak mitingleri\u201d ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kampanya, MHP\u2019nin elini olduk\u00e7a rahatlatt\u0131 ve fa\u015fist s\u00f6ylemin kitlelerde yank\u0131 bulmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0131l boyunca 23 ilde gerici ayaklanmalar ya\u015fand\u0131 ve toplam 1072 insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n

Ancak MHP\u2019yi amac\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131ran ve ter\u00f6r dalgas\u0131n\u0131n zirvesini olu\u015fturan eylem, 19 Aral\u0131k 1978\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek olan Mara\u015f katliam\u0131yd\u0131. Sovyet aleyhtar\u0131 bir filmin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sinema salonu \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistlerce bombaland\u0131 ve galeyana getirilen kalabal\u0131k sloganlar e\u015fli\u011finde, Alevilerin ve solcular\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 semtlere do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede t\u00fcm kente yay\u0131ld\u0131. Fa\u015fist ve gerici g\u00fcruh, kad\u0131n, \u00e7oluk-\u00e7ocukdemeden insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye, diri diri yakmaya, \u0131rza ge\u00e7meye, baltalarla ve sat\u0131rlarla par\u00e7alamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Hastaneler bile ku\u015fat\u0131larak yaral\u0131lar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor, insanlar\u0131n toplu halde bulundu\u011fu mek\u00e2nlar ate\u015fe verilerek, otomatik silahlarla taran\u0131yordu. Vali soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 ilan etmesine ra\u011fmen sald\u0131rgan g\u00fcruh durmad\u0131. Polis olaya seyirci kal\u0131yor, askerler ise k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yordu. 5 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren katliam s\u0131ras\u0131nda 200\u2019\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde insan katledildi, 500\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n ki\u015fi de yaraland\u0131. Mara\u015f katliam\u0131, Nazi vah\u015fetini bile aratmayan y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rpmadan \u00f6ld\u00fcren, hamile kad\u0131n ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 bile sat\u0131rlarla do\u011frayan, \u0130slam\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 sayamayanlar\u0131 \u00fczerlerine benzin d\u00f6kerek yakan fa\u015fist barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l kanl\u0131 bir provokasyonun par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu apa\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Son derece kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve (CIA, M\u0130T ve \u00d6zel Harp Dairesi ile birlikte) \u00f6nceden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir plana g\u00f6re
y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu katliam sonucunda fa\u015fist MHP amac\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Ecevit h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 13 ilde s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki, beklentilerinin aksine s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin ilan\u0131 fa\u015fist g\u00fc\u00e7leri tatmin etmedi. Fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r ve k\u0131y\u0131mlar \u00fclkeyi bir cehenneme \u00e7evirse de, devrimci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin anti-fa\u015fist direni\u015fi daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle Mara\u015f katliam\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kitlelerde MHP\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi bir tepki olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. \u00d6te yandan MHP, Demirel\u2019in 1979\u2019da kurdu\u011fu az\u0131nl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmetine (3. MC olarak an\u0131lacakt\u0131) d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan verdi\u011fi deste\u011fe ra\u011fmen burjuvazinin kendisini bir iktidar alternatifi olarak g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini iyiden iyiye hissetmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durumda MHP a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iktidara gelmenin tek yolu kal\u0131yordu, o da \u201cyetki ve sorumlulu\u011fun askeri y\u00f6netime devredilece\u011fi\u201d bir darbe yoluyla iktidara ortak olmakt\u0131. Ordunun i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelmesi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok \u00e7aba sarfeden kendisi oldu\u011fundan, b\u00f6ylesi bir fa\u015fist rejimin hayata ge\u00e7mesi halinde MHP\u2019ye ortakl\u0131k teklif edilece\u011fine dair parti i\u00e7inde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir inan\u00e7 besleniyordu. Bu y\u00fczden MHP y\u00f6netimi, biryandan ordu i\u00e7indeki MHP yanl\u0131s\u0131 subaylarla (ba\u015fta General Nurettin Ersin olmak \u00fczere)ili\u015fkileri sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmaya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verirken di\u011fer yandan da s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin bile yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissiyat\u0131n\u0131 uyand\u0131racak k\u00f6r bir ter\u00f6r dalgas\u0131yla toplumu alt\u00fcst etmeye y\u00f6nelik faaliyetlere giri\u015fecekti.<\/p>\n

1979 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde de bir\u00e7ok fa\u015fist sald\u0131r\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda haf\u0131zalara kaz\u0131nan birisi Ankara Piyangotepe katliam\u0131yd\u0131. 16 May\u0131s 1979 gecesi, Piyangotepe semtinde \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler solcular\u0131n gitti\u011fi bir kahveyi tarayarak 7 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve 10 ki\u015fiyi yaralam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r, \u015fiddetini artt\u0131rarak 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda da y\u00fckseli\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Fa\u015fistler ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 devrimcileri naylon iplerle, tellerle bo\u011farak insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fkencelerle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, tecav\u00fcz ediyor, cesetlerini \u00e7uvallara koyup bo\u015f arazilere b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc hareketin \u00f6nemli liderlerinden G\u00fcn Sazak\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine t\u00fcm \u00fclkede kanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, gerici ayaklanmalar, boykotlar d\u00fczenlendi. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fist kadrolar\u0131n giri\u015ftikleri \u015fiddet eylemleri,MHP liderli\u011finin bile kontrol\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Temmuz ay\u0131nda Fatsa\u2019da ve \u00c7orum\u2019da \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc-fa\u015fistler devletin kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle birlikte devrimcilere kar\u015f\u0131 yine i\u015fba\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Milletvekillerinden profes\u00f6rlere, gazetecilerden cumhuriyet savc\u0131lar\u0131na kadar pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi suikastlar sonucu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Kurbanlardan birisi de D\u0130SK genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kemal T\u00fcrkler\u2019di. T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin \u00f6nderlerinden Kemal T\u00fcrkler, 20 Temmuz 1980\u2019de u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 sonucu hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. \u0130stanbul\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen cenaze t\u00f6renine 1 milyona yak\u0131n insan kat\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkler\u2019in ve daha pek \u00e7ok fa\u015fizm kurban\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm emrini ise bizzat \u201cba\u015fbu\u011f\u201d T\u00fcrke\u015f vermi\u015fti. Sonu\u00e7 olarak 1970-80 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, devrimcilerden, solculardan ve \u00f6nc\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fan 4000\u2019den fazla insan fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn kurban\u0131 oldu. MHP, bu on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva ve l\u00fcmpen kesimleri \u00f6rg\u00fctleyip askerile\u015ftirmi\u015f, burjuva d\u00fczenin kontr-gerilla gibi gizli g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n militan grevlerini k\u0131rmak, \u00f6nde gelen temsilcilerine sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemek ve genelde pek \u00e7ok devrimciyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek \u00fczere harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve bu anlamda \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015feni fazlas\u0131yla yerine getirmi\u015fti. Devrimci hareket a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bil\u00e2n\u00e7o a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal ve toplumsal gerilim,kriz i\u00e7indeki burjuvazinin istedi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde bir askeri-fa\u015fist darbe i\u00e7in gerekli ortam\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nihayet 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 g\u00fcn\u00fc ordu fa\u015fist darbeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, MHP\u2019yi de d\u0131\u015flayan bir askeri-fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bizzat kurdu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emperyalist-kapitalist sistemin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ekonomik kriz ve bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak gittik\u00e7e k\u0131z\u0131\u015fan emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m kavgas\u0131, istisnas\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn burjuva devletleri bir i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlanmaya itiyor. Militarizm ve silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm kapitalist devletleri i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekiyor ve \u015fiddetlenen \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki emperyalist-kapitalist sistem gericile\u015ferek sald\u0131rganla\u015f\u0131yor. Pek \u00e7ok kapitalist \u00fclkede pe\u015f pe\u015fe bask\u0131c\u0131 yasalar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2862","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-milliyetcilik"},"yoast_head":"\n\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-Fa\u015fist Hareketin Tarihi (1.B\u00f6l\u00fcm) | Kerem Da\u011fl\u0131 - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/09\/ulkucu-fasist-hareketin-tarihi-1bolum-kerem-dagli\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc-Fa\u015fist Hareketin Tarihi (1.B\u00f6l\u00fcm) | Kerem Da\u011fl\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emperyalist-kapitalist sistemin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ekonomik kriz ve bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak gittik\u00e7e k\u0131z\u0131\u015fan emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m kavgas\u0131, istisnas\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn burjuva devletleri bir i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlanmaya itiyor. Militarizm ve silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm kapitalist devletleri i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekiyor ve \u015fiddetlenen \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki emperyalist-kapitalist sistem gericile\u015ferek sald\u0131rganla\u015f\u0131yor. 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Militarizm ve silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm kapitalist devletleri i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekiyor ve \u015fiddetlenen \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki emperyalist-kapitalist sistem gericile\u015ferek sald\u0131rganla\u015f\u0131yor. 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