{"id":2897,"date":"2009-12-21T10:10:38","date_gmt":"2009-12-21T07:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2009\/12\/21\/20-yuezylda-muezik\/"},"modified":"2009-12-21T10:10:38","modified_gmt":"2009-12-21T07:10:38","slug":"20-yuezylda-muezik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/21\/20-yuezylda-muezik\/","title":{"rendered":"20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’da M\u00fczik"},"content":{"rendered":"

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l m\u00fczikte yeni aray\u0131\u015flar d\u00f6nemi oldu. Fransa’da Claude Debussy ve Maurice Ravel piyano ve orkestra i\u00e7in yazd\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131tlarda al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir armoni ve tonalite kullanarak resimde boya ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen etkiyi m\u00fczikte yaratmakla \u0130zlenimcilik Ak\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca temsilcileri oldular . Frans\u0131z Erik Satie ve Francis Poulenc, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l m\u00fczi\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck orkestralar kullanarak yal\u0131n, ama \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 melodiler ve uyumsuz (disonant) akoriarla \u00f6nc\u00fc (avant-garde) m\u00fczik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. \u00d6nc\u00fc m\u00fczi\u011fin ABD’deki ba\u015fl\u0131ca temsilcileri Horatio Parker ve Charles Edvvard Ives’di. <\/p>\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015ffndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra geli\u015fen radyo yay\u0131nlar\u0131 m\u00fcziksever dinleyicilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rd\u0131. Pop m\u00fczik, varyete, m\u00fczikal komedi ve caz m\u00fczi\u011fi geni\u015f halk kitleleri aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131. Bu m\u00fczik t\u00fcrleri George Gershwin, Jero-me Kern ve Cole Porter gibi bestecilerle en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131. 1970’lerde ve 1980lerde \u00f6nde gelen \u00f6teki besteciler Leo-nard Bernstein, Andrevv Lloyd Webber, Aa-roo Copland’d\u0131. <\/p>\n

20, y\u00fczy\u0131lda klasik m\u00fczikteki en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme, Avusturyal\u0131 besteci Arnold Sch\u00f6nberg’ in b\u00fct\u00fcn armoni ve melodi kurallar\u0131n\u0131 alt\u00fcst ederek, atonalite denen anahtars\u0131z sistemi ge-li\u015ftirmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u00d6\u011frencileri Alban Berg ve Anton von Webern onu izleyerek operalar, senfoniler, oda m\u00fczikleri ve \u015fark\u0131lar yazd\u0131lar. Sch\u00f6nberg’in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile baz\u0131 kulaklara yabanc\u0131 gelen bu sistemi dizisel sistem ve 12 ton (ya da 12 nota) sistemi olarak bilinir. <\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki b\u00fcy\u00fck bestecilerin \u00e7o\u011fu hi\u00e7bir ak\u0131ma ba\u011flanmadan \u00f6zg\u00fcn m\u00fczik yazan bestecilerdi. Bu bestecilerin \u00f6nde gelenleri Rus \u0130gor Stravinski, Sergey Prokofyev ve Di-mitri \u015eostakovi\u00e7, Alman Paul Hindemith, Kurt Weill ve Karlheinz Stockhausen, \u0130talyan Luigi Dallapiccola ve Luciano Berio, Frans\u0131z Olivier Messiaen, \u0130ngiliz Benjamin Britten ve Michael Tippett’tir. Stockhausen ve Frans\u0131z Edgard Varese 1950’lerde ve 1960’larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan elektronik m\u00fczi\u011fin \u00f6nc\u00fcleridir. 1970’lerde ve 1980’lerde basit armoni ve melodi kal\u0131plar\u0131yla tek bir motifin \u00fcst \u00fcste yinelenmesine dayanan minimalist (indirgemeci) m\u00fczik ak\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015fti. Bu ak\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen adlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ABDli Steve Reich ve Philip Glass say\u0131labilir. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n bir ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc bestecisi de ABDli John Cage’dir. Belirsizlik ilkesine dayanarak rastlant\u0131sal m\u00fczik t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc geli\u015ftiren \u00f6nc\u00fc besteci Cage’e g\u00f6re, sessizlik bile tek basma m\u00fczik olabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l m\u00fczikte yeni aray\u0131\u015flar d\u00f6nemi oldu. Fransa’da Claude Debussy ve Maurice Ravel piyano ve orkestra i\u00e7in yazd\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131tlarda al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir armoni ve tonalite kullanarak resimde boya ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen etkiyi m\u00fczikte yaratmakla \u0130zlenimcilik Ak\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca temsilcileri oldular . Frans\u0131z Erik Satie ve Francis Poulenc, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l m\u00fczi\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck orkestralar kullanarak yal\u0131n, ama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2897","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-muzik-genel-kultur"},"yoast_head":"\n20. 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