{"id":3598,"date":"2009-12-29T12:47:19","date_gmt":"2009-12-29T09:47:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2009\/12\/29\/aruz-olcusu\/"},"modified":"2009-12-29T12:47:19","modified_gmt":"2009-12-29T09:47:19","slug":"aruz-olcusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/29\/aruz-olcusu\/","title":{"rendered":"ARUZ \u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcS\u00dc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aruz, Arap\u00e7a bir kelimedir ve “\u00c7ad\u0131r\u0131n ortas\u0131na dikilen direk” anlam\u0131na gelir. Bir edebiyat terimi olarak “hecelerin uzunluk ve k\u0131sal\u0131klar\u0131 temeline dayanan naz\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc” demektir.<\/p>\n

1. Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ilk olarak Arap edebiyat\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra \u0130ran Edebiyat\u0131’na ge\u00e7en bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren T\u00fcrk \u015fairlerince de uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. Rahat kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bol miktarda uzun heceye ihtiyac\u0131 olan bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc, asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin kelime yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden Aruzu ilk defa kullanan Karahanl\u0131lar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin kelimelerini bozarak k\u0131sa heceleri uzun okuma yoluna gitmi\u015flerdir. Zamanla bu da yeterli olmam\u0131\u015f; \u015fairler, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a kelimeleri s\u0131k s\u0131k kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durum, T\u00fcrk dilinin kelime hazinesinin giderek yabanc\u0131 kelimelerle dolmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece \u015fairlerin g\u00fczel kullan\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan mahrum kalan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, anlam ve kavram bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yoksulla\u015fma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yabanc\u0131 kelime ve kavramlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi zaman g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dil olmu\u015ftur. Aruzla birlikte, halk aras\u0131nda ya\u015famaya devam eden milli \u015fiir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcz hece, bu yoksulla\u015fmay\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde durdurmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kendi gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

3.1908’den sonra \u015fairler aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan aruz hece tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, hecenin zaferi ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f; ancak Divan Edebiyat\u0131 naz\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan aruzun da art\u0131k bir T\u00fcrk \u015fiir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

4. Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc daha \u00e7ok Divan Edebiyat\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5. Aruzla yaz\u0131lan ilk T\u00fcrk eseri Yusuf Has Hacib’in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kutadgu Bilig’dir.<\/p>\n

6. Aruz XI. as\u0131rdan beri heceyle beraber kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc zamanla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye en iyi \u015fekilde uygulanm\u0131\u015f. Mehmet \u00c2kif Ersoy, Yahya Kem\u00e2l Beyatl\u0131, Faruk Nafiz \u00c7aml\u0131bel gibi \u015fairlerimizin elinde ustal\u0131kla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Not: Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli, hecelerin uzun ve k\u0131sa olmalar\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fine dayan\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nce m\u0131sradaki hecelerin de\u011ferinin tespit edilmesi gerekir. Aruz vezninde heceler iki \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k \/ k\u0131sa heceler ( . ) ( v ) | Kapal\u0131 \/ uzun heceler ( – )
1.A\u00e7\u0131k \/ k\u0131sa heceler :<\/p>\n

1. \u00dcnl\u00fclerle biten hecelerdir.
2. Bu heceler aruz incelemesinde ( . ) ve ( v ) i\u015faretleriyle g\u00f6sterilir.
3. A\u00e7\u0131k – k\u0131sa hecelerin ses de\u011ferleri “yar\u0131m” kabul edilir.
2. Kapal\u0131 \/ uzun heceler: Tam ses de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131yan hecelerdir.<\/p>\n

1. \u00dcns\u00fczlerle ve dilimize Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a’dan ge\u00e7mi\u015f uzun \u00fcnl\u00fcler (\u00e2, \u00ee, \u00fb )’le biten hecelerdir.
2. Bu heceler aruz incelemesinde (-) i\u015faretiyle g\u00f6sterilir.
3. Kapal\u0131- uzun hecelerin ses de\u011feri “tam”d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Not 1: Arap\u00e7a ve gelme Fars\u00e7a’dan gelme uzun \u00fcnl\u00fclerle kurulan ( \u00e2b, \u00fbl.) gibi iki sesli hecelerle; ( r\u00fby, r\u00fby, c\u00fby.) gibi \u00fc\u00e7 sesliler yerine g\u00f6re, aruzda bir bu\u00e7uk hece de\u011ferinde tutulur ve (- . ) i\u015faretiyle g\u00f6sterilir. Yine bu dillerden gelen iki \u00fcns\u00fcz biti\u015fik d\u00fczende olan (a\u015fk, ahd.) gibi heceler de, yerine g\u00f6re bir bu\u00e7uk hece de\u011ferinde kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Not 2: dize sonundaki b\u00fct\u00fcn heceler uzun – kapal\u0131 ( – ) hece kabul edilir. Yani dize sonundaki ses ister uzun ister k\u0131sa olsun, mutlaka uzundur.<\/p>\n

1- Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde heceler a\u00e7\u0131k (k\u0131sa), kapal\u0131 (uzun) ve medli (uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) hece olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2- Ba\u015fl\u0131ca tef’ileler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Fa’ (-)
Fe ul (. -)
Fa’ l\u00fcn (- -)
Fe i l\u00fcn (. . -)
F\u00e2 i l\u00fcn (- . -)
Fe \u00fb l\u00fcn (. – -)
Mef \u00fb l\u00fc (- – .)
Fe i l\u00e2 t\u00fcn (. . – -)
F\u00e2 i l\u00e2 t\u00fcn (- . – -)
F\u00e2 i l\u00e2 t\u00fc (- . – .)
Me f\u00e2 i l\u00fcn (. – . -)
Me f\u00e2 \u00ee l\u00fcn (. – – -)
Me f\u00e2 \u00ee l\u00fc (. – – .)
M\u00fcf te i l\u00fcn (- . . -)
M\u00fcs tef i l\u00fcn (- – . -)
M\u00fc te f\u00e2 i l\u00fcn (. . – . -).<\/p>\n

Burada tef’ilelerle parantez i\u00e7indeki hecelerinin de\u011ferlerinin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funa dikkat ediniz.<\/p>\n

Bu temel par\u00e7alar\u0131n birle\u015fmesinden 8 ana kal\u0131p ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:
1.fa’\u00fbl\u00fcn (fe’\u00fbl\u00fcn) (._ _)
2.f\u00e2’il\u00fcn, f\u00e2’il\u00e2t (_._)
3.mef\u00e2’il\u00fcn (._._)
4.f\u00e2’il\u00e2t\u00fcn (_._ _)
5.m\u00fcstef’il\u00fcn (_ _._)
6.mef’\u00fbl\u00e2t\u00fc (_ _ _ .)
7.m\u00fcf\u00e2’alet\u00fcn (._.._)
8.m\u00fctef\u00e2’il\u00fcn (.._._)<\/p>\n

Her beyitte en az d\u00f6rd\u00fc bulunan bu par\u00e7alara tef’il, tef’ile ya da c\u00fcz ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

3- Aruz vezninde tef’ileler heceleri b\u00f6lebilir. Hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcndeki gibi okuyu\u015fta tef’ilelerde durgu yap\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

4- Aruz vezninde hecelerin k\u0131sal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uzunlu\u011fu esas oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimeler k\u0131sa oldu\u011fu halde vezin gere\u011fi uzun okunur; buna imale denir. \u0130male k\u0131sa heceyi uzun yapar. Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a kelimelerdeki baz\u0131 uzun seslerin vezin gere\u011fi k\u0131sa okunmas\u0131na da zihaf denir. Zihaf ise imalenin tersine uzun heceyi k\u0131sa yapmay\u0131 sa\u011flar. Hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde b\u00f6yle bir mesele yoktur. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda imale \u00e7ok say\u0131da bulunmakla beraber zihaf kusuru ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5- Fars\u00e7a tamlama eki olan “-i” ile “ve” anlam\u0131ndaki “\u00fc, v\u00fc” ba\u011flac\u0131 vezin gere\u011fi uzun da k\u0131sa da olabilir.<\/p>\n

6- Medli heceler hafif bir “i, \u0131” sesi varm\u0131\u015f gibi okunur. Bah\u00e2r kelimesi bah\u00e2r[\u0131], e\u015fkden kelimesi ise e\u015fk[i]den \u015feklinde s\u00f6ylenmelidir.<\/p>\n

7- Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00fcn kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlerde ilk tef’ile baz\u0131 m\u0131sralarda F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn, son tef’ile ise Fa’l\u00fcn olabilir. Bu sadece bu kal\u0131ba \u00f6zg\u00fc bir durumdur. Bu kal\u0131pla yaz\u0131lan \u015fiirlerde ba\u015fta imale yapmaya gerek yoktur. Farkl\u0131 tef’ile parantez i\u00e7inde hemen alt\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n

8- T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelimelerle aruz veznindeki ba\u015far\u0131 Muallim Naci ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olup T\u00fcrk aruzu Tevfik Fikret, Yahya Kemal Beyatl\u0131 ve Mehmet \u00c2kif Ersoy taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Hatta Mehmet \u00c2kif o kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur ki bir \u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mar\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zanneder. Oysa bu mar\u015f aruzun “Fe i l\u00e2 t\u00fcn \/ Fe i l\u00e2 t\u00fcn \/Fe i l\u00e2 t\u00fcn \/Fe i l\u00fcn” kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

9- Aruzla yaz\u0131lan bir \u015fiirin hece say\u0131s\u0131 bazan e\u015fit olabilir. M\u0131sralardaki a\u00e7\u0131k kapal\u0131 dizili\u015finin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 o \u015fiirin aruzla yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2n\u0131 c\u00e2n\u00e2n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00e2r\u0131m\u0131 als\u0131n da H\u00fcd\u00e2 (15 hece)
Etmesin tek vatan\u0131mdan beni d\u00fcnyada c\u00fcd\u00e2 (15 hece)<\/p>\n

10- Sessiz bir harfle biten kelime vezin gere\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekirse, kendinden sonra sesli ile ba\u015flayan bir hece varsa birinci kelimenin sonundaki harf, ikinci kelimenin ilk hecesine ulan\u0131r. Buna ulama denir. Ulama kapal\u0131 heceyi a\u00e7\u0131k yapar. Ulama genellikle yap\u0131l\u0131r; fakat her zaman yap\u0131lmak mecburiyetinde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

11- Servet-i F\u00fcnun edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bir \u015fiirde de\u011fi\u015fik aruz kal\u0131plar\u0131 kullanmak suretiyle serbest vezne zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Cenap \u015eahabetin’in “Elh\u00e2n-\u0131 \u015eita” adl\u0131 \u015fiiri bu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015fiirdeki baz\u0131 m\u0131sralar Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Mef\u00e2il\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00fcn, baz\u0131 m\u0131sralar ise Mef’\u00fbl\u00fc \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fc \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fc \/ Fe\u00fbl\u00fcn kal\u0131b\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

12- Bir \u015fiirin vezni en az iki m\u0131sradan hareket ederek bulunabilir. Tek m\u0131sraa bakarak vezin bulunmaz.<\/p>\n

13- Bir \u015fiirin vezni bulunurken \u015fu i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

a) Veznini bulaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u0131sralar\u0131n hecelerindeki uzun seslilere dikkat ederek yazmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

b) \u00d6nce m\u0131sralardaki hecelerin a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131 kapal\u0131 m\u0131 olduklar\u0131 tesbit edilir.<\/p>\n

c) Medli hece olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle kontrol edilmelidir. Bu ihmal edilirse bir m\u0131sradaki hece de\u011feri eksik \u00e7\u0131kar. M\u0131sralardaki heceler say\u0131larak medli hece olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir ipucu yakalayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

d) Hecelerin a\u00e7\u0131k kapal\u0131 de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kontrol edilir. \u00d6nce imk\u00e2n varsa ulama, yoksa imale yap\u0131l\u0131r. Zihaf \u00e7ok az bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in en sonra o ihtimal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

e) Hecelerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra a\u00e7\u0131k kapal\u0131 de\u011ferleri \u00e7izgi ve nokta \u015feklinde ayr\u0131 bir yere ge\u00e7ilir. M\u0131sra say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re tef’ile say\u0131s\u0131 tahmin edilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. \u0130lk tef’ile en az heceden olu\u015fur. Genelde az heceli Fa’, Fe i l\u00fcn, F\u00e2 i l\u00fcn gibi tef’ileler sonda bulunur.<\/p>\n

f) Yaz\u0131lan aruz kal\u0131b\u0131 ile i\u015faretler aras\u0131nda uyum olmas\u0131na dikkat etmelidir.
ARUZ KALIPLARIYLA \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 UYGULAMALAR<\/p>\n

1. F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ F\u00e2il\u00fcn<\/p>\n

Sa\u00e7ma ey g\u00f6\/z e\u015fk[i]den g\u00f6n \/ l\u00fcmdeki od \/ lare su<\/p>\n

_ . _ _ \/ _ . _ _ \/ _ . _ _ \/ _ . _<\/p>\n

Kim bu denl\u00fc \/ tutu\u015fan od \/ lare k\u0131lmaz \/ \u00e7\u00e2re su<\/p>\n

_ . _ _ \/ _ . _ _ \/ _ . _ _ \/ _ . _ Fuz\u00fbl\u00ee<\/p>\n

2. F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ F\u00e2il\u00fcn<\/p>\n

Dinle neyden \/ kim hik\u00e2yet \/ etmede<\/p>\n

_ . _ _ \/ _ . _ _ \/ _ . _<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131l\u0131klar \/ dan \u015fik\u00e2yet \/ etmede<\/p>\n

_ . _ _ \/ _ . _ _ \/ _ . _ Nahif\u00ee<\/p>\n

3. Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00fcn<\/p>\n

(F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn) (Fa’l\u00fcn)<\/p>\n

Hani ol g\u00fcl \/ g\u00fclerek gel \/ di\u011fi demler \/ \u015fimdi<\/p>\n

. . _ _ \/ . . _ _ \/ . . _ _ \/ _ _<\/p>\n

A\u011flar\u0131m h\u00e2 \/ t\u0131ra geldik \/ \u00e7e g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck \/ lerimiz<\/p>\n

_ . _ _ \/ . . _ _ \/ . . _ _ \/ . . _ M\u00e2hir<\/p>\n

4. Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00fcn<\/p>\n

(F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fcn) (Fa’l\u00fcn)<\/p>\n

Ne S\u00fcleym\u00e2n \/ ne Sel\u00eem’in \/ kuluyuz<\/p>\n

. . _ _ \/ . . _ _ \/ . . _<\/p>\n

Hazret-i Rab \/ b-i rah\u00eemin \/ kuluyuz<\/p>\n

_ . _ _ \/ . . _ _ \/ . . _ Esrar Dede<\/p>\n

5. Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fcn \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fcn \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fcn \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fcn<\/p>\n

An\u0131 ho\u015f tut \/ gar\u00eebindir \/ efendi i\u015f \/ te biz gittik<\/p>\n

. _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _<\/p>\n

G\u00f6n\u00fcl derler \/ ser-i k\u00fbyun \/ da bir d\u00eev\u00e2 \/ nemiz kald\u0131<\/p>\n

. _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _ (Hay\u00e2l\u00ee)<\/p>\n

6. Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fcn \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fcn \/ Fe\u00fbl\u00fcn<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7er firkat \/ zam\u00e2n\u0131 b\u00f6y \/ le kalmaz<\/p>\n

. _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _ \/ . _ _<\/p>\n

Sa\u011f olsun sev \/ di\u011fim Mevl\u00e2 \/ kerimdir<\/p>\n

. _ _ _ \/ . _ _ _ \/ . _ _ N\u00e2il\u00ee<\/p>\n

7. Mef\u00e2il\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00e2t\u00fcn \/ Mef\u00e2il\u00fcn \/ Feil\u00fcn<\/p>\n

Cih\u00e2nda \u00e2 \/ \u015f\u0131k-\u0131 mehc\u00fb \/ r[\u0131) sanma r\u00e2 \/ hat olur<\/p>\n

. _ . _ \/ . . _ _ \/ . _ _ _ \/ _ . _<\/p>\n

Neler \u00e7eker \/ bu g\u00f6n\u00fcl s\u00f6y \/ lesem \u015fik\u00e2 \/ yet olur<\/p>\n

. _ . _ \/ . . _ _ \/ . _ . _ \/ _ . _ \u015eeyh\u00fclisl\u00e2m Yahya<\/p>\n

8. Mef’\u00fbl\u00fc \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fc \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fc \/ Fe\u00fbl\u00fcn<\/p>\n

A\u011flatma \/ yacakt\u0131n yo \/ la bakt\u0131rma \/ yacakt\u0131n<\/p>\n

_ _ . \/ . _ _ . \/ . _ _ . \/ . _ _<\/p>\n

Ol va’de \/ -i tekr\u00e2r[\u0131] \/ -be-tekr\u00e2r\u0131 \/ unutma<\/p>\n

_ _ . \/ . _ _ . \/ . _ _ . \/ . _ _ Esrar Dede<\/p>\n

9. Mef’\u00fbl\u00fc \/ F\u00e2il\u00e2t\u00fc \/ Mef\u00e2\u00eel\u00fc \/ F\u00e2il\u00fcn<\/p>\n

G\u00fcl hasre \/ tinle yolla \/ ra tutsun ku \/ la\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/p>\n

_ _ . \/ _ . _ . \/ . _ _ . \/ _ . _<\/p>\n

Nergis gi \/ bi k\u0131y\u00e2me \/ te dek \u00e7eksi \/ n intizar<\/p>\n

_ _ . \/. _ _ . \/ . _ _ . \/ _ . _ B\u00e2k\u00ee<\/p>\n

———————————————————————–<\/p>\n

Aruz, Arap Edebiyat\u0131’nda manzum s\u00f6zlerdeki ahenk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini \u00f6\u011freten ilmin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Hecelerin uzunluk ve k\u0131sal\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir vezindir. Bu vezin Arap’lardan \u0130ran’l\u0131lara, onlardan da bize ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ranl\u0131lar \u0130sl\u00e2miyet’i kabul edince, Arap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de b\u00fcy\u00fck tesiri alt\u0131nda kald\u0131lar. \u015eiirde, Arap’lar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 naz\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olan aruz’u kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ancak Arap’lar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi kabul etmediler. Kendilerine g\u00f6re bir ay\u0131klamaya tabi tutarak kulaklar\u0131na ho\u015f, tabiatlar\u0131na uygun gelenleri se\u00e7tiler ve kulland\u0131lar. Aruz vezni, 5-11 inci y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Hakaniye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi’ne, 7-13 \u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi’ne, 8-14 \u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00c7a\u011fatay ve Azeri T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi’ne girmi\u015f ve zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar bir \u00e7ok \u015fiirler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

11-17 inci y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131 ve sonras\u0131 bu vezinde edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n (Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi d\u00f6nemi) baz\u0131 aruz \u015fairleri ile baz\u0131 halk \u015fairleri birbirlerinden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak etkilendiler. Bir k\u0131s\u0131m divan \u015fairleri hece vezniyle, bir k\u0131s\u0131m saz \u015fairleri de aruz vezniyle \u015fiirler s\u00f6ylediler. Milli Edebiyat d\u00f6neminde ve zaman\u0131m\u0131zda ise \u015fairler aruz veznini b\u0131rakarak hece veznine ve serbest tarza y\u00f6neldiler.<\/p>\n

Aruzda heceler uzun ve k\u0131sa olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Uzun heceler \u00e7izgi (-), k\u0131sa heceler nokta (.) ile g\u00f6sterilir. Uzun ve k\u0131sa heceler \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde yan yana gelerek kal\u0131plar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu kal\u0131plar yan yana geli\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine g\u00f6re, failat\u00fcn, fail\u00fcn, mefail\u00fcn ve benzeri de\u011fi\u015fik adlarla an\u0131l\u0131r. Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle \u015fiir yazmak i\u00e7in s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri bu kal\u0131plara uydurmak gerekir. Aruzda s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri ses \u00f6zelliklerini bozmadan kullanmak her zaman olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden heceleri kimi zaman uzun, kimi zaman da k\u0131sa okumak gerekir. S\u0131k rastlanan bu iki duruma imale (uzun okuma) ve zihaf (k\u0131sa okuma) denir. Zihaf, aruzda kusur say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcndeki duraklar yoktur. Dizelerdeki hece say\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fit olmayabilir. Dize sonlar\u0131ndaki heceler k\u0131sa da olsa uzun kabul edilir. Aruzda bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck sessiz biter, ondan sonra gelen s\u00f6zc\u00fck sesli harfle ba\u015flarsa, bu sesli harf birinci s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonundaki sessiz harfi kendisine \u00e7eker. B\u00f6ylece birinci s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonundaki sesiz harfle biten uzun hece k\u0131sa hece durumuna gelir. Bu duruma da vasl (ulama) denir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aruz, Arap\u00e7a bir kelimedir ve “\u00c7ad\u0131r\u0131n ortas\u0131na dikilen direk” anlam\u0131na gelir. Bir edebiyat terimi olarak “hecelerin uzunluk ve k\u0131sal\u0131klar\u0131 temeline dayanan naz\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc” demektir. 1. Aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ilk olarak Arap edebiyat\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra \u0130ran Edebiyat\u0131’na ge\u00e7en bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren T\u00fcrk \u015fairlerince de uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2. Rahat kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bol miktarda uzun heceye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-siir-uzerine-bilgiler"],"yoast_head":"\nARUZ \u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcS\u00dc - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/12\/29\/aruz-olcusu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ARUZ \u00d6L\u00c7\u00dcS\u00dc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aruz, Arap\u00e7a bir kelimedir ve “\u00c7ad\u0131r\u0131n ortas\u0131na dikilen direk” anlam\u0131na gelir. 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