Divan \u015fiirinde, her beytinin dizeleri kendi aras\u0131nda uyakl\u0131, aruzun genellikle k\u0131sa kal\u0131plar\u0131yla yaz\u0131lan naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imine ve bu bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131tlara mesnevi denir.<\/p>\n
Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi\u2019nin alt\u0131 ciltlik tasavvufi yap\u0131t\u0131 da \u201cMesnevi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle Arap, Fars ve Osmanl\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda kendi aralar\u0131nda uyakl\u0131 beyitlerden olu\u015fan ve aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131lan divan edebiyat\u0131 \u015fiir bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n
Arap\u00e7ada \u201cm\u00fczdevice\u201d denilen mesnevi t\u00fcr\u00fc ilk olarak 10\u2019uncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131na giri\u015fi 11\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Yusuf Has Hacib\u2019in Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Kutadgu Bilig, mesnev\u00ee naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imiyle kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hacimli bir siyasetn\u00e2me \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
Her beytinin kendi aras\u0131nda kafiyelenmesi hem yazma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar hem de daha uzun metinlerin bu \u015fekle uygun olarak kaleme al\u0131nmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131r. Di\u011fer naz\u0131m \u015fekillerindeki kafiye bulma zorlu\u011fu \u015fairleri uzun metinlerde bu \u015fekli kullanmaya te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle uzun a\u015fk \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde, destanlarda mesnevi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mesneviler a\u015fk mesnevileri (Fuzul\u00ee-Leyla ile Mecnun), din\u00ee-tasavvufi mesneviler(S\u00fcleyman \u00c7elebi-Mevlit; Mevlana\u2019n\u0131n Mesnevi\u2019si), ahlaksal ve \u00f6\u011fretici mesneviler (\u015eeyh\u00ee-Harn\u00e2me; Nabi\u2019nin Hayriye\u2019si ), sava\u015f ve kahramanl\u0131k konusunu i\u015fleyen gazavatnameler, bir kentin g\u00fczelliklerini anlatan \u015fehrengizler ve mizahi mesneviler diye ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Mesnevide konu ne olursa olsun , ilk dikkati \u00e7eken \u00f6zellik olay\u0131n bir masal havas\u0131nda anlat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ak\u0131l ve mant\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini a\u015fan bir s\u00fcr\u00fc olay birbirini izler. Olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yer ve zaman belirsizdir. Konuda birlik sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hikayenin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri birbirine eklenmi\u015f ilgisiz par\u00e7alar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7evre tasvirleri ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun de\u011fildir, hikaye kahramanlar\u0131 do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunur. Hikayelerde cinler, periler, devler, cad\u0131lar, ejderhalar gibi masal motifleri s\u0131k s\u0131k i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n
Mesnevi \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f (\u0130ran edebiyat\u0131nda Genceli Nizami ve Cami bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca adlar\u0131d\u0131r) . Genceli Nizami\u2019nin be\u015f mesnevisinden olu\u015fan Hamse\u2019si, sonradan Divan edebiyat\u0131 \u015fairleri taraf\u0131ndan da \u00f6rnek olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda ilk mesnevi Yusuf Has Hacib\u2019in Kutadgu Bilig adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Bir anlamda Divan edebiyat\u0131nda manzum hikayelerin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bi\u00e7im olarak da tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc tasavvufi mesnevisi 25.700 beyitten olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Mevlana eserine ayr\u0131 bir isim koymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; eser, naz\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fc olan mesnevi ad\u0131 ile bilinir.<\/p>\n
Divan edebiyat\u0131nda roman ve hikaye gibi t\u00fcrler olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mesneviler bir bak\u0131ma bu t\u00fcrlerin yerini tutmu\u015flard\u0131r. On b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fair taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f be\u015f mesneviye \u201cHamse\u201d ad\u0131 verilir. Hamse sahibi olmak bir itibar kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hamse sahibi olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli divan \u015fairleri: Ali \u015eir Nev\u00e2i, Ta\u015fl\u0131cal\u0131 Yahya, Nev\u2019i-z\u00e2de At\u00e2i\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok edebi t\u00fcrde oldu\u011fu gibi mesnevide de Divan \u015fairlerimiz ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Arap ve \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131na ait belli ba\u015fl\u0131 mesnevileri terc\u00fcmeyle i\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar; ard\u0131ndan da m\u00fcstakil ve orijinal mesneviler yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra art\u0131k \u015fairlerimiz, yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 milli kimli\u011fimizin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu mesneviler yazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu konuda Muhammet Kuzuba\u015f\u2019\u0131n Mahzen-i Esrar ile Nefhat\u00fc\u2019-l Ezhar Mukayesesi adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, mesnevilerimizin \u0130ran ve Arap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131karak yerli kaynaklara y\u00f6neldi\u011fini ortaya koymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek 1.<\/p>\n
K\u0131sa Mesnev\u00ee<\/p>\n
D\u00eeb\u00e2ce-i E\u015f’\u00e2r-\u0131 G\u00fcl-i Sad-Berg<\/p>\n
1. Seherden seyre vardum murgz\u00e2ra
Hez\u00e2r\u00e2n murg g\u00f6rd\u00fcm geldi zara<\/p>\n
2. G\u00fcl \u00fc l\u00e2leyle zeyn olm\u0131\u015f \u00e7emenler
Oyuna girdi g\u00f6nlekcek semenler<\/p>\n
3. \u00c7\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcm nak\u015f-\u0131 Erjeng old\u0131 sahra
Ed\u00fcp bir nice reng\u00een \u015fi’r peyda<\/p>\n
4. Kadem basdum iz\u00e2r-\u0131 mihr \u00fc m\u00e2ha
Ki t\u00e2 erd\u00fcm cen\u00e2b-\u0131 P\u00e2di\u015f\u00e2ha<\/p>\n
5. Y\u00fcz\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcp \u00e7emenler gibi h\u00e2ke
Du’\u00e2lar eyled\u00fcm ol z\u00e2t-\u0131 p\u00e2ke<\/p>\n
6. Oluban b\u00eed bergi gibi lerz\u00e2n
Nih\u00e2l-i erguvan-ve\u015f derled\u00fcm kan<\/p>\n
7. Sunup bu nazm\u0131 dest-i \u015eehriy\u00e2ra
G\u00fcl-i sad-bergi irg\u00fcrd\u00fcm bahara\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Hayal\u00ee Bey)<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek 2.<\/p>\n
K\u0131sa Mesnev\u00ee. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hik\u00e2ye<\/p>\n
Hik\u00e2yet-i Leyl\u00ee v\u00fc Mecn\u00fbn<\/p>\n
1. Me\u011fer bir g\u00fcn ki \u00e2te\u015f-i p\u00e2re-i Necd
\u015eerer pervanesi Mecn\u00fbn-\u0131 p\u00fcr vecd<\/p>\n
2. Siyeh-mest-i \u015far\u00e2b-\u0131 hayret olm\u0131\u015f
Kararm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zleri Leyl\u00ee’yle dolm\u0131\u015f<\/p>\n
3. Dola\u015fdurm\u0131\u015f per\u00ee\u015f\u00e2n seyr-i r\u00e2ha
Tutulm\u0131\u015f kend\u00fcsi \u00e7\u00fcn d\u00e2m-\u0131 m\u00e2ha<\/p>\n
4. D\u00f6n\u00fcp ol \u015fu’le-i cevv\u00e2le-i gam
Yanup durmakda olm\u0131\u015f \u015fem’a hemdem<\/p>\n
5. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fby-\u0131 zeng\u00ee p\u00ee\u015f ii t\u00e2ba
Bozulmu\u015f genc-i t\u00e2r-\u0131 \u0131zt\u0131raba<\/p>\n
6. Katup seyl-i siri\u015fkin bahr-\u0131 h\u00fbna
S\u00fck\u00fbn el vermi\u015f ol c\u00fby-\u0131 c\u00fcn\u00fbna<\/p>\n
7. Olup ho\u015fn\u00fbd kend\u00fc \u00e2te\u015finden
\u015eik\u00e2yet etmez olm\u0131\u015f m\u00e2hve\u015finden<\/p>\n
8. Cef\u00e2dan n\u00e2y gibi z\u00e2r etmez olm\u0131\u015f
Varup Leyl\u00eeyi b\u00eez\u00e2r etmez olm\u0131\u015f<\/p>\n
9. Olup fari\u011f dil-i d\u00eev\u00e2nesinden
Usanm\u0131\u015f vaz’-\u0131 k\u00fcst\u00e2h\u00e2nesinden<\/p>\n
10. Duyup ol berk-i s\u00e2m\u00e2n ya’n\u00ee
Leyl\u00ee Gazabn\u00e2k eylemi\u015f Kays’a tecell\u00ee<\/p>\n
11. Demi\u015f etd\u00fcnse feryad\u0131 fer\u00e2m\u00fb\u015f
Gerekmez bana art\u0131k g\u00fb\u015f u meng\u00fb\u015f<\/p>\n
12. Per\u00ee\u015f\u00e2n olma\u011f\u0131 ed\u00fcp tahayy\u00fcl
Sen\u00fcn-\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u00e2nelenmi\u015fd\u00fcr bu k\u00e2k\u00fcl<\/p>\n
13. Bu suretler sen\u00fcn-\u00e7\u00fcn r\u00fb-n\u00fcm\u00e2dur
Nazar \u00e2yineye sanma sanadur<\/p>\n
14. Hem\u00e2n yan a\u011fla Mevl\u00e2y\u0131 seversen
Koma feryad\u0131 Leyl\u00e2y\u0131 seversen<\/p>\n
15. Me\u011fer d\u00eev\u00e2neye ta\u015f atd\u0131 Leyl\u00e2
Komad\u0131 urmad\u0131k ba\u015f seng-i h\u00e2r\u00e2<\/p>\n
16. Olur ma’\u015f\u00fbk d\u00e2\u011f u zahme t\u00e2lib
Ni\u015fan l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r \u00e2\u015f\u0131klarda G\u00e2lib<\/p>\n
17. M\u00fclevvend\u00fcr hem\u00ee\u015fe k\u00e2r-\u0131 u\u015f\u015fak
Me\u011fer imd\u00e2d ede Hunh\u00e2r-\u0131 u\u015f\u015fak<\/p>\n
18. Kerem-h\u00e2hum cen\u00e2b-\u0131 mevlev\u00eeden
Vere bir ne\u015f’e \u015f\u00fbr-\u0131 ma’nev\u00eeden\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u015eeyh G\u00e2lib)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Divan \u015fiirinde, her beytinin dizeleri kendi aras\u0131nda uyakl\u0131, aruzun genellikle k\u0131sa kal\u0131plar\u0131yla yaz\u0131lan naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imine ve bu bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131tlara mesnevi denir. Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi\u2019nin alt\u0131 ciltlik tasavvufi yap\u0131t\u0131 da \u201cMesnevi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Arap, Fars ve Osmanl\u0131 edebiyat\u0131nda kendi aralar\u0131nda uyakl\u0131 beyitlerden olu\u015fan ve aruz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle yaz\u0131lan divan edebiyat\u0131 \u015fiir bi\u00e7imidir. Arap\u00e7ada \u201cm\u00fczdevice\u201d denilen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-siir-uzerine-bilgiler"],"yoast_head":"\n