SERBEST M\u00dcSTEZAT:<\/p>\n
19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Servet-i F\u00fcnun’cular\u0131n geli\u015ftirdikleri bir naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi. Divan \u015fiirindeki m\u00fcstezat’tan \u015fu \u00f6zellikleriyle ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
* Serbest m\u00fcstezat, hem aruz, hem de hecenin \u00e7e\u015fitli kal\u0131plar\u0131yla yaz\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
* Temel olarak al\u0131nan kal\u0131b\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczenlerle bir arada kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi ayn\u0131 naz\u0131m i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z bir kal\u0131p de\u011fil, ba\u015fka kal\u0131plar ve bunlar\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131 da kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
* Uzun ve k\u0131sa m\u0131sralar kimi zaman belli bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde s\u0131ralan\u0131r, kimi zaman da herhangi bir d\u00fczene ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nmaz.<\/p>\n
* Kafiye \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenleni\u015fi de kurala de\u011fil, \u015fairin iste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* M\u00fcstezat’\u0131n daha \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imdir.<\/p>\n
* Sembolizmin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde Fransa’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir \u015fiir \u015feklidir.<\/p>\n
* Servet-i F\u00fcnun ve Fecr-i Ati \u015fairlerince kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
* Serbest m\u00fcstezatta naz\u0131m nesre yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6zellikleriyle serbest m\u00fcstezat, Divan \u015fiirindeki m\u00fcstezat’\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesiyle olu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015f, do\u011frudan Bat\u0131 \u015fiirinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klasik naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imlerinden ve tek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6rneklili\u011finden kurtulu\u015f yeni bi\u00e7imler ve ahenkler yaratmak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle olu\u015fturulan bu bi\u00e7im, serbest naz\u0131ma ge\u00e7i\u015fte bir a\u015fama olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Serbest m\u00fcstezat\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini Tevfik Fikret, Cenap Sahabettin ve Ahmet Ha\u015fim vermi\u015ftir.
Serbest M\u00fcstezat \u00d6rnekleri:<\/p>\n
KI\u015e
Yine k\u0131\u015f,
Yine \u015fems-i mes\u00e2da (ak\u015fam g\u00fcne\u015fi), ah o bak\u0131\u015f,
Yine yollarda serseri dola\u015fan
\u00c2\u015fiy\u00e2ns\u0131z tuyur-\u0131 p\u00fcr-n\u00e2li\u015f( inleyen yuvas\u0131z ku\u015flar)Tehi kalan ovalar
S\u00fck\u00fbt eder san\u0131l\u0131r mevsimin gum\u00fbmuyla
Harab olan sar\u0131 yollarda kalmam\u0131\u015f ne gelen,
Ne giden,
\u015eimdi yaln\u0131z kavafil-i evr\u00e2k (yaprak y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131)
M\u00fctemad\u00ee s\u00fcr\u00fcklenir bir uzak
Ufk-\u0131 p\u00fcr-\u0131zt\u0131rab u nermide.Yine k\u0131\u015f, yine k\u0131\u015f
B\u00fct\u00fcn emelleri bir a\u011flayan duman sarm\u0131\u015f (Ahmet H\u00e2\u015fim)<\/p>\n
\u00d6MR-\u0130 MUHAYYEL
Bir \u00f6mr-i muhayyel…Hani g\u00fclb\u00fcnler i\u00e7inde
Bir ku\u015fca\u011f\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6mr-i bah\u00e2r\u00ees\u00ee kadar ho\u015f;
Bir \u00f6mr-i muhayyel…Hani g\u00f6llerde,ye\u015fil,bo\u015f
G\u00f6llerde,o s\u00e2fiyet-i vecd-\u00e2ver i\u00e7inde
Bir dalgac\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc kadar za\u00eel \u00fc mu\u011ffel
Bir \u00f6mr-i muhayyel!<\/p>\n
Yaln\u0131z ikimiz,bir de o:Ma’b\u00fbde-i \u015fi’rim;
Yaln\u0131z ikimiz,bir de onun z\u0131ll-\u0131 cen\u00e2h\u0131;
H\u00e2k\u00eelere bah\u015f eyleyerek h\u00e2k-i siy\u00e2h\u0131
D\u00fb\u015funda beyaz bir bulutun g\u00f6klere \u00e2zim.
Her sahn-\u0131 hak\u00eekatten uzak,herkese mech\u00fbl;
Bir safvet-i mas\u00fbmenin \u00e2g\u00fb\u015f-\u0131 terinde,
Bir leyle-i a\u015fk\u0131n m\u00fcteenn\u00ee seherinde
Yaln\u0131z ikimiz sayd-\u0131 hay\u00e2l\u00e2t ile me\u015fgul.<\/p>\n
Savt\u0131ndaki e\u015f’ar-\u0131 p\u00fcr-\u00e2henk ile m\u00e2l\u00ee,
\u015e\u0130’rimdeki elhan-\u0131 muhabbetle nagam-saz,
Ah istiyorum,g\u00f6klere \u00e2m\u00e2de-i perv\u00e2z
Bir l\u00e2ne-i \u00e2v\u00e2rede bir \u00f6mr-i hay\u00e2l\u00ee…<\/p>\n
Bir \u00f6mr-i hay\u00e2l\u00ee…Hani g\u00fclb\u00fcnler i\u00e7inde
Bir ku\u015fca\u011f\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6mr-i bah\u00e2r\u00ees\u00ee kadar ho\u015f;
Bir \u00f6mr-i hay\u00e2l\u00ee…Hani g\u00f6llerde,ye\u015fil,bo\u015f
G\u00f6llerde,o s\u00e2fiyet-i vecd-\u00e2ver i\u00e7inde
Bir dalgac\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc kadar za\u00eel \u00fc h\u00e2l\u00ee
Bir \u00f6mr-i hay\u00e2l\u00ee!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ( Tevfik Fikret )<\/p>\n
MENSUR \u015e\u0130\u0130R<\/p>\n
– 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131nda Fransa’da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131 \u015fairlerinden C. Baudlaire ve S. Mallerme’in mensur \u015fiirleri vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131nda \u015einasi’nin Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eviriler, mensur \u015fiirin ilk \u00f6rnekleridir. Mehmet Rauf’un “Siyah \u0130nciler”i, Yakup Kadri’nin “Okun Ucunda, Erenlerin Ba\u011f\u0131ndan” adl\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131 mensur \u015fiir t\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir.<\/p>\n
Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem ve Abd\u00fclhak Hamit’in de mensur \u015fiir denemeleri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mensur \u015fiirin isim babas\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131ndaki ilk temsilcisi Halit Ziya U\u015fakl\u0131gil’dir. Terc\u00fcman-\u0131 Hakikat gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan “A\u015fk\u0131m\u0131n Mezar\u0131” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 mensur \u015fiirdir. 1891’de “Mensur \u015eiirler” ve “Mezardan Sesler” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla mensur \u015fiirlerini yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Servet-i F\u00fcnun d\u00f6neminde mensur \u015fiir t\u00fcr\u00fc yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Halit Ziya’y\u0131 Mehmet Rauf, H\u00fcseyin Cahit, Ahmet Hikmet, Celal Sahir, Faik Ali gibi isimler izler.<\/p>\n
– Duygu ve hayallerin d\u00fczyaz\u0131 bi\u00e7imiyle \u015fiirsel anlat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.
– Bu yaz\u0131larda i\u00e7 ahenk \u00f6nemlidir. Servet-i Fununcular taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fazla yayg\u0131nla\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
– “Mensure” olarak da bilinir.
– “Mensur \u015fiir” d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 ile \u015fiirsel, \u015fairane s\u00f6yleyi\u015fin ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcz yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.
– Mensur \u015fiirler ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 olan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, k\u0131sa ve yo\u011fun yaz\u0131lard\u0131r.
– Mensur \u015fiir, \u015fiirdeki aray\u0131\u015ftan do\u011fmu\u015ftur; ama \u00f6ncelikle d\u00fcz yaz\u0131d\u0131r. Bu metinler bireysel duygulanmalar\u0131n ortaya kondu\u011fu \u015fairane \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Mensur \u015fiirlerde i\u00e7 ahenk vard\u0131r. Tasvir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelere \u00f6nem verildi\u011fi i\u00e7in uzun c\u00fcmleler tercih edilir. \u00dcnlemlere ve sesleni\u015flere yer verilir.
-Mensur \u015fiirde \u015fairane konular, \u015fairane bir \u00fcslupla i\u015flenir.
“Mensur \u015eiir” ile “\u015eiir” aras\u0131ndaki benzerlik ya da farkl\u0131l\u0131klar nelerdir?<\/p>\n
Mensur \u015fiirin, \u015fiirle birtak\u0131m benzer y\u00f6nleri vard\u0131r. Her iki t\u00fcrde de ahenk \u00f6nemlidir. Kelimeler bir ahenk olu\u015fturacak bi\u00e7imde se\u00e7ilir ve dizilir.<\/p>\n
Her iki t\u00fcrde de \u015fairane, duygusal konular i\u015flenir; temalar benzerdir. Dil ve \u00fcslup y\u00f6n\u00fcnden benzerlik vard\u0131r; dilin do\u011fru ve g\u00fczel kullan\u0131m\u0131 iki t\u00fcrde de \u00f6nemlidir. Edebi sanatlar her iki t\u00fcrde de kullan\u0131labilir. \u015eiirde kafiye vard\u0131r, mensur \u015fiirde de i\u00e7 kafiyeler olabilir.<\/p>\n
Mensur \u015fiirle \u015fiirin farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleri de vard\u0131r. Mensur \u015fiirde vezin (\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc), kafiye, dize (m\u0131sra) yoktur. \u015eiirde d\u00f6rtl\u00fck, beyit, bent gibi naz\u0131m birimleri vard\u0131r; mensur \u015fiirde b\u00f6yle birimler yoktur.
Mensur \u015eiir \u00d6rnekleri<\/p>\n
Erenlerin Ba\u011f\u0131ndan<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llar y\u00e2rlardan, y\u00e2rlar y\u0131llardan vefas\u0131z. Kara baht bir kas\u0131rga gibi. Bu ne ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc i\u015f? Geceler g\u00fcnleri, g\u00fcnler geceleri koval\u0131yor; cefalar cefalar\u0131 kolluyor. Sa\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131zda aklar aklar\u0131, aln\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7izgiler \u00e7izgileri do\u011furuyor. Kadere boyun e\u011fmek g\u00fc\u00e7, isyan tehlikeli, felek hi\u00e7 ac\u0131mayacak m\u0131? Heyhat, aziz dost, onu d\u00f6nd\u00fcren kara baht\u0131n kas\u0131rgas\u0131…<\/p>\n
“Bah\u00e7eler bozuldu, yuvalar da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131, yollar silindi, cihan viran oldu.” Ya\u015fl\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcl \u015fimdi b\u00f6yle diyor; her \u015feyi kendine e\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bu da yanl\u0131\u015f duygulardan biri… Cihan ne vakit bay\u0131nd\u0131r idi? Bah\u00e7elerde ne vakit g\u00fcller a\u00e7t\u0131? Ne vakit yuvalarda b\u00fclb\u00fcller \u00f6tt\u00fc? Yollardan ne vakit y\u00e2rlar geldi? Umduk, bekledik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck. Hangi \u015fey umdu\u011fumuza uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc? G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcze benzedi mi? Gelenler bekledi\u011fimize de\u011fdi mi? O mutlu ve y\u00fcce saat hangi saatti ki, i\u00e7inde iken “Ge\u00e7me! Dur!” diye hayk\u0131rd\u0131k? Hi\u00e7biri, aziz dost, hi\u00e7biri! Belki hepsini ge\u00e7sin gitsin diye bekliyorduk; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar birbirinden \u00e7irkin, birbirinden yarars\u0131z saatlerdi. Kimi bir damla g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131yla, kimi tek bir “Eyvah!” ile kimi bir esnemeyle, kimi yaln\u0131z susmayla dolup gitti. Onlar birer birer yeniden gelsin ister misin? Hay\u0131r, hay\u0131r, hay\u0131r; de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi kalbimiz bo\u015f, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z doludur. A\u011fz\u0131m\u0131zda zehir, g\u00f6zlerimizde ate\u015f var; tats\u0131z bir i\u00e7ki sersemli\u011fi i\u00e7indeyiz. Ve art\u0131k yolun ortas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7tik ve sa\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131zda aklar aklar\u0131 ve aln\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7izgiler \u00e7izgileri do\u011furuyor. Ve ellerimiz, dizlerimiz titriyor ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ufuklardan yok olma havas\u0131 esiyor. S\u00f6yle, gen\u00e7li\u011fini ne yapt\u0131n? S\u00f6yle, gen\u00e7li\u011fimi ne yapt\u0131m?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yakup Kadri KARAOSMANO\u011eLU<\/p>\n
Mensur \u015eiir \u00d6rne\u011fi-2
Benim Olsayd\u0131n
Benim olsan, ah bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsayd\u0131. Seni uzak, uzak, bu insanlardan pek uzak bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcm: \u00d6yle bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcm ki orada yaln\u0131z tabiatla ba\u015f ba\u015fa kal\u0131rd\u0131k. Denizle, sema ile, sahra ile kal\u0131rd\u0131k. Sade ikimiz kal\u0131rd\u0131k.
Orada, yaln\u0131z ormanda yapraklarla inleyen m\u00fctehevvir r\u00fczgar\u0131n, uzakta dalgalarla d\u00f6v\u00fcnen medhu\u015f denizin, g\u00f6kte \u015fim\u015fekleriyle g\u00fcrleyen ha\u015fin y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n sesiyle kal\u0131rd\u0131k. Sade ikimiz kal\u0131rd\u0131k.
Sade ikimiz, unutmu\u015f, unutulmu\u015f, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kay\u0131ttan azade iki mevcut gibi ya\u015fard\u0131k. \u0130lk insanlar gibi ya\u015fard\u0131k. Benim olsayd\u0131n felaketlerine, afetlerline tahamm\u00fcl i\u00e7in kuvvet bulur, hayat\u0131n sebebini anlard\u0131m; benim olsayd\u0131n hayat\u0131 severdim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
SERBEST M\u00dcSTEZAT: 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Servet-i F\u00fcnun’cular\u0131n geli\u015ftirdikleri bir naz\u0131m bi\u00e7imi. Divan \u015fiirindeki m\u00fcstezat’tan \u015fu \u00f6zellikleriyle ayr\u0131l\u0131r: * Serbest m\u00fcstezat, hem aruz, hem de hecenin \u00e7e\u015fitli kal\u0131plar\u0131yla yaz\u0131labilir. * Temel olarak al\u0131nan kal\u0131b\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczenlerle bir arada kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi ayn\u0131 naz\u0131m i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z bir kal\u0131p de\u011fil, ba\u015fka kal\u0131plar ve bunlar\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131 da […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-siir-uzerine-bilgiler"],"yoast_head":"\n