{"id":3709,"date":"2010-01-07T13:56:14","date_gmt":"2010-01-07T10:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/"},"modified":"2010-01-07T13:56:14","modified_gmt":"2010-01-07T10:56:14","slug":"yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Erken insan evrimi konusundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftiren 4.4 milyon ya\u015f\u0131ndaki<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Ardipithecus ramidus<\/em><\/span> iskeletinin<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>15 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00e7abadan sonra yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 2009\u2019a damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran en \u00f6nemli bilimsel bulu\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Bug\u00fcne dek bulunan en eski insans\u0131 iskeleti olan \u201cArdi\u201d eski akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neye benzedikleri konusunda beklenmedik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunuyor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n en eski atas\u0131 bulundu<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nsano\u011flunun k\u00f6kenleri konusunu derleyip toparlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, kimi par\u00e7alar\u0131 yitik<\/span>,<\/span> son derece karma\u015f\u0131k dev bir yapbozu tamamlamaya \u00e7abalamaktan farks\u0131z. Bu eksik par\u00e7alar\u0131n kimi belki hi\u00e7bir zaman bulunamayacak; bulunan par\u00e7alar\u0131n yerli yerine oturtulmas\u0131 da kimi zaman hi\u00e7 kolay olmayacak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gelgelelim, fosil avc\u0131lar\u0131 arada s\u0131rada da olsa bu eksik halkalar\u0131n yerine tam olarak oturan ve mevcut g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc an\u0131nda yerle bir eden par\u00e7alar buluyorlar. B\u00f6yle bir bulu\u015fla sonu\u00e7lanan s\u00fcrecin tohumlar\u0131 Kas\u0131m 1994\u2019te, Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n tozlu Orta Ava\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde bir insans\u0131 eline ait iki kemik par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bu bulu\u015fu izleyen birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde y\u00fcz\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n par\u00e7a daha bulundu. 15 y\u0131l s\u00fcren kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde 4.4 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine uzanan ve bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla insan\u0131n atas\u0131 olan Ardipithecus ramidus adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n iskeletinin bulunmas\u0131yla sona erdi.<\/p>\n

Science dergisinin 2 Ekim tarihli \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda 10 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkeden 47 yazar taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan 11 makalede, Ardi ad\u0131 verilen ve 125 par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan insans\u0131 iskeleti ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Orta Ava\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi \u00f6nderlerinden ve Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi uzmanlar\u0131ndan Tim White,”\u0130skeletin biyolojik \u00f6zelliklerinin kavranabilmesi i\u00e7in as\u0131l gerekli olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmler kafatas\u0131, di\u015fler, le\u011fen kemi\u011fi, bacaklar, el ve ayaklard\u0131r. Elimizde bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc var. Bu fosillerin en m\u00fcthi\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fc, evrim s\u00fcrecinde 4.5 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine uzanan kara bir deli\u011fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmalar\u0131” diyor.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi biyolojik antropoloji uzman\u0131 Alan Walker da, Ar. Ramidus t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, daha \u00f6nce yine Etiyopya\u2019da bulunan ve bug\u00fcne dek bulunan en eski insans\u0131 iskeleti say\u0131lan 3.2 milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k Lucy\u2019den \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli ve \u00e7ok daha s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funa, buradan elde edilecek verilerin yaln\u0131zca kendi evrimsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda en yak\u0131n akrabam\u0131z olan b\u00fcy\u00fck maymunlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fine de yepyeni bir boyut kazand\u0131rabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Ardi\u2019nin hemen hemen eksiksiz denebilecek kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evreden toplanan ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait 150 bini a\u015fk\u0131n bitki ve hayvan fosili de olas\u0131 en eski atalar\u0131m\u0131z konusunda benzersiz bilgiler sunuyor. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, Ardi, yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce yollar\u0131 ayr\u0131lan insanlar ile \u015fempanzelerin son ortak atalar\u0131n\u0131n neye benzedi\u011fiyle ilgili ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da sunabilir.<\/p>\n

White\u2019a g\u00f6re bu ortak atan\u0131n soyundan gelen en eski ve en iyi belgelenmi\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn en \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u201cayr\u0131lma a\u015famas\u0131na bu denli yak\u0131n\u201d olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ya\u015fayan primatlar\u0131n en yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 olan \u015fempanzelerle aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok az bir benzerlik olmas\u0131. Hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ortak atan\u0131n kemikleri bug\u00fcne dek bulunamam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, bilim insanlar\u0131 eldeki verilerden ve \u00f6zellikle de Australopithecus ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Afrika maymunlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerden elde ettikleri bilgilerden B\u00fcy\u00fck-B\u00fcy\u00fck-Atam\u0131z\u0131n daha \u00e7ok parmak bo\u011fumu \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyen ve a\u011fa\u00e7lara t\u0131rmanan bir maymunu and\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ne var ki, Ardi\u2019nin \u00f6zellikleri \u015fempanzeyi hi\u00e7 and\u0131rm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu da, White\u2019a g\u00f6re, son ortak atam\u0131z\u0131n bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla her ikisinin de olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Kent \u00dcniversitesi antropologlar\u0131ndan ve Orta Ava\u015f ekibi \u00fcyelerinden C. Owen Lovejoy bulunan iskeletin insano\u011flunun evrimiyle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri yerle bir etti\u011fine, genetik benzerliklerine kar\u015f\u0131n, insanlar\u0131n, \u015fempanzelerin biraz farkl\u0131 bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n anlam\u0131 ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ardi\u2019nin anatomik \u00f6zelliklerine bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u015fempanzelerin son 7 milyon y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7ok daha fazla de\u011fi\u015fimden ge\u00e7tikleri ve ger\u00e7ekte insanlardan \u00e7ok daha fazla evrildikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu, Ardi\u2019nin \u015fempanzeden \u00e7ok insan\u0131 and\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Ardi\u2019ye \u201cilgin\u00e7 bir mozaik\u201d niteli\u011fini kazand\u0131ran salt insana \u00f6zg\u00fc unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda iki ayakl\u0131l\u0131k (bipedalizm) geliyor. 120 santimetre uzunlu\u011funda ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 kilo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Ardi\u2019nin \u00fcst kal\u00e7a kemi\u011fi, bacak kemikleri ve ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 onun dik y\u00fcr\u00fcyebildi\u011fini, ancak a\u011fa\u00e7lara t\u0131rmanma yetisini de korudu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. A\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131n\u0131 kavramas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki ayak parmaklar\u0131n\u0131n yine de maymunlar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu esneklikten (goril ve \u015fempanzelerin ayaklar\u0131 hemen hemen elden farks\u0131zd\u0131r) ve Australopithecus ile Homo\u2019lar\u0131n yalpalamadan y\u00fcr\u00fcmelerine olanak tan\u0131yan kemerden yoksun olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ardi\u2019nin nesneleri yerden toplamas\u0131na ve bunlar\u0131 iki ayak \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrken ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan ellerinin, \u015fempanzeninkine k\u0131yasla, \u00e7ok daha becerikli ve manevraya elveri\u015fli olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Bilek, el ve omuz kemikleri onun parmak bo\u011fumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcmedi\u011fini ve zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu, maymunlar gibi a\u011fa\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda sal\u0131narak ge\u00e7irmek yerine, dallar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yok olan maymun t\u00fcrlerine \u00f6zg\u00fc ilkel bir bi\u00e7imde yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania \u00dcniversitesi paleoantropoloji uzman\u0131 Alan Walker, son ortak atam\u0131z ile Australopithecus\u2019lar\u0131n aras\u0131nda kalan \u00f6zelliklere sahip olan Ardi\u2019nin harika bir Darwinci yarat\u0131k oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ardi\u2019nin yaln\u0131zca fosillerini incelemekle kalmay\u0131p, g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan en az 35 farkl\u0131 Ar.ramidus\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan 110 ba\u015fka kal\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 da ara\u015ft\u0131ran bilim insanlar\u0131 da bunun bilincindeler. Bu kemiklere ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden toplanan binlerce bitki ve hayvan fosili de eklendi\u011finde Ardi\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131k 200,000 ku\u015fak \u00f6nce doland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcnde canlanmas\u0131 da i\u015ften de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu b\u00f6lge ormanlar\u0131n ve tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yer yer yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131kl\u0131 ye\u015fil bir aland\u0131. Kolobus maymunlar\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7larda \u00e7ene \u00e7alarken, babunlar, filler, sarmal boynuzlu antiloplar ve s\u0131rtlanlar ortal\u0131kta dolanmaktayd\u0131. Ada tav\u015fanlar\u0131, sivri fareler, kirpiler ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck et\u00e7il hayvanlar \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n alt\u0131na s\u0131v\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit yarasalar, tavus ku\u015fu da dahil, en az 29 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc, kumrular, muhabbet ku\u015flar\u0131, k\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7 ve bayku\u015flar kol gezmekteydi. Etiyopya \u00e7\u00f6kellerinde \u00e7itlembik tohumlar\u0131, fosille\u015fmi\u015f palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve incir a\u011fac\u0131 polenleri g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Her \u015feyi yiyen Ar.ramidus\u2019lar hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz bunlarla besleniyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu tablo evrim konusunda yerle\u015fik denebilecek bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yerle bir ediyor. Paleoantropoloji uzmanlar\u0131 bir zamanlar atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n iki ayak \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcmelerine neden olan unsurun Afrika ormanlar\u0131n\u0131 savanlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye g\u00f6re, b\u00f6yle bir ortamda ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durabilen primatlar uzun \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n ard\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebildiklerinden parmak bo\u011fumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyen canl\u0131lardan daha avantajl\u0131 durumdayd\u0131lar. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, primatlar \u00e7ok daha kolay yiyecek bulabiliyorlar ve kendilerini d\u00fc\u015fmanlardan daha kolayl\u0131kla koruyabiliyorlard\u0131. Lucy\u2019nin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu t\u00fcr\u00fcn kimi zaman daha a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k bir alanda ya\u015famalar\u0131 bu kuram\u0131 giderek ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ardi\u2019nin benzer bir ortamda y\u00fcz binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce dik y\u00fcr\u00fcyebiliyor oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi bunun ba\u015fka bir nedeni olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu nedeni kimse bilmemekle birlikte, Ardi\u2019nin toplumsal davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla ilgili bir kuram bu konuda birtak\u0131m ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verebilir. Lovejoy, Ar.Ramidus\u2019un insan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka primatlarda rastlanmayan bir sosyal sisteme sahip oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor. Goril ve \u015fempanzelerde, erkekler di\u015filerin ilgisini \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in birbirleriyle k\u0131ran k\u0131rana sava\u015f\u0131rlar. Oysa, Lovejoy\u2019a g\u00f6re, Ardipithecus erkekleri aras\u0131nda b\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7eki\u015fmeye tan\u0131k olunmuyor. Tam tersine, erkekler di\u015filerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fki kurmay\u0131 ve (ya\u015famboyu mutlaka teke\u015fli olmak zorunda kalmasalar bile) yavrular\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in birlikte kalmay\u0131 ye\u011fliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Bu uyumlu var olu\u015fun en somut kan\u0131t\u0131 Ardipithecus\u2019lar\u0131n di\u015flerinden geliyor: Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00f6pek di\u015fleri, erkek \u015fempanze ve gorillerin sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 han\u00e7erimsi sivri \u00fcst az\u0131 di\u015flerine k\u0131yasla, olduk\u00e7a k\u00fct. Bu da di\u015filerin, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck az\u0131 di\u015fli erkeklerle e\u015fle\u015fmeyi ye\u011flediklerini g\u00f6steriyor. Lovejoy\u2019a g\u00f6re, di\u015filerin b\u00f6ylesine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir konuma sahip olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Ar.Ramidus\u2019lar\u0131n erkeklerin i\u015fbirli\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131k olduklar\u0131 bir sosyal sistem geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 gerekiyor. Bu sistemde erkekler bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla di\u015filere ve yavrular\u0131na yard\u0131m ediyor, onlara yiyecek buluyor ve bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylesi bir davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fimi iki ayakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na da bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirebilir. Nihayetinde, iki ayak \u00fczerinde dik y\u00fcr\u00fcyemeyen bir canl\u0131n\u0131n ormanl\u0131k alanlarda yiyecek ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de kolay de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal davran\u0131\u015fla ilgili bu t\u00fcr ayr\u0131nt\u0131lardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe var\u0131lmas\u0131, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, spek\u00fclatif bir yakla\u015f\u0131m. Nitekim, \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilim insan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 kaleme alanlar\u0131n vard\u0131klar\u0131 kimi ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fine hemen dikkat \u00e7ektiler.<\/p>\n

Sorunlardan biri Ardi\u2019nin iskeletinin kimi par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse un ufak olmu\u015f durumda bulunmu\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u00e7ok daha kapsaml\u0131 bir dijital yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmadan ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Gelgelelim, Science dergisi her zaman \u00f6zel say\u0131 yay\u0131mlam\u0131yor ve bu say\u0131daki yaz\u0131larda betimlenen fosillerin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc say\u0131da ve \u00e7e\u015fitlilikte olmas\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n somut kan\u0131tlar \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. White,\u201cOrta Ava\u015f\u2019taki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131za ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda insan fosil kay\u0131tlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,7 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dek uzan\u0131yordu. \u015eimdi ise elimizde insan soyunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 700.000 y\u0131l daha yak\u0131n bir d\u00f6neme ait y\u0131\u011f\u0131nla bilgi var. Bu yaln\u0131zca bir iskeletten ibaret de\u011fil. Onun sayesinde t\u00fcmden karanl\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemle ilgili y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckte bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131,\u201d diyor. Daha \u00e7ok par\u00e7an\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7abalar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor, ama yapbozun en az\u0131ndan ana hatlar\u0131 giderek ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Erken insan evrimi konusundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftiren 4.4 milyon ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Ardipithecus ramidus iskeletinin 15 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00e7abadan sonra yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 2009\u2019a damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran en \u00f6nemli bilimsel bulu\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Bug\u00fcne dek bulunan en eski insans\u0131 iskeleti olan \u201cArdi\u201d eski akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neye benzedikleri konusunda beklenmedik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunuyor. \u0130nsan\u0131n en eski atas\u0131 bulundu \u0130nsano\u011flunun k\u00f6kenleri konusunu derleyip […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3709","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-evrim"},"yoast_head":"\nY\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Erken insan evrimi konusundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftiren 4.4 milyon ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Ardipithecus ramidus iskeletinin 15 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00e7abadan sonra yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 2009\u2019a damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran en \u00f6nemli bilimsel bulu\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Bug\u00fcne dek bulunan en eski insans\u0131 iskeleti olan \u201cArdi\u201d eski akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neye benzedikleri konusunda beklenmedik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunuyor. \u0130nsan\u0131n en eski atas\u0131 bulundu \u0130nsano\u011flunun k\u00f6kenleri konusunu derleyip […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"narteks.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-01-07T10:56:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\"},\"headline\":\"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-01-07T10:56:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/\"},\"wordCount\":1888,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224\",\"articleSection\":[\"Evrim\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/\",\"name\":\"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti - narteks.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-01-07T10:56:14+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"description\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"narteks.net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/narteks\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\",\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Tar\u0131k\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/narteks.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti - narteks.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti","og_description":"Erken insan evrimi konusundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizi k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftiren 4.4 milyon ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Ardipithecus ramidus iskeletinin 15 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00e7abadan sonra yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 2009\u2019a damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran en \u00f6nemli bilimsel bulu\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Bug\u00fcne dek bulunan en eski insans\u0131 iskeleti olan \u201cArdi\u201d eski akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neye benzedikleri konusunda beklenmedik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunuyor. \u0130nsan\u0131n en eski atas\u0131 bulundu \u0130nsano\u011flunun k\u00f6kenleri konusunu derleyip […]","og_url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/","og_site_name":"narteks.net","article_published_time":"2010-01-07T10:56:14+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Tar\u0131k","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@narteks","twitter_site":"@narteks","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Tar\u0131k","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"9 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/"},"author":{"name":"Tar\u0131k","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca"},"headline":"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti","datePublished":"2010-01-07T10:56:14+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/"},"wordCount":1888,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224","articleSection":["Evrim"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/","name":"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti - narteks.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224","datePublished":"2010-01-07T10:56:14+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/medya.php?mn=224"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/07\/yilin-olayi-ardi-insan-evrimini-altust-etti\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Y\u0131l\u0131n olay\u0131: ARD\u0130, insan evrimini alt\u00fcst etti"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","name":"narteks.net","description":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"alternateName":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization","name":"narteks.net","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","width":300,"height":90,"caption":"narteks.net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/narteks","https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca","name":"Tar\u0131k","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Tar\u0131k"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/narteks.net"],"url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3709"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3709\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}