{"id":3962,"date":"2010-01-12T21:05:46","date_gmt":"2010-01-12T18:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/"},"modified":"2010-01-12T21:05:46","modified_gmt":"2010-01-12T18:05:46","slug":"yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde bir tutkudur | Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k – Erich Fromm"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sado-mazo\u015fist isteklerle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu kez i\u00e7ice bulunsalar da birbirlerinden ayn tutulmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini daha \u00f6nce belirtmi\u015ftik. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, etkin ya da edilgin ortakya\u015fama ere\u011fini de\u011fil, nesnesinin yok edilmesi ere\u011fini g\u00fctmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ama o da bireysel g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ve soyutlanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayan\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f\u0131m-daki d\u00fcnyaya k\u0131yasla g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fum duygusundan o d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yok etmekle ka\u00e7abilirim. Onu yok etmeyi ba\u015far\u0131rsam yaln\u0131z ve soyutlanm\u0131\u015f olarak kalaca\u011f\u0131m, ama benimki, benim d\u0131\u015f\u0131mdaki nesnelerin yenilmez g\u00fcc\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ezilmeme olanak tan\u0131mayan harika bir soyutlanmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yok edilmesi, kendimi, onun taraf\u0131ndan unufak edilmekten kurtarmak i\u00e7in yapabilece\u011fim son, nerdeyse umars\u0131z giri\u015fimdir. Sa-dizm nesnenin kendisiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi etmeyi, onunla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyi ama\u00e7lar; y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ksa nesnenin yok edilmesini hedef al\u0131r. Sadizm, \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kalm\u0131\u015f bireyi, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde egemenlik kurarak, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ksa, d\u0131\u015fardan gelebilecek tehditleri ortadan kald\u0131rarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal ya\u015fant\u0131m\u0131zdaki ki\u015fisel ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6zlemleyen herkes, her yerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda mutlaka \u015fa\u015f\u0131racakt\u0131r. Genellikle, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011funun bilincine var\u0131lmaz, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde ussalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Hatta asl\u0131nda, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ussalla\u015ft\u0131rmada, ona neden uydurmada kullan\u0131lmayan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur. Sevgi, g\u00f6rev, vicdan, yurtseverlik, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 ya da ki\u015finin kendisini y\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131l\u0131f olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, iki ayr\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filim t\u00fcr\u00fc aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapmam\u0131z gerekmektedir. Belli bir durumun sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filimler vard\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin, ki\u015finin kendisinin ya da ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na ve b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fine ya da ki\u015finin \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fti\u011fi fikirlere yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lara tepki olarak y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu t\u00fcr y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k do\u011fald\u0131r ve ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131 onaylamas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u00f6\u011fesidir.
Ancak burada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bu ussal \u2014ya da diyelim “tepkisel”\u2014 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k de\u011fil, bir ki\u015fide s\u00fcrekli olarak bulunan ve deyi\u015f yerindeyse dile getirilme f\u0131rsat\u0131 kollayan e\u011filimdir. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n dile getirilmesi i\u00e7in nesnel bir “neden” yoksa (ger\u00e7i ki\u015fi genellikle \u015fu ya da bu t\u00fcrden bir ussalla\u015ft\u0131rma, bir neden bulmu\u015ftur ama), ki\u015fiye zihinsel ya da duygusal a\u00e7\u0131dan hasta deriz. Ama \u00e7o\u011fu durumda y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler, \u00f6yle bir \u015fekilde ussalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, ussalla\u015ft\u0131ran ki\u015fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 de\u011filse birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi ya da b\u00fct\u00fcn bir toplumsal grup, ussalla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131, ya da uydurulan nedeni payla\u015f\u0131r ve grubunun \u00fcyesi g\u00f6z\u00fcnde bu nedenin, “ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i”ymi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine yol a\u00e7arlar. Ama usd\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nesneleri ve onlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi nedenleri birinci derecede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz; y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler, ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde bir tutkudur ve bir nesne bulmada her zaman i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131rlar. E\u011fer herhangi bir nedenle di\u011fer ki\u015filer bir bireyin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nesnesi olamazlarsa, ki\u015finin kendi benli\u011fi kolayl\u0131kla nesne haline gelir. Bu ileri derecede olu\u015ftu\u011funda, \u00e7o\u011fu kez bedensel hastal\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r, hatta bazen cana k\u0131yma giri\u015fimleri bile g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k bireyin kendisiyle k\u0131yaslamak durumunda oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn nesnelerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, dayan\u0131lmaz g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck duygusundan bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu varsayd\u0131k. Ama y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filimlerin, insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu yorum yeterli bir a\u00e7\u0131klama gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyecektir; soyutlanma ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ko\u015fullan iki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 daha yarat\u0131rlar: kayg\u0131 ve ya\u015fam\u0131n engellenmesi. Kayg\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fcyle ilgili olarak pek bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemeye gerek yoktur. \u0130ster maddi olsun ister co\u015fkusal, ya\u015famsal \u00e7\u0131karlara y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f her tehdit, kayg\u0131 yarat\u0131r; bu t\u00fcrden kayg\u0131ya g\u00f6sterilen en yayg\u0131n tepkiyse, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filimlerdir. Tehdit, belli bir durumda, belli ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan belirlenebilir. Bu durumda bu ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k duygusu uyan\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli tehdit edilme duygusu da \u2014bilin\u00e7li olmasa da\u2014 s\u00fcrekli bir kayg\u0131 yaratabilir.11 Bu t\u00fcrden s\u00fcrekli kayg\u0131, soyutlanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz bireyin konumundan do\u011far ve ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde geli\u015fen y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k deposunun kaynaklar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturur.
Ayn\u0131 temel konumun bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sonucu da az \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131n engellenmesi dedi\u011fim \u015feydir. Soyutlanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz birey, kendi duyusal, co\u015fkusal ve zihinsel gizilg\u00fc\u00e7lerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme konusunda engellenir. Bu t\u00fcrden bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015ful olan i\u00e7sel g\u00fcvenlikten ve kendili\u011findenlikten yoksundur. Bu i\u00e7sel engelleme. Reform d\u00f6neminden bu yana orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n dinsel ve geleneksel davran\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinde kendini g\u00f6stermekte olan tabular gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haz ve mutluluk tabular\u0131yla daha da artt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnlerde, d\u0131\u015fsal tabu tam anlam\u0131yla ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ancak duyusal zevkin bilin\u00e7li olarak onaylanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, i\u00e7sel engel oldu\u011fu gibi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Ya\u015fam\u0131 engellemeyle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki bu ili\u015fki sorununa Freud de\u011finmi\u015ftir, onun kuram\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, konuyla ilgili kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimizi dile getirme olana\u011f\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131z.
Freud, cinsel g\u00fcd\u00fcyle kendini koruma g\u00fcd\u00fclerinin insan davran\u0131-\u015f\u0131ndaki iki temel itkiyi olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yolundaki ilk varsay\u0131m\u0131nda, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131
Bkz. Bu konuda Karen Homey’nin New Ways in Psychoanalysis (Keagan Paul, Londra, 1939) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcd\u00fclere hak ettikleri \u00f6nem ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vermedi\u011fini sonradan anlad\u0131. Daha sonra y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filimlerin cinsel e\u011filimler kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve insanda iki temel istek bulundu\u011fu noktas\u0131ndan hareket etti. Bunlardan biri ya\u015fama y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f bir itkiydi ve az \u00e7ok libidoyla ayn\u0131yd\u0131; di\u011feriyse, amac\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 y\u0131kmak olan \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bu ikincisinin cinsel enerjiyle birle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini ve sonra da ya ki\u015finin kendi ya\u015fam\u0131na ya da kendi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki nesnelere y\u00f6neltilebilece\u011fini varsayd\u0131. Aynca \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn organizmalarda do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen bir biyolojik nitelikten kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ya\u015fam\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\u00d6l\u00fcm i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fc varsay\u0131m\u0131, Freud’un daha \u00f6nceki kuramlar\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filimlerin \u00f6nemini ele almas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan doyurucudur. Ama y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bireyden bireye ve toplumsal gruptan gruba korkun\u00e7 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi olgusunu yeterince hesaba katmayan biyolojik bir a\u00e7\u0131klamaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan doyurucu de\u011fildir. Freud’un varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 do\u011fru olsayd\u0131, ki\u015finin gerek kendisine, gerek ba\u015fkalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinin, az \u00e7ok s\u00fcrekli oldu\u011funu kabul etmemiz gerekirdi. Oysa g\u00f6zlemlerimiz, bunun tam tersini g\u00f6stermektedir. K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczdeki bireyler aras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k boyutlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, toplumsal gruplar aras\u0131ndaki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k boyutlar\u0131 da e\u015fit olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Nitekim, \u00f6rne\u011fin Avrupa’daki a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 orta s\u0131n\u0131f \u00fcyelerinin ki\u015fili\u011findeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k miktar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131flardaki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k miktar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazla olmu\u015ftur. \u00eensanbilimsel incelemeler, baz\u0131 halklarda y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla olmas\u0131n\u0131n bunlar\u0131n belirleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, \u00f6te yanda baz\u0131 halklarda ister ki\u015filerin kendilerine, ister ba\u015fkalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olsun, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan iz bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmemize olanak vermi\u015ftir.
Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6klerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karma yolundaki giri\u015fimlere, bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 saptamak ve ba\u015fka hangi ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etmenlerin bulunabilece\u011fi sorunuyla, bu etmenlerin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k boyutundaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 saptamada hesaba al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorununu ele almakla ba\u015flamak gerekti\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m.
Ancak bu sorun, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir inceleme gerektirdi\u011finden, burada ele alamayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bununla birlikte, yan\u0131t\u0131n hangi y\u00f6nde aranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermek isterim. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki, bireylerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n derecesi ya\u015fam\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, serpilmesi ya da
geli\u015ftirilmesinin engellenmesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu derken, bireyin \u015fu ya da bu i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel iste\u011finin bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir ya\u015fam\u0131n engelleni\u015fini, insan\u0131n duyusal, co\u015fkusal ve zihinsel yetilerinin geli\u015fme ve dile getirilmesindeki kendili\u011findenli\u011fin engellenmesini anlatmak istiyoruz. Ya\u015fam\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir i\u00e7 dinamizmi vard\u0131r; bu b\u00fcy\u00fcme, dile getirilme ve ya\u015fanma e\u011filimindedir. Bu e\u011filimin engellenmesi halinde, ya\u015fama y\u00f6neltilen enerjinin, bir par\u00e7alanma s\u00fcreci ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f enerjilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka \u015fekilde s\u00f6yleyecek olursak: Ya\u015fama y\u00f6nelik itkiyle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik itki, ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z etmenler de\u011fildir, tersine i\u015fleyen bir i\u00e7sel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7indedirler. Ya\u015fama y\u00f6nelik itki ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engellenirse, y\u0131k\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik itki o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7lenecektir; ya\u015fam ne kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirse, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalacakt\u0131r. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131n sonucudur. Ya\u015fam\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan bireysel ve toplumsal ko\u015fullar \u2014ki\u015finin kendisine ya da ba\u015fkalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131\u2014 belli d\u00fc\u015fmans\u0131 e\u011filimlerini besleyen, deyi\u015f yerindeyse depoyu olu\u015fturan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k tutkusunu \u00fcretirler.
Toplumsal s\u00fcre\u00e7te y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dinamik rol\u00fcn ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlamak kadar bu duygunun yo\u011funlu\u011funu etkileyen ko\u015fullar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu anlamak da \u00f6nemlidir ku\u015fkusuz. Reform \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 saran ve Protestanc\u0131l\u0131ktaki belli dinsel kavramlarda, \u00f6zellikle de \u00e7ilecilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve Calvin’in \u00e7izdi\u011fi, insano\u011flunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flenmemi\u015f su\u00e7lardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ezeli lanetlenmi\u015fli\u011fe mahkum etmeyi ho\u015fnutlukla kar\u015f\u0131layan ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir Tanr\u0131 tablosunda anlat\u0131m bulan d\u00fc\u015fmans\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha \u00f6nce s\u00f6z konusu etmi\u015ftik. O d\u00f6nemde, daha sonra da oldu\u011fu gibi orta s\u0131n\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k duygular\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ok ya\u015famdan zevk alma olana\u011f\u0131na sahip ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan yo\u011fun k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ussalla\u015ft\u0131ran, bu k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa k\u0131l\u0131f olu\u015fturan ahlaksal \u00f6fke \u015feklinde d\u0131\u015fa vuruyordu. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdaki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmdeyse, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 orta s\u0131n\u0131flardaki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k duygusu bu y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 isteklere seslenen ve onlar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fta kullanan Nazizmin y\u00fckseli\u015finde \u00f6nemli bir etmen olu\u015fturdu. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 orta s\u0131n\u0131flardaki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6keninin, bu tart\u0131\u015fmada kabul edilen k\u00f6kenin ayn\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu kolayca g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Yani bu, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 orta s\u0131n\u0131flarda, yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flara g\u00f6re daha b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen, bireyin soyutlanmas\u0131 ve bireysel geni\u015flemenin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olgular\u0131nda yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sado-mazo\u015fist isteklerle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu kez i\u00e7ice bulunsalar da birbirlerinden ayn tutulmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini daha \u00f6nce belirtmi\u015ftik. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, etkin ya da edilgin ortakya\u015fama ere\u011fini de\u011fil, nesnesinin yok edilmesi ere\u011fini g\u00fctmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ama o da bireysel g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ve soyutlanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayan\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f\u0131m-daki d\u00fcnyaya k\u0131yasla g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fum duygusundan o d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yok etmekle ka\u00e7abilirim. Onu yok etmeyi ba\u015far\u0131rsam yaln\u0131z […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3962","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-psikoloji"},"yoast_head":"\nY\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde bir tutkudur | Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k - Erich Fromm - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde bir tutkudur | Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k - Erich Fromm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sado-mazo\u015fist isteklerle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu kez i\u00e7ice bulunsalar da birbirlerinden ayn tutulmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini daha \u00f6nce belirtmi\u015ftik. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, etkin ya da edilgin ortakya\u015fama ere\u011fini de\u011fil, nesnesinin yok edilmesi ere\u011fini g\u00fctmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ama o da bireysel g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ve soyutlanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayan\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f\u0131m-daki d\u00fcnyaya k\u0131yasla g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fum duygusundan o d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yok etmekle ka\u00e7abilirim. 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Erich Fromm - narteks.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde bir tutkudur | Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k - Erich Fromm","og_description":"Sado-mazo\u015fist isteklerle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu kez i\u00e7ice bulunsalar da birbirlerinden ayn tutulmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini daha \u00f6nce belirtmi\u015ftik. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, etkin ya da edilgin ortakya\u015fama ere\u011fini de\u011fil, nesnesinin yok edilmesi ere\u011fini g\u00fctmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ama o da bireysel g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ve soyutlanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayan\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f\u0131m-daki d\u00fcnyaya k\u0131yasla g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz oldu\u011fum duygusundan o d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yok etmekle ka\u00e7abilirim. Onu yok etmeyi ba\u015far\u0131rsam yaln\u0131z […]","og_url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/","og_site_name":"narteks.net","article_published_time":"2010-01-12T18:05:46+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.seruven.org\/blog\/uploaded_images\/World_War_Deli_Gucuk_by_draldede-762709.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Tar\u0131k","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@narteks","twitter_site":"@narteks","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Tar\u0131k","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"10 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/"},"author":{"name":"Tar\u0131k","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca"},"headline":"Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde bir tutkudur | Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k – Erich Fromm","datePublished":"2010-01-12T18:05:46+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/"},"wordCount":2100,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.seruven.org\/blog\/uploaded_images\/World_War_Deli_Gucuk_by_draldede-762709.jpg","articleSection":["Psikoloji"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/12\/yikici-guduler-kisinin-icinde-bir-tutkudur-yikicilik-erich-fromm\/","name":"Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcler ki\u015finin i\u00e7inde bir tutkudur | Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k - 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