{"id":3970,"date":"2010-03-15T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-03-14T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/"},"modified":"2010-03-15T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-03-14T22:00:00","slug":"insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar – Dostoyevski"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg\")
\u201d\u0130nsan kendi kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi?\u2026 Heine \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yazman\u0131n hemen hemen olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu, insan\u0131n kendisinden s\u00f6z ederken birtak\u0131m yalanlar katabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Heine\u2019ye g\u00f6re Rousseau \u2018\u0130tiraflar\u2019 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda mutlaka yalan \u00fcst\u00fcne yalan k\u0131v\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcstelik bunlar\u0131 gururu sebebiyle bilerek, isteyerek yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ben de Heine\u2019nin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum. \u0130nsan ger\u00e7ekten de bazen yaln\u0131zca gururu nedeniyle kendisini cinayete kadar uzanabilecek yalanlara bula\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bunun ne bi\u00e7im bir gurur oldu\u011funu da \u00e7ok iyi anl\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
Ama Heine, itiraf\u0131n\u0131 topluma, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na sunan bir kimseden s\u00f6z ediyordu. Oysa ben yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 yaln\u0131z kendim i\u00e7im yaz\u0131yorum.\u201d(s.55) der Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019da Dostoyevski. Hilmi Yavuz \u00dc\u00e7 Anlat\u0131 adl\u0131 eserinin birinci anlat\u0131s\u0131 olan Taormina adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Dostoyevski\u2019nin bu c\u00fcmlelerini t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde ama isim vermeden aktar\u0131r (metinleraras\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r ve bu, dikkatli, zeki okuyucuya bir g\u00f6ndermedir) \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cB\u00f6yle dedim -ve bir g\u00fcn, nescafeme s\u00fct koymay\u0131 unutarak, roman\u0131ma ba\u015flad\u0131m.\u201d 1 Otobiyografik roman yazaca\u011f\u0131ndan bahseder okuyucuya, kendi otobiyografisinin art\u0131k roman olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve otobiyografi kabul edilmeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in. Bu ba\u015ftan, eserime yalan kataca\u011f\u0131m ve anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131n hepsine inanmay\u0131n, demenin di\u011fer yoludur ya da otobiyografinin bir yeniden yaratma, kurgu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemenin de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imi. Bu noktada akla gelen soru \u015fudur, Dostoyevski\u2019nin okuyucusuna aktard\u0131klar\u0131ndan ne kadar\u0131 ger\u00e7ektir? \u00d6rne\u011fin romandaki kahraman\u0131n kendisine iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00e7arpan subaydan intikam alabilmek i\u00e7in mektupla onu d\u00fcelloya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 ama mektubu g\u00f6ndermemesi, yolda ona \u00e7arparak onurunu, gururunu kurtarmak i\u00e7in planlar yapmas\u0131, hangi mesafeden ne miktarda \u00e7arpaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek geceleri uykusuz kalmas\u0131\u2026 ya da Simonov\u2019un evinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski okul arkada\u015flar\u0131na kendisini zorla istenmedi\u011fi bir yeme\u011fe davet ettirmesi ve orada kavga \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ya da randevu evinde tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve -k\u0131r\u0131lan gururunun ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131\u011f\u0131- Lisa?\u2026ger\u00e7ek midir?\u00a0 Gen\u00e7 Dostoyevski bunlar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131 m\u0131 ve k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131nda olan\u0131, olan\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131 ya da ne kadar\u0131na yalan katt\u0131, cevab\u0131n\u0131 bilmemizse m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Asl\u0131nda bu metin ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bak\u0131\u015fla hat\u0131rat\/an\u0131, okuyucuyla i\u00e7ten samimi konu\u015fma ve tart\u0131\u015fmalarla sohbet, i\u00e7indeki olaylarla otobiyografik bir roman birlikteli\u011finde kompleks bir anlat\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131makta. Bu noktada anlat\u0131, bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi sadece bir kurgu\/fiction ve kahraman\u0131 da bir kurgu-karakter; ya da Andr\u00e9 Malraux: \u201cHer roman asl\u0131nda bir otobiyografidir.\u201ddedi\u011fi gibi, ger\u00e7e\u011fe biraz daha yakla\u015fan ya da ger\u00e7e\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir otobiyografik roman m\u0131d\u0131r sorusunun cevab\u0131 nedir? Dostoyevski\u2019e g\u00f6re cevap \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201dBu notlar da bunlar\u0131n yazar\u0131 da besbelli hayal \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte, toplumumuzun durumunu, yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alacak olursak, bu notlar\u0131n yazar\u0131 gibi ki\u015filerin aram\u0131zda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda zorunlu oldu\u011funu kabul ederiz. Benim b\u00fct\u00fcn istedi\u011fim, pek yak\u0131n bir zaman \u00f6ncesinin tiplerinden birini herkesin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcne daha a\u00e7\u0131k olarak sermektir. Bu tip, hen\u00fcz t\u00fckenmemi\u015f bir ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n temsilcisidir.\u201d2 ve ba\u015fka yerde de \u015funu: \u201c\u2026akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda ve namuslu bir adam\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etmekten en \u00e7ok ho\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131 konunun ne oldu\u011funu bilir misiniz? Cevab\u0131, ki\u015finin bizzat kendisidir\u2026 \u015fimdi ben de size kendimden bahsedece\u011fim\u2026\u201d(s.12)\u00a0 <\/p>\n
Tam k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131nda yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Dostoyevski Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019\u0131.3 Roman kahraman\u0131n\/kendisinin, k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131n olgunlu\u011fundan gen\u00e7 kahramana bak\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r asl\u0131nda bu eser. K\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131n yazar i\u00e7in sorgulama d\u00f6nemi olmas\u0131 ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmesidir bu eserin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedeni. Dostoyevski anlat\u0131s\u0131nda, \u201ct\u00fcm g\u00fczel ve yararl\u0131 \u015feyler k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131mda bana \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 verdi ama bu k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131ndayken oldu.\u201d(s.31)der ve kahraman\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7lik halinin kriti\u011fine ba\u015flar bu s\u00f6zden sonra.<\/p>\n
Yeralt\u0131, kendine ait bir alan, bir gizil k\u00f6\u015fe, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 izledi\u011fi g\u00f6zetleme kulesidir ama bir fildi\u015fi kule de\u011fildir. \u201cVard\u0131\u011f\u0131m sonuca g\u00f6re, en iyisi hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmamak! Her \u015feyden iyisi, bir k\u00f6\u015feye \u00e7ekilip seyirci kalmak. Onun i\u00e7in ya\u015fas\u0131n yer alt\u0131!\u201ddese de anlat\u0131n\u0131n kahraman\u0131, engel olamaz arzular\u0131na ve bir \u015fey yapmadan duramaz, yazar ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kendine ait odan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na, yer alt\u0131n\u0131 yer \u00fcst\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131r. Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ister, yazmak de\u011fildir sadece istedi\u011fi, herkesten, \u00e7evresinden daha iyidir, \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr, zekidir ve istedi\u011fi yerde de\u011fildir, ge\u00e7im tela\u015f\u0131 ona istediklerini yapma f\u0131rsat\u0131 vermez. Kendine ait odas\u0131 vard\u0131r ama o oda kiral\u0131kt\u0131r. K\u0131zg\u0131nd\u0131r bu y\u00fczden ona hak etti\u011fi de\u011feri ve sayg\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyen \u00e7evresine ve yer alt\u0131; sevgiden \u00e7ok nefret, mutluluktan \u00e7ok h\u00fcz\u00fcn, ac\u0131 doludur. Gen\u00e7li\u011finin t\u00fcm hayalleri, h\u00fcz\u00fcnleri, istekleri, hezeyanlar\u0131, sorgulamalar\u0131, gitgelleri, k\u00fcstahl\u0131k ve pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131\u2026 hepsi onun gizli kalm\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131ndan yer \u00fcst\u00fcne, ka\u011f\u0131da, okurun g\u00f6z\u00fcne sunulurlar -\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha g\u00f6rkemlidirler ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde- tam da okuyucusuyla sohbet eder havas\u0131nda ama asl\u0131nda kendisine tam bir i\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartma havas\u0131nda. Kendi sorular\u0131 kadar okuyucunun kendisine soraca\u011f\u0131 sorulara da cevap verir. K\u00fcstaht\u0131r yeri geldi\u011finde, kimi yerde ise bir \u00f6r\u00fcmcekten daha de\u011fersiz ve var olma, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlama derdindedir. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar Dostoyevski ve bu ifadeler ilerde Kafka\u2019y\u0131 etkileyecek ve onun De\u011fi\u015fim adl\u0131 (Gregor Samsa\u2019y\u0131 anlatan) roman\u0131n\u0131n esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u201dDe\u011ferli okurlar\u0131m, \u015fu an siz dinlenmek isteseniz de istemeseniz de ben sizlere bir \u015fey bile olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 anlatmak istiyorum. T\u00fcm i\u00e7tenli\u011fim ve ciddili\u011fimle s\u00f6yleyeyim, b\u00f6cek olmay\u0131 bile \u015fiddetle istedim. Ama ne yaz\u0131k ki buna bile ula\u015famad\u0131m.\u201d(s.13) \u201cOysa orada bana bir b\u00f6cek kadar bile de\u011fer vermediler.\u201d(S. 66) \u201cBen, herkesten daha ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve daha soylu, daha k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc olan ben; ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ezilip b\u00fcz\u00fclmekten, onlar\u0131n horlamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131la y\u0131k\u0131la, zararl\u0131 i\u011fren\u00e7 bir b\u00f6cek durumuna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm ve bunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck\u00e7e eriyor, kahroluyordum.\u201d(s. 70)<\/p>\n
Kendisini b\u00f6yle \u00f6nemserken, i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarla ba\u015f edemeyen ve kendisini istenmeyen, hor g\u00f6r\u00fclen, d\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131nda muamele edilen bir insan olarak g\u00f6rmek, asl\u0131nda insan olarak g\u00f6rememek ve bir b\u00f6cekten a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu vehmederek her \u015feyden ve \u00f6zellikle kendisinden nefret etmek. Asl\u0131nda subay Nevskiy\u2019le ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 asl\u0131nda ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama ya\u015famay\u0131 \u00e7ok istedi\u011fi olayda bu duygunun sebebi bellidir. \u201cBu subaya kar\u015f\u0131 sokakta bile e\u015fitmi\u015fiz gibi davranamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in kendimi yiyip bitiriyorum.\u201d(s.70)derken, hiyerar\u015finin ezdi\u011fi bir egonun e\u015fitsizli\u011fe duydu\u011fu h\u0131nc\u0131 dile getirir.<\/p>\n
A\u015fk anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tembellik ve bo\u015fluk duygusuna ba\u011flar kahraman. \u201c\u0130nan\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? \u0130ki kez de b\u00f6yle a\u015f\u0131k olmay\u0131 denedim ve bu y\u00fczden olmad\u0131k ac\u0131lar da \u00e7ektim. Kalbimin bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde bu ac\u0131ya inanmamazl\u0131k ve hem de bu ac\u0131yla alay etmek ye\u015ferirken, yine de ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcm. \u00dcstelik s\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131klam bir a\u015f\u0131k gibi k\u0131skan\u0131yor ve kendimi kaybediyordum. Bunun tek sebebi can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Maalesef bu bir can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131\u2026 Tembelli\u011fin ve bir \u015fey yapmaman\u0131n verdi\u011fi can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 beni eziyordu. Bunun sonucu da haylazl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6neliyordum. Zaten bu haylazl\u0131k, bilincin do\u011fal \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan tembellikten ba\u015fka nedir ki?\u201d (s.28)<\/p>\n
Kahraman\u0131n kendisini ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve zeki kabul etmesinin sebebi ise bir hayli ilgin\u00e7tir: \u201cDe\u011ferli okurlar\u0131m, belki de benim kendimi ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve zeki sanmam\u0131n tek sebebi hayat\u0131m boyunca ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir i\u015fi bitirmemi\u015f olmamd\u0131r. Ben de herkes gibi geveze, bo\u015fbo\u011faz, can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 birisi olay\u0131m ne \u00e7\u0131kar! Her ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve zeki insan\u0131n \u00f6nce geveze olmas\u0131, elbette havanda su d\u00f6vmesi aln\u0131na yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa elden bir \u015fey gelebilir mi?\u201d(s.29)<\/p>\n
Ve bir\u00e7ok yazar\u0131n da de\u011findi\u011fi 19.yy. ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n psikolojisi,\u00a0 de\u011ferleri ve var olma edimlerinin keskin ele\u015ftirisi. Kitap boyunca ad\u0131 olmayan ama ayd\u0131n olarak betimlenen karakterin kendisini de ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa sokarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlar:<\/p>\n
\u201dDe\u011ferli okuyucular\u0131m, and i\u00e7erim ki, her \u015feyi tam anlam\u0131yla alg\u0131lamak bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha yal\u0131n bir anlama g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u015fu kadersiz on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen anlay\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131, hatta d\u00f6rtte biri bile yeterlidir. Hele bu insanlar yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en duyars\u0131z, en f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 kentlerinden biri olan Petersburg\u2019ta oturmak gibi bir felakete de u\u011fram\u0131\u015flarsa daha az\u0131 bile yeter.\u201d(s.13)<\/p>\n
\u201dDe\u011ferli okuyucular\u0131m, sizlerden \u00f6z\u00fcr dilerim, di\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ya\u015fayan \u015fu on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131zlanmalar\u0131na, inlemelerine, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bir kulak verin. Art\u0131k onlar\u0131n inlemesi, ilk g\u00fcndeki gibi, yaln\u0131zca di\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan ileri gelen, kaba bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn inlemesinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Topraktan ve halk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnden s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131p uygarl\u0131ktan, Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden bir \u015feyler kapm\u0131\u015f bir insana yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r bi\u00e7imdeki inlemelerdir. \u0130nlemesi gitgide \u00e7irkinle\u015ferek, sonunda pis bir h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u2026 Yanlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131p durdu\u011fu ailesinin, yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ona hi\u00e7 inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, usan\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bu ki\u015finin \u015f\u0131mar\u0131k ve yapmac\u0131kl\u0131 durumundan uzak kalarak ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha do\u011fal ve yal\u0131n bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini \u00e7ok iyi bilmektedir. Bu alg\u0131lama ve rezilli\u011fini b\u00f6yle duyumsamas\u0131, bu i\u015ften ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zevkin belki de en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d(s.24)ve ekler okuyucusuna \u201cbu hazz\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u00e7tenli\u011fine inebilmeniz i\u00e7in daha geli\u015fmeniz, \u00fcst\u00fcn bir kavrama g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015fman\u0131z gerekiyor.(s.24) Siz bunu anlam\u0131yor ve g\u00fcl\u00fcyorsunuz. Ama \u00f6yle mi? Sevindim. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki \u015fakalar\u0131m\u0131n zevksiz, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve berbat oldu\u011funun bilincindeyim. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcvenim de yok. Ama bu benim kendime kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131 duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle. Neyse! Tam anlam\u0131yla anlama g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip bir insan hi\u00e7 kendine sayg\u0131 duyabilir mi?\u2026\u201d(s.25)<\/p>\n
\u201d\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131nki gibi bende de hastal\u0131kl\u0131 bir zihin geli\u015fimi vard\u0131. Bu ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc de birbirinden m\u0131ym\u0131nt\u0131, bir s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn koyunlar\u0131 gibi birbirinin ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Belki de dairemizde emek verenlerin i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z ben ayd\u0131n oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in, kendini \u00fcrkek, k\u00f6le ruhlu duyumsayan tek ki\u015fi de bendim. Yaln\u0131z duyumsamak olsa yine iyi, ben ger\u00e7ekten k\u00f6le ruhlunun, korka\u011f\u0131n al\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n biriyim. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olan her insan korkakt\u0131r, k\u00f6le ruhludur ve ne yaz\u0131k ki b\u00f6yle olmak zorundad\u0131r.\u201d(s.61)<\/p>\n
\u201dBizler hayata olan al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaybetti\u011fimiz, topallaya topallaya y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in, yazd\u0131klar\u0131m etkili olacak. Bizim hayata kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fumuz yabanc\u0131la\u015fma, canl\u0131 hayattan tiksinecek, onun ismini bile duymak istemeyecek derecededir. \u00dcstelik bu canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131, bir i\u015f gibi, bir g\u00f6rev gibi kabul ediyoruz ve onu kitaptan \u00f6\u011frenmeyi daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olarak tutuyoruz.\u201d(s.158)<\/p>\n
Kal\u0131plara, duvarlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar kahraman ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye \u00f6nem verir:\u201dS\u00f6z\u00fcn geli\u015fi, sana maymundan geldi\u011fimizi kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015flarsa, bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc buru\u015fturmadan kabul edeceksin. G\u00f6vdendeki tek bir ya\u011f damlas\u0131n\u0131n senin i\u00e7in y\u00fcz binlerce hemcinsininkinden de\u011ferli olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi; erdem, sorumluluk, safsata, bo\u015f inan\u00e7 denen \u015feylerin hep bu sonuca g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011fi kan\u0131tlan\u0131rsa yine oldu\u011fu gibi kabul edeceksin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc matemati\u011fin \u2018iki kere iki d\u00f6rt eder\u2019 kesin sonucu vard\u0131r bunlarda. Hele bir kar\u015f\u0131 durmaya kalk\u0131n; \u2018Aman efendim, nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131n\u0131z? Bu, iki kere ikinin d\u00f6rt etmesi kadar a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r! Do\u011fa size dan\u0131\u015fmaz, onun sizin isteklerinizle, yasalar\u0131n\u0131n ho\u015funuza gidip gitmedi\u011fiyle i\u015fi yoktur. Do\u011fay\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, b\u00fct\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla kabul etmek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. Duvar duvard\u0131r vb. vb.\u2019 diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131rlar. Aman tanr\u0131m, herhangi bir sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011fa yasalar\u0131 ile iki kere ikinin d\u00f6rt etti\u011fi ho\u015fuma gitmiyorsa, bana ne bu yasalardan, bana ne aritmetikten? Duvar\u0131 delmeye g\u00fcc\u00fcm yetmiyorsa, \u2018ille delece\u011fim\u2019 diye y\u0131rt\u0131nmam elbette; ama \u00f6n\u00fcmde y\u0131kmaya g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcn yetmedi\u011fi bir ta\u015f duvar bulunmas\u0131na da raz\u0131 olamam.\u201d(s.20-21)<\/p>\n
Ve kahraman\u0131n, yazma ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 okutma iste\u011finin kendince a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201dAma b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 yay\u0131nlatarak, ayr\u0131ca sizlere okutaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z e\u011fer, akl\u0131n\u0131za \u015fa\u015far\u0131m do\u011frusu. Sonra sizlere \u2018Say\u0131n baylar, de\u011ferli okuyucular\u0131m!\u2019diye ni\u00e7in hitap etti\u011fimi de bilmiyorum. Yazmaya ba\u015flamak istedi\u011fim itiraflar ne yay\u0131mlanabilir ne de ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir. Ya da \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yleyebilirim, ben kendimde bunu yapacak cesareti bulam\u0131yorum, ayr\u0131ca buna gerek de duymuyorum. Yaln\u0131z i\u00e7imde \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir istek var, bu iste\u011fe boyun e\u011fmeye karar verdim.\u201d(s.54-55)<\/p>\n
\u201dOysa ben yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 yaln\u0131z kendim i\u00e7in yaz\u0131yorum. Okuyucular\u0131ma ni\u00e7in mi sesleniyorum? Bunun daha kolay oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yorum.\u201d(s.55)<\/p>\n
\u201dBu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yazmamdaki as\u0131l hedefim nedir? Yazmam\u0131n sebebi okuyucular de\u011filse, an\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6kmemin bir anlam\u0131 var m\u0131? Beynimde de tutabilirdim. Ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde g\u00f6rkemli duruyor. \u00d6ylece etkisi artm\u0131\u015f olarak kendi ki\u015fili\u011fim hakk\u0131nda daha ciddi olarak karar verebilece\u011fim ve anlat\u0131m\u0131m\u0131n keskinli\u011fi de artacak, belki de i\u00e7imdekileri ka\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6kmekle rahatlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u2026 an\u0131 yazmak da bir \u00e7e\u015fit i\u015f de\u011fil midir? \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n insan\u0131 iyi ve namuslu yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerler. \u0130yi, hi\u00e7 olmazsa bu da bir \u015fans.\u201d(s.56-57)<\/p>\n
\u201dNotlar\u2019\u0131m\u0131 burada bitirsem mi? Zaten bunlar\u0131 yazmakla da yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yapt\u0131m, diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bunlar\u0131 yazarken de utan\u00e7la dolmaktan kendimi kurtaram\u0131yordum. Belki de benimkisi, edebi bir yap\u0131t yazmak de\u011fil de su\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131n bedelini \u00f6demek oldu\u2026(s.158) Fakat bu \u00e7eli\u015fkiler i\u00e7indeki hastan\u0131n Notlar\u2019\u0131 burada bitmiyor. O dayanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yazmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Fakat zannediyorum ki biz burada bir yolunu bulup durmal\u0131y\u0131z art\u0131k\u2026\u201d(s.160)<\/p>\n
Dostoyevski, Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019da bir anti-karakter yarat\u0131r ve kendi ifadesiyle, bir kahraman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ne varsa, \u00f6zellikle bir araya getirir. Bu kahramana; 19.yy. ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131, a\u015fk\u0131, sistemlerin vaat etti\u011fi iyile\u015fme ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131\u2026 gibi s\u00f6ylemleri, uygarl\u0131k nedir\u2019i, ak\u0131l-istek ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, insanl\u0131k tarihini, irade nedir\u2019i, insan\u0131n yapmak-y\u0131kmak e\u011filimini, insan\u0131n aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131l\u0131p yaz\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yazma iste\u011fini, kendine olan nefretini, duygular\u0131ndaki tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131, Rus-Alman ve Frans\u0131z romantiklerinin ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, okudu\u011fu kitaplar\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fine etkisini, hiyerar\u015finin bireyde yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ezik egoyu, hayallerini ve hayallerindeki olmak istedi\u011fi kahraman karakterini, \u00e7ocukluk ve gen\u00e7lik an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki sevgisizli\u011fi ve nefreti k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fini, evlilik hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, kad\u0131n, aile, kad\u0131n bedeninin a\u015fkla y\u00fckselece\u011fini ve sat\u0131l\u0131k kad\u0131n bedeninin kad\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n insanlar taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insan nedir\u2019i sorgulat\u0131r ve t\u00fcm bu sorgulamalarda z\u0131tl\u0131klarla dolu olan ve hayata kar\u015f\u0131 yabanc\u0131la\u015fma ya\u015fayan asosyal bireyi, \u00f6zellikle de ayd\u0131n -hatta daha \u00f6zelde Rus ayd\u0131n\u0131- \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131r. Orhan Pamuk, Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar i\u00e7in anlat\u0131n\u0131n arka kapa\u011f\u0131nda \u015fu tespitlerde bulunur: \u201cBug\u00fcn insan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda, kendi kokumuz, pisli\u011fimiz, yenilgilerimiz ve ac\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sahiplenip sevebilmek ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanman\u0131n zevklerinde bir mant\u0131k oldu\u011funu kabul etmek varsa bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019dad\u0131r. Modern edebiyatta pek \u00e7ok yenili\u011fin, Dostoyevski\u2019nin Avrupa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ona duydu\u011fu \u00f6fke, Avrupal\u0131 olmak ile Avrupa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak aras\u0131nda hissetti\u011fi kahredici gerginlikten \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak gene de rahatlat\u0131c\u0131\u2026 Bir yandan Rusya\u2019da i\u015flerin Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilece\u011fini bilmesi, \u00f6te yandan da Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fmac\u0131, materyalist ve ma\u011frur Rus ayd\u0131nlar\u0131na duydu\u011fu \u00f6fke, ya da Dostoyevski\u2019nin bilgisi ile \u00f6fkesi aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019\u0131n tuhafl\u0131\u011f\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ortaya.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hayat\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, gen\u00e7ken liberal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr Dostoyevski. Sibirya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc, sara hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile o, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde geleneklerine ba\u011fl\u0131, dini ve kiliseyi el \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutan, sa\u011fc\u0131 hatta ulusalc\u0131 bir kimli\u011fin sahibidir. Gen\u00e7 Dostoyevski, k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131ndan fazla ya\u015famak bence ay\u0131p bir \u015feydir derken hem de, 100 ya\u015f\u0131na dek ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131na Su\u00e7 ve Ceza, Kumarbaz, Ebedi Koca, Budala, Ecinniler, Delikanl\u0131, Karamozov Karde\u015fler, \u00d6l\u00fcler Evinden An\u0131lar, Beyaz Geceler\u2026 gibi ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu yap\u0131tlar i\u00e7in ne s\u00f6ylenebilir? Hermann Hesse, bir denemesinde Dostoyevski i\u00e7in: \u201cDostoyevski, ancak kendimizi berbat hissetti\u011fimizde, ac\u0131 \u00e7ekebilme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sonuna varm\u0131\u015fsak ve ya\u015fam\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle alev alev yanan bir yara diye alg\u0131l\u0131yorsak, e\u011fer art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca \u00e7aresizli\u011fi soluyorsak ve umutsuzlu\u011fun bin bir \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fsak, i\u015fte ancak o zaman okumam\u0131z gereken bir yazard\u0131r. Ancak o zaman, yani ac\u0131dan yapayaln\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f, felce u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olarak ya\u015fama bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, o vah\u015fi ve g\u00fczel ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ersinde ya\u015fam\u0131 art\u0131k anlayamaz oldu\u011fumuzda ve ondan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey istemedi\u011fimizde, evet, ancak o zaman bu korkun\u00e7 ve g\u00f6rkemli yazar\u0131n m\u00fczi\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131z demektir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda art\u0131k birer izleyici olmaktan, yaln\u0131zca okuduklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tad\u0131na var\u0131p onlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmekle yetinen ki\u015filer olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, Dostoyevski\u2019nin eserlerindeki o zavall\u0131 ve yoksul karde\u015flerin aras\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131z demektir; o zaman biz de onlar\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekeriz, onlarla birlikte, soluk bile almaks\u0131z\u0131n, ya\u015fam\u0131n anaforuna, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sonras\u0131z \u00f6\u011f\u00fcten de\u011fi\u015fmenine bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dikip kal\u0131r\u0131z. Ve yine ancak o zaman Dostoyevski\u2019nin m\u00fczi\u011fine, bizi teselli etmek i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylediklerine, sevgisine kulak veririz; ancak o zaman onun korkutucu, \u00e7o\u011fu kez cehennemden farks\u0131z d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 kavrar\u0131z.\u201d4 der, asl\u0131nda bu s\u00f6zler, Dostoyevski\u2019nin roman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zeti gibidir ve Dostoyevski okuyucusu iseniz onun kahramanlar\u0131ndan birinin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi mutlaka sizi size anlat\u0131yordur hem de hi\u00e7 taviz vermeden ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmak kayg\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp de ger\u00e7e\u011fi gizlemeden, \u00e7arp\u0131tmadan.<\/p>\n
Yazar\u0131n, \u201c\u2026sizlerin yar\u0131 yolda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u015feyleri, sonuna kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm yaln\u0131zca. Ayr\u0131ca siz korkakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc davranmak ad\u0131n\u0131 veriyor ve b\u00f6ylece kendinizi aldat\u0131yor ve avutuyorsunuz.\u201d(s.159) dedi\u011fi gibi, kendini kand\u0131rmaktan \u00e7ok kendini \u00e7\u00f6zmek isteyen okuyucunun yazar\u0131d\u0131r Dostoyevski ve her okurun bir yer alt\u0131 vard\u0131r yer \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 bekleyen\u2026<\/p>\n
Suzan Ba\u015farslan <\/strong><\/p>\n[1] Hilmi Yavuz, \u00dc\u00e7 Anlat\u0131, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1995, s.45.
[2] Dostoyevski, \u201dYeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u201d, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay., \u0130st. 2004, s., 15, (\u00c7ev. Mehmet \u00d6zg\u00fcl)
[3] Dostoyevsky, Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar, Akvaryum Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2005.(\u00c7ev.Zeynep G\u00fcle\u00e7)
[4] Ethem Baran, Kafka\u2019n\u0131n B\u00f6ce\u011finden Yer Alt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019a, Bilim ve Akl\u0131n Ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda E\u011fitim Dergisi,\u015eubat 2003, Y\u0131l 3, Say\u0131 36.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201d\u0130nsan kendi kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi?\u2026 Heine \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yazman\u0131n hemen hemen olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu, insan\u0131n kendisinden s\u00f6z ederken birtak\u0131m yalanlar katabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Heine\u2019ye g\u00f6re Rousseau \u2018\u0130tiraflar\u2019 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda mutlaka yalan \u00fcst\u00fcne yalan k\u0131v\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcstelik bunlar\u0131 gururu sebebiyle bilerek, isteyerek yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ben de Heine\u2019nin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum. \u0130nsan ger\u00e7ekten de bazen yaln\u0131zca gururu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3970","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kuram"},"yoast_head":"\n
\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar - Dostoyevski - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar - Dostoyevski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201d\u0130nsan kendi kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi?\u2026 Heine \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yazman\u0131n hemen hemen olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu, insan\u0131n kendisinden s\u00f6z ederken birtak\u0131m yalanlar katabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Heine\u2019ye g\u00f6re Rousseau \u2018\u0130tiraflar\u2019 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda mutlaka yalan \u00fcst\u00fcne yalan k\u0131v\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcstelik bunlar\u0131 gururu sebebiyle bilerek, isteyerek yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ben de Heine\u2019nin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum. \u0130nsan ger\u00e7ekten de bazen yaln\u0131zca gururu […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"narteks.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-03-14T22:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\"},\"headline\":\"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar – Dostoyevski\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-03-14T22:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/\"},\"wordCount\":3564,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Kuram\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/\",\"name\":\"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar - Dostoyevski - narteks.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-03-14T22:00:00+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar – Dostoyevski\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"description\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"narteks.net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/narteks\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\",\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Tar\u0131k\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/narteks.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar - Dostoyevski - narteks.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar - Dostoyevski","og_description":"\u201d\u0130nsan kendi kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi?\u2026 Heine \u00f6z ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yazman\u0131n hemen hemen olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu, insan\u0131n kendisinden s\u00f6z ederken birtak\u0131m yalanlar katabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Heine\u2019ye g\u00f6re Rousseau \u2018\u0130tiraflar\u2019 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda mutlaka yalan \u00fcst\u00fcne yalan k\u0131v\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcstelik bunlar\u0131 gururu sebebiyle bilerek, isteyerek yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ben de Heine\u2019nin hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum. \u0130nsan ger\u00e7ekten de bazen yaln\u0131zca gururu […]","og_url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/","og_site_name":"narteks.net","article_published_time":"2010-03-14T22:00:00+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Tar\u0131k","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@narteks","twitter_site":"@narteks","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Tar\u0131k","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"18 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/"},"author":{"name":"Tar\u0131k","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca"},"headline":"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar – Dostoyevski","datePublished":"2010-03-14T22:00:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/"},"wordCount":3564,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg","articleSection":["Kuram"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/","name":"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar - Dostoyevski - narteks.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg","datePublished":"2010-03-14T22:00:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.dgtyb.org\/files.php?file=Dostoyevski_221463929.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/15\/insan-kendisine-karsi-tumuyle-icten-olabilir-mi-yeraltindan-notlar-dostoyevski\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0130nsan kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u00e7ten olabilir mi? | Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar – Dostoyevski"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","name":"narteks.net","description":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"alternateName":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization","name":"narteks.net","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","width":300,"height":90,"caption":"narteks.net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/narteks","https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca","name":"Tar\u0131k","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Tar\u0131k"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/narteks.net"],"url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3970\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}