{"id":4031,"date":"2010-01-19T15:57:46","date_gmt":"2010-01-19T12:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/01\/19\/buyuk-oykucu-stefan-zweig-buyuk-usta-balzaci-anlatiyor-mehmet-gureli\/"},"modified":"2010-01-19T15:57:46","modified_gmt":"2010-01-19T12:57:46","slug":"buyuk-oykucu-stefan-zweig-buyuk-usta-balzaci-anlatiyor-mehmet-gureli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/19\/buyuk-oykucu-stefan-zweig-buyuk-usta-balzaci-anlatiyor-mehmet-gureli\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fc Stefan Zweig, b\u00fcy\u00fck usta Balzac’\u0131 anlat\u0131yor | Mehmet G\u00fcreli"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong>Zweig, ‘modern yazarlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck hayalperesti’, ‘Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Napoleon’u’ olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Balzac’\u0131, ‘Amok Ko\u015fucusu’ \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ke\u015ffeder ve y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 atar. \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne ara verir, akl\u0131n\u0131 kaybedece\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kadar ara\u015ft\u0131ran ve \u00fcslubunu bi\u00e7imlendirmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Balzac \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r, ne bulursa okur.
Bu hayranl\u0131k, bu tutku, biyografi denince akla gelen ilk isim olan Zweig i\u00e7in belki de ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n en kapsaml\u0131, en yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n da ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olur. Zweig i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck Balzac’a yakla\u015fmak, Taine’nin dedi\u011fi gibi, insani belgelerin sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck depoya ula\u015fmak, uzun bir yolculuk, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir macera demektir.<\/p>\n

Kendini, “herkes i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir insan\u0131m; hayat\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 kimse bilmez; zaten ben de bu s\u0131rr\u0131 kimseye a\u00e7mak niyetinde de\u011filim,” s\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131mlayan Balzac i\u00e7in en yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131ndan Theophile Gautier de \u015funlar\u0131 ekler:”Hi\u00e7 kimse Balzac’\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla yazmak iddias\u0131nda bulunamaz.”<\/p>\n

\u0130nsana dair bilgi hazinesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yazarken neredeyse hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yemeden, kahvesiyle ba\u015fba\u015fa, g\u00fcnde on sekiz saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Balzac, y\u00fcz cildi bulan eserlerinde o kadar \u00e7ok karakter yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki; onun i\u00e7in Paris n\u00fcfus dairesinden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. \u0130ki ay s\u00fcren b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan sonra ac\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hisseder, hakk\u0131nda bir yemek kitab\u0131 yaz\u0131labilecek bir sofrayla hayata d\u00f6nerdi. Ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki her olay\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplar\u0131nda dile getiren Balzac, ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki alt\u0131 \u00f6nemli kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc mektupla\u015fmalarla tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Balzac’\u0131n yazg\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7ok az tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir tutku ve hayal zenginli\u011finin dengesini bulamay\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Balzac’\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n simgesi olan Paris’e gelip t\u0131pk\u0131 onun gibi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 fethetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 birdir, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir inatla m\u00fccadelelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler, ama \u00e7o\u011fu hedefine ula\u015famadan s\u00fcr\u00fcklenip par\u00e7alan\u0131r. Tragedyan\u0131n tek kayna\u011f\u0131, tutkunun cehennemi g\u00fcc\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda eriyip giderler.<\/p>\n

Kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm felsefeler, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kahramanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle bir nehir gibi akar romanlar\u0131nda. Balzac, insana dair \u00f6yle geni\u015f bir bilgi hazinesi sunar ki; bu da dehas\u0131n\u0131n gizli mabedinden sunulan bir arma\u011fan olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir ancak. Ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yaz\u0131 masas\u0131nda ge\u00e7iren, sevgilisiyle y\u0131llarca mektupla\u015ft\u0131ktan, \u00e7ok az beraber olabildikten sonra \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce evlenebilen b\u00fcy\u00fck yarat\u0131c\u0131 sanki hi\u00e7 ya\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zweig’a g\u00f6re de, Balzac’\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. Bu ya\u015fama kar\u015f\u0131 hep a\u00e7l\u0131k duyan, iktidar iste\u011fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden neredeyse kafas\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f insan, ancak ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6tesinde kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc d\u00fcnyalar yaratarak, kendi yarat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda mutlulu\u011fu ve mutsuzlu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn korkun\u00e7 sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla ya\u015fayarak kendi ya\u015fam\u0131na bir anlam kazand\u0131rabilmi\u015f, tutkular\u0131n\u0131 doyurabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Balzac, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck , g\u00f6steri\u015fsiz, d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015feli masas\u0131na da, t\u0131pk\u0131 bir ‘simyac\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm potas\u0131na atmas\u0131 gibi’, yakla\u015f\u0131r ve onu sahip oldu\u011fu en de\u011ferli \u015feylerden daha fazla sever. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu masa en derin hazlar\u0131n\u0131n, en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131st\u0131raplar\u0131n tek s\u0131rda\u015f\u0131d\u0131r; bir tek o, ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sessiz tan\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. “T\u00fcm sefaletimi g\u00f6rd\u00fc, t\u00fcm planlar\u0131mdan haberdar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerime kulak misafiri oldu, yazarken \u00fczerine yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131mda kolum onu neredeyse zorbaca kulland\u0131.”<\/p>\n

Bir \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcren biyografi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda birbirinden g\u00fczel \u00f6yk\u00fclerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcleriyle de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yap\u0131tlar sunmu\u015f olan Zweig, kendi s\u00f6zleriyle, kazananlardan \u00e7ok kaybedenler hakk\u0131nda yazmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir. Nietzsche, H\u00f6lderlin, Kleist, Macellan, Erasmus, Amerigo Vespucci, Fouche, Casanova, Marie Antoinette, Maria Stuart, Romain Rolland, Dickens, Stendhal, Tolstoy,<\/p>\n

Montaigne gibi ki\u015filikler, onun d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda birer roman kahraman\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrler. Zweig’\u0131n hayranl\u0131k duydu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar ise, ‘\u0130nsanl\u0131k Komedyas\u0131’n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Honore de Balzac’t\u0131r. Balzac’la birlikte i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ansiklopedisi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bir roman anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: “…ak\u015famlar\u0131 Balzac’tan yine sessiz sakin \u00f6\u011frenilecek \u015feyler.” \u00f6yle ki, otuz y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu dev yazar\u0131n gizli mabedinde sonu olmayan bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar Balzac’\u0131n destan\u0131n\u0131 yazmay\u0131 dener. Ve bu en b\u00fcy\u00fck edebiyat i\u015f\u00e7isinin fantastik, abs\u00fcrd ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Son y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi Brezilya’da Balzac \u00fczerine notlar\u0131ndan ve bir\u00e7ok kitab\u0131ndan yoksun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de, derin bir karamsarl\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131l\u0131r, d\u00f6nemin ac\u0131lar\u0131na yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi gibi olu\u015fturamaman\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 da eklenir.<\/p>\n

Balzac, bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan ilgin\u00e7 gelir Zweig’a. Sadece bir yazar olarak da de\u011fil. Ya\u015fam\u0131 garipliklerle dolu biridir. \u00c7eli\u015fkileri, tutkular\u0131, hayalleri, giri\u015fimleri, enerjisi, h\u0131rs\u0131, g\u00f6rme yetisi, sezgileri ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 her yerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar, bizleri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131r; hepsi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcd\u00fcr. Zweig’\u0131n s\u00f6zleriyle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, son nefesine kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n tek amac\u0131 olur. Kendisine \u0131st\u0131rap veren yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gizli bir haz duyar, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bedeninden ve esnek ruhundan hep daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131, hatta en fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartan \u015feytani enerjisinin, yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, irade g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn keyfine var\u0131r. G\u00fcnlerini ve gecelerini bu k\u0131zg\u0131n oca\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ine s\u00fcren Balzac, gururla \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyecektir: “Benim sefih var olu\u015fum, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamda sakl\u0131d\u0131r!”<\/p>\n

Tedirginlik i\u00e7inde<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zweig, Balzac’\u0131 incelemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da, el yazmalar\u0131ndan onun yap\u0131tlar\u0131na sakin ba\u015flayabildi\u011fini ama giderek zaman ve bor\u00e7lar nedeniyle h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve finale do\u011fru m\u00fcthi\u015f bir h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zweig’\u0131n bu yap\u0131t\u0131 da sava\u015f\u0131n korkun\u00e7 y\u0131llar\u0131nda garip bir yazg\u0131y\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131r. Y\u0131llarca \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Balzac notlar\u0131 Zweig’\u0131n elinde de\u011fildir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Avrupa’da kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O da bunun ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. \u0130lk e\u015fi Friderike’ye Brezilya’n\u0131n Petropolis kentinden \u015f\u00f6yle yazar:<\/p>\n

“…\u00f6ylesine tedirginlik i\u00e7indeyim ki, derli toplu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemez oldum art\u0131k. Sonra da o elde kalan tek \u015feyimiz, bu sava\u015f\u0131n y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrece\u011fi, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc<\/p>\n

durumumuzdan kurtulup da yine yurdumuza yerle\u015febilmemiz i\u00e7in y\u0131llar\u0131n ve y\u0131llar\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi hakikati, bo\u011fuyor insan\u0131. (…) Ba\u015fl\u0131ca eserim Balzac’\u0131, iki y\u0131l daha rahat bir ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn kitaplar\u0131m olmadan asla bitiremiyece\u011fimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, pek \u00e7etin geliyor.” Stefan Zweig, bu mektuptan bir g\u00fcn sonra 23 \u015fubat 1942’de ikinci e\u015fi Lotte’yle can\u0131na k\u0131yar.<\/p>\n

Balzac ise yaratman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcyle \u00e7ocuklu\u011fun karanl\u0131k odas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kutsal alan\u0131na girer, dehan\u0131n kendinden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131yla oyunlara dalar ve k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sald\u0131rma \u00e7anlar\u0131 duyulurken yeniden masas\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6ker, yazmaya ba\u015flar. Son yazd\u0131klar\u0131, tek sat\u0131rla art\u0131k yazamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Zweig, ‘modern yazarlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck hayalperesti’, ‘Frans\u0131z edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Napoleon’u’ olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Balzac’\u0131, ‘Amok Ko\u015fucusu’ \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ke\u015ffeder ve y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 atar. \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne ara verir, akl\u0131n\u0131 kaybedece\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kadar ara\u015ft\u0131ran ve \u00fcslubunu bi\u00e7imlendirmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Balzac \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r, ne bulursa okur.Bu hayranl\u0131k, bu tutku, biyografi denince akla gelen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4031","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kuram"},"yoast_head":"\nB\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fc Stefan Zweig, b\u00fcy\u00fck usta Balzac'\u0131 anlat\u0131yor | Mehmet G\u00fcreli - 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