{"id":4041,"date":"2010-01-21T09:47:27","date_gmt":"2010-01-21T06:47:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/01\/21\/karl-marks-kendini-hangi-edebi-kahramana-benzetiyordu-soner-yalcin\/"},"modified":"2010-01-21T09:47:27","modified_gmt":"2010-01-21T06:47:27","slug":"karl-marks-kendini-hangi-edebi-kahramana-benzetiyordu-soner-yalcin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/21\/karl-marks-kendini-hangi-edebi-kahramana-benzetiyordu-soner-yalcin\/","title":{"rendered":"Karl Marks kendini hangi edebi kahramana benzetiyordu ? | Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel kriz Karl Marks\u2019\u0131 yine d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ekonomistleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 muhafazakar isimler bile Marks\u2019\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ven yaz\u0131lar kaleme almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem Marks yeniden okunup, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir Marks, Kapital\u2019i yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sanki bu durumu \u00f6nceden tespit etmi\u015fti! Dava arkada\u015f\u0131 F. Engels\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta kendisini bir hikaye kahraman\u0131na benzetti\u011fini yazd\u0131. Marks, hangi \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar\u0131n, hangi eserinin kahraman\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015fti? Neden kendini ona benzetmi\u015fti? Gelin 1867 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 16 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fcne gidelim\u2026<\/p>\n

Tarih 16 A\u011fustos 1867. Londra.Saat: 02.00 Karl Marks geceleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu hep.Sadece ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131p kitap yazm\u0131yordu; 1864\u2019de kurulan \u201cEnternasyonal \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fi\u201dnin faaliyetleri de zaman\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yordu. Bu nedenle yazmaya ancak geceleri f\u0131rsat buluyordu.Uzun d\u00f6nemdir \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 yeni bitirmi\u015fti. Heyecanla, 25 y\u0131ld\u0131r her f\u0131rsatta yan\u0131nda olan, maddi-manevi katk\u0131larda bulunan dava arkada\u015f\u0131 Friedrich Engels\u2019e mektup yazd\u0131:\u201cSevgili Fred\u2026Kitab\u0131m\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 \u2018Kapital: Politik Ekonominin Ele\u015ftirisi\u2019 koydum\u2026\u201d D\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131ndan beri temize \u00e7ekti\u011fi Kapital\u2019in birinci cildine son noktay\u0131 az \u00f6nce koymu\u015ftu.\u201cB\u00f6ylece bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm bitmi\u015f oluyor. Bunun olabilmesi senin sayendedir. Benim i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n fedakarl\u0131klar olmasayd\u0131, bu korkun\u00e7 i\u015fi yapamazd\u0131m\u2026\u201dHastayd\u0131; karaci\u011ferinden rahats\u0131zd\u0131. Bazen iki ay yataktan \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 oluyordu.Ama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131yordu. \u00c7ok titizdi; her kitaba ula\u015fmak, okumak, \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bazen k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar i\u00e7in Engels\u2019ten yard\u0131m istiyordu:Engels ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p Marks\u2019\u0131n istedi\u011fi eserleri mutlaka buluyordu: Bu bazen James Edwin Th. Rogers\u2019in \u201c\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Tar\u0131m\u0131n ve Fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi\u201d ya da John Watts\u2019\u0131n, \u201cSendikalar Grevler, Makinalar, Kooperatif Topluluklar\u0131\u201d gibi kitaplar oluyor; kimi zaman da \u0130ngiltere parlamento tutanaklar\u0131 ya da \u0130ngiliz sanayiinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumlar\u0131yla ilgili raporlar olabiliyordu.Evet, asl\u0131nda 20 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131nd\u0131r \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, para-sermaye ili\u015fkisi, eme\u011fin sermayeye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, mallar\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131, i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, makinalar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi politik-ekonominin ele\u015ftirisini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorucu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015fti sonunda.Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ailesini, mutlulu\u011funu feda etti\u011fi; u\u011fruna yoksulluk \u00e7ekip paltosunu, saatini tefeciye verdi\u011fi kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu i\u015fte.Ama Karl Marks\u2019\u0131n kafas\u0131nda bir korku vard\u0131\u2026 <\/p>\n

BALZAC\u2019A HAYRANDI <\/p>\n

Karl Marks, Frans\u0131z yazar Honore de Balzac\u2019a hayrand\u0131. Onun kentsoylu d\u00fczene yukar\u0131dan bakan, para-zevk ve iktidar\u0131n temel amaca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlatan eserlerini \u00e7ok be\u011feniyor; \u201ci\u015fte ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i yazar\u201d diyordu.Balzac 1845 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d adl\u0131 eserini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. (Bu eser T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye tam 100 y\u0131l sonra 1945\u2019te \u201cBilinmeyen \u015eaheser\u201d ad\u0131yla Nahit S\u0131rr\u0131 \u00d6rik taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrildi.) \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden ba\u015flayarak \u00f6zellikle sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok ilgilendirdi; Cezzanne, Picasso gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck ressamlar\u0131 derinden etkiledi; \u00fczerinde sanat tarih\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lan bir yap\u0131t oldu.Balzac\u2019\u0131n eserinin kahraman\u0131 Frenhofer ressamd\u0131.Tuvalinde yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserinin kusursuz olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor; onunla tutkuyla bir a\u015fk ili\u015fkisi ya\u015f\u0131yordu sanki. 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r at\u00f6lyesine kapanm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ileli bir hayatla aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7indeydi. Resimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131, sergilemek bile istemiyordu.Ama bir g\u00fcn gizli ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131, resimlerine hayran gen\u00e7 bir ressam ile sanatsal bilgilerine g\u00fcvendi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka ressama g\u00f6sterdi. \u0130kilinin resimi hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6yledikleri Frenhofer\u2019i \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rtt\u0131. Her iki ressam da uzun uzun tuvale bak\u0131p hi\u00e7bir \u015fey anlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 itiraf etmi\u015flerdi.Ressam Frenhofer k\u0131zg\u0131nd\u0131; hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 i\u015fte. O gece ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bunal\u0131m sonucu intihar etti.Ve Balzac hikayesini b\u00f6ylece bitirdi\u2026 Asl\u0131nda ressam Frenhofer\u2019in yarat\u0131m\u0131, \u201csoyut resim\u201d idi; bu nedenle hem de meslekta\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bile anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131! Araya girip bir not aktarmal\u0131y\u0131m: Balzac\u2019\u0131n \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1845\u2019te\u00a0 \u201csoyut resim\u201d nedir bilinmiyordu! \u0130\u015fte \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d\u0131 sanat tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan da bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiydi asl\u0131nda! Peki, Balzac bunu nas\u0131l ke\u015ffetmi\u015fti, bilinmiyor. Eserini yazarken resim teknikleri konusunda bilgi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ressam G. Boulanger idi ve onun da \u201csoyut resim\u201d ile ilgisi filan yoktu.Bu arada ekleyeyim Boulanger, bizim \u015eeker Ahmet Pa\u015fa, S\u00fcleyman Seyid, Osman Hamdi gibi ressamlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da Paris\u2019te hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neyse, yok \u201csoyut resim\u201d yok bizim ressamlar diyerek kafan\u0131z\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmayal\u0131m. Gelelim Karl Marks\u2019\u0131n, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde olan ressam Frenhofer\u2019den nas\u0131l etkilendi\u011fine\u2026 <\/p>\n

MARKS\u2019IN KAFASINDAK\u0130 KORKU <\/p>\n

Karl Marks, gerek g\u00fcndelik gerekse yaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan yoruldu\u011funda evindeki sedire uzan\u0131p be\u011fendi\u011fi okumaktan hep keyif ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cervantes, Shakespeare gibi ustalar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz eserlerini okurdu. Ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca edebi yap\u0131tlarla hep yak\u0131ndan ilgilendi, s\u00fcrekli okudu.\u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Karl Marks\u2019\u0131 da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc, heyecanland\u0131rd\u0131. Balzac\u2019\u0131n bilgece, i\u00e7ten, ironik bu eserini b\u00fcy\u00fclenmi\u015f gibi elinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeden bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da okudu. Ve dahi ressam Frenhofer\u2019\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k ve s\u00fcrekli aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olan ruhuyla kendisi aras\u0131nda benzerlikler buldu.Marks da y\u0131llard\u0131r k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere, m\u00fczelere, kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kapanarak Kapital\u2019i kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yorulmadan yaz\u0131lar\u0131na eklemeler \u00e7\u0131karmalar yaparak s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini tam olarak ifade edip etmedi\u011finden emin olam\u0131yor, tekrar tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.\u00d6rne\u011fin: \u0130ngiliz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mevzuat\u0131na ili\u015fkin yirmi sayfa yazmak i\u00e7in, \u0130ngiliz ve \u0130sko\u00e7 tahkikat komisyonlar\u0131 ve fabrika m\u00fcfetti\u015flerinin raporlar\u0131n\u0131 bile g\u00fcnlerce aray\u0131p bulmu\u015f ve okumu\u015ftu.Sonu\u00e7ta \u00e7ileli, yorucu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. Dahi ressam Frenhofer gibi devrimci bir aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olan Marks, yeni s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu; bunlar anla\u015f\u0131lacak m\u0131yd\u0131?Kapitalizmdeki egemen \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisini, \u00fccretli eme\u011fin sermaye taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesini, sermayenin dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, sermaye kar ili\u015fkisini vb. insanlar do\u011fru anlayabilecekler miydi?\u0130\u00e7inde ku\u015fku vard\u0131; anla\u015f\u0131lamama ku\u015fkusu. T\u0131pk\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131; Goethe, Schiller, Beethoven, Stendal, Gogol, Pu\u015fkin, Goya vd oldu\u011fu gibi\u2026 <\/p>\n

\u201cBALZAC\u2019I OKUMALISIN\u201d <\/p>\n

Karl Marks, Engels\u2019le her s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131, duygusunu payla\u015f\u0131yordu.Mektubunda Balzac\u2019\u0131n \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka okumas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ruh halini ressam Frenhofer\u2019e benzetiyordu!Frenhofer ile ya\u015fam\u0131nda benzerlikler olsa da Marks bilim adam\u0131yd\u0131 ve bu nedenle daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7iydi. Marks, Engels\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:\u201cZavall\u0131 ressam. M\u00fckemmelli\u011fi ararken, kendi sanat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130nsan gerekti\u011fi yerde durmas\u0131n\u0131 ve noktay\u0131 koymas\u0131n\u0131 bilmeli, de\u011fil mi? M\u00fckemmel, iyinin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Balzac\u2019\u0131n, yapt\u0131klar\u0131yla hi\u00e7bir zaman yetinmeyen kahraman\u0131n\u0131n ruhunu anl\u0131yorum ben.\u201d Engels, \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d\u0131 okudu mu; \u00fczerinde bir daha konu\u015ftular m\u0131 bilinmiyor. \u201cSe\u00e7me Yaz\u0131lar\u201d adl\u0131 eserde bu konuyla ilgili sadece Marks\u2019\u0131n mektubu var.Ama Marks\u2019\u0131n Kapital\u2019i bitirdi\u011finde ba\u015fta Engels olmak \u00fczere yak\u0131n dostlar\u0131na okuttu\u011fu bilgisi var. Gen\u00e7 ressam Porbus ustas\u0131 ressam Frenhofer\u2019in tablosundan hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey anlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Oysa Engels ustas\u0131 Marks\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok etkilendi.Frenhofer\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131na gelen Marks\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelmedi.Ancak Marks bilim adam\u0131yd\u0131; akademik formasyonu vard\u0131; do\u00e7entti. Bu nedenle felsefi ve ekonomik terimleri s\u0131k kullanan Marks\u2019\u0131n dili a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri insanlara karma\u015f\u0131k geldi ve bu nedenle Kapital zor okundu. Di\u011fer yandan Kapital, i\u00e7erik, ansiklopedik zenginlik, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck, mant\u0131k ve vuruculuk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6vg\u00fcy\u00fc hak etmi\u015fti.Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i Marks ile \u00f6yk\u00fc kahraman\u0131 Frenhofer\u2019in yazg\u0131s\u0131 ayr\u0131yd\u0131 art\u0131k\u2026\u00a0 <\/p>\n

B\u0130SMARCK\u2019IN TEKL\u0130F\u0130 <\/p>\n

Kapital\u2019inin ilk cildi 14 Eyl\u00fcl 1867\u2019de Almanya\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Marks, ku\u015fkusuz Kapital ile d\u00fcnya devrimini ama\u00e7lad\u0131.Ama o da insand\u0131; babayd\u0131; telif haklar\u0131n\u0131n mali sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek, eski bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek ve eve bir \u015feyler almak i\u00e7in kendisine faydas\u0131 dokunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131yordu.\u00a0 Ama eline ge\u00e7en o kadar azd\u0131 ki kendisinin de alayla belirtti\u011fi gibi kitab\u0131 yazarken i\u00e7ti\u011fi t\u00fct\u00fcn paras\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya bile yetmiyordu! Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada hala, \u0130ncil\u2019den sonra en \u00e7ok satan kitap olarak g\u00f6sterilen Kapital ilk bask\u0131s\u0131nda 1000 adet bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve ilk bask\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bitti.Marks\u2019\u0131n, \u201cProletaryan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fc sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, cesur, d\u00fcr\u00fcst, mert, unutulmaz dostum Wilhelm Wolff\u2019a\u201d diyerek adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kapital\u2019i medya g\u00f6rmezlikten geldi. Hakk\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre hi\u00e7bir yaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131.Kapital, Almanya, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa yerine bir ba\u015fka \u00fclkede \u00e7ok fazla ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131: Rusya!Lenin\u2019in 1917\u2019de Rusya Devrimi Marks\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda duyulmas\u0131na, okunmas\u0131na ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu. Ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki her toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim Marks\u2019\u0131n etkisini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Bu arada ileri de Almanya\u2019y\u0131 birle\u015ftirecek olan \u201cdemir yumruk\u201d Lauenburg D\u00fck\u00fc Otto Von Bismarck, Marks\u2019a haber g\u00f6nderdi; b\u00fcy\u00fck yeteneklerini Alman halk\u0131 yarar\u0131na kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Marks kendisine zenginlik, itibar ve en \u00f6nemlisi ana yurduna d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flayacak teklifi reddetti; yerinin proletaryan\u0131n yan\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.Bu \u015fekilde zenginle\u015fmeyi reddeden Marks, gazetelere yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralar ve Engels gibi dostlar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla ge\u00e7indiriyordu ailesini. Mektubunda Engels\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:\u201cG\u00f6nderdi\u011fin 15 sterlini ald\u0131m, \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim benim sevgili, d\u00fcr\u00fcst dostum\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Marks, zaman\u0131n\u0131n ve enerjisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sosyalist I. Enternasyonal\u2019e ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Kapital\u2019in ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ciltlerini yeti\u015ftirmeye \u00f6mr\u00fc yetmedi. 1883\u2019te 65 ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti; iki cildi Marks\u2019\u0131n notlar\u0131ndan Engels tamamlay\u0131p yay\u0131nlad\u0131.Aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7ti\u2026K\u00fcresel kriz bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131n\u0131 kas\u0131p kavuruyor. Karl Marks \u015fimdi tekrar reva\u00e7ta. \u0130nsan soramadan edemiyor; Marks\u2019\u0131n asl\u0131nda yazg\u0131s\u0131, gelece\u011fin sanat\u0131n\u0131 yapan Frenhofer\u2019e benzemiyor mu? Devrimcileri, eserlerini anlayabilmek i\u00e7in zaman gerekiyor belki de, kim bilir\u2026 Balzac\u2019\u0131n \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d eserinin kahraman\u0131 Frenhofer\u2019le kendini sadece Karl Marks\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmedi.Kusursuz bir yarat\u0131y\u0131 arayan ressam Frenhofer, bir\u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 da etkiledi.Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda modern sanat\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc kabul edilen; empresyonizmle k\u00fcbizm aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurmu\u015f olan ressam Paul Cezanne (1839\u20131906) geliyordu. O da Frenhofer gibi yaratma s\u00fcrecine tutkuyla ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u00e7ile adam\u0131yd\u0131. Yan\u0131nda \u201c\u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k\u201d yapm\u0131\u015f Emile Bernard, \u201cCezanne \u00dczerine An\u0131lar\u201d kitab\u0131nda bir hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yordu:\u201cBir ak\u015fam ona Balzac\u2019\u0131n Gizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u2019\u0131ndan ve hikayesinin kahraman\u0131 Frenhofer\u2019den s\u00f6z a\u00e7t\u0131m; masadan kalkt\u0131, gelip \u00f6n\u00fcme dikildi ve i\u015faret parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne bast\u0131rarak \u2013a\u011fz\u0131ndan tek s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kmadan ve bu hareketi art arda yineleyerek- \u00f6yk\u00fcdeki ki\u015finin kendisi oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle heyecanlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, g\u00f6zleri ya\u015flarla dolmu\u015ftu.\u201dCezanne kara kalem taslaklar\u0131nda \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d\u0131n sahnelerini resmetti. Bunlardan biri; Frenhofer\u2019in tablosunu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, di\u011feri de resmi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sahneydi. Bunlar \u0130svi\u00e7re Basel Kunstmuseum\u2019da sergilenmektedir. Balzac\u2019\u0131n \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d\u0131na tutkuyla ba\u011fl\u0131, kahraman\u0131 Frenhofer\u2019le kendini \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiren bir di\u011fer d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ressam ise Pablo Picasso (1881\u20131973) idi.Balzac\u2019\u0131n eserinden o kadar etkilenmi\u015fti, \u00f6yk\u00fcdeki olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Paris\u2019teki Biere de Bretteville kona\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kiralay\u0131p, 1936\u20131955 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda burada ya\u015fad\u0131.(\u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi\u2019ne \u00e7eviren ve ne yaz\u0131k ki kitap \u00e7\u0131kmadan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce vefat eden mimar Samih R\u0131fat,\u00a0 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklarda Frenhofer\u2019in bu konukta oturdu\u011funa dair bilgi bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131yor kitab\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde.)Cezanne gibi Picasso da, dahi ressam Frenhofer\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kara kalemle resimleyerek \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirdi. Sanat kitaplar\u0131 yay\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Ambroise Vollard\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Picasso resimledi. \u00c7ok az say\u0131da bas\u0131lan bu eser bug\u00fcn koleksiyonerler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Frenhofer sadece ressamlar\u0131 etkilemedi.Michel Leiris, Hubert Damisch, Michel Serres, Georges Didi-Huberman gibi yazarlar da ressam Frenhofer ile ilgilendiler; denemeler kaleme ald\u0131lar.Bizim yazarlar\u0131m\u0131z da ilgisiz kalmad\u0131 Balzac\u2019\u0131n edebi kahraman\u0131 Frenhofer\u2019e. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Enis Batur, \u201cFrenhoferolmak\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.Amerikal\u0131 sanat tarih\u00e7isi Dore Ashton, bu ilgiyi \u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201d mitosu \u00fczerine kapsaml\u0131 bir incelemeyle kaleme ald\u0131.\u201cGizli Ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u201da sinema da ilgisiz kalamad\u0131. Frans\u0131z y\u00f6netmen Jacques Rivette, Balzac\u2019\u0131n eserini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze uyarlayarak \u00e7ekti. Film 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cannes\u2019da \u00f6d\u00fcl ald\u0131.Siyaset bilimciler, ressamlar, yazarlar, y\u00f6netmenler Frenhofer\u2019i ne kadar kendileriyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirseler de, Frenhofer asl\u0131nda Balzac\u2019\u0131n ta kendisi de\u011fil miydi?Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde anla\u015f\u0131lamayan ressam Frenhofer karakterini yaratan Balzac, bug\u00fcn Paris\u2019te Pere Lachaise Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yat\u0131yor; biraz ilerisinde bizden iki \u201cFrenhofer\u201d uyumaktad\u0131r: Ahmet Kaya ve Y\u0131lmaz G\u00fcney!… <\/p>\n

Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcresel kriz Karl Marks\u2019\u0131 yine d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ekonomistleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 muhafazakar isimler bile Marks\u2019\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ven yaz\u0131lar kaleme almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem Marks yeniden okunup, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir Marks, Kapital\u2019i yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sanki bu durumu \u00f6nceden tespit etmi\u015fti! Dava arkada\u015f\u0131 F. Engels\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta kendisini bir hikaye kahraman\u0131na benzetti\u011fini yazd\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[137],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4041","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-edebiyat-turkiye"},"yoast_head":"\nKarl Marks kendini hangi edebi kahramana benzetiyordu ? | Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/21\/karl-marks-kendini-hangi-edebi-kahramana-benzetiyordu-soner-yalcin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Karl Marks kendini hangi edebi kahramana benzetiyordu ? | Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"K\u00fcresel kriz Karl Marks\u2019\u0131 yine d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ekonomistleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 muhafazakar isimler bile Marks\u2019\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ven yaz\u0131lar kaleme almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem Marks yeniden okunup, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir Marks, Kapital\u2019i yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sanki bu durumu \u00f6nceden tespit etmi\u015fti! Dava arkada\u015f\u0131 F. Engels\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta kendisini bir hikaye kahraman\u0131na benzetti\u011fini yazd\u0131. 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B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc ekonomistleri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de baz\u0131 muhafazakar isimler bile Marks\u2019\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ven yaz\u0131lar kaleme almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem Marks yeniden okunup, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir Marks, Kapital\u2019i yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sanki bu durumu \u00f6nceden tespit etmi\u015fti! Dava arkada\u015f\u0131 F. Engels\u2019e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta kendisini bir hikaye kahraman\u0131na benzetti\u011fini yazd\u0131. 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