{"id":4061,"date":"2010-01-22T14:27:06","date_gmt":"2010-01-22T11:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/01\/22\/gezgin-ile-golgesi-fredrich-nietzsche\/"},"modified":"2010-01-22T14:27:06","modified_gmt":"2010-01-22T11:27:06","slug":"gezgin-ile-golgesi-fredrich-nietzsche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/22\/gezgin-ile-golgesi-fredrich-nietzsche\/","title":{"rendered":"Gezgin \u0130le G\u00f6lgesi | Fredrich Nietzsche"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"images\/stories\/nietzsche1.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"155\" height=\"205\" style=\"float: left;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>\u00c7oktand\u0131r dinlemedim konu\u015fman\u0131, bir kolayl\u0131k vermek isterdim sana konu\u015fas\u0131n diye.<br \/><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Biri konu\u015fuyor \u2013 nerededir? Kimdir? \u00d6yle yak\u0131n ki bana, dersin benim konu\u015fan; oysa c\u0131l\u0131z \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor sesi benimkinden.<br \/><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>(Bir s\u00fcre sonra) Sevinmiyor musun bir konu\u015fma yolu buldu\u011funa?<br \/><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130nanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m Tanr\u0131ya da, b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klara da ant olsun ki g\u00f6lgemdir konu\u015fan; duyuyorum konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, inanm\u0131yorum yaln\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>B\u0131rakal\u0131m art\u0131k bunu, uzun boylu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyelim; bir saat i\u00e7inde olmu\u015f, ne varsa.<br \/><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Ben de \u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Pisa\u2019da bir ormandayken; ilkin iki sonra be\u015f deve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>Bir kesmeye g\u00f6rs\u00fcn usumuz sesini, ne de sevgili sayg\u0131l\u0131 oluruz birbirimize kar\u015f\u0131, ne de iyi; s\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131z birbirimizi b\u00f6ylesine konu\u015fmayla; ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n da s\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131z can\u0131n\u0131, bizce anla\u015f\u0131lmaz olsa bile s\u00f6z\u00fc. Bir iki s\u00f6z edildi\u011finde, \u00e7okluk, yeterli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc bilinmez olur. En iyi kurald\u0131r bu, ba\u015fkas\u0131 ile konu\u015fmaya dald\u0131\u011f\u0131mda. En bilge olan bile bir kez aldanmaya; \u00fc\u00e7 kez aptall\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fer uzun boylu bir konu\u015fmada.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Do\u011frusu, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yleyi\u015fin, bir yaltaklan\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>Yaltaklanmam m\u0131 gerekir?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Ben, insan\u0131n g\u00f6lgesini onun kendini be\u011fenmi\u015fli\u011fi san\u0131rd\u0131m, yoksa \u201cyaltaklanmam m\u0131 gerekir\u201d diye sorulmazd\u0131 b\u00f6yle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>\u0130nsanda \u00e7oktand\u0131r tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m kendini be\u011fenmi\u015flik, konu\u015fay\u0131m m\u0131 konu\u015fmayay\u0131m m\u0131 diye sormaz, konu\u015fur boyuna.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Anl\u0131yorum iyice, sana kar\u015f\u0131 ne denli kaba davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131, ey sevgili g\u00f6lgem: daha bir tek s\u00f6z bile s\u00f6ylemedim, ne \u00e7ok seviniyorum bilsen, seni uluorta g\u00f6rmeden dinleyece\u011fime. Bileceksin g\u00f6lgeyi sevdi\u011fimi, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sevdi\u011fim gibi, b\u00f6ylece y\u00fcz\u00fcn g\u00fczelli\u011fini, s\u00f6ylevin a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, niteli\u011fin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iyili\u011fini koyuyor ortaya, bu y\u00fczden \u0131\u015f\u0131k gibi gereklidir g\u00f6lge de. Birbirinin at\u0131\u015fan\u0131, yar\u0131\u015fan\u0131 de\u011fil onlar. El ele vermi\u015f, s\u0131k\u0131 f\u0131k\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fclde\u015ftiler \u00e7okluk; bir \u00e7ekilmeye g\u00f6rs\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131k, yay\u0131l\u0131r gelir ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6lge.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>Tiksinirim yaln\u0131zl\u0131ktan, senin geceden tiksindi\u011fin gibi; insanlar\u0131 severim ben, onlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131d\u0131r; k\u0131van\u0131r\u0131m ayd\u0131nl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131, onun g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7indedir ki\u015filerin \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi, buldu\u011fu, t\u00fckenmeyen \u00f6\u011freni\u015fler, bulu\u015flar. Ben\u2019im b\u00fct\u00fcn nesnelerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00f6lge, bilginin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 san\u0131yorum seni, bir g\u00f6lge gibi koydun ortaya kendini. Sen hakl\u0131s\u0131n gene de. \u0130yi arkada\u015flar, ister burada olsun ister orada, bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in bilmece olmas\u0131 gereken karanl\u0131k bir s\u00f6z\u00fc birbiriyle anla\u015fman\u0131n belirtisi olarak sunarlar. \u0130yi arkada\u015flar\u0131z biz de. Bu y\u00fczdendir \u00f6ns\u00f6ylevin yeterlili\u011fi. Bask\u0131 yap\u0131yor i\u00e7ime senin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verebilece\u011fin iki y\u00fcz soru; zaman da \u00e7ok k\u0131sa do\u011frusu. Nereye baksak bu konuda, nesnelerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bir h\u0131z, bir bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcveni i\u00e7inde bir araya geldiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>\u00d6yle, gene de g\u00f6lgeler daha \u00fcrkektir insanlardan; bildiremeyeceksin kimseye burada ne konu\u015ftu\u011fumuzu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Ne denli konu\u015ftu\u011fumuzu mu? Tanr\u0131 korusun beni uzun uzad\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 konu\u015fmalardan. Platon, \u00f6r\u00fcmcek gibi a\u011f \u00f6rmekten daha az sevin\u00e7 duyayd\u0131, daha \u00e7ok tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131 okuyucular. Ger\u00e7eklik i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131ya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00e7izgileriyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tablo gibidir. Ne varsa ya k\u0131sa ya da uzundur onda. \u00dczerinde anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konuyu bildirebilir miyim dersin?<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>Yeniden \u00f6\u011frenecek el g\u00fcn, senin bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini; k\u0131van\u00e7 duyuyorum bundan. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeyecek senin g\u00f6lgeninkiler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>Ey arkada\u015f, yan\u0131l\u0131yorsun belki de. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerim i\u00e7in de benden g\u00f6lge alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r \u015fimdiye dek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00f6lge:<\/strong><br \/>I\u015f\u0131ktan \u00e7ok g\u00f6lge mi? Olabilir mi?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gezgin:<\/strong><br \/>A\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131 ol! Sevgili maskara! A\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k ister benim ilk sorum, evet\u2026<\/p>\n<p>************<\/p>\n<p>1 \/ B\u0130LG\u0130 A\u011eACI \u00dcST\u00dcNE \u2013 Ger\u00e7eklik de\u011fildir olabilirlik gene de: \u00d6zg\u00fcr gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck de\u011fildir hani, gene de bu iki umutsuzluk y\u00fcz\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez bilgi a\u011fac\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131nki ile.<\/p>\n<p>2 \/ EVREN\u0130N USU \u2013 Sonsuz bir ak\u0131ll\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc (toplam\u0131) de\u011fil evren, bu y\u00fczden bizim kavrad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her par\u00e7a evren akla uygun de\u011fildi, \u00f6yle g\u00f6sterilemez de. Evren iyiden iyiye bilgece, akla uygun de\u011filse hep, \u00f6teki evren de de\u011fil besbelli. Burada yarg\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6nermeden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nermeye (a minori ad majus), b\u00f6l\u00fcmden b\u00fct\u00fcne (a parte at totum) do\u011fru ge\u00e7erlidir bir bak\u0131ma.<\/p>\n<p>3 \/ \u201cBA\u015eLANGI\u00c7TA VARDI\u201d \u2013 Ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ululamak \u2013 ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fc bir tomurcuktur bu, tarihin incelemesinde yeniden ortaya konur, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce konusu yap\u0131l\u0131r: b\u00fct\u00fcn nesnelerin en olgunu, en \u00f6zl\u00fcs\u00fc Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta vard\u0131 diye<\/p>\n<p>4 \/ D\u0130LGEREKS\u0130N\u0130\u015e\u0130 \u0130LE GER\u00c7EKL\u0130K \u2013 \u0130kiy\u00fczl\u00fcce bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131 vard\u0131r, ki\u015filerin en \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn nesnelerin; en yak\u0131n olan nesnelerin. \u201cYa\u015famak i\u00e7in\u201d deniyor, -karg\u0131\u015flanas\u0131 bir yalan bu, hani \u00e7ocuk do\u011furmada cinsel birle\u015fmeden al\u0131nan tad\u0131n \u00f6zel bir amac\u0131 vard\u0131r diyen yalan gibi. Yoksa kimse de\u011fer vermezmi\u015f, \u201cen \u00f6nemli nesnelere\u201d duyulan y\u00fcce sayg\u0131ya. Papazlar, metafizik\u00e7iler bu konularda b\u00f6ylesine ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc iki y\u00fczl\u00fcce bir dili gereksemeye al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bizi; \u015fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenen en yak\u0131n nesneler gibi bu pek \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131 \u00f6nemseyen sezgi tutum de\u011fi\u015ftirmemi\u015f gene de. Bu katmerli ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ac\u0131 sonu s\u00fcreklidir; bu pek gerekli olaylar, s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi yemek, oturmak, giyinip ku\u015fanmak, gidi\u015f geli\u015f, durgun olarak kavranamayan, genel bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin, de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin konusu olamaz; insan bunlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu kez a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k sayar; ayd\u0131nca, sanat\u00e7\u0131ya yara\u015fan a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzak tutar bunlardan\u2026 \u00d6yle ki burada al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, a\u00e7\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k; \u015fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeyen, toy say\u0131lan gen\u00e7lik \u00fczerinde kolay bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131: \u00f6te yandan bizim ruhla g\u00f6vdenin yasalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan s\u00fcrekli su\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z, topumuzu birden, daha gen\u00e7 olan\u0131 da daha ya\u015fl\u0131 olan\u0131 da utan\u00e7 verici bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamaya do\u011fru g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor, -ger\u00e7ekte benim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm; \u00f6\u011fretmenlerden, doktorlardan, ruh kayg\u0131lar\u0131ndan do\u011fan, b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum \u00fczerinde bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>6 \/ TOPRAK GEV\u015eEKL\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u0130LE ANA NEDEN\u0130 \u2013 Ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca yumurta yedi\u011finden pek uzun, a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n tad\u0131na pek d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn ki\u015filer, \u00e7evreye bir bak\u0131verince hemen ve s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler. Bilmezler kar\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n kopaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, en iyi kokular\u0131n so\u011fuk, a\u00e7\u0131k bir havada daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc koktu\u011funu. Bizim tat alma duygumuz, a\u011fz\u0131n her yerinde bir de\u011fildir. Y\u0131k\u0131m getirir mideye, g\u00fczel g\u00fczel s\u00f6yle\u015fip g\u00fcl\u00fcnerek yenen her yemek. Bu \u00f6rneklerle a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurulan g\u00f6zlem duygusu eksikli\u011finin k\u0131van\u00e7 verecek bir y\u00f6n\u00fc yoktur, bu pek gerekli olaylar\u0131n bir\u00e7oklar\u0131nca k\u00f6t\u00fc say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, onlara pek kulak as\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok kez s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bir ilgisizlik midir bu? \u2013\u015eu da s\u00f6ylenebilir: bu eksiklik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bireylerin g\u00f6vde ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi, ruh gev\u015fekli\u011fi, ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ne \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin d\u00fczene konmas\u0131nda, gidi\u015f geli\u015f zaman\u0131nda, se\u00e7iminde, u\u011fra\u015f\u0131da, bo\u015f zamanlarda, buyruk vermede, e\u015f olmada, do\u011fa sezgisinde, sanat sezgisinde, en \u00e7ok g\u00fcndelik olanda, bilmemenin, keskin bir g\u00f6z\u00fc olmaman\u0131n,daha do\u011frusu bize neyin y\u0131k\u0131m, neyin kazan\u00e7 getirece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek gere\u011finin bilinmesini isteyen yok. Bu, bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cy\u0131k\u0131m \u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131nda\u201d neler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Her yerde oldu\u011fu gibi burada da, ki\u015finin ger\u00e7ekte bir t\u00fcr ak\u0131ls\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor: \u00e7ok kez, us yeterlidir. \u00c7ok yeterlidir de, \u015fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, gerekli olaylar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ne \u00e7evrilmi\u015f, yapmac\u0131klara y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f, sapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Papazlar, \u00f6\u011fretmenler, her t\u00fcrden \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerin, kaba sabalar\u0131n, se\u00e7kinlerin egemenlik iste\u011fi, bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa s\u00f6ylev \u00e7eker, o da bamba\u015fka bir sonuca var\u0131r, \u015f\u00f6yle ki: ruhun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in devlete \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, bilim iste\u011fini, ya da \u00fcn kazanma, m\u00fclk edinme i\u00e7in ara\u00e7 olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k u\u011fruna yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, bilim iste\u011fini, ya da \u00fcn kazanma, m\u00fclk edinme i\u00e7in ara\u00e7 olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k u\u011fruna yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ortaya koymal\u0131; bu s\u0131rada birey gerekseyi\u015fini, g\u00fcn\u00fcn yirmid\u00f6rt saati i\u00e7indeki irili ufakl\u0131 gere\u00e7lerini az da olsa k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemeli, ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenecek d\u00fczeyde g\u00f6rmeli. Sokrates b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcyle insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kendini be\u011fenmi\u015f yeti\u015fkinli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 insan\u0131n elinden tutulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in direndi; Homeros\u2019un bir s\u00f6z\u00fc ile b\u00fct\u00fcn kayg\u0131lar\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin ger\u00e7ek y\u00f6resi, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u015funu ans\u0131may\u0131 sevdi: \u201cBeni evde iyi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran nedir?\u201d B\u00f6yle diyordu o\u2026<\/p>\n<p>7 \/ \u0130K\u0130 AVUNTU ARACI \u2013 \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f sonunun ruh e\u011fitimcisi Epik\u00fcros\u2019un ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vard\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fi bug\u00fcn bile az bulunur do\u011frusu; ona g\u00f6re ruh esenli\u011fi i\u00e7in son d\u0131\u015fad\u00f6n\u00fck kuramc\u0131 sorunlar\u0131ndan iyice \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmek gerekir. \u201cTanr\u0131 korkusu\u201dndan do\u011fan ac\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ektirecek s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6ylemek yetiyor: \u201cTanr\u0131lar varsa bize ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirmezler.\u201d \u2013 Art\u0131k bu son soru \u00fczerine, ger\u00e7ekten, Tanr\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r sorusu verimsiz, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya de\u011fmezdir. Oysa \u015fu durum daha yararl\u0131, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr: gidip ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde durarak onu anlamak, daha yumu\u015fak y\u00fcrekli, daha iyiliksever yapmak. O kimse kalkar bize bunun kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131n\u0131, Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirdi\u011fini, yoksulun ne denli bir yan\u0131lmaya, bir dikenli \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; oysa bu, yeterince inceli\u011fi, insanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 elinde bulundurmas\u0131 gereken s\u00f6ylevcinin kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir; bu oyunda o, kendi esirgeyicili\u011fini gizlemek i\u00e7in bunu kendili\u011finden yapar. Sonunda bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 her yarg\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tiksinme duyar, kendi \u00f6zel sav\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kan\u0131t getirir, ondan so\u011fur, salt bir tanr\u0131tan\u0131maz\u0131nkine benzeyen inanc\u0131 ile ilerler boyuna: \u201cNe ili\u015fkisi var benimle Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, g\u00f6t\u00fcr onlar\u0131 \u015feytan.\u201d Yar\u0131 fiziksel, yar\u0131 t\u00f6resel bir varsay\u0131m\u0131n duyguyu karartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka durumlarda ise bu varsay\u0131m\u0131 yeniden koymaz ortaya; a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u015f\u00f6yle bakabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler: bu \u00f6zel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in ikinci bir varsay\u0131m daha vard\u0131r, belki ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc de davran\u0131labilir. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u015fu ruh g\u00f6lgesini benimsemek i\u00e7in i\u00e7 ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne olan varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu yeter de artar bile. Bu g\u00f6lge biricik, g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilen, y\u00fczlerce y\u00f6nl\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011funsanm\u0131\u015f varsay\u0131mlar \u00fcst\u00fcne olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kolayca. Kim y\u0131k\u0131mlara, b\u00f6yle k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck eden, sayr\u0131 oldu\u011funu sanana, olmakta olana bir avuntu vermek istese Epik\u00fcros\u2019un bir\u00e7ok soruya uygulanan \u015fu iki b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici tutumunu an\u0131msayabilir; en yal\u0131n\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde bile \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6ylemelisiniz: ilkin, \u00f6yle davranmal\u0131 ki bizi ilgilendiren bulunmas\u0131n; ikincileyin, b\u00f6yle olabilen ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc de olabilir\u2026<\/p>\n<p>8 \/ GECE \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE \u2013 Birden bast\u0131rd\u0131 gece, de\u011fi\u015fti en yak\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zda nesneler s\u00fct\u00fcne olan duyumlar\u0131m\u0131z bile. Yasak yollardan dolan\u0131 gelen yeldir bu, bir f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131 tutturmu\u015f, arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f gibi, k\u0131zg\u0131nd\u0131r arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bir lamba \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r bu; bulan\u0131k, k\u0131z\u0131l ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bakar yorgun arg\u0131n; gece isteksiz diretir durur, uyan\u0131r, yerinde durmaz insano\u011flu. Uyuyanlar\u0131n soluk al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fleridir bunlar; boyuna d\u00f6n\u00fcp duran bir kayg\u0131y\u0131 ezgi k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda f\u0131s\u0131ldayan, bunlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr uyumudur \u2013biz duymuyoruz onu, uyuyanlar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcre\u011fi iner \u00e7\u0131kar sessiz; soluk kesilip de gelince \u00f6l\u00fcm sessizli\u011fi: \u201cDinlen biraz, sen yoksul, sen ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015f ruh!\u201d deriz\u2013 her ya\u015fayana, b\u00f6yle bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ilksiz sonsuz bir dinlenme dileriz, gece inand\u0131r\u0131yor \u00f6l\u00fcme. \u2013\u0130nsanlar g\u00fcne\u015ften yoksun kal\u0131nca ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, ya\u011fla geceye kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, felsefe \u00f6rtecekmi\u015f \u00fcstlerine \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc! Art\u0131k \u00e7ok iyi anl\u0131yor insan, ruhsal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir yar\u0131 karanl\u0131kta, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n bu g\u00fcne\u015ften yoksunlukla ne denli ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>9 \/ \u0130STEN\u00c7 \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc \u00d6\u011eRET\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N VAROLDU\u011eU YER \u2013 Birinin \u00fczerinde tutkular\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7iminden gelen gereklilik durur, \u00f6tekinin \u00fczerinde ise dinlenme, esleklik al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde mant\u0131ksal olan bilgi (Gewissen), d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcde de tutku, ta\u015fk\u0131n bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma iste\u011fi bulunur. \u0130\u015fte onlar\u0131n s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 isten\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu d\u00f6rt konudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor: ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi de isten\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rmeye koyulmu\u015f san\u0131rs\u0131n, durum budur i\u015fte. Nereden geliyor bu? B\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015filerin kendilerince ya\u015fam duygusunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu yerde en \u00e7ok \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi bir bak\u0131ma tutkuda, g\u00f6revde, bilgide, g\u00fcn\u00fcn tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma iste\u011finde olan da budur: \u0130nsan tekinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu nesne i\u00e7inde kendini dipdiri duydu\u011fudur; insan istemeyerek de olsa boyuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, gerekli mi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ilkesi diye. \u0130nsan; ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ussuzlu\u011fu, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ya\u015fama duygusunu birlikte bulunan gerekli ilkeler diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Burada insan\u0131n toplumsal\u2013siyasal \u00e7evrede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deneme, yanl\u0131\u015f olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek \u00f6tesi alanlara aktar\u0131l\u0131yor: oradad\u0131r g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc adam, sevin\u00e7le ac\u0131n\u0131n dipdiri duygusu, umudun y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, isteyi\u015fin y\u00fcceli\u011fi, tiksinmenin kudreti; beylerle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zlar\u0131n buyru\u011fu alt\u0131nda oradad\u0131r. Evet oradad\u0131r bunlar; kullar, tutsaklar, bask\u0131 buyruk alt\u0131nda ussuzca ya\u015farken. \u0130sten\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretisi, egemen durumlar\u0131n bir bulu\u015fudur.<\/p>\n<p>10 \/ YEN\u0130 BA\u011eIMLILIK YOK ARTIK \u2013 \u00c7oktand\u0131r sezmemi\u015fsek neden dolay\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fumuzu, kendimizi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sayar\u0131z: yanl\u0131\u015f bir yarg\u0131, ki\u015finin ne denli kendini be\u011fenmi\u015f, beylik iste\u011fine kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Burada, kendini b\u00fct\u00fcn durumlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z say\u0131yor; onun ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor; al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ya\u015f\u0131yor, yoksa bir yitirse bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, duygunun kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 da birden sezecek; bunu bir tasar\u0131 olarak benimsemek, g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekir. Ger\u00e7ekten bunun bir kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olsayd\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyimle, \u00e7ok ilkel bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde ya\u015fasayd\u0131, orada ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu bask\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sezer de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalar m\u0131yd\u0131? Ancak yeni ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar i\u00e7inde ac\u0131 \u00e7ekerdi do\u011frusu: buna \u201cisten\u00e7 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d demez, bir tek yeni ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k da duymazd\u0131 o g\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p>GEZG\u0130N ile G\u00d6LGES\u0130<br \/>Fredrich NIETZSCHE<br \/>Broy Yay\u0131nevi<br \/>Haziran 1998, 4. Bas\u0131m, Sf. 5-13<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">************<\/p>\n<p>33 \/ \u00d6\u00c7 ALMANIN \u00d6\u011eELER\u0130 \u2013 \u201c\u00d6\u00e7 alma\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7ok acele s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f bir s\u00f6zd\u00fcr: g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, bir kavram\u0131n, bir duyu\u015fun k\u00f6k\u00fc olarak ondan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazm\u0131\u015f gibi hani. Bu y\u00fczden, gene o nesneyi bulmak i\u00e7in boyuna u\u011fra\u015f\u0131p durulur: t\u0131pk\u0131 bizim ulusal ekonomicilerimizin bug\u00fcn bile \u201cde\u011fer\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnde b\u00f6yle bir birli\u011fin ipucunu g\u00f6rmek, de\u011ferin ger\u00e7ek kavram\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yorulmak istemeyi\u015fleri gibi\u2026 S\u00f6zlerin her biri, sanki Bu\u2019nun \u015eu\u2019nun Ba\u015fkalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sokuldu\u011fu \u00e7antalar de\u011filmi\u015f! \u201c\u00d6\u00e7 alma\u201d da b\u00f6yledir i\u015fte; Bu, \u015eu az \u00e7ok bir araya toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r onda. Bir kez olsun \u015fu koruyucu geri tepme incelenirse, istemeden bize y\u0131k\u0131m getiren cans\u0131z nesnelere kar\u015f\u0131 (devinen makinelere kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi) neden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir: biz bir y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in makineleri durdururuz, kar\u015f\u0131 devinmemizin anlam\u0131 budur, kar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olursa makineyi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r; makine, insan\u0131n vuru\u015fu ile birden da\u011f\u0131labilecek durumda ise vuru\u015flar gitgide h\u0131zlan\u0131r; bunu yapabilir ki\u015fi \u2013buna benzer bir deneme yap\u0131labilir. Bir y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n do\u011frudan do\u011fruya duyulu\u015funda y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 da b\u00f6yle davran\u0131l\u0131r; bu eyleme bir \u00f6\u00e7 alma eylemi ad\u0131 verilmek istenir; b\u00f6yle de olur, ne var ki burada kendi kendini koruma, usun arabas\u0131n\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir, ger\u00e7ekte ise y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fil kendi kendini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenebilir: biz y\u0131k\u0131m getirene kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6yle davranmak istemiyoruz,b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla ondan kurtulmak istiyoruz. \u2013\u0130nsan kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle kendinden kalk\u0131p d\u00fc\u015fmana do\u011fru gitmek, hangi tutum i\u00e7inde en duyulabilir olanla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelinece\u011fini sormak isterse zaman\u0131 gerekser\u2026 Bu, \u00f6z \u00e7alman\u0131n ikinci t\u00fcr\u00fcnde olur: bir kimsenin y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sevecenli\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcne yo\u011funla\u015fan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakine ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirmek san\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir kimse \u00f6\u00e7 alman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli y\u0131k\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden ger\u00e7ek y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 kurala uygun olarak savmak, ona kar\u015f\u0131 so\u011fukkanl\u0131 davranmak i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nceden kendini az \u00e7ok g\u00fcven alt\u0131nda bulundurur. \u00d6\u00e7 alman\u0131n ilk t\u00fcr\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fu elden geldi\u011fince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u0131lan, ikinci vuru\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyulan korkudur; i\u015fte d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na denk tepki de b\u00f6yledir, kar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fun g\u00fcc\u00fc ancak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n bize yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile belirlenir. O ne yapt\u0131? D\u00fc\u015fman ac\u0131 \u00e7ekiyorsa, bizim ona ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirmemizin bize sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 kazan\u00e7 nedir? Bu bir yeniden kurma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r: bu da ilk \u00f6\u00e7 alma t\u00fcr\u00fcnde ki\u015finin ancak kendini korumas\u0131na yarar. Belki de d\u00fc\u015fman y\u00fcz\u00fcnden mal\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, mevkimizi, arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yitiririz \u2013bu yitimler, \u00f6\u00e7 almakla geri al\u0131nmaz; asl\u0131nda onar\u0131m da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en yitimler i\u00e7inde anacak bir eky\u0131k\u0131md\u0131r. Yeniden kurman\u0131n \u00f6c\u00fc daha geni\u015f y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemez, ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirmek y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 gidermez\u2013 \u00f6zel durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. Yav\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden namusumuza dokunur bir durum varsa \u00f6\u00e7 alma onu yeniden onarabilir. \u00d6\u00e7 alma, her durumda, bize bile bile ac\u0131 \u00e7ektiren birinin ac\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir; yav\u0131, \u00f6\u00e7 almakla bizi korkutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Biz de \u00f6\u00e7 almakla onu korkutamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015fuz; i\u015fte uzla\u015fma, yeniden onarma buna dayan\u0131r. (Ama\u00e7, korkunun eksikli\u011fini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde alabildi\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131lmak, \u00f6\u00e7 almada korkulur bir durum \u2013sa\u011fl\u0131k ya da ya\u015fam y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ya da ba\u015fka bir y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u2013 oldu\u011funu, \u00f6\u00e7 alman\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz bir kural olarak ge\u00e7erlik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmektir. Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar ne denli onlara el atarsa ats\u0131n, onlar gene k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseni\u015ften dolay\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcl alma i\u00e7in kayna\u011f\u0131n yolunu tutarlar. Oysa onlar gene de y\u0131k\u0131m g\u00f6ren namuslular\u0131n\u0131n korkusuzca onar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yeterli bulmazlar; bu, korkudaki eksikliklerini ortaya koyamad\u0131klar\u0131ndand\u0131r.) \u2013\u00d6\u00e7 alman\u0131n ilk anlat\u0131lan t\u00fcr\u00fcnde d\u00fcped\u00fcz korku vard\u0131r, bu korku geri tepmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr insan\u0131 (kar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fa): buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buradaki kar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015f, s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi, korkunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7indir. Bu \u201c\u00f6\u00e7 alma\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ile adland\u0131r\u0131lan iki davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7iminin gizli y\u00f6n\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri yoktur art\u0131k: buna kar\u015f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan da kin g\u00fctmenin karanl\u0131k bir tutum oldu\u011fudur, korkudan dolay\u0131 kendini koruma u\u011fruna kar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fa ge\u00e7en kimse belki de onu ger\u00e7ek bir eylem olarak belirlemi\u015ftir; oysa onun y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fram\u0131\u015f namusu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek zaman\u0131 vard\u0131r, namus \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 boyuna s\u00f6yleyebilir: bu tutum \u00f6tekinden ye\u011fdir. \u015eimdi \u00f6nemli olan onun namusunun ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n (evrenin) g\u00f6z\u00fcnde ya da yaln\u0131z yerenin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde sars\u0131l\u0131p sars\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r: son durumda o, gizli \u00f6\u00e7 almay\u0131 ye\u011f g\u00f6recek, ilk durumda ise bunu a\u00e7\u0131ktan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa yapacak\u2026 Onun \u00f6\u00e7 almas\u0131 eylemde bulunan\u0131n ya da g\u00f6zleyenin i\u00e7ini okudu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6fkeli ya da yumu\u015fak olacakt\u0131r; bu t\u00fcrden bir san\u0131 onu iyice aldat\u0131r, \u00f6\u00e7 almay\u0131 b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez olur, onda \u201cnamus\u201d duygusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan incinme de olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131s\u0131 do\u011furur. B\u00f6ylece bir kimse eylemde bulunan\u0131, eylemi g\u00f6renleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmserse \u00f6\u00e7 almay\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez art\u0131k: \u00f6\u00e7 alman\u0131n ona bir \u015fey kazand\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmi\u015f olarak da kazanc\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlar. Eninde sonunda al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir durumda \u00f6\u00e7 almay\u0131 b\u0131rakacak; bu, eylemde bulunan\u0131 sevdi\u011findendir: belki de onun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde namusa y\u0131k\u0131m gelmi\u015f, kar\u015f\u0131 sevgi bu y\u00fczden azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131 sevgi u\u011fruna \u00f6\u00e7ten d\u00f6nme, sevgiyi ortaya koymak i\u00e7in bir ada\u011f\u0131 gereksinir, sevilen varl\u0131\u011fa ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirmek gerekmez: bu duruma ger\u00e7ekte adakla daha \u00e7ok ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirme denir. B\u00f6ylece her kimse, \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f olur; namusu y\u0131k\u0131m g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fse, y\u0131k\u0131m getirene, yerene kar\u015f\u0131 dopdolu bir sevgi duymak, yo\u011fun bir yergi ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015f olmakt\u0131r. O kimse yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurmakla da \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc ki\u015fisel olarak toplumun enine boyuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, i\u015fini bilir bir insan\u0131 olarak toplumun \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc bir tek kimseye, ona sayg\u0131 duymayana y\u00f6neltecek. B\u00f6ylece yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n verece\u011fi ceza dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tek ki\u015finin namusu, toplumun namusu olarak onar\u0131lacak: ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle \u2013ceza \u00f6\u00e7 alma olacak\u2013, onda \u00f6\u00e7 alman\u0131n daha \u00f6nce belirtilen ku\u015fkudan uzak ba\u015fka \u00f6\u011feleri vard\u0131r, toplum bu \u00f6\u00e7 alma ile onun kendini korumas\u0131na yard\u0131m ediyor, kendini koruma yar\u0131m bir kar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015f oluyor. Ceza s\u00fcrekli, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, s\u00fcr\u00fcp atmak ister. Ger\u00e7ekten cezada \u00f6\u00e7 alman\u0131n bu iki ayr\u0131 \u00f6\u011fesi bu tutuma ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, belki de bu en \u00e7ok etki g\u00f6sterenidir; bu s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kavram karga\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 korumaya g\u00fcc\u00fc yeten, \u00f6\u00e7 alan birey ne istedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bilmiyor do\u011frusu.<\/p>\n<p>GEZG\u0130N ile G\u00d6LGES\u0130<br \/>Fredrich NIETZSCHE<\/p>\n<p>Broy Yay\u0131nevi<\/p>\n<p>Haziran 1998, 4. Bas\u0131m, Sf. 28-31<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00f6lge:\u00c7oktand\u0131r dinlemedim konu\u015fman\u0131, bir kolayl\u0131k vermek isterdim sana konu\u015fas\u0131n diye.Gezgin:Biri konu\u015fuyor \u2013 nerededir? Kimdir? \u00d6yle yak\u0131n ki bana, dersin benim konu\u015fan; oysa c\u0131l\u0131z \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor sesi benimkinden.G\u00f6lge:(Bir s\u00fcre sonra) Sevinmiyor musun bir konu\u015fma yolu buldu\u011funa?Gezgin: \u0130nanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m Tanr\u0131ya da, b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klara da ant olsun ki g\u00f6lgemdir konu\u015fan; duyuyorum konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, inanm\u0131yorum yaln\u0131z. G\u00f6lge:B\u0131rakal\u0131m art\u0131k bunu, uzun boylu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyelim; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4061","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-friedrich-wilhelm-nietzsche"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.9 (Yoast SEO v24.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gezgin \u0130le G\u00f6lgesi | Fredrich Nietzsche - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/01\/22\/gezgin-ile-golgesi-fredrich-nietzsche\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gezgin \u0130le G\u00f6lgesi | Fredrich Nietzsche\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"G\u00f6lge:\u00c7oktand\u0131r dinlemedim konu\u015fman\u0131, bir kolayl\u0131k vermek isterdim sana konu\u015fas\u0131n diye.Gezgin:Biri konu\u015fuyor \u2013 nerededir? Kimdir? \u00d6yle yak\u0131n ki bana, dersin benim konu\u015fan; oysa c\u0131l\u0131z \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor sesi benimkinden.G\u00f6lge:(Bir s\u00fcre sonra) Sevinmiyor musun bir konu\u015fma yolu buldu\u011funa?Gezgin: \u0130nanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m Tanr\u0131ya da, b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klara da ant olsun ki g\u00f6lgemdir konu\u015fan; duyuyorum konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, inanm\u0131yorum yaln\u0131z. 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