{"id":4076,"date":"2010-03-06T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-03-05T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/03\/06\/hayatin-oldugu-heryerde-hayat-icin-savasan-kadin-clara-zetkin\/"},"modified":"2010-03-06T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-03-05T22:00:00","slug":"hayatin-oldugu-heryerde-hayat-icin-savasan-kadin-clara-zetkin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/06\/hayatin-oldugu-heryerde-hayat-icin-savasan-kadin-clara-zetkin\/","title":{"rendered":"Hayat\u0131n oldu\u011fu heryerde, hayat i\u00e7in sava\u015fan kad\u0131n | Clara Zetkin"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/www.dasrotewien.at\/bilder\/d42\/Zetkin_TH_Hoch_VGA.jpg\")
Evet, korkmaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir korku. Toplum \u00f6n\u00fcnde sesini y\u00fckselterek konu\u015fmak: \u0130\u015fte bu olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir keresinde halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir toplant\u0131da konu\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131 kendisine geldi\u011finde, o kadar dolu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sesini hafif\u00e7e y\u00fckselterek, konu\u015fmaktan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.Fakat bu kez, Paris’te 1889’daki II. Enternasyonal’in kurulu\u015f kongresinde ismi okundu\u011funda bu korkuyu yener, “S\u00f6z s\u0131ras\u0131 yurtta\u015f Zetkin’in”.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tutuk, sonra gittik\u00e7e kendisinden daha emin ve daha ak\u0131c\u0131 bir dille, 32 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Clara Zetkin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck konu\u015fmas\u0131nda k\u0131zlar\u0131n ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n davas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder: Konu\u015fma metninin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, “Kad\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in’dir. “Sosyalistler bilmek zorundad\u0131r ki; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ekonomik geli\u015fmede kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bir zorunluluktur… Sosyalistler her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bilmelidir ki, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k veya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, sosyal k\u00f6lelik veya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ilintilidir.<\/p>\n
“\u0130nsan suretindeki her \u015feyin kurtulu\u015funu slogan edinmi\u015f olanlar, insan cinsiyetinin bir yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla siyasal ve sosyal k\u00f6leli\u011fe mahk\u00fbm edemezler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler kapitalistler taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l boyunduruk alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flarsa, kad\u0131n da erkek taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ylesine boyunduruk alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece de \u00f6yle kalacakt\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in en gerekli \u015fart \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r…<\/p>\n
“Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131 de\u011fil, b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal sorunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fundan tamamen emindirler. Bu sorunun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumda hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyece\u011finin, ancak toplumun k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiminden sonra bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011finin de bilincindedirler… Kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, t\u00fcm insano\u011flunun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, yaln\u0131zca eme\u011fin sermayenin boyunduru\u011fundan kurtulmas\u0131yla olacakt\u0131r. Sadece sosyalist toplumda, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi haklar\u0131n\u0131n tam sahibi olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.”<\/p>\n
Clara Zetkin sosyalist partilerde haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015fmak isteyen kad\u0131na terc\u00fcman olmaktad\u0131r. “Erke\u011fin deste\u011fi olmadan,” diye a\u00e7\u0131klar, “evet, hatta genellikle erkeklerin iradesine kar\u015f\u0131n, kad\u0131nlar sosyalist bayrak alt\u0131na girmi\u015flerdir… Fakat onlar \u015fimdi bu bayrak alt\u0131nda duruyorlar ve burada kalacaklar! Burada \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri i\u00e7in, e\u015fit haklara sahip insan olarak kabul edilmeleri i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
Sosyalist i\u015f\u00e7i partisi ile el ele y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek sava\u015f\u0131n t\u00fcm zorlu\u011funa ve gerektirdi\u011fi \u00f6zverilere kat\u0131lmaya haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131 gibi, zaferden sonra da elde ettikleri t\u00fcm haklar\u0131 korumaya kesin kararl\u0131d\u0131rlar.” Paris kongresindeki bu konu\u015fma sadece Clara Zetkin’in ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck konu\u015fmas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu konu\u015fma uluslararas\u0131 bir topluluk \u00f6n\u00fcnde cinsinin e\u015fitlik haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015f veren ve “Kad\u0131n ve Sosyalizm” konusunu g\u00fcndeme getiren bir kad\u0131n\u0131n tarihteki ilk konu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. “Sanki kanat takm\u0131\u015f\u0131m gibi geldi bana,” der Clara Zetkin konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bitirdi\u011finde.<\/p>\n
Onun tutkuyla dile getirdi\u011fi talepler yank\u0131s\u0131z kalmaz. Alman sosyal demokrasisi bir y\u0131l sonra yeni program\u0131n\u0131 bitirdi\u011finde bu program\u0131n i\u00e7inde kad\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik, siyasal ve hukuksal e\u015fitli\u011fi de vard\u0131r. Bu konuda ilk d\u00fcrt\u00fcy\u00fc yapan Clara Zetkin sonraki y\u0131llarda parti toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda, uluslararas\u0131 kongrelerde ve parlamentolarda daha y\u00fczlerce konu\u015fma yapar.<\/p>\n
“Ya\u015fam\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde sava\u015fmak istiyorum” slogan\u0131 onun yarat\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu noktaya nas\u0131l varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Bu gen\u00e7 Alman kad\u0131n neden ille de Sosyal Demokrat Parti’ye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Bir k\u00f6y \u00f6\u011fretmeninin k\u0131z\u0131 olan Clara Eissner, Chemnitz yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Wiederau’da yeti\u015fir: \u00d6\u011frenmeye hevesli, k\u00f6y gen\u00e7li\u011finin oyunlar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z \u00f6nder olan, eyleme susam\u0131\u015f bir k\u0131z. G\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde babas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde Papa’ya kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmalar\u0131n bir hik\u00e2yesini bulur. Yak\u0131lmak i\u00e7in odun y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131nda bile inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan d\u00f6nmeyen bu kad\u0131n ve erkeklerden \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
“Onlardan, daha \u00e7ocukken, insan\u0131n inanc\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00f6lmeye haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendim,” diye anlat\u0131r hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonunda. 1872’de Eissner ailesi Leipzig’e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Clara \u00f6\u011fretmen olmak ister. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi kolay olmayan bir arzudur bu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc devlet o zamanlar k\u0131zlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rmesi ve kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirilmesi ile ilgilenmemektedir ve kad\u0131nlar kamusal e\u011fitimin hen\u00fcz her dal\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015famamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenlere daha ziyade el i\u015fleri dersinde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer dersler i\u00e7in bir kad\u0131n\u0131n zihinsel yetenekleri yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmez… Fakat Clara daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ister. Leipzig’de Auguste Schmidt taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen \u00f6zel kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenlik kursunda bir yer bulmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in kurulan ilk geli\u015ftirme okuludur bu. E\u011fitimde ve mesleki ya\u015famda kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kad\u0131n olan Auguste Schmidt, k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frencilerinden titiz, sorumluluk duygusu i\u00e7inde bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ister. Clara bu kat\u0131 disiplinli okulun \u00f6\u011fretmenine daima minnettar kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, “Onu ya\u015fam i\u00e7in, m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in bana \u00f6\u011frettiklerinden dolay\u0131 sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yorum.”<\/p>\n
Leipzig’deki kurs d\u00f6neminde Clara, devrimci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve eylemleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00fclkelerinden s\u00fcr\u00fclen ve \u015fimdi Leipzig’de \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren bir grup Rus \u00f6\u011frenciyle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Onlardan sosyalizm ve kom\u00fcnizm kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 dinler. Karl Marx ve Friedrich Engels isimlerini ilk kez i\u015fitir. Clara sorular sorar ve Marx ile Engels’in yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 okumaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n
Rus \u00f6\u011frencilerden biri olan Ossip Zetkin, Clara’n\u0131n en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 ve dostu olur. S\u0131k s\u0131k kendisini sosyal demokratlar\u0131n toplant\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n dinledi\u011fi her konferans onu m\u00fccadele veren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131na daha fazla sokar. Kursta \u00f6\u011fretmenleri onu, “sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri savundu\u011funda rahats\u0131z edici” bulurlar. Bitirme s\u0131navlar\u0131n\u0131 “pekiyi” ile ge\u00e7er. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 1878’de Sosyalistler Yasas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer. Bu yasa eyalet polis m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine yerel sosyal demokrat cemiyetleri, sendikalar\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i e\u011fitim cemiyetlerini yasaklama yetkisi vermektedir.<\/p>\n
Birdenbire parti ve onunla birlikte t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctleri yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olur, t\u00fcm yay\u0131nlar\u0131 yasaklan\u0131r. Clara Zetkin bu zaman i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7imini Leipzig yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir \u00e7iftlik sahibinin yan\u0131nda m\u00fcrebbiyelikle sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r, fakat partinin yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n
1880’de Ossip Zetkin Leipzig’den s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr: iki y\u0131l sonra Clara onun ard\u0131ndan Paris’e gider. Evlenirler. 1883 ve 1885’te iki o\u011fullar\u0131 Maksim ve Kostya d\u00fcnyaya gelirler. K\u0131sa bir zaman sonra Ossip Zetkin a\u011f\u0131r hastalan\u0131r. 1889’un Ocak ay\u0131 sonunda \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Clara Zetkin y\u0131llar sonra bir k\u0131z arkada\u015f\u0131na kocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yazarken, “Sanki benim hayat\u0131m da durmu\u015ftu,” der; “o zaman sadece \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m u\u011fruna hayata geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcm; ve tam ad\u0131n\u0131 koyarsak, sosyalist devrim sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bir kad\u0131n olarak verdi\u011fim u\u011fra\u015f sayesinde.” U\u011fra\u015f\u0131: Clara Zetkin Paris’te s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeyken s\u00fcrekli Alman ve Frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i hareketleriyle ilgilenir ve bu s\u0131rada iki temel sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Sosyalist toplumda kad\u0131n\u0131n yeri nerededir?
Sosyalistler kad\u0131nlar\u0131 nas\u0131l uyand\u0131r\u0131p m\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekebilirler?<\/p>\n
Bu konuya ili\u015fkin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Paris’teki II. Enternasyonal’in kurulu\u015f kongresinde yapar. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir halk toplulu\u011fu \u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini s\u00f6yleme korkusunu yendi\u011fi anda, uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun kap\u0131lar\u0131 ona a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Eyl\u00fcl 1890: Sosyal demokratlara kar\u015f\u0131 tedbir yasalar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Clara Zetkin iki \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla vatan\u0131na geri d\u00f6ner ve Stuttgart’ta yerle\u015fir. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n\u0131 kollayan E\u015fitlik adl\u0131 bir derginin kurucu orta\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticisi olur. 25 y\u0131l boyunca bu dergide Clara Zetkin’in elinden kalem d\u00fc\u015fmez.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk y\u0131llar\u0131n E\u015fitlik dergisinin sayfalan \u00e7evrilirse, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi geli\u015fiminin canl\u0131 tablolar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. O say\u0131larda kad\u0131n\u0131n istismar\u0131n\u0131n afi\u015fe edildi\u011fi makaleler vard\u0131r. Bu dergilerde j\u00fct iplik fabrikas\u0131nda bir kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin Bremen’de 14 fenikten 15 feni\u011fe kadar saat \u00fccreti ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 okunur. \u00c7o\u011fu, haftada yaln\u0131z bir kez s\u0131cak \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fi yiyebilmektedir… \u0130ki, \u00fc\u00e7 marka kadar haftal\u0131klarla, f\u0131r\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f porselenleri f\u0131r\u0131nlardan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan Saksonyal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar \u00e7ok s\u0131cak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sadece bir g\u00f6mlek giymektedirler ve cereyanda kal\u0131p hemen hepsi romatizma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalan\u0131rlar…<\/p>\n
Dresdenli t\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ileri; “i\u00e7imizden biri mesai s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fclecek olsa bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl su\u00e7un bedelini 50 fenik ceza ile \u00f6demek zorundayd\u0131,” diye anlat\u0131rlar. Ayna s\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda profes\u00f6r\u00fcn biri \u015fu ifadeyi kullan\u0131r, “Korkun\u00e7 c\u0131va zehirlenmeleri, devaml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve \u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7ocuk do\u011fumlar\u0131.” Bask\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7in kazanmak, Clara Zetkin’in de bildi\u011fi gibi, kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fildir. Fakat bunu yapmak onun g\u00f6revidir!”<\/p>\n
1905 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren e\u011fitimini tamamlam\u0131\u015f olan \u00f6\u011fretmen Clara Zetkin kendisini y\u00fcrekten istedi\u011fi bir konuya adar: Pedagojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma. Bundan b\u00f6yle E\u015fitlik dergisi d\u00fczenli olarak iki ek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Eklerden biri “Analar\u0131m\u0131z ve ev kad\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in”, di\u011feri de “\u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in”dir.<\/p>\n
Clara Zetkin’in istedi\u011fi, ana-babalara ve yeti\u015fmekte olanlara “Ger\u00e7ek insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel ilkelerini” a\u00e7\u0131klamakt\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitimi -her zaman vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi- ev, toplumsal d\u00fczen, ana ve baban\u0131n birlikte uyum i\u00e7inde meydana getirdi\u011fi bir eser olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ana-baban\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri nas\u0131l kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, e\u011fitimde de (yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve genellikle en \u00f6nemlisinde) ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uyum i\u00e7inde birle\u015fmelidirler ki, her iki taraf\u0131n da en iyi yan\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7abilsin.”<\/p>\n
A\u011fustos 1907: Sosyalist kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ilk uluslararas\u0131 toplant\u0131s\u0131na 14 \u00fclkeden 56 delege kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kad\u0131nlar Clara Zetkin’i uluslararas\u0131 sekreterli\u011fe se\u00e7er ve E\u015fitlik dergisini uluslararas\u0131 yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olarak belirlerler.<\/p>\n
A\u011fustos 1910: \u0130kinci uluslararas\u0131 kad\u0131nlar konferans\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 kad\u0131nlar, her y\u0131l uluslararas\u0131 bir kad\u0131nlar g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlanmas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130lk \u00f6nce, mart ay\u0131ndaki bu g\u00fcn, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in propaganda yapmaya hizmet edecektir. “Ya\u015fas\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy hakk\u0131!” Bir y\u0131l sonra Alman kad\u0131nlar mart ay\u0131ndaki “kendi g\u00fcnlerinde” caddelerde bu slogan\u0131 pankartlara yazarlar. Clara Zetkin E\u015fitlik dergisinde bunu, “D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kad\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan en g\u00f6rkemli g\u00f6steri,” diye haber verir.<\/p>\n
Bir zamanlar konu\u015fmac\u0131 k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcne korka korka \u00e7\u0131kan Clara Zetkin, art\u0131k bir\u00e7ok saflarda korkulan, uzla\u015fmak bilmeyen bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe 1908’de (bu y\u0131ldan itibaren nihayet kad\u0131nlar da partilere \u00fcye olabilecektir) y\u00f6netime se\u00e7ilmemesidir. Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht ve Frans\u0131z Mchring gibi partinin sol devrimci kanad\u0131na aittir.<\/p>\n
Alman kad\u0131n hareketlerinde de “\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131lara” sald\u0131r\u0131r Clara Zetkin. 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Anneleri Koruma Derne\u011fi”ni kuran Helene St\u00f6cker ile arkada\u015f olur. Helene St\u00f6cker evlenmeden anne olanlar i\u00e7in de hamileli\u011fi \u00f6nleyici korunma ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n serbest\u00e7e da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcrtaj\u0131n yasalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Analar\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi, Alman kad\u0131n dernekleri birli\u011fine kabul edilmez. Kad\u0131n hareketleri aras\u0131nda, “\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131lar” cinsel sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00e7ekimser davran\u0131rlar. Helene St\u00f6cker ve Clara Zetkin bu tavr\u0131 yarg\u0131larlar. Bu iki kad\u0131n\u0131n dostlu\u011fu Clara Zetkin’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Clara Zetkin 1929-1931 aras\u0131nda y\u0131l\u0131n sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Almanya’da ge\u00e7irirken (di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Rusya’da ge\u00e7irir) kendisini s\u00fcrekli ziyarete gelen nadir ki\u015filerden biri Helene St\u00f6cker’dir. Son ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 1932’de Amsterdam’daki sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lacak kongrenin \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
Daha 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Clara Zetkin uluslararas\u0131 sosyalistler kongresinde, Basel’de d\u00fcnya kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n korunmas\u0131na aktif olarak kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son ana kadar E\u015fitlik dergisinde de yakla\u015fan sava\u015f felaketine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1915’te Almanya’da illegal olarak bir manifesto yay\u0131nlar: “Sava\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rak\u0131n!” “Vatana ihanete te\u015febb\u00fcs”ten tutuklan\u0131r. Serbest kal\u0131r kalmaz, sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye devam eder. En a\u011f\u0131r darbeyi yiyinceye kadar: Parti y\u00f6netimi E\u015fitliksin redaksiyonunu elinden al\u0131r. 60 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Clara Zetkin yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 arar.<\/p>\n
“Her \u015fey beni Rusya’ya \u00e7ekiyor. Ruslar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yeni vatan\u0131m\u0131 buldum, politik a\u00e7\u0131dan, insanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda sonuna kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve sava\u015fmak istiyorum.”<\/p>\n
Bunu 1917’de Rus i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri \u00c7ar’\u0131 devirdiklerinde yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lenin’le uzun konu\u015fmalar yapar ve bunlar\u0131 Lenin ile An\u0131lar kitab\u0131nda yay\u0131nlar. 1920’de Alman parlamentosunda yeni kurulan Kom\u00fcnist Parti’nin ba\u015f aday\u0131 se\u00e7ilir. Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal’in kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131yla ilgili temel esaslar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 75 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken h\u00e2l\u00e2 Berlin’deki Alman parlamentosunun k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden fa\u015fist tehlikeye kar\u015f\u0131 hararetli bir konu\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
“Konu\u015fuyor. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir kad\u0131n gibi de\u011fil, kendisi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi bulmu\u015f bir kad\u0131n gibi… Daha \u00e7ok bir s\u0131n\u0131fa ait t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmek i\u00e7in, t\u00fcm di\u011fer kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in varolan bir kad\u0131n gibi konu\u015fuyor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulan bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi bask\u0131ya ra\u011fmen geli\u015fmi\u015f bir kad\u0131n gibi konu\u015fuyor. Binlerce ve milyonlarca kad\u0131n onunla ayn\u0131 \u015feyi s\u00f6yledikleri i\u00e7in, ne s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa do\u011fru. O yar\u0131nlar\u0131n kad\u0131n\u0131; ya da ifade etme y\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00f6sterirsek: O bug\u00fcn\u00fcn kad\u0131n\u0131.”<\/p>\n
Frans\u0131z ozan Louis Aragon, Basel \u00c7anlar\u0131 roman\u0131nda Clara Zetkin’in toplum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 -ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta topluluk kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda konu\u015fmak zorunda kalmaktan korktu\u011fu kadar hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden korkmam\u0131\u015f olan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fma tarz\u0131n\u0131- bu c\u00fcmlelerle anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Clara Zetkin
D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDEK\u0130 \u00d6NEML\u0130 OLAYLAR (1857-1933)<\/p>\n
1864 Karl Marx taraf\u0131ndan Londra’da I. Enternasyonalin kurulmas\u0131.
1889 Paris’te II. Enternasyonalin kurulu\u015f kongresinde Clara Zetkin ilk kad\u0131n konu\u015fmac\u0131 olur.
1889 Adolf Hitler’in do\u011fum y\u0131l\u0131.
1891 Clara Zetkin E\u015fitliksin yaz\u0131 i\u015flerini \u00fcstlenir (1916’ya kadar).
1903-1904 K\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7ov tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ileri grevinde grevcilerin yar\u0131dan \u00e7o\u011fu kad\u0131nd\u0131r.
1905 Rusya’da devrim. K\u0131smi ba\u015far\u0131. \u00c7ar Rusya’da Me\u015frutiyet Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131 kabul eder.
1914 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131.
1917 (Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Sosyal Demokrat Parti’nin) kurulu\u015fu.
1918 Almanya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin kurulu\u015fu (Spartakus Birli\u011fi).
1923 Anneler G\u00fcn\u00fc Amerika’dan Almanya’ya gelir.
1925 Adolf Hitler NSDAP’yi (Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi) yeniden kurar.
1931 Almanya’da bir milyondan fazla kad\u0131n i\u015fsizdir.
1933 Clara Zetkin’in \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131l, Hitler ba\u015fbakan olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Evet, korkmaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir korku. Toplum \u00f6n\u00fcnde sesini y\u00fckselterek konu\u015fmak: \u0130\u015fte bu olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir keresinde halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir toplant\u0131da konu\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131 kendisine geldi\u011finde, o kadar dolu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sesini hafif\u00e7e y\u00fckselterek, konu\u015fmaktan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yler.Fakat bu kez, Paris’te 1889’daki II. Enternasyonal’in kurulu\u015f kongresinde ismi okundu\u011funda bu korkuyu yener, “S\u00f6z s\u0131ras\u0131 yurtta\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4076","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kadin-a-dair"},"yoast_head":"\n
Hayat\u0131n oldu\u011fu heryerde, hayat i\u00e7in sava\u015fan kad\u0131n | Clara Zetkin - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/06\/hayatin-oldugu-heryerde-hayat-icin-savasan-kadin-clara-zetkin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hayat\u0131n oldu\u011fu heryerde, hayat i\u00e7in sava\u015fan kad\u0131n | Clara Zetkin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evet, korkmaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir korku. Toplum \u00f6n\u00fcnde sesini y\u00fckselterek konu\u015fmak: \u0130\u015fte bu olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. 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