{"id":4102,"date":"2010-02-01T02:46:15","date_gmt":"2010-01-31T23:46:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/02\/01\/genel-olarak-zaza-tarihi\/"},"modified":"2010-02-01T02:46:15","modified_gmt":"2010-01-31T23:46:15","slug":"genel-olarak-zaza-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/02\/01\/genel-olarak-zaza-tarihi\/","title":{"rendered":"Genel Olarak Zaza Tarihi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"zazalar\"<\/strong>Zazalar, b\u00fcy\u00fck Hint-Avrupa dil ailesinin \u0130rani dillerine ait bir dil olan Zazaca’y\u0131 konu\u015fan ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7o\u011funlukla Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde ya\u015fayan bir halk.<\/p>\n

ZAZALAR’IN YASADIGI COGRAFYA <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zazalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler<\/p>\n

Zazalar Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun F\u0131rat ve Dicle su havzas\u0131nda ve da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda ya\u015farlar. S\u00fckun ettikleri yer enlem 37,8\u00b0- 42\u00b0 ve boylam 37,8\u00b0- 40\u00b0 aras\u0131nda yer alan b\u00f6lgede, il olarak Sivas\u2019tan Karl\u0131ova\u2019ya, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane\\’den Urfa\u2019ya kadar uzan\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Tunceli, Bing\u00f6lde ya\u015farlar.Bu iki ilde n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015ftururlar. Erzincan, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Sivas, Diyarbak\u0131r, illerinde ise az\u0131nl\u0131k durumundad\u0131rlar..Kangal, Zara, Ula\u015f, \u0130mranl\u0131, Hafik, G\u00fcr\u00fcn (Sivas), Varto (Mu\u015f), , Gerger (Ad\u0131yaman), Hinis, Mutki (Bitlis), Sason, Kozluk,Gerc\u00fc\u015f (Batman) , Dicle, Ergani, Hani, Lice, Kulp, \u00c7ermik, \u00c7\u00fcng\u00fc\u015f (Diyarbak\u0131r) il\u00e7elerinde de meskendirler. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Gazi Mah. \u0130stanbul, Ankara, Bursa, Kocaeli, G\u00fczeltepe \u0130zmir, Aksaray \u015fehirleri ve bir\u00e7ok il\u00e7eye g\u00f6\u00e7etmi\u015f Zaza mevcuttur. Almanya, Avusturya, \u0130svi\u00e7re, Hollanda, Bel\u00e7ika, Fransa, \u0130sve\u00e7, Danimarka gibi Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde bulunan Zaza say\u0131s\u0131 tahminen 500.000\u2019dir.[Cambul (Kazakistan) Batum (G\u00fcrcistan) ve Musul b\u00f6lgelerinde de Zazalar vard\u0131r. Zazalar\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusu hakk\u0131nda kesin ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir bilgi mevcut de\u011fildir. Genellikle d\u00fcnyadaki Zaza n\u00fcfusuna dair olarak 1 milyon ile 2 milyon aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen tahminler mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

D\u0130L <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zazaca ve Di\u011fer \u0130rani Diller<\/p>\n

Zazalar’\u0131n dili Zazaca olmakla birlikte, Zazalar aras\u0131nda \u00e7iftdillilik veya \u00e7okdillilik g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 veya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri co\u011frafyan\u0131n siyasi ve demografik ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Almanca, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e gibi diller de konu\u015fulur.<\/p>\n

Zazaca’n\u0131n yerel olarak Zazaki, Dersimce, D\u0131m\u0131lki, \u015eo-B\u00ea gibi birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 adland\u0131rmas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zazaca olarak yaz\u0131lan \u00f6nemli eserlerden Ehmed\u00ea Xani’nin Mewlid adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 (1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda) ve Usman Efendiyo Bab\u0131c taraf\u0131ndan yine ba\u015fka bir Zazaca mevlid ise \u015eam’da 1933’de Arap alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Latin alfabesine esas al\u0131nan Zazaca yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f sistemi (Dilbilimci Prof. C.M. Jacobson’un Zazaca’ya uyarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alfabe, Jacobson Alfabesi), 1980’li y\u0131llarda \u0130sve\u00e7, Fransa ve Almanya gibi \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Zazalar’\u0131n gayetleriyle yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’de Zazaca dergileri ve kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Bu alfabede 32 harfden olu\u015fur. 1980’lerden itibaren Zazaca olarak bir\u00e7ok dergi ve kitap yay\u0131nland\u0131. Zazaca’n\u0131n ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli alan ise m\u00fczik olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. S\u0131lo Q\u0131c, Ren\u00e7ber, Sey Qaji, Dewres Baba, Ren\u00e7ber Aziz, Mehmet \u00c7apan, H\u00fcseyin Do\u011fanay gibi halk ozanlar\u0131 Zaza Halk M\u00fczi\u011finin 20.yy’daki ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6nemli temsilcileridir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 90’l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren Metin – Kemal Kahraman, Ahmet – Mikail Aslan, Nil\u00fcfer Akbal, Y\u0131lmaz \u00c7elik, Avni Polat, Veng\u00ea Sod\u0131ri, Grup Munzur gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lar ve m\u00fczik gruplar\u0131 da Zaza M\u00fczi\u011fini bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fiyle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alevi Zazalarda ibadet dilinin Zazaca olmas\u0131 Tunceli’de bu dilin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kutsal kabul edilmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00f6rede Zazaca’dan bahsederken “Zon\u00ea X\u0131z\u0131ri” (H\u0131z\u0131r’\u0131n Dili) diye bir kutsama deyimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tunceli’deki Zazacas\u0131’nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirilen y\u00fczlerce “d\u00ease” (deyi\u015f, Alevi m\u00fczi\u011finde ilahi) vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0130N <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zazalar\u2019\u0131n hemen hemen yar\u0131s\u0131 Alevi, di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 da S\u00fcnni kesimden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcnni kesimde ayr\u0131ca \u015eafii ve Hanefi mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Alevi Zazalar, Tunceli, Sivas (Zara, \u0130mranl\u0131, Ula\u015f), Mahalleba\u015f\u0131, Merkez), Erzincan (Merkez, Kemah, Tercan), Varto, Bing\u00f6l (Yayladere, Ki\u011f\u0131, Yedisu), Hinis, Elaz\u0131\u011f (Karako\u00e7an, Merkez, ), k\u0131smen G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, \u015eiraz, K\u00fcrt\u00fcn, K\u00f6se ve Kayseri (Sar\u0131z, Develi ve Merkez), ikamet etmektedir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcnni Zazalar, daha \u00e7ok Elaz\u0131\u011f, Ar\u0131cak, Maden, Palu, Bing\u00f6l, Siverek, Ad\u0131yaman, Mutki, Aksaray gibi il ve il\u00e7elere yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdalar.<\/p>\n

Alevi-S\u00fcnni ve \u015eafii-Hanefi farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Zazaca’daki \u015five farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131na, gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklere de yans\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

FOLKLOR VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zazalar; Belu\u00e7iler, Farslar, Gilanl\u0131lar, K\u00fcrtler, Osetler, Afganlar\/Pe\u015ftunlar Lorestanl\u0131lar, Mazenderanl\u0131lar, Tacikler ve di\u011fer \u0130rani halklarla dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok ortak \u00f6zellik payla\u015f\u0131rlar. T\u00fcm bu \u0130rani halklar\u0131n dilleri birbiriyle akrabad\u0131rlar ve y\u00fczlerce ortak kelime bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Kelime k\u00f6kleri b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ayn\u0131d\u0131r, renklerin, say\u0131lar\u0131n , bitkilerin adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda benzer ortak kelimeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131l\u0131k-k\u0131yafet, halk masallar\u0131, gelenek-g\u00f6renekler , dini inan\u00e7lar, bayramlar pek\u00e7ok noktada ortak \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r. Zazalar b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130rani halklarda oldu\u011fu gibi irili ufakl\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u015firetlere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u015firet yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kurallar\u0131 hemen hemen yok olmu\u015f diyebiliriz. Zazalar tarihsel olarak k\u0131rsal ve feodal bir hayat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Anadoluda Zazalar, K\u00fcrt, T\u00fcrkmen, Ermeni gibi halklarla s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 bozulmam\u0131\u015f Zaza k\u00f6ylerinde kad\u0131nlar \u015falvar, ba\u015flar\u0131nda le\u00e7eg veya pu\u015fi, bellerine \u015fal veya ku\u015fak giyerler. Erkekler de tak\u0131m \u015falvar, ba\u015flar\u0131na k\u00f6\u015feli \u015fapka, pu\u015fi veya desmal giyer ve bellerine de ku\u015fak ba\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca halk danslar\u0131; Qera\u00e7or, Devzer, \u00c7epki, Fadiki gibi d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn oyunlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca yemekler; bab\u0131ko, b\u0131c\u0131k, zerfet, keska, helisa, patila, p\u00easara, \u015fir, b\u0131c\u0131ka qatqat\u0131n, \u00e7hebelek, dogma gibi genelde hamur \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yemeklerdir.<\/p>\n

ZAZALAR ARASINDA KUTLANAN VEYA KUTSANAN BASLICA BAYRAMLAR VE \u00d6NEML\u0130 G\u00dcNLER \u015eUNLARDIR; <\/strong><\/p>\n

* Korm\u0131\u015fkan bayram\u0131:<\/strong> (\u00e7ermik ve Siverek Y\u00f6resi, Mart ay\u0131nda Nevruza denk gelir)<\/p>\n

* Hawtemal bayram\u0131:<\/strong> (Dersim Y\u00f6resi, Mart ay\u0131nda, bir t\u00fcr bahar bayram\u0131)<\/p>\n

* Hawtemalo Pil:<\/strong> (B\u00fcy\u00fck Hawtemal)<\/p>\n

* Hawtemalo Q\u0131c:<\/strong> (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hawtemal)<\/p>\n

* Qere\u00e7arseme:<\/strong> Bir bahar bayram\u0131, yine Mart ay\u0131nda kutlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* New\u00ea Marti:<\/strong> Mart dokuzu, Nevruz, 22 Mart’a denk gelir, normal Nevruz’dan bir g\u00fcn sonrad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Ga\u011fand :<\/strong> Yeni y\u0131l bayram\u0131, daha \u00e7ok Dersim-Ko\u00e7giri-Varto dolaylar\u0131nda y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 olarak 13 Ocak’a yak\u0131n tarihlerde kutlan\u0131r. Bu bayramda Rumi takvim esas al\u0131n\u0131r. 50 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar S\u00fcnni Zazalar taraf\u0131ndan da kutlan\u0131yordu. Dersim’de halen kutlanmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

* Roc\u00ea X\u0131z\u0131ri: <\/strong>H\u0131z\u0131r orucu, Alevi Zazalar taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l \u015eubat ay\u0131n\u0131n ikinci haftas\u0131nda 3 g\u00fcn oru\u00e7 tutulur.<\/p>\n

* Roc\u00ea \u0130mamu :<\/strong> Muharrem orucu, Alevi Zazalar taraf\u0131ndan tutulur ve \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

* Rocey Ramazani:<\/strong> Ramazan orucu.<\/p>\n

* Eyd\u00ea Heciyan, Ro\u015fan\u00ea Qurbani:<\/strong> Kurban bayram\u0131<\/p>\n

ZAZALAR’IN ETN\u0130K K\u0130ML\u0130G\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NE TARTISMALAR <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zazalar’\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 politik bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmada \u00fc\u00e7 grup ve tezleri mevcuttur. Birinci grup Zazalar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na ayr\u0131 bir etnisite olarak g\u00f6rmekte; ikinci grup Zazalar\u0131 K\u00fcrt olarak saymakta; \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ise Zazalar\u0131 T\u00fcrk olarak de\u011ferlendirmektedir. Hatta ge\u00e7mi\u015fte baz\u0131 Ermeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan, Zazalar\u0131n Ermeni k\u00f6kenli bir halk oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 da ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu iddian\u0131n bir ba\u015fka \u00e7e\u015fiti de, Do\u011fu Anadolu’da ya\u015fayan Ermeniler’den baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde Zaza’ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n

ZAZALARI ZAZA OLARAK KABUL EDENLER <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zazalar kendi dillerinde, T\u00fcrklere “T\u0131rk”, K\u00fcrtlere ise y\u00f6reden y\u00f6reye “K\u0131rdas”, “Khurr” veya “Khurrmanc” derler ve kendilerini her iki halktan da ay\u0131r\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul etmezler. Zaza halk t\u00fcrk\u00fclerinde de bu ayr\u0131m \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. K\u00fcrdoloji’nin babas\u0131 kabul edilen Minorsky, \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi’nin \u0130ngilizce bas\u0131m\u0131nda Zazalar’\u0131n kesinlikle K\u00fcrt olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ayr\u0131ca Bat\u0131l\u0131 dilbilimciler, Zazaca’dan hareketle Zazalar\u0131n Farslardan ve K\u00fcrtlerden tamamen farkl\u0131 \u0130rani k\u00f6kenli bir etnik grup oldu\u011funu belirtirler. Di\u011fer taraftan, \u0130ranoloji biliminde Zaza dili, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ve Fars\u00e7a’dan farkl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u0130rani bir dil olarak tasnif edilmektedir. Yine d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde, 6,000’den fazla dil ve leh\u00e7eyi ara\u015ft\u0131ran Ethnologue’a g\u00f6re Zazaca iki leh\u00e7eden olu\u015fan (Dersimce\/Kuzey Zazaca ve G\u00fcney Zazaca\/D\u0131m\u0131lki), ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir dil olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Zazalar\u0131n ve K\u00fcrtlerin y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyada ya\u015famas\u0131 iki toplumun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrtler\u2019in siyasi ve say\u0131sal olarak Zazalar’a g\u00f6re daha \u00fcst\u00fcn olmas\u0131 ise, Zazalar’\u0131n ve Zazaca’n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir dezavantaj olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Zazalar kendilerini T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt ve Fars kimliklerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6rmelerine ra\u011fmen, Zaza halk\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fte uzun bir d\u00f6nem boyunca d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bir bak\u0131\u015fla K\u00fcrt say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, dilleri de K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’nin bir leh\u00e7esi zannedilmi\u015f ve Zazalara K\u00fcrt muamelesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Zazaca hakk\u0131nda siyasette ve halk aras\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da yayg\u0131n olan “K\u00fcrt leh\u00e7esi” tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan K\u00fcrt siyaset\u00e7iler ve genel olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn K\u00fcrt \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri de Zazalar\u0131 K\u00fcrt, Zazacaya da K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’nin bir leh\u00e7esi saym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durum Zazalar\u0131 K\u00fcrt kimli\u011fine itmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok Zazan\u0131n kendisini K\u00fcrt olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na ve K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc benimsemesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Fakat, t\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen Zazalar ve Zazaca \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Zazalar\u0131n T\u00fcrklerden, K\u00fcrtlerden ve Farslardan tamamen farkl\u0131 bir etnik grup oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00d6zellikle Zazaca \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan dilbilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu y\u00f6ndedir. Zazaca’n\u0131n ilk olarak ba\u015fl\u0131ba\u015f\u0131na bir dil oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayan dilbilimci Karl Hadank, 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Die Mundarten der Z\u00e2z\u00e2 adl\u0131 eserinde Zazaca’n\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’nin veya Fars\u00e7a’n\u0131n bir leh\u00e7esi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu dilleri dilbilimsel olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak Zazaca’n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir dil oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peter Lerch (1856), Friedrich M\u00fcller (1864), Albert van Le Coq (1901), Prof. Dr. Jost Gippert, McKenzie, Prof. Dr. G. K\u00f4jima gibi dilbilimcilerin eserlerinde de Zazaca net bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u0130rani dil olarak tasnif edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Zaza halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131 ve siyasetten uzak kalm\u0131\u015f kesimi, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabullenmez (T\u00fcrkiye’nin Etnik Yap\u0131s\u0131, Ali Tayyar \u00d6nder, Fark Yay\u0131nlar\u0131). Zazalar\u0131n kendi ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir siyasi ve akademik merkezi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye sahip olmamas\u0131, Zaza halk\u0131n\u0131n dil ve kimlik sorununun g\u00fcndeme \u00e7ok zay\u0131f bir \u015fekilde gelmesine veya hemen hemen hi\u00e7 an\u0131lmamas\u0131na sebebiyet vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Zazalar kendilerini Tunceli y\u00f6resinde Alevi anlam\u0131nda “K\u0131rmancki”, Varto, Adakl\u0131 y\u00f6resinde “\u015ear\u00ea Ma”, Bing\u00f6l y\u00f6resinde “Zaza”, Ko\u00e7giri, Palu ve Maden y\u00f6resinde “Zaza”, Siverek, \u00c7ermik, Ko\u00e7giri ve Aksaray y\u00f6resinde “D\u0131m\u0131li” olarak adland\u0131rmakta; dillerine ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla “K\u0131rmancki”, “Zon\u00ea Ma”, “Zazaki” ya da “D\u0131m\u0131lki” demektedirler.<\/p>\n

1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Dersim” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlayan Ermeni yazar Antranig, \u0130ranolog Oskar Mann ve tarih\u00e7i V. Minorsky’e g\u00f6re, Zazalar taraf\u0131ndan kendi etnik kimli\u011fini tan\u0131t\u0131rken yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan “D\u0131m\u0131li” terimi, Ermenice kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 “D\u00ealmik” olan Kuzey-\u0130ran’daki Gilan taraflar\u0131nda bulunan Deylem b\u00f6lgesine tekabul etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Zazalar\u0131n muhtemelen MS 9. ile 11. yy. aras\u0131 Deylem’den bug\u00fcnki yurtlar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7etti\u011fi tezi bir\u00e7ok Zaza ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rmekte, ki hala Kuzey \u0130ran’da konu\u015fulan Mazenderanca ve Gilanca gibi diller Zazaca’ya k\u00f6ken olarak K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’den daha fazla yak\u0131nl\u0131k arzetmektedir. <\/p>\n

Zaza terimi ise Zazalar’\u0131n bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6y ve yer ad\u0131nda ge\u00e7mektedir. Zazana, Zuza, Sason, Zavzan gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckler de buna \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.M\u00d6 542 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pars kral\u0131 Dara (Darius)’un Behistun yaz\u0131t\u0131nda da yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat ve Dicle Havzas\u0131 “Zazana” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ZAZALARI K\u00dcRT OLARAK KABUL EDENLER <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ziya Bad\u0131ll\u0131’n\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye’deki Zazalar kendilerini as\u0131l K\u00fcrt sayarak kendilerine Kird ve kendilerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan K\u00fcrtlere daha do\u011frusu Kurmanclara da \u2013biraz da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseme ile m\u00fcterafik olarak- Kirdasi (K\u00fcrd\u00fcms\u00fc, K\u00fcrt\u00e7\u00fck) derler.<\/p>\n

Zazaca’y\u0131 konu\u015fan K\u00fcrtler b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re dillerini ayr\u0131 adlarla adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Kendilerini Kirmanc, konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 leh\u00e7eyi ise Kirmancki” diye adland\u0131ran Dersim Kirmanclar\u0131 Zaza terimini S\u00fcnni Kirmanclar (Zazalar) i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r, kendilerine b\u00f6yle denmesinden ho\u015flanmaz, tepki g\u00f6sterirler. Bing\u00f6l K\u0131rmanclar\u0131, kendilerine “K\u0131rd”, leh\u00e7elerine ise “K\u0131rdki” derler. “K\u0131rd” teriminin ne zamandan beri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kesin bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Kurd K\u00fcrt s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda bu g\u00fcne kadar \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik yorumlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bu yorumlar\u0131 yapanlar \u00e7o\u011fu kez K\u00fcrtlerin yer yer kendilerini adland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 “K\u0131rd” ve “K\u0131rmanc” s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerini hesaba katmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yunan yazarlar\u0131ndan Polybe (Polibio)’in M.\u00d6. 200`lerde s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi “Cyrti”, Strabon`un s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi K\u00fbpT\u0131o\u0131 (okunu\u015fu: Kirti, anlam\u0131: Kirtiler) ve Romal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Tito Livio (M.\u00d6. 54-M.S. 17)’nun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi “Cirtei” “Cirti” s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin bug\u00fcn baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde D\u0131m\u0131li K\u00fcrtlerinin kendilleri i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 “K\u0131rd” ve bunun \u00e7o\u011ful bi\u00e7imleri olan “K\u0131rdi” veya “Kirdi” s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri ile neredeyse ayn\u0131 olmalar\u0131 gibi hususlar \u00fczerinde durulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan “K\u0131rmanc” ve “K\u0131rmancki” terimlerinin, K\u0131rmancca (Zazaca) konu\u015fan Dersimliler taraf\u0131ndan sadece kendileri ve dilleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sanmak da yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Munzur \u00c7em Dersim’de Alevilik kitab\u0131nda bu konuya \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011finiyor:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDersimlilerin kendilerine K\u0131rmanc dedikleri do\u011fru. Ancak bu terim, san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sadece Dersim’in K\u0131rmancki (D\u0131m\u0131lki\/Zazaki\/K\u0131rdki) konu\u015fan kesimini de\u011fil; Alevi olsun, S\u00fcnni olsun Kurmanci (K\u0131rdaski) konu\u015fan kesimlerini de kaps\u0131yor. Yani, Ki\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n, Karako\u00e7an’\u0131n, Pertek’in, Mazgirt’in, \u00c7emi\u015fgezek’in, Hozat’\u0131n, Ko\u00e7kiri’nin vs. Kurmanclar\u0131n\u0131n da ad\u0131d\u0131r; K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve K\u00fcrtleri ifade ediyor. Benim do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Do\u011fu Dersim’de , “K\u0131rmanc\u00ea Mu\u015fi”, “K\u0131rmanc\u00ea Diyarbekiri” vb. tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 her an duymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201d<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 y\u00f6relerde daha de\u011fi\u015fik bir tan\u0131mlamaya da rastlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de Bat\u0131 Dersim, Malatya, Sivas ve Kayseri y\u00f6relerinde, Alevi-S\u00fcnni ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle K\u0131rmancki (Zazaki) konu\u015fan Alevi K\u00fcrtler, kendilerini ve kurmancca konu\u015fan \u00f6teki Alevi K\u00fcrtleri K\u0131rmanc, S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtleri ise S\u00fcnni ya da T\u00fcrk diye nitelendirmekteler.Yani kavram olarak Alevilik K\u00fcrtl\u00fckle, S\u00fcnnilik ise T\u00fcrkl\u00fckle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Kan ba\u011f\u0131yla birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 bilinen ayn\u0131 a\u015firetin mensuplar\u0131 i\u00e7in dahi bu ay\u0131r\u0131m s\u00f6zkonusu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

ZAZALARI T\u00dcRK OLARAK KABUL EDENLER <\/strong><\/p>\n

1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar devlet politikas\u0131 olarak, K\u00fcrtlerle beraber Zazalar\u0131n \u00f6z T\u00fcrk, dillerinini de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin leh\u00e7eleri oldu\u011fu propagandas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan Zazalar\u0131n \u0130ran’dan Anadolu’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden \u015eamanist T\u00fcrkmenler olduklar\u0131, daha sonra Alevili\u011fi benimsedikleri, fakat Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n s\u00fcnni ideolojisinin bask\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kendilerini K\u00fcrt olarak nitelendirdikleri ve K\u00fcrtle\u015ftikleri (K\u00fcrtle\u015fen T\u00fcrkmenler) bir di\u011fer tezdir.Bu tezin dayanak noktas\u0131n\u0131n birisi, Zazalar\u0131n ibadet dillerinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kavramlar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

Zazalar\u0131n 1230 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yass\u0131 \u00c7emen (Erzincan) Sava\u015f\u0131’nda yenilen Harzem\u015fah s\u00fclalerinden geldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc benimseyenlerde olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu Harzem (Harezm) T\u00fcrkmen s\u00fclaleleri Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Anadolu’ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak istemi\u015f ancak Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu devleti taraf\u0131ndan istenmemi\u015fti. 1230 Yass\u0131 \u00c7emen sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda Harzem\u015fah T\u00fcrkmenleri Do\u011fu Anadolu’nun da\u011fl\u0131k noktalar\u0131na \u00e7ekilerek, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131ndan uzak kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Zira, Harzem\u015fah hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devlet dili Fars\u00e7a, mezhebi ise Alevilikti. Harzem T\u00fcrkmenleri daha sonra Zazala\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Zazalar’\u0131n T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131 fikri daha ziyade onlar\u0131n Horasan\u00ad- T\u00fcrkistan’dan gelmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden g\u00fc\u00e7 almaktad\u0131r. Zazalar’\u0131n T\u00fcrk soylu olabilecekleri konusunda g\u00f6sterilen ikinci delil halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Eski T\u00fcrk inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt Zazalar aras\u0131nda da ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

**\u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 K\u0130TAPLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Dersim-Zaza Tarihi, Seyfi Cengiz (Dersim-Zaza Tarihi)
* Dersim Tarihi, Ali Kaya, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* Dersim Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Sait \u00c7iya, Tij Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* Dersim Zaza Ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n Tarihsel K\u00f6kenleri, Ebubekir Pamuk\u00e7u, Y\u00f6n Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k
* Belge ve Tan\u0131klar\u0131yla Dersim Direni\u015fleri, M. Kalman, Nujen Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* K\u0131rmanclar K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar ve Zazalar, Seyfi Cengiz, Desmala Sure Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* 38 ra J\u00fc Pelge, Dr. H. \u00c7a\u011flayan , Tij Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* Kul\u00ea 38i, Munzur \u00c7em, Peri Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* Dersim, Jandarma Umum Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\\’n\u0131n Raporu, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* T\u00fcrkiye\\’nin Etnik Yap\u0131s\u0131, Ali Tayyar \u00d6nder, Fark Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* T\u00fcrk Toplumunda Zazalar ve K\u00fcrtler, Prof. Orhan T\u00fcrkdo\u011fan, Tima\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* Zazalar \u00dczerine Sosyolojik Tetkikler, H. Re\u015fit Tankut, Kalan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* Zazalar ve K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar, Nazmi Sevgen, Kalan Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
* K\u00fcrt Sorununu Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, Mustafa Akyol, Do\u011fan Kitap<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zazalar, b\u00fcy\u00fck Hint-Avrupa dil ailesinin \u0130rani dillerine ait bir dil olan Zazaca’y\u0131 konu\u015fan ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7o\u011funlukla Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde ya\u015fayan bir halk. ZAZALAR’IN YASADIGI COGRAFYA Zazalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler Zazalar Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun F\u0131rat ve Dicle su havzas\u0131nda ve da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda ya\u015farlar. S\u00fckun ettikleri yer enlem 37,8\u00b0- 42\u00b0 ve boylam 37,8\u00b0- 40\u00b0 aras\u0131nda yer alan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[157],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4102","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-sizden-gelenler"},"yoast_head":"\nGenel Olarak Zaza Tarihi - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/02\/01\/genel-olarak-zaza-tarihi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Genel Olarak Zaza Tarihi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zazalar, b\u00fcy\u00fck Hint-Avrupa dil ailesinin \u0130rani dillerine ait bir dil olan Zazaca’y\u0131 konu\u015fan ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7o\u011funlukla Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’nde ya\u015fayan bir halk. ZAZALAR’IN YASADIGI COGRAFYA Zazalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler Zazalar Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun F\u0131rat ve Dicle su havzas\u0131nda ve da\u011fl\u0131k alanlarda ya\u015farlar. 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