{"id":4127,"date":"2010-02-02T00:52:54","date_gmt":"2010-02-01T21:52:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/02\/02\/korkunc-ivan-filmi-uzerine-sergei-eisenstein-ile-stalin-gorusmesi\/"},"modified":"2010-02-02T00:52:54","modified_gmt":"2010-02-01T21:52:54","slug":"korkunc-ivan-filmi-uzerine-sergei-eisenstein-ile-stalin-gorusmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/02\/02\/korkunc-ivan-filmi-uzerine-sergei-eisenstein-ile-stalin-gorusmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van Filmi \u00dczerine | Sergei Eisenstein \u0130le Stalin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme 1947 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda, Stalin, SBKP y\u00f6neticileri Jdanov ve Molotov ile S.M. Eisenstein ve N. \u00c7erkasov aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu, Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019nin sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Sovyet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sanat seviyesini y\u00fckselterek ideolojik ve politik i\u00e7eri\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckten kurtarma giri\u015fiminin gerekli bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.1 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1946 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme \u00f6ncesinde, SBKP Merkez Komitesi, Parlak Hayat filmi \u00fczerine bir karar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karar\u0131n Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019a dayanan b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/p>\n

\u201cSinema i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin – yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, y\u00f6netmenlerin ve senaristlerin- vazifelerine kayg\u0131s\u0131z ve sorumsuzca yakla\u015farak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 filmlere \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermedikleri bir ger\u00e7ektir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca hatalar\u0131, i\u015fledikleri konuya h\u00e2kim olmamalar\u0131d\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131mc\u0131 Eisenstein, \u0130van Grozny (Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van) serisinin ikinci filminde Grozny\u2019nin ilerici ordusu oprichniki\u2018yi, yoz Amerikan \u00e7etesi Ku Klux Klan gibi betimleyerek tarihi ger\u00e7eklerdeki bilgisizli\u011fi ortaya koymu\u015ftur. \u00c7elik bir iradeye sahip olan \u0130van Grozny (Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van) karakteri, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz ve \u00f6dlek bir Hamlet tipi olarak sunulmaktad\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n

\u2018De\u011fersiz filmlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki esas sebepler, konuyla ilgili bilgi eksi\u011fi ve senaristlerle yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015flerinde g\u00f6sterdikleri \u00f6zensiz tutumdur.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u201cMerkez Komite, Sinematografi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6ncelikle de ba\u015fkan Yolda\u015f Bolshakov\u2019un film st\u00fcdyolar\u0131, yap\u0131mc\u0131lar ve senaristleri yeterince denetlemedi\u011fini, filmlerin kalitesini iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gereken \u00e7abay\u0131 sarf etmedi\u011fini ve faydas\u0131z ama\u00e7lar u\u011fruna y\u00fcksek mebla\u011fda para harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen g\u00f6revlileri, kendilerine verilen vazifelere kar\u015f\u0131 sorumsuz tav\u0131rlar sergileyerek yap\u0131lmakta olan filmlerin sanatsal de\u011ferine, ideolojik ve politik i\u00e7eri\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 da kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u201cMerkez Komite, Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 Sanat Kurulunun yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kurul, \u00e7ekilecek filmlerin tarafs\u0131z ve sistematik bir ele\u015ftiri s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7mesini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almamaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla apolitik bir tav\u0131r sergileyerek filmlerin savundu\u011fu tezlere dikkat etmemektedirler. Kurul \u00fcyelerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu, film de\u011ferlendirmelerinde ilkesizliklerini g\u00f6stermektedir ve yarg\u0131lar\u0131, yap\u0131mc\u0131larla olan \u015fahs\u00ee ili\u015fkileri \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. Sinemada ele\u015ftiriden yoksunluk ve h\u00e2kim olan dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ortam\u0131, kalitesiz filmlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 sebepler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2018Sanat i\u015f\u00e7ileri, i\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 sorumsuz ve kayg\u0131s\u0131z tav\u0131r sergilemeye devam edenlerin, kendilerini geli\u015fen Sovyet sanat\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulacaklar\u0131n\u0131 kavramal\u0131d\u0131rlar; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Sovyet sanatseverlerinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gereksinim ve talepleri artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu sebeple Parti ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet de halk\u0131n estetik zevkinin ilerlemesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edecek ve onlar\u0131n sanat eserleri hususundaki taleplerini destekleyecektir.\u2019 (Merkez Komite Kararlar\u0131, SBKP, Edebiyat Ve Sanat \u00dczerine [1946- 1948], Moskova, 1951, s. 26-28.)
\u2026
Stalin, Jdanov, Molotov, Eisenstein ve \u00c7erkasov aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Saat on bir de Kremlin\u2019e davetliydik (Ak\u015fam 23.00\u2032te -y.n.). Resepsiyona vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda saat 10.50 idi. Saat tam on birde Poskrebyshev gelerek kurul odas\u0131na kadar bize e\u015flik etti.<\/p>\n

Odada Stalin, Molotov ve Jdanov vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7eri girdik, selamla\u015ft\u0131k ve masaya oturduk.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Bir mektup yazm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z. Yan\u0131t\u0131 biraz gecikti. Ge\u00e7 bulu\u015ftuk. \u00d6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir yan\u0131t vermeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm; ama sonra konu\u015fman\u0131n daha iyi olaca\u011f\u0131na karar verdim. Yo\u011funlu\u011fumdan ve vakit bulamay\u0131\u015f\u0131mdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, sizinle uzun bir aradan sonra burada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 ald\u0131m. Mektubunuz elime Kas\u0131m\u2019da ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Jdanov.<\/strong> Mektubu So\u00e7i\u2019deyken alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Evet, evet. So\u00e7i\u2019de. Filmle ilgili ne yapmaya karar verdiniz?<\/p>\n

Eisenstein.<\/strong> Filmin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, Livonsky\u2019nin Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u00e2hil edilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in iki b\u00f6l\u00fcme ay\u0131rd\u0131k. Sonu\u00e7ta film i\u00e7inde orans\u0131zl\u0131klar olu\u015ftu. Bu y\u00fczden eldeki malzeme \u00fczerinde oynamalar yapmak ve as\u0131l olarak Livonski\u2019nin Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Tarih okudunuz mu?<\/p>\n

Eisenstein. <\/strong>Az \u00e7ok.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Demek az \u00e7ok. Ben de tarihten az \u00e7ok anlar\u0131m. Oprichnina\u2018y\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015fsiniz. Oprichnina kral\u0131n ordusuydu. Bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 indirip sava\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 her an terk edebilecek olan feodal ordulardan farkl\u0131yd\u0131; d\u00fczenli ve ilerici bir ordu olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Siz ise Oprichnina\u2019y\u0131 Ku-Klux-Klan (ABD\u2019de siyahlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc katliamlar d\u00fczenleyen \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir topluluk – \u00e7.n.) gibi g\u00f6stermi\u015fsiniz.<\/p>\n

Eisenstein<\/strong> KKK\u2019\u0131n beyaz ba\u015fl\u0131k takt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; ama filmdekilerin ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n siyah oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Molotov.<\/strong> Bu \u00f6nemli bir fark de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> \u00c7ar karars\u0131z biri gibi sunulmu\u015f, Hamlet\u2019e benziyor. Ne yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ona hep ba\u015fkalar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve hi\u00e7bir karar\u0131 kendisi alm\u0131yor.
\u00c7ar \u0130van, \u00f6nemli ve bilge bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131 ve e\u011fer XI. Ludwig ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa -XIV. Ludwig i\u00e7in mutlak\u0131yet\u00e7ili\u011fi haz\u0131rlayan XI. Ludwig hakk\u0131nda bir \u015feyler okumu\u015fsunuzdur- Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek bir yerdedir. Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n bilgeli\u011fi \u015furadayd\u0131: O, olaylara ulusal bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla yakla\u015ft\u0131 ve \u00fclkesine yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n girmesine izin vermedi, \u00fclkeye d\u0131\u015f tesirin girmesini engelledi. Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131 bu bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stererek bir sapmaya ve hataya sebep oluyorsunuz. I. Petro da \u00f6nemli bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdard\u0131; ama yabanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyd\u00fc; onlara kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sonuna kadar a\u00e7t\u0131, \u00fclkesine d\u0131\u015f tesirin girmesine izin verdi ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Almanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6z yumdu. Katerina bundan daha fazlas\u0131na da m\u00fcsaade etti. Aleksandr d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekten bir Rus hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0131 vard\u0131? I. Nikolay d\u00f6neminde bir Rus hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0131 vard\u0131? Hay\u0131r, onlar Alman hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 ise d\u0131\u015f ticareti devlet tekeline ilk kez almas\u0131yd\u0131. Bunu ilk kez Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van yapt\u0131 ve sonra da Lenin.

Jdanov.<\/strong> Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131 bir sinir hastas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6stermi\u015fsiniz.<\/p>\n

Molotov.<\/strong> Daha \u00e7ok psikolojik \u00f6zellikler vurgulanm\u0131\u015f ve eylemler a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 strese, i\u00e7sel \u00e7eli\u015fkilere ki\u015fisel hislere dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Tarihi bir fig\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011fru bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermek gereklidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 uzun uzun \u00f6pmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildi. O zamanlar buna izin verilmiyordu.<\/p>\n

Jdanov<\/strong>. Ger\u00e7i film Bizans \u00fcslubuyla yap\u0131l\u0131yor; ama o \u00fcslupta da buna yer yoktu.

Molotov.<\/strong> \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde mek\u00e2n, kubbeler ve mahzenlerle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k hava yok, geni\u015f Moskova yok, insanlar g\u00f6sterilmiyor.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van son derece zalimdi. Onun neden zalim olmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6sterilebilir.
Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n hatalar\u0131ndan biri de be\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck feodal ailenin i\u015fini t\u00fcmden bitirmemesiydi. Bu be\u015f aileyi ortadan kald\u0131rsayd\u0131 Gerileme D\u00f6nemi ya\u015fanmazd\u0131. Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van birinin idam ferman\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sonradan pi\u015fman olup uzun s\u00fcre dua ederdi. Tanr\u0131 bu konularda onu huzursuz ediyordu\u2026 H\u00e2lbuki kararl\u0131 olmak gerekirdi.<\/p>\n

Molotov.<\/strong> Tarihi olaylar\u0131 etrafl\u0131ca sunmak gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00d6rne\u011fin Demyan Bedni\u2019nin Bogatip adl\u0131 oyunu. Demyan Bendi, Bogatip oyununda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n vaftiziyle alay etmi\u015fti, ancak ger\u00e7ekte H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kabul\u00fc tarihsel geli\u015fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilerici bir olayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Stalin. <\/strong>Elbette, bizler iyi H\u0131ristiyanlar de\u011filiz; ama tarihin o a\u015famas\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerici rol\u00fcn\u00fc ink\u00e2r etmek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu olay, Rus devletinin Bat\u0131yla ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Do\u011fuya y\u00f6nelmemesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Stalin, Do\u011fu ile ili\u015fkilere dair Tatar boyunduru\u011fundan nihai kurtulu\u015fun ard\u0131ndan Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n yeni Tatar h\u00fccumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir kale olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in Rusya\u2019y\u0131 alelacele birle\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Astrakan galip gelmi\u015fti ve Moskova\u2019ya her an sald\u0131rabilirlerdi, ayr\u0131ca K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131 da bunu yapabilirdi.<\/p>\n

Stalin. <\/strong>Demyan Bedni do\u011fru bir tarihsel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip de\u011fildi. Minin ve Podjarski heykelini Vasily Blazhenova Kilisesi yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Demyan Bedni buna itiraz ederek o heykelin at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Minin ve Podjarski\u2019nin unutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini yazd\u0131. Bu mektuba cevap olarak ona \u015f\u00f6yle dedim: \u2018 \u0130van, kendi aileni unutma. Tarihi bir kenara atamay\u0131z\u2026\u2019<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan Stalin, Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van yorumuna dair bir dizi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtti; Malyuta Skuratov\u2019un \u00f6nemli bir general oldu\u011funu ve Livonia ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta kahramanca \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ele\u015ftirinin her zaman i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ele\u015ftiri sayesinde Pudovkin\u2019in Amiral Nakhimov gibi g\u00fczel bir film yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. \u201cDaha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yapmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za eminiz. Sadece filmde de\u011fil, tiyatroda da Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van karakteri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Bu karaktere \u00e2\u015f\u0131k oldum ve sahneleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Stalin buna cevaben Molotov ve Jdanov\u2019a d\u00f6nerek \u201cDeneyelim mi?\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov. <\/strong>Gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na eminim.<\/p>\n

Stalin. <\/strong>Tanr\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131z olsun,- her g\u00fcn yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. (G\u00fcler.)

Eisenstein.<\/strong> Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde bir\u00e7ok sahne ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131 ve bu da serinin devam\u0131n\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in bize g\u00fcven veriyor.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Sizin neyi ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hakk\u0131nda de\u011fil, eksikleriniz hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fuyoruz.<\/p>\n

Eisenstein filme dair ba\u015fka talimatlar\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordu.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Ben size talimat vermiyorum, yaln\u0131zca seyircinin fikrini dile getiriyorum. Tarihi karakterlerin do\u011fru yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklidir. Glinka bize neyi g\u00f6sterdi? Bu Glinka nedir? \u00c7izilen tip Glinka\u2019ya de\u011fil, Maksim\u2019e benzemi\u015f. (L. Arnshtam\u2019\u0131n Besteci Glinka filmi hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fuyorlard\u0131. Ba\u015frol\u00fc B. Chirkov oynuyordu.) Akt\u00f6r Chirkov kendini ifade edemedi ve bir akt\u00f6r i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli nitelik, kendini d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilme yetene\u011fidir. (\u00c7erkasov\u2019u i\u015faret ederek) Siz kendinizi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye yatk\u0131ns\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Jdanov, \u00c7erkasov\u2019un Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019da \u015fanss\u0131z oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bahar filminin \u00e7ekimlerinden dolay\u0131 bir panik havas\u0131 vard\u0131 ve \u00c7erkasov, Hayat Ad\u0131na filminde de bir kap\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 oynamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov, \u00e7ar rol\u00fcnde defalarca oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hatta I. Petro ve Aleksander rollerini bile oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Jdanov. <\/strong>Soy zincirine g\u00f6re. T\u00fcm \u00e7arlar\u0131 s\u0131rayla oynam\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Tarihi \u015fahsiyetleri do\u011fru ve belirgin bir bi\u00e7imde sunmak gerekir. (Eisenstein\u2019a). Siz, Aleksander Nevsky\u2018yi y\u00f6nettiniz. Olduk\u00e7a iyiydi. En \u00f6nemli \u015fey, tarihsel d\u00f6nemin \u00fcslubunu korumakt\u0131r. Y\u00f6netmen tarihten sapabilir. Tarihsel malzemeyi oldu\u011fu gibi kopyalamas\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011fildir, kendi fikirleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r; ama \u00fcslubun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde. Y\u00f6netmen ancak tarihi d\u00f6nemin \u00fcslubu i\u00e7inde hareket edebilir.

Jdanov.<\/strong> Belli ki g\u00f6lgelerden (ki bunlar seyircinin dikkatini da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yor) ve Korkun\u00e7 Ivan\u2019\u0131n sakal\u0131ndan \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015fsiniz. Korkun\u00e7 Ivan s\u0131rf sakal\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcks\u00fcn diye yerli yersiz ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geriye at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Eisenstein, Serinin sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n sakal\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131saltma s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> (Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van filminin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki akt\u00f6rleri an\u0131msar) Kurbski, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcyd\u00fc. Staritski \u00e7ok iyiydi (Akt\u00f6r Kado\u00e7nikov). Sinekleri kusursuzca yakal\u0131yordu. Bir de taht\u0131n varisi, sinekleri elleriyle yakal\u0131yordu! Bu t\u00fcr ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar gereklidir. Bunlar insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov\u2019un Sovyet Film Festivaline kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili olarak konu \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019n\u0131n durumuna geldi. \u00c7erkasov, Sovyetler Birli\u011finin \u00c7ekoslovakya halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sevildi\u011fini anlatt\u0131.
Daha sonra, Amerika taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131lan \u00c7ekoslovakya \u015fehirlerine de\u011finildi.<\/p>\n

Stalin. <\/strong>Bizim g\u00f6revimiz Prag\u2019a Amerikal\u0131lardan \u00f6nce girmekti. Amerikal\u0131lar b\u00fcy\u00fck tela\u015f i\u00e7indeydi; ama biz, Koniev\u2019in sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde onlar\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131p Prag\u2019\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman eline ge\u00e7meden alabildik. Amerikal\u0131lar \u00c7ekoslovakya sanayisini bombalad\u0131. Bu politikay\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar\u0131n hedefi kendileriyle rekabet i\u00e7inde olan sanayileri y\u0131kmakt\u0131. Oray\u0131 keyifle bombalad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov, Franco ve Goebbels\u2019in B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Zorin\u2019in villas\u0131nda \u00e7ektirdikleri foto\u011fraflardan s\u00f6z etti.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> O domuzlar\u0131n i\u015fini bitirdi\u011fimiz iyi oldu. E\u011fer o al\u00e7aklar kazansayd\u0131, olacaklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek bile deh\u015fet verici.
\u2026
Stalin, \u00c7erkasov\u2019un karakter canland\u0131rma hususundaki yetene\u011fine ve akt\u00f6r Kmelev\u2019i yeniden sahneye \u00e7\u0131karabilme \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov, Leningrad\u2019daki Marine Tiyatrosunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bir\u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. O zamanlar usta karakter oyuncusu Shaliapin de o sahnede oynuyordu.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> O b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oyuncuydu.<\/p>\n

Jdanov.<\/strong> Bahar filminin \u00e7ekimleri nas\u0131l gidiyor, diye sordu.

\u00c7erkasov.<\/strong> Yak\u0131nda bitirece\u011fiz. Bahar filmi, bahara do\u011fru g\u00f6sterime girecek.

Jdanov. <\/strong>Bahar\u2018\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini be\u011fendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Aktris Orlova olduk\u00e7a iyi oynam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov.<\/strong> Akt\u00f6r Plyatt gayet iyi rol yapm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Jdanov.<\/strong> Peki, Ranevskaya nas\u0131l oynad\u0131! (elini sallad\u0131.)<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov.<\/strong> Hayat\u0131mda ilk kez bir filmde sakals\u0131z, b\u0131y\u0131ks\u0131z, pelerinsiz ve makyajs\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Bir y\u00f6netmeni oynuyorum ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcmden biraz utan\u0131yorum, karakterlerimin arkas\u0131na saklan\u0131yormu\u015f gibi hissediyorum. Bu, b\u00fcy\u00fck sorumluluk isteyen bir rol; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir Sovyet y\u00f6netmenini temsil etmeliyim ve b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6netmenlerimiz kayg\u0131l\u0131: bir Sovyet y\u00f6netmen nas\u0131l g\u00f6sterilecek?<\/p>\n

Molotov.<\/strong> Ve burada \u00c7erkasov b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6netmenlerle hesapla\u015f\u0131yor! Bahar filmine itiraz edildi\u011finde \u00c7erkasov, filmle ilgili Sovyet Sanat\u0131 gazetesinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 okuyup filmin yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ve sonra Jdanov:<\/strong> Bahar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n bozuldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren \u00c7erkasov, kap\u0131c\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlendi, dedi. Jdanov, Bahar\u2018\u0131n bir ele\u015ftiri bombard\u0131man\u0131na tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 tasvip etmiyordu.<\/p>\n

Aktris Orlova\u2019n\u0131n oyunculu\u011fu Stalin\u2019in ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Onu bir oyuncu olarak takdir ediyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov, Orlova\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma azmine ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir yetene\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Jdanov.<\/strong> Orlova son derece iyi oynad\u0131. Ve kimse onun Volga-Volga\u2018daki postac\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc unutmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov.<\/strong> Hayat Ad\u0131na filmini izlediniz mi?<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Hay\u0131r, ben izlemedim; ama elimizde Kliment Efremovich\u2019in iyi bir raporu var. Voro\u015filov filmi be\u011fendi.
O halde b\u00fct\u00fcn sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc demektir. (Molotov ve Jdanov\u2019a d\u00f6nerek) Yolda\u015flar, ne dersiniz, yolda\u015f \u00c7erkasov ve Eisenstein\u2019a filmi tamamlama imk\u00e2n\u0131 verelim mi?
L\u00fctfen b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 yolda\u015f Bolshakov\u2019a iletin, diye ekledi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov filmle ve Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ilgili birka\u00e7 ayr\u0131nt\u0131 daha sordu.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> D\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekmiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov.<\/strong> Staritskova cinayetiyle ilgili sahne senaryoda kalabilir mi?<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> O sahne kalabilir. O cinayet ger\u00e7ekten oldu.

\u00c7erkasov<\/strong>. Malyuta Skuratov\u2019un Metropolit Philip\u2019i bo\u011fazlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sahne var.<\/p>\n

Jdanov.<\/strong> Tver Otroch Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda ge\u00e7en sahne mi?<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov.<\/strong> Evet, bu sahnenin de senaryoda kalmas\u0131 gerekir mi? Stalin bu sahnenin tarihi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Molotov, bask\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6stermenin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu ancak bu bask\u0131n\u0131n hangi ama\u00e7 u\u011fruna yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Bu nedenle, yaln\u0131zca bodrumlar\u0131n ya da s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131n de\u011fil daha geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n ve buralardaki olaylar\u0131n da ekrana yans\u0131mas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov de\u011fi\u015ftirilecek sahnelerle ve serinin ikinci filmiyle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade etti.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Film nas\u0131l bitiyor? Serinin ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc filmlerini de yapmak i\u00e7in daha iyi nas\u0131l sonland\u0131r\u0131labilir? Bunu nas\u0131l planlayabiliriz?<\/p>\n

Eisenstein, ikinci filmin \u00e7ekilmi\u015f sahneleriyle senaryodan arta kalanlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek tek ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir film yapman\u0131n daha iyi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Herkes bu fikre kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Filminiz nas\u0131l bitecek?<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov.<\/strong> Film Livonia\u2019n\u0131n yenilgisi, Malyuta Skuratov\u2019un trajik \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve d\u00f6rt yan\u0131n\u0131 saran askerleri aras\u0131nda Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n denize do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f sahnesiyle bitecek. Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van \u015f\u00f6yle diyecek: \u201cYolumuza devam ediyoruz ve edece\u011fiz!\u201d<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Evet, tam da b\u00f6yle oldu, hatta daha fazlas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov, senaryo tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Politburo\u2019ya tasdik etmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6stermek gerekir mi, diye sordu.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Gerek yok, kendiniz karar verin. Senaryoya bak\u0131p de\u011ferlendirmek genellikle zor olur, yap\u0131t\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f haliyle g\u00f6r\u00fcp onun \u00fcst\u00fcne konu\u015fmak daha kolayd\u0131r. (Molotov\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fcp) Senaryoyu okumak istiyor olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Molotov.<\/strong> Hay\u0131r, ben di\u011fer alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Bol\u015fakov okusun.<\/p>\n

Eisenstein, filmin yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in acele etmeye gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Bu yoruma herkesten olumlu tepki geldi.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Kesinlikle acele etmemek gerekir; acele etmek bir filmin g\u00f6sterime girmesinden \u00e7ok \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn kapanmas\u0131na sebep olur. [\u0130lya] Repin, Kazaklar\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk Sultan\u0131n\u0131n Mektubuna Cevab\u0131 eseri \u00fcst\u00fcnde 11 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u2026
Herkes, sadece uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda iyi bir film yap\u0131labilece\u011fi sonucuna vard\u0131.
Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van filmine gelince, dedi Stalin,<\/strong> gerekirse bir bu\u00e7uk, iki hatta \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l bu filmi yapmak i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131n. Ama film g\u00fczel olmal\u0131, bir heykel gibi asl\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmal\u0131.
Nitelikleri y\u00fckseltmeliyiz. Daha az ama daha nitelikli filmler olsun. Seyirci geli\u015fti ve biz de ona iyi yap\u0131tlar sunmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Tselikovskaya\u2019n\u0131n oyunculu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131; karakterleri iyi canland\u0131r\u0131yordu; ama as\u0131l alan\u0131 oyunculuk de\u011fil baleydi.<\/p>\n

Biz de, Alma-Ata\u2019ya bir ba\u015fka aktrisi getirtmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledik.<\/p>\n

Stalin, y\u00f6netmen akl\u0131na koydu\u011funu yapmal\u0131 ve her neye ihtiya\u00e7 varsa onu talep etmelidir, dedi. Ancak bizim y\u00f6netmenlerimiz hemen boyun e\u011fiyorlar. Bazen bir rol\u00fc, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir akt\u00f6r gerekti\u011fi halde o role hi\u00e7 yak\u0131\u015fmayan bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 oynuyor. Bunun sebebi de talep edenin akt\u00f6r ve kabul edenin y\u00f6netmen olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Eisenstein<\/strong>. Aktris Go\u015feva \u00e7ekimler i\u00e7in Alma-Ata\u2019daki Sanat Tiyatrosundan ayr\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan iki y\u0131l boyunca Anastasia rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynayacak bir aktris arad\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Stalin. <\/strong>Akt\u00f6r Jarov\u2019un, Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2018da oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karaktere kar\u015f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f ve ciddiyetsiz bir bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. Ciddi bir ordu generalini canland\u0131ramam\u0131\u015f.

Jdanov.<\/strong> Bu Malyuta Skuratov de\u011fil, bu bir z\u00fcppe.<\/p>\n

Stalin.<\/strong> Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van, daha milliyet\u00e7i, daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc sahibi bir \u00e7ard\u0131. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 tesirine girmesine izin vermedi. I. Petro ise kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya a\u00e7t\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkasov, Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van serisinin ikinci filmini izlememi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 utan\u00e7 ve talihsizlik say\u0131yordu. Film yap\u0131l\u0131p g\u00f6sterime girdi\u011fi s\u0131rada Leningrad\u2019da bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Eisenstein da filmin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc izleyemedi\u011fini; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc filmi bitirdikten sonra hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekledi.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ve e\u011flence yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme, Stalin\u2019in onlara ba\u015far\u0131 dilekleri ve \u201cTanr\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131z olsun!\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcyle noktaland\u0131.
El s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar. Saat 00.10\u2032da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sona ermi\u015fti.
Eisenstein ve \u00c7erkasov taraf\u0131ndan bu rapora bir ekleme yap\u0131ld\u0131:
\u201cJdanov, \u2018Filmde dini t\u00f6renlere a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fck var\u2019, dedi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7adan \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7ev. Sumana Jha.<\/p>\n

G. Maryamov: Kremlevskii Tsenzor, Moskova, 1992, s. 84-91.<\/p>\n

kaynak: http:\/\/www.revolutionarydemocracy.org\/rdv3n2\/ivant.htm<\/p>\n

Stalin Ar\u015fivi \u00e7eviri birimi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme 1947 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda, Stalin, SBKP y\u00f6neticileri Jdanov ve Molotov ile S.M. Eisenstein ve N. \u00c7erkasov aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu, Bol\u015fevik Parti\u2019nin sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Sovyet k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sanat seviyesini y\u00fckselterek ideolojik ve politik i\u00e7eri\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckten kurtarma giri\u015fiminin gerekli bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.1 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1946 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme \u00f6ncesinde, SBKP Merkez Komitesi, Parlak Hayat filmi \u00fczerine bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-sinema"],"yoast_head":"\nKorkun\u00e7 \u0130van Filmi \u00dczerine | Sergei Eisenstein \u0130le Stalin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/02\/02\/korkunc-ivan-filmi-uzerine-sergei-eisenstein-ile-stalin-gorusmesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van Filmi \u00dczerine | Sergei Eisenstein \u0130le Stalin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme 1947 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda, Stalin, SBKP y\u00f6neticileri Jdanov ve Molotov ile S.M. Eisenstein ve N. \u00c7erkasov aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 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