![](\"http:\/\/www.umut.org.tr\/userfiles\/image\/haber207.jpg\")
<\/h2>\n<\/h2>\n\u0130nsan\u0131n g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131, kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi, varlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in tek \u00e7\u0131kar yol \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak, bir \u015fey \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bedensel ve zihinsel olarak \u00e7aba harcamak, bireyi ve toplumu geli\u015ftiren, de\u011fi\u015ftiren en \u00f6nemli ve olumlu tutkulardan biridir. Hatta do\u011fada bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, geli\u015fmek ve de\u011fi\u015fmek i\u00e7in sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 do\u011fal bir d\u00fcrt\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
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Ar\u0131lar\u0131n, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n, b\u00f6ceklerin, evcil olan ve olmayan hayvanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim adamlar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ve i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 toplulukta kendilerine d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6revleri yerine getirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini g\u00f6zlemi\u015flerdir. Tek h\u00fccreli amipler bile ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ancak durmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirler.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan\u0131n da bedensel ve ruhsal yap\u0131s\u0131 durmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Hi\u00e7bir i\u015f yapmayan, oturan ya da yatan, uyuyan bir insanda bile b\u00fct\u00fcn organlar i\u015flevlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Zihinsel etkinlik bir an bile durmaz, ge\u00e7mi\u015f an\u0131lar, gelecek beklentiler, g\u00fcncel sorunlar\u00a0 durmaks\u0131z\u0131n ak\u0131p gider, kimi kez bunlar aras\u0131nda yeni ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurulur. De\u011fi\u015fik bile\u015fimler yap\u0131l\u0131r. R\u00fcyalar zihinsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n uykuda bile durmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren en sa\u011flam kan\u0131tt\u0131r. Zihinsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n r\u00fcyas\u0131z uykuda bile s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc beyin elektri\u011fi kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
BEDENSEL VE Z\u0130H\u0130NSEL \u00c7ALI\u015eMA AYRILAMAZ
Kuramsal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, bedensel ve zihinsel olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ger\u00e7ekte b\u00f6yle bir ayr\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. En basit eli\u015finin yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda bile mutlaka zihinsel bir katk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu katk\u0131 ne denli \u00e7ok olursa, yap\u0131lacak i\u015fte beceri ve ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131 da o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artar. Kazma k\u00fcrekle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kazman\u0131n sallanmas\u0131, k\u00fcre\u011fin tutulmas\u0131, kaz\u0131lacak topra\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, kazma ve k\u00fcre\u011fin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 zamanlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, dinlenme aralar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi, bir yandan yap\u0131lan i\u015fin verimini artt\u0131r\u0131rken, \u00f6te yandan gereksiz yere beden g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn harcanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n
Zihinsel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi ellerine, parmaklar\u0131na yeni beceriler att\u0131k\u00e7a, zihinsel geli\u015fmesini somut olarak ortaya koyabilme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r.Zihinsel \u00e7aba ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucu olu\u015fan yeni bile\u015fimleri \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ilim ya da sanat \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ortaya koymak isteyen insan, bunlara li\u015fkin beceriler kazanmak zorundad\u0131r. Bilim adam\u0131ysa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini uygulayabilmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri beceriyle kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 bilecektir. Yontu sanat\u0131yla ilgileniyorsa, elindeki malzemeyi en iyi bi\u00e7imde kullanabilecek yollan \u00f6\u011frenmesi gereklidir. Mimar ya da m\u00fchendisse, tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek teknik olanaklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Tiyatro ya da sinema oyuncusuysa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve duygular\u0131n\u0131 en iyi bi\u00e7imde konu\u015fma, mimik ve hareketlere yans\u0131tacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, bedensel ve zihinsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kesin s\u0131n\u0131rlarla birbirlerinden ay\u0131rmak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ALI\u015eMAK RUH SA\u011eL\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N ZORUNLUDUR
insan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fcretmesi b\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fal i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fc ve d\u00fcrt\u00fclerin doyumu, toplumsal g\u00fcd\u00fclerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereksinimlerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli, hatta zorunludur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyimle, tutkusu \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flar. Bu tutkunun kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, evde ailenin, okulda \u00f6\u011fretmenin, i\u015fyerinde ustan\u0131n, bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7evrelerde bulunan ki\u015filerin \u00e7ocu\u011fa ve gence iyi \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131 gereklidir. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7ocuk ki\u015fili\u011finin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmeyi yaparken, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi olarak benimsemi\u015f olur. Ya\u015fam boyu insanlar\u0131n istedi\u011fini elde etmesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapmas\u0131, tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak olur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak hem ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, hem de ki\u015fili\u011fin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir gereksinimdir. \u0130nsan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p yaratt\u0131k\u00e7a, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e kendisine g\u00fcvenir. Yapt\u0131klarla sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131k\u00e7a, kendisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulur. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecine etkin bir bi\u00e7imde kat\u0131lan insan, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu, kendisine gereksinme duyuldu\u011funu hisseder. Toplumla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen ki\u015fi, birlik ve beraberlik duygusunu daha iyi alg\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak, \u00fcretmek \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f insan\u0131n temel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde \u00f6nemli kaynaklardan biridir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmayan insanda ruhsal denge ve d\u00fczen bozulur. Ruhsal dengesi bozulmu\u015f olan bir\u00e7ok insan i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak en iyi tedavi yolu olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan insan ruhsal bak\u0131mdan kendisini sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fclerden, g\u00fcnl\u00fck sorunlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131lardan, ya\u015fam sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan uzak kalabilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan insan s\u00fcrekli olarak kendisini geli\u015ftirmek, de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve yenilemek olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulur. De\u011fi\u015fik nesneler ve ki\u015filerle ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar. B\u00f6ylece ya\u015fama daha sa\u011flam bi\u00e7imde ba\u011flan\u0131r. Do\u011fay\u0131, evreni, insanlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok benimser, i\u00e7ine sindirir. \u00c7evresinde bulunan canl\u0131 cans\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn yarat\u0131klarla kendisi aras\u0131nda duygusal ba\u011flar kurabilir. Her \u015feyin duygular\u0131nda ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde bir yeri, rol\u00fc ve de\u011feri olur. \u0130nsan\u0131n benimsedi\u011fi her yeni ba\u011flant\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fi olgunla\u015ft\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmadan ak\u0131p giden zaman bireysel ve toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmayan insan\u0131n kendi ki\u015fili\u011fine ve \u00e7evreye sayg\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131r. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 ye yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Kendisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme olana\u011f\u0131 kaybolur. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecine etkin ya da, edilgen bi\u00e7imde kat\u0131lmayan ki\u015fi, kendini toplumdan soyutlanm\u0131\u015f hissederek yaln\u0131zl\u0131k ve yabanc\u0131la\u015fma duygusuna kap\u0131l\u0131r. Kayg\u0131 ve gerilimler ba\u015flar. Ruhsal dengesizlik ve bocalamalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Davran\u0131\u015f ve uyum bozukluklar\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar ve tutsakl\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
BO\u015e ZAMAN VE D\u0130NLENME
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmadan ge\u00e7en zaman, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, bo\u015f zaman ve dinlenme, ki\u015finin ve toplumun ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir sorundur. Bo\u015f ya da serbest zaman, insan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamak ya da yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 istedi\u011fi gibi se\u00e7me \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011fu s\u00fcredir. Uyku, g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015f, \u00f6\u011frenim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan bu zaman i\u00e7inde insan istedi\u011fi gibi davranabilir. \u0130sterse dinlenebilir, e\u011flenebilir, oyun oynayabilir, kendisini bir meslekte yeti\u015ftirebilir, mesle\u011finde ilerlemek \u0130\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, \u00f6zel bir konuyla ilgilenebilir.<\/p>\n
Ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zaman\u0131n olumlu ve yararl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde de\u011ferlen, dirilmesi, bireye sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcven duygusu, sayg\u0131nl\u0131k, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve kendi, sini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede ki\u015fili\u011fe yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bedensel ve zihin, sel geli\u015fme i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilen u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc, yeni beceri ve bilgilerin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 bu de\u011ferlendirmede rol oynar. Bo\u015f zaman\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek ve dinlenmek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamak de\u011fil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir. S\u00fcrekli olarak oturarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir insan\u0131n bah\u00e7eyle u\u011fra\u015fmas\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi, spor yapmas\u0131, bedensel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin kitap okumas\u0131, sinemaya, tiyatroya gitmesi en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve yararl\u0131 dinlenme bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n
Bo\u015f zamanlan de\u011ferlendirme ve dinlenme etkin ve edilgin bi\u00e7imde olur. Etkin de\u011ferlendirme, bireyin ve toplumun geli\u015fmesine yararl\u0131 ve olumlu katk\u0131 yapar. Ku\u015fkusuz, bo\u015f zamanlan de\u011ferlendirmek ve dinlenmek i\u00e7in bireyin se\u00e7ti\u011fi u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n topluma katk\u0131s\u0131, ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct olarak kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak insan\u0131n topluma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131 oran\u0131nda kendisine duydu\u011fu g\u00fcvenin artaca\u011f\u0131 ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, bo\u015f zaman de\u011ferlendirme ve dinlenmenin ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yaran, bireyin ve toplumun geli\u015fmesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131 oran\u0131nda artar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, etkin de\u011ferlendirmelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, toprak ve bah\u00e7ede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, eli\u015fi, sanat, halk oyunlar\u0131, spor, \u00f6\u011frenme ve tan\u0131ma amac\u0131 olan geziler, kitap okuma, yazma, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc konunun zihinsel geli\u015fme ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyaracak bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Edilgin de\u011ferlendirmede insan \u00e7o\u011funlukla izleyici durumundad\u0131r. Ancak ki\u015finin amac\u0131, se\u00e7imi, beklentisi, e\u011filimi do\u011frultusunda etkin bi\u00e7ime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Televizyon izlemek, radyo dinlemek, spor g\u00f6sterisine, ma\u00e7a, sinemaya, tiyatroya gitmek, arkada\u015flarla konu\u015fmak, gezmek bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirmeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. \u0130nsan isterse bu t\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirmelerden de bedensel ve zihinsel geli\u015fmesine olumlu katk\u0131lar yapacak \u00f6\u011feleri toplayabilir.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011ferlendirme bi\u00e7imleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ama\u00e7s\u0131z, ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f gezip tozma, evde, kahvede oturup \u00e7ene \u00e7alma, oyun oynama, konu kom\u015fuyu \u00e7eki\u015ftirmek de bo\u015f zaman ge\u00e7irme yoludur. Ara s\u0131ra yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli, hatta yararl\u0131 olabilir. Ancak al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k durumuna geldi\u011finde zararl\u0131 olur. Ki\u015fiyi tutsak durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Kayg\u0131, tedirginlik, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, bunal\u0131m yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131 etkin bi\u00e7imde ki\u015fili\u011fin ve toplumun geli\u015fmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de\u011ferlendirme tutkusu bir uygarl\u0131k sorunudur. \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunun i\u00e7in \u0130nsan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sayg\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6rmesi, be\u011feni kazanmas\u0131, desteklenmesi gereklidir. \u00d6zetle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k toplumun en y\u00fcksek de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda yer almal\u0131 ve birer erdem olarak benimsenmelidir.<\/p>\n
Mutlu ya\u015famak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7aba gereklidir. Bunlar olmadan \u00abrahat\u00bb ya\u015famay\u0131 beklemek ger\u00e7ekte ya\u015famak de\u011fildir. Orhan Veli Kan\u0131k \u00abRahat\u00bb adl\u0131 dizelerinde bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle dile getiriyor:<\/p>\n
\u015eu kavga bir bitse dersin YARATICILI\u011eIN TEMEL\u0130 Genel olarak sanat, ki\u015fisel sorunlara y\u00fcceltme, yaratma, kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmakt\u0131r. Bu yolla verilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler esteti \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri \u0130\u00e7inde sanat yap\u0131t\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilirse, toplumsal nitelik kazan\u0131r. Yaratan ki\u015fiyi a\u015far. Ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc durumuna gelir.<\/p>\n Sanat tarihinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek, yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan ki\u015filerin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde kar\u015f\u0131t iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan birine g\u00f6re, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n verdi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Sanat\u00e7\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir insand\u0131r. \u00d6teki \u0130nsanlarda olmayan \u00fcst\u00fcn yetenekleri ve becerileri vard\u0131r. Di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fse, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bireysel sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu olarak kabul eder. Sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 yarat\u0131c\u0131 tutkular\u0131, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filimleri olan saplant\u0131l\u0131 bir ki\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece sanat\u00e7\u0131yla saplant\u0131l\u0131, tutkulu insanlar aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn sanat\u00e7\u0131ya insan ve do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc, mistik bir de\u011fer vermesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ikincisi, sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 nevrotik ki\u015filik yap\u0131s\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131 da nevrotik ki\u015filikteki ilkel duygu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve e\u011filimlerin y\u00fcceltilmesidir.<\/p>\n Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yorumunu yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn de yetersiz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu konuyu, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klama olana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Ancak yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta; do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen gizli g\u00fc\u00e7lerle, sonradan kazan\u0131lan ki\u015filik \u00f6zelliklerinin ve \u00e7evrenin etkili oldu\u011fu da tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z kabul edilecek bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u00d6te yandan, b\u00fct\u00fcn ruhbilim \u00f6\u011fretileri yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayg\u0131dan kurtulmak, kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan en olumlu yol oldu\u011funu kabul etmekte, sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 yoklu\u011fu, hi\u00e7li\u011fi, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ya\u015fama d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olan bir insan olarak g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n TOPLUMSAL \u0130LET\u0130\u015e\u0130M ARACI: SANAT Kimi sanat\u00e7\u0131lar t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucu duyduktan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kayg\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in alkol ve uyu\u015fturucu maddelerin tutsa\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Alkolik olan sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Toulouse Lautrec, Gerard Nerval yer al\u0131r. Uyu\u015fturucu madde kullananlar aras\u0131nda Thomas da Quincy, Coleridge, Baudelaire, Theophile Gautler, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Ve\u0131iaine vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi olan her insan bunlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131dan yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve y\u00fcceltme yoluyla kurtulabilir. Yaratt\u0131k\u00e7a kendisine g\u00fcveni ve sayg\u0131s\u0131 artar. Kendisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yolunda olumlu ad\u0131mlar atar. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sanat de\u011ferinin olup olmamas\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir sorundur, ilkeleri ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri de\u011fi\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130nsan\u0131n g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131, kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi, varlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in tek \u00e7\u0131kar yol \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak, bir \u015fey \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bedensel ve zihinsel olarak \u00e7aba harcamak, bireyi ve toplumu geli\u015ftiren, de\u011fi\u015ftiren en \u00f6nemli ve olumlu tutkulardan biridir. Hatta do\u011fada bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, geli\u015fmek ve de\u011fi\u015fmek i\u00e7in sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 do\u011fal bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4179","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-psikoloji"},"yoast_head":"\n
Ac\u0131kmasam dersin
Yorulmasam dersin
\u00c7i\u015fim gelmese dersin
Uykum gelmese dersin
\u00f6lsem desene.<\/em><\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi gibi, i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu kayg\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan olgun savunma d\u00fczenlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda y\u00fcceltme d\u00fczeni yer al\u0131r. Y\u00fcceltme, ilkel nitelikteki e\u011filim ve isteklerin, do\u011fal ama\u00e7lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6netilmesidir. \u0130nsan\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yolunda kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme gereksinimine doyum aramas\u0131 sanat\u0131n temelidir. Genel olarak, her sanat yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir insan\u0131n \u00e7abas\u0131, her insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde de bir sanat yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Her insanda, \u00e7ocukluk ve gen\u00e7lik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki geli\u015fme ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131 ve tedirginlikten kaynaklanan yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7a\u011flarda bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f duygular\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin, gerilimlerin ki\u015fisel, toplumsal, evrensel birikimlerle bi\u00e7imlenip d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, bo\u015falmas\u0131 yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temelidir. Tedirginli\u011fe \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arama, d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma ve bo\u015falmaya denge, d\u00fczen ve bi\u00e7im verme g\u00fcc\u00fc sanat yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yap\u0131ta iki de\u011fi\u015fik a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131labilir. Bunlardan biri, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yoluyla kendisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fiye sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcven, sayg\u0131nl\u0131k, dirlik, d\u00fczenliktir. Di\u011feri de, yap\u0131t\u0131n toplumsal de\u011feri, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in t\u00fcrl\u00fc sanat dallar\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkeler, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fer, estetik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7inde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir.<\/p>\n
Bir s\u0131n\u0131rdan sonra ruhbilim \u00f6\u011fretilerinin a\u00e7\u0131klamakta yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve sanat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k konusu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ruhbilimle sanat aras\u0131nda ba\u015fka ba\u011flant\u0131lar da vard\u0131r. Sanat alan\u0131nda yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ki\u015finin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerden kaynaklanan kayg\u0131lara sanat yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aramas\u0131d\u0131r.
Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sanat\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015flemlerine, tasar\u0131mlar\u0131na sanat \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri \u0130\u00e7inde bi\u00e7im verir. Onlar\u0131 zihnindeki soyutlamalardan kurtar\u0131p ger\u00e7ek ve somut bir nesneye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir. Sanat\u0131 kendisiyle toplum aras\u0131nda\u00a0 ileti\u015fim ve etki arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131r. Dostoyevski, Leonardo da Vinci, Cezanne, Arthur Rimbaud, Dylan Thomas kayg\u0131l\u0131 ve nevrotik ki\u015filik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 evrensel \u00fcr\u00fcnlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcn insanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n