{"id":4218,"date":"2010-02-15T20:24:38","date_gmt":"2010-02-15T17:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/02\/15\/yalnizca-rus-edebiyatinin-degil-dunya-edebiyatinin-da-en-buyuk-yazarlarindan-biri-olan-maksim-gorki\/"},"modified":"2010-02-15T20:24:38","modified_gmt":"2010-02-15T17:24:38","slug":"yalnizca-rus-edebiyatinin-degil-dunya-edebiyatinin-da-en-buyuk-yazarlarindan-biri-olan-maksim-gorki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/02\/15\/yalnizca-rus-edebiyatinin-degil-dunya-edebiyatinin-da-en-buyuk-yazarlarindan-biri-olan-maksim-gorki\/","title":{"rendered":"Yaln\u0131zca Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olan Maksim Gorki"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yaln\u0131zca Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olan Maksim Gorki, bundan yetmi\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 18 Haziran 1936’da Moskova’da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Macar ele\u015ftirmen Gy\u00f6rgy Lukacs, Gorki’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Kurtar\u0131c\u0131” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131na: “\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc.” c\u00fcmlesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihte Gorki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131yd\u0131. Pekiyi, yetmi\u015f y\u0131l sonra Gorki unutuldu mu? Elbette hay\u0131r! “Sosyalist ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik” kavram\u0131n\u0131n isim babas\u0131 Gorki, \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, romanlar\u0131, oyunlar\u0131, an\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici \u00f6nder ki\u015fili\u011fi ve devrimci tavr\u0131yla, bug\u00fcn de ya\u015famaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

1917 Ekim Sosyalist Devrimi’nin \u00f6nderi Lenin, dostu ve arkada\u015f\u0131 Gorki’yi “Proleter sanat\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck temsilcisi” olarak nitelendiriyordu. Gorki’nin \u00e7eli\u015fkili tavr\u0131na, mistisizme varan saplant\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Lenin, Gorki’ye her zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer veriyordu.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin ilk Halk E\u011fitim Komiseri Lu-na\u00e7arski: “Proletarya felsef\u00ee ve siyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan kendi bilimine nas\u0131l Marks, Engels ve Lenin’in yap\u0131tlar\u0131yla ula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa, sanatsal a\u00e7\u0131dan da Gorki’nin yap\u0131tlar\u0131yla bilince ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” diyordu.<\/p>\n

“Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fin Tarihi” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Boris Suckhov: “D\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde nitel bir yeni evrenin, yani, toplumsal ili\u015fkilerde, sosyalist \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bir evrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eder Maksim Gorki.” diyerek, onun d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli konumuna dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Gorki’nin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, bir moda edebiyat ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterisi de\u011fil, tarihsel bir zorunlulu\u011fun sonucuydu. Gorki, gerek yap\u0131tlar\u0131, gerek m\u00fccadeleci ki\u015fili\u011fiyle, tarihin kendisine y\u00fckledi\u011fi sorumlulu\u011fu, yi\u011fit\u00e7e yerine getirdi. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden G. Lukacs, onun hakk\u0131nda \u015fu \u00f6nemli yarg\u0131da bulundu: “Bir sanat\u00e7\u0131 olarak yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda, burjuva sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinin sosyalist pratikte yenilebilece\u011fini somut olarak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, sosyalist ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck ustas\u0131d\u0131r o… (…) Zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131.”<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l Rus edebiyat\u0131; \u015fiiri, \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, roman\u0131, oyunlar\u0131, edebiyat ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir edebiyatt\u0131r. Pu\u015fkin, Gogol, Turgenyev, \u00c7erni\u015fevski, Dostoyevski, Tolstoy, Saltikov-\u015e\u00e7edrin, \u00c7ehov bu edebiyat\u0131n kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte Gorki, b\u00f6yle bir mirasa devralarak, onu sosyalist bir bilin\u00e7le yo\u011furmu\u015f, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir noktaya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ele\u015ftirmen Moisej Ka\u011fan, Gorki’nin \u00f6nemini, “Gorki’nin kendinden \u00f6nceki \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ustalar\u0131 Lev Tolst\u0131n ve \u00c7ehov’a \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, onlardan daha yetenekli olu\u015fu ya da kapitalizmin ele\u015ftirisinde daha derine inmesi de\u011fil, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n temel toplumsal \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, yani burjuvazi ile proletarya aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 onlardan daha iyi anlamas\u0131yd\u0131.” diyerek a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, bu sosyalist ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i y\u00f6ntem, Gorki’yi d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalar\u0131 aras\u0131na, unutulmaz ve unutturulamaz yazarlar\u0131 aras\u0131na sokmu\u015ftur. O nedenle, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden yetmi\u015f y\u0131l sonra da Gorki. yap\u0131tlar\u0131yla ya\u015famaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin ya\u015fam\u0131: Maksim Gorki, 28 Mart 1868’de Rusya’da, Nijni-Nevgored’da do\u011fdu. Do\u011fdu kente daha sonra Gorki ad\u0131 verildi. As\u0131l ad\u0131, Aleksey Maksi-movi\u00e7 Pe\u015fkov’dur. Marangoz olan babas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131nda kaybedince, dedesinin yan\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Do\u011fru d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6remedi. Bir s\u00fcre sonra, verem hastas\u0131 olan annesi de \u00f6l\u00fcnce, \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131. Boyac\u0131l\u0131ktan, bula\u015f\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, odun k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan liman i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fine, \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131ktan a\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yamakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar her i\u015fe girip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; pek \u00e7ok insan tan\u0131d\u0131. Tezgahtar yamakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, \u015fimendifer bek\u00e7ili\u011fi, kantar memurlu\u011fu, yol i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi bo\u011faz toklu\u011funa yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. H\u0131rs\u0131zlardan kaatillere; fahi\u015felerden delilere; avukatlardan mimarlara; sirk oyuncular\u0131ndan sarho\u015flara kadar \u00fclkenin pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131d\u0131; g\u00f6zlemledi. Bu arada devrimci harekete duydu\u011fu yak\u0131nl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131, \u00c7ar polisi taraf\u0131ndan tutuklanarak, bir ka\u00e7 kez hapse at\u0131ld\u0131. Gezgin i\u015f\u00e7i olarak Rusya’y\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131rken, toplumun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir g\u00f6zlem g\u00fcc\u00fcyle tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettiklerini \u00f6yk\u00fcle\u015ftirdi. 1892 de Rus\u00e7a “Ac\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen “Gorki” takma ad\u0131yla ilk \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc Makar \u00c7ud-ra’y\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. 1898’de “Yaz\u0131lar ve \u00d6yk\u00fcler” kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu kitapta, 1891’den o g\u00fcne kadar yaya olarak gezdi\u011fi Don Kazaklar\u0131’n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri, Ukrayna’y\u0131, Basarabya ve Tuna b\u00f6lgelerini, K\u0131r\u0131m k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, Kaban y\u00f6resini, \u00f6zellikle de yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksul insanlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu arada, Gorki’nin, \u00f6\u011fretmen olmak i\u00e7in Kazan \u00dcniversitesi s\u0131navlar\u0131na girdi\u011fini, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamay\u0131nca da silahla intihara kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msatal\u0131m. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kur\u015fun yaras\u0131, onun daha sonraki y\u0131llarda ci\u011ferlerinden uzun s\u00fcre tedavi g\u00f6rmesine neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc yazar Korolenko ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Gorki’nin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Zaten okuma tutkusu olan Gorki, Korolenko’nun y\u00f6nlendiricili\u011finde, edebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yazar olarak da ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

“K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Burjuvalar” ve “Ayaktak\u0131m\u0131 Aras\u0131nda” adl\u0131 oyunlar\u0131, 1902’de Moskova Sanat Tiyatrosu’nda sergilendi. Hele ikinci oyun, Rusya’da yasaklanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, onu b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tt\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada Peters-burg Bilimler Akademisi, Gorki’yi fahr\u00ee \u00fcyeli\u011fe se\u00e7ti. Ancak \u00c7ar bu san\u0131 geri ald\u0131rd\u0131. A. \u00c7ehov ve Korolenko, bu tutumu protesto etmek i\u00e7in, akademi \u00fcyeli\u011finden istifa ettiler.<\/p>\n

9 Ocak 1905 tarihinde, Petersburgda meydana gelen “Kanl\u0131 Pazar”daki i\u015f\u00e7i katliam\u0131na tan\u0131k olan Gorki, \u00c7arl\u0131k rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 bir bildiri yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Tutuklanan Gorki, d\u00fcnya demokratik kamuoyunun bask\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lenin’le tan\u0131\u015fan Gorki, ondan \u00e7ok etkilendi ve Bol\u015fevik Partisi’ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. Lenin’in de \u0131srar\u0131yla yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, ba\u015fta Amerika olmak \u00fczere, pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi gezdi. 1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Ana” roman\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131lar yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gorki, yedi y\u0131l kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130talya’n\u0131n Kapri adas\u0131ndan, bir genel af \u00fczerine Rusya’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve 1913’te Pravda gazetesinin kurulu\u015funda yer ald\u0131. 1917 Ekim Sosyalit Dev-rimi’ni co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Devrimci m\u00fccadelede etkin g\u00f6revler ald\u0131. \u00d6zellikle yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k ve yazarlar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde \u00f6nder konumundayd\u0131. B\u00fcrokrasideki aksakl\u0131klar\u0131 korkusuzca ele\u015ftirdi. Lenin de iste\u011fiyle, 1921’de, tedavi amac\u0131yla Rusya’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Uzun s\u00fcre Almanya ve \u00c7ekoslavakya’da ya\u015fayarak, yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 yazmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1924’te \u0130talya’ya ge\u00e7erek, Sorrento’ya yerle\u015fti. Burada, \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015finin portresini yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1929’da Rusya’ya d\u00f6nen Gorki, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi gezerek, izlenimlerini “Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ni Gezerken (1929)” adl\u0131 kitapta yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1931’de Rusya’ya kesin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapan Gorki, gazeteler, dergiler, yay\u0131nevleri kurdu, kitaplar yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u00d6te yandan \u00f6yk\u00fc, roman ve oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 yazmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Gazetecilikten hi\u00e7 vazge\u00e7medi.<\/p>\n

Gorki, 1934’te Sovyet Yazarlar Birli\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Bir kongre d\u00fczenleyerek, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinden gelen yazarlar\u0131, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’den de Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu’nun kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kongrede, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konu\u015fma yapan Gorki, ilk kez sanat ve edebiyatta “sosyalist ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik” kavram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya att\u0131.<\/p>\n

Maksim Gorki, devrimci yazarlar\u0131 etkin m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Romail Rolland, Anatole France, Henri Barbusse, Theodor Dreiser, Jack London ve Martin Andersen-Nex\u00f6 ba\u015fta olmaz \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok yazarla yak\u0131n dostluklar kurdu. O, yazar\u0131n ezilenlerden yana a\u00e7\u0131k bir tav\u0131r almas\u0131ndan yanayd\u0131. G. Lukacs Gorki i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: “Emperyalist sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 tutumun ne? Fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 tutumun ne? Onun bir yazara kar\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen temel sorular bunlard\u0131r.” Gorki, bir yazar\u0131n, ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun konular\u0131, ki\u015fileri anlatmas\u0131n\u0131; bunu yaparken de, sosyalist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

18 Haziran 1936’da Moskova’da zat\u00fcrreeden \u00f6len Gorki, 20 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc K\u0131z\u0131l Meydan’a g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. Pek \u00e7ok kente, caddeye, tiyatroya, parka ve k\u00fct\u00fcphaneye ad\u0131 verildi; heykelleri dikildi. B\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131tlar\u0131 otuz cilt olarak Rusya’da yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik dillerine \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin \u00f6yk\u00fcleri: Gorki, ilk \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde, romantik-ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i \u00e7izgide \u00fcr\u00fcnler verdi. Rus halk masallar\u0131ndan, efsanelerinden devrimci bir tarzda yararland\u0131; onlar\u0131 yeni bir yorumla yeniden i\u015fledi. “Dan-ko’nun Y\u00fcre\u011fi”, “Han ve O\u011flu”, “Masal” bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/p>\n

Ataol Behramo\u011flu’nun “Ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f Hik\u00e2yeler” adl\u0131 derlemesinde yer alan “Makar \u00c7udra”, “\u00c7elka\u015f”, “Ko-novalov”, “Bozk\u0131rda”, “Yirmi Alt\u0131 Adam ve Bir K\u0131z” \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, unutulmaz g\u00fczellikte \u00f6yk\u00fclerdir.<\/p>\n

Bir sonbahar gecesi oban\u0131n atlar\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7ingene Makar \u00c7udra, yazara,at h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 gen\u00e7 \u00e7ingene Loyko Zobar ile Danilo’nun k\u0131z\u0131 Radda aras\u0131ndaki a\u015fk\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Bu a\u015fk, korkun\u00e7 bir tradeji ile sonlanacakt\u0131r. Gorki, efsaneyi dinledikten sonra uyuyamaz; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dal\u0131p gider.<\/p>\n

Odesa yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda a\u00e7 karn\u0131na yatan k\u0131rk yedi ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Yemelyan Pilyay, yazarla birlikte i\u015f bulmak \u00fczere, O\u00e7akov’daki tuzlaya gitmeye karar verir. Yolda, Yemelyan Pilyay, yazara, sonu karakolda biten bir olay\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Bu anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, meyhaneci taraf\u0131ndan kovulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7elka\u015f, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir limanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayya\u015f bir h\u0131rs\u0131zd\u0131r. Meyhanede, Gavrila ad\u0131nla bir delikanl\u0131y\u0131 iyice sarho\u015f eden \u00c7elka\u015f, delikanl\u0131 uyuyaka-l\u0131nca, onun ba\u015f\u0131nda bekler. Gecenin karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7elka\u015f ve Gavrila, bir sandalla limana girerler. \u00c7elka\u015f, bir ara Gavrila’y\u0131 yaln\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131r ve neden sonra iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sand\u0131kla geri d\u00f6ner. Devriyeler atlat\u0131larak sand\u0131klar bir mavnaya y\u00fcklenir. Sabahleyin paray\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131rken, iki arkada\u015f anla\u015famaz ve kavga ederler. Ama bu kavga daha sonra ilgin\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde noktalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yol Arkada\u015f\u0131m \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde yazar, geceleyin bir kad\u0131n\u0131n gizlice kantine girerek, ekmek \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olur. Kad\u0131n bir genelevde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Pa\u015fka ad\u0131ndaki “dost”unun kendisini d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konovalov, Gorki’nin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden biridir. F\u0131r\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7isi Konovalov, Gorki’nin y\u0131llar \u00f6nce tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dostudur. Bir g\u00fcn yazar, gazetede Konova-lov’un hapishane h\u00fccresinde kendini asarak, intihar etti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenir.<\/p>\n

Boles \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde, Teresa ad\u0131nda Polonyal\u0131 bir kad\u0131n anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Kad\u0131n, Yegor ad\u0131nda bir \u00f6\u011frenciye, Boles adl\u0131 sevgilisine mektup yazd\u0131r\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 Yegor, ikinci mektubu yazmaz. Kad\u0131n, Boles diye birinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kafas\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir sevgili yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf eder.<\/p>\n

Malva, baba Vasili ile o\u011ful Yakov’u birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir fahi\u015fedir. Baba-o\u011ful, Malva y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kavga ederler; Malva ise Seryojka adl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir adamla ka\u00e7ar gider.<\/p>\n

Bozk\u0131rda \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde, i\u015fsiz g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7 arkada\u015f\u0131n bir bozk\u0131rda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yolculuk anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Geceleyin s\u0131tmadan titreyen bir adamla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Herkes bir yana \u00e7ekilip uyuyakal\u0131r. Sabahleyin uyand\u0131klar\u0131nda, s\u0131rmal\u0131 adam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcs\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Adam\u0131, kendisini “\u00f6\u011frenci” olarak tan\u0131tan, yol arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan biri \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ka\u00e7arken de, adam\u0131n d\u00f6rt y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak biriktirdi\u011fi paray\u0131 \u00e7alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cinayet su\u00e7u, \u00fczerlerine kalmas\u0131n diye, iki arkada\u015f, h\u0131zla o y\u00f6reden uzakla\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu olay\u0131 yazara, hastaheden bir ko\u011fu\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Gorki’nin unutulmaz g\u00fczellikteki \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden biridir bu.<\/p>\n

Yirmi Alt\u0131 Adam ve Bir K\u0131z adl\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fc, Kurpska-ya’n\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, Lenin’in en sevdi\u011fi \u00f6yk\u00fclerden biriymi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bir patronun, d\u00f6rt f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131yla, yirmi alt\u0131 hamur yo\u011furucusunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6rek\u00e7i d\u00fckkan\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu insanlar\u0131n tek sevdikleri varl\u0131k, \u00fcst katta oturan Tanya’d\u0131r. Herkes k\u0131za sonsuz sevgi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Bir g\u00fcn f\u0131r\u0131n \u015fefi olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan asker, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kendisine olan tutkusundan s\u00f6z eder. Yirmi alt\u0131 adam, Tanya’ya o kadar g\u00fcvenirler ki, onun askere y\u00fcz vermeyece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek, iddiaya girerler. Asker, iki haftal\u0131k bir s\u00fcre ister.<\/p>\n

Bir g\u00fcn yirmi alt\u0131 adam, bulabildikleri deliklerden, askeri izlerler. Bir bodrumdan \u00f6nce asker, ard\u0131ndan da Tanya \u00e7\u0131kar. Adamlar Tanya’ya \u00f6fkeyle ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken, Tanya da onlara hakaretler savurup, gururla y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp gider.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin e\u015fsiz g\u00fczellikte bir \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc…<\/p>\n

“Ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f Hikayeler”deki on \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc \u00f6zetlemenin nedin \u015fu: Bu kitap, Gorki’yi tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in, iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kitab\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra, Hasan Ali Ediz’in \u00e7evirdi\u011fi “Soytar\u0131” kitab\u0131ndaki \u00f6yk\u00fcler okunabilir. “Soytar\u0131”, “\u00dcmm\u00dc”, “Bir Cinayet Hikayesi”, bu kitaptaki unutulmaz \u00f6yk\u00fclerden birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca H. A. Ediz’in \u00e7evirdi\u011fi “K\u00f6rlerin T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc” ve “Kalyu\u015fa” \u00f6yk\u00fcleri mutlaka bulunup okunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pelin Atayman’\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle “F\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n Habercisi” adl\u0131 derlemede yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fcler vard\u0131r. “Hapisanede”, “Bukeymof”, hele hele “Strasti-Mordasti” ve “Bir \u0130nsan Do\u011fuyu” \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda, e\u015fine az rastlan\u0131r g\u00fczellikte Gorki \u00f6yk\u00fcleridir. “Strasti-Mordasti” \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Memet Fuat, Yeni Dergi Gorki \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131nda (A\u011fustos-1968\/sy.47) Taci Alaz \u00e7evirisiyle yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra Gorki \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc olarak alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc bir kez okuyan insan, bana g\u00f6re, art\u0131k eski insan de\u011fildir; ba\u015fka biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Emin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7evirisiyle yay\u0131nlanan “\u0130nsanlar\u0131m\u0131z” adl\u0131 kitapta yer alan “\u0130lgin\u00e7 Bir Kaatil”, “Dora” ve “\u0130nsanlar Yanlar\u0131nda Ba\u015fkalar\u0131 Yokken Nas\u0131l Davran\u0131yorlar?” \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, usta i\u015fi Gorki \u00f6yk\u00fcleridir.
Mehmet \u00d6zg\u00fcl’\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle yay\u0131nlanan “Mujik” adl\u0131 kitapta, Gorki’nin uzun \u00f6yk\u00fcleri yer al\u0131yor. Kitaba ad\u0131n\u0131 veren \u00f6yk\u00fcden ba\u015fka, “Varenka Oleseva”, “D\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnler” ve “Bozguncu” adl\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcler, Gorki’nin \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli yer tutar.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin \u0130talya’dayken yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclerden olu\u015fan ve Mehmet Harmanc\u0131’n\u0131n \u00e7evirisiyle yay\u0131nlanan “Hainin Anas\u0131-\u0130talya Hik\u00e2yeleri” adl\u0131 kitapta yer alan \u00f6yk\u00fcler, yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim \u00f6yk\u00fcler d\u00fczeyinde de\u011fil, bence.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u015f\u00f6yle diyebilirim: Gorki, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda, Maupassant ve \u00c7ehov’dan sonra, en usta \u00f6yk\u00fc yazarlar\u0131ndan biridir. Onun \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in, “Yirmi Alt\u0131 Adam ve Bir K\u0131z”, “Bir Cinayet Hik\u00e2yesi”, “K\u00f6rlerin T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc”, “Bir \u0130nsan Do\u011fuyor”, \u00f6zellikle de, “Strasti-Mordasti”, mutlaka okunmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin romanlar\u0131: Gorki, 1899’da t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 ve toplumsal zorluklara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Foma Gordayve”i yazd\u0131 \u00f6nce. Daha sonra “\u00dc\u00e7ler” adl\u0131 roman\u0131n\u0131 yazarak, kent yoksullar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledi. 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00fcnl\u00fc roman\u0131 olan “Ana”da, devrimci bir i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7ocu\u011funu ve o\u011flu tutukland\u0131ktan sonra, onun g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir anneyi anlatt\u0131. 1902 1 May\u0131s g\u00f6sterilerinde Sormovskaya’da ya\u015fanan olaylar ve g\u00f6stericilerin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131, roman\u0131n ana konusunu olu\u015fturuyordu. Al\u0131nan yazar Bertold Brecht, bu roman\u0131 sahneye uyarlad\u0131. \u00dcnl\u00fc Rus y\u00f6netmen Pudovkin de “Ana”y\u0131 sinemaya aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin kendi ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnden hareketle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 roman\u0131, onun, mutlaka okunmas\u0131 gereken kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. “\u00c7ocuklu\u011fum”, “Ekme\u011fimi Kazan\u0131rken” ve “Benim \u00dcniversitelerim” kan\u0131mca, Gorki’nin ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Matvey Kojemyakin” adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda, ta\u015fra ya\u015fam\u0131ndan bir kesit sunan Gorki, devrimin, toplumun en geri kesimlerini bile etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

“Artamanov Ailesi” adl\u0131 roman, bir burjuva ailesinin \u00fc\u00e7 ku\u015fak boyunca ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi evrimi anlat\u0131rken, yazar 1861 reformuyla 1917 Ekim Sosyalist Devrimi aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel d\u00f6neme \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar.<\/p>\n

Gorki, var\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funu ortaya koyarak, sosyalist devrimden \u00f6nceki k\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131 “Klim Samgin’in Hayat\u0131” adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda anlat\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcnceye kadar da bu roman \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n amac\u0131, Samgin ailesini, ideolojisi olan burjuva bireycili\u011fini mahk\u00fbm etmektir. Pek \u00e7ok ele\u015ftirmene g\u00f6re, bu roman, Gorki’nin sanat\u0131nda bir doruk noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mazlum Beyhan, bu romanla ilgili \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmeyi yapar: “Kusursuz epik anlat\u0131m, tarihsellik, her ana, her olaya sinmi\u015f diyalektik, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini a\u00e7\u0131klamadaki derinlik… bu roman\u0131, Gorki, sanat\u0131n\u0131n doruklar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zelliklerdir.”<\/p>\n

Luna\u00e7arski, “Klim Samgin’i “(.a\u011f\u0131n hareketli bir panaromas\u0131” olarak de\u011ferlendirirken, Gy\u00f6rgy Lukacs da bu yap\u0131tta Gorki’nin ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onaylar.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin oyunlar\u0131: Gorki, 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Moskova Sanat Tiyatrosu’nda sahnelenen “K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Burjuvalar” oyununda, bu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n modas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f geleneklerini ele\u015ftirdi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l nisan ay\u0131nda “Ayaktak\u0131m\u0131 Aras\u0131nda” adl\u0131 oyunu sahnelendi ve yer yerinden oynad\u0131. Bir umudun pe\u015finde i\u015fsiz g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz beklemekten yorgun d\u00fc\u015fen yoksul insanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, yaln\u0131zca Satin, m\u00fccadele etme yolunu se\u00e7er. Bu oyun Rusya’da yasaklan\u0131r; ama ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Berlin’de, Paris’te ve Prag’da sahnelenir. Gorki, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir \u00fcne kavu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

Gorki, daha sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyunlarda, bu iki oyunundaki ba\u015far\u0131 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015famaz. 1932’de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 devrim-sonras\u0131 oyunlar\u0131 bir \u00fc\u00e7leme olu\u015fturur: 1) Yegor Boli\u00e7ev ve Di\u011ferleri, 2) Dostigayev ve Di\u011ferleri, 3) Somov ve Di\u011ferleri, Yazar, sonuncu oyunu bitiremez.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn yaz\u0131lar\u0131: Gorki, yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, gazete ve dergilerde denemeler, ele\u015ftiriler, makaleler yazan, gerek g\u00fcncel, gerek akademik siyasetin i\u00e7inde etkin olarak yer alan bir m\u00fccadele adam\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin Seri Hulusi \u00e7evirisiyle, 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcn Yay\u0131nlar\u0131’ndan \u00e7\u0131kan “Halk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc” adl\u0131 bir denemeler se\u00e7kisi var. Birbirinden g\u00fczel yedi denemenin bulundu\u011fu bu kitapta, Gorki’nin devrimci ayd\u0131n karakterini \u00e7ok iyi g\u00f6zlemleyebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n

“K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Burjuvalar” adl\u0131 denemesinde, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvay\u0131 “hasta insan tipi” olarak nitelendirir. Gorki, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme tekniklerini, siyasal tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve baya\u011f\u0131 hale gelmi\u015f cinsellik s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ac\u0131mas\u0131zca ele\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

“Tek Ba\u015f\u0131na Ya\u015fayan Kurt: \u015eerit” adl\u0131 denemede, 1917 Ekim Devrimi’nden sonra, kar\u015f\u0131-devrim saf\u0131na ge\u00e7en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvalara, en a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zlerle sald\u0131r\u0131r; onlar\u0131 emek\u00e7ilerin s\u0131rt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7inen parazitler, asalaklar olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gorki, “A\u015fk, \u00d6l\u00fcm” adl\u0131 denemesinde okuyuculardan gelen mektuplara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verir bir bak\u0131ma. “Ben \u015fu fikirdeyim.” der okuyucular\u0131na: “\u0130nsan boyut bir \u015fekilde felsefe yapmamal\u0131, etraf\u0131na bakarak, etraf\u0131ndaki \u015feyleri g\u00f6zleyerek bunu yapmal\u0131; kitaplara bakarak de\u011fil, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya tecr\u00fcbeden do\u011fan olaylara bakarak yapmal\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek taraf\u0131ndan sunulan bol malzemeleri kullanmal\u0131. “En verimli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, somut ko\u015fullar\u0131n somut \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesine dayanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l da al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir bilgelikle \u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fcyor Gorki…<\/p>\n

“Dar Kafal\u0131 \u0130nsan ve F\u0131kralar” adl\u0131 denemede Gorki, yine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131na ele\u015ftiri oklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neltir. Gorki’nin gazetesine gelen baz\u0131 mektuplarda, okuyucular onu eletilirler. Bu ele\u015ftirileri haks\u0131z ve temelsiz bulan Gorki, kendisini “Haris \u0130htiyar” diye alaya alanlar\u0131n nas\u0131l da s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131, hem de ciddi bir edebiyat ele\u015ftirisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurur. Onlar\u0131, “kalem haydutu” olarak isimlendirir ve \u015fu \u00f6zl\u00fc c\u00fcmleyi yazar: “Ruhu hi\u00e7 sosyaliste benzemedi\u011fi halde, y\u00fcz\u00fc sosyaliste benzeyen insandan daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fey olamaz.”<\/p>\n

“Bir Ayd\u0131na Cevap” adl\u0131 denemede yer alan \u015fu c\u00fcmleler, Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistlerin y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki maskeyi indirmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011freticidir. \u015euras\u0131 muhakkak ki, Avrupa’n\u0131n siyas\u00ee \u015fefleri, genellikle “millet”in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kapitalist gruplar\u0131n menfaatlerine hizmet etmezler, yaln\u0131z birbirlerinin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kapitalist gruplar\u0131n menfaatlerine hizmet ederler. Sosyal tabakalar aras\u0131nda bu esnaf\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k, “milletler” kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir sorumluluk duymam\u0131\u015f, 1914-1918 sava\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi insanlar\u0131n birbirlerini bo\u011fazlamalar\u0131na, insanl\u0131k aleyhinde bir ko\u00e7 korkun\u00e7 cinayetler i\u015flenmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur.”<\/p>\n

Gorki’ye bir mektup g\u00f6nderen Amerikal\u0131 okuyucuya cevap olarak yaz\u0131lan “K\u00fclt\u00fcr Ustalar\u0131, Kimlerle Berabersiniz?” denemesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar, burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131, “kapitalistlerin dad\u0131lar\u0131” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. Okuyucular\u0131n\u0131, emperyalistlerin sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda uyaran Gorki, \u015fu \u00f6nemli saptamay\u0131 yapar: “Evet, \u015furas\u0131 muhakkak ki, d\u00fcnyaya h\u00e2kim olan Avrupa ve Amerika burjuvazisi, her y\u0131l daha cahil, zek\u00e2ca daha d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn, daha vah\u015f\u00ee hale gelmektedir.”<\/p>\n

Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6remeyen ve saf\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken, emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n pe\u015finden gitmek yerine, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin yan\u0131nda yer alan burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131na “Rus Devrim tarihinin ne ac\u0131 bir ibret dersi verdi\u011fine” dikkat \u00e7eken Gorki, \u015fu kesin ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z yarg\u0131da bulunur: “… arkalar\u0131nda, ‘Bunlar birer haindi!’ diye korkun\u00e7 birer hat\u0131ra b\u0131rakacaklard\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

Gorki, kitab\u0131n son denemesi olan “\u0130ki K\u00fclt\u00fcr” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, fa\u015fizmi, “burjuva k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kanserli bir \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fi” olarak nitelendirir. Bu ideolojiyi savunanlar\u0131n ve uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n burjuva \u00e7evrelerden yeti\u015fmi\u015f bir tak\u0131m macera d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnleri oldu\u011funu belirtir. Gorki, fa\u015fist ideolojinin, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden payla\u015fmak amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcden emperyalist efendilerin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc doyurmak amac\u0131yla ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eker. En \u00f6nemlisi, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden hemen \u00f6nce, Avrupa \u00fczerinde, kapkara sava\u015f bulutlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyen Gorki, gazete okuyucular\u0131n\u0131, yakla\u015fan tehlike konusunda \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle uyar\u0131r: “\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki bu sava\u015f, 1914-1918 sava\u015f\u0131ndan daha y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve daha \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olacakt\u0131r.” Ger\u00e7ekten de Gorki’nin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve 1939-1945, 11. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda milyonlarca insan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, bir o kadar insan sakat kalm\u0131\u015f, insanl\u0131k, en vah\u015fi silahlar\u0131n bu sava\u015fta hangi y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Gorki, bu denemesinde “h\u00fcmanizma” kavram\u0131na, her soyut kavram\u0131 ele al\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u0131n\u0131fsal a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015f\u0131r; burjuva h\u00fcmanizmi ile i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 h\u00fcmanizmini birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r. Burjuvazinin sahte h\u00fcmanizmine kar\u015f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k, d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve samimi h\u00fcmanizmini savunur.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131lardan ba\u015fka, 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni D\u00fcnya Yay\u0131nlar\u0131’ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6nemli bir kitap var: “Sanatta Sosyalist Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik”. Se\u00e7kin C\u0131l\u0131zo\u011flu \u00e7evirisiyle yay\u0131nlanan bu kitapta \u00e7e\u015fitli yazarlardan al\u0131nma deneme ve makaleler yer al\u0131yor. Bu kitapla Gorki’nin otuz sayfal\u0131k sanat, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik, sosyalizm, edebiyat vb. konularda de\u011finen \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor. Gor-ki’yi anlamak i\u00e7in mutlaka okunmal\u0131…<\/p>\n

1968’de Ararat Yay\u0131nevi’nden Zeyyat \u00d6zalpsan \u00e7evirisiyle \u00e7\u0131kan “Mektuplar” adl\u0131 kitap, Gorki’yi tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in iyi bir f\u0131rsat, Gorki’nin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir mektup koleksiyonu var. K. Fedin’in belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, Gorki, yaln\u0131zca Sovyetler Birli\u011fi yazarlar\u0131ndan on \u00fc\u00e7 bin mektup alm\u0131\u015f. De\u011fi\u015fik ki\u015filere de yirmi bin kadar mektup yazm\u0131\u015f. \u0130\u015fte bu kitapta, Tolstoy’dan \u00c7ehov’a, Romain Rolland’dan V. \u0130. Lenin’e. Upten Sinelair’dan Stefan Zvveig’a, Knut Hamsun’dan B. Pasternak’a kadar \u00f6nemli ki\u015filere Gorki taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir demet mektubu okurken, onun \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici, ele\u015ftirmen, arkada\u015f yanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f en \u00f6nemli kitaplar\u0131ndan biri de, “Edebiyat Ya\u015fam\u0131m” adl\u0131 kitapt\u0131r. \u015eemsa Ye\u011fin \u00e7evirisiyle Kas\u0131m I978’de Payel Yay\u0131ne-vi’nden \u00e7\u0131kan bu kitapta Edebiyat Ya\u015fam\u0131m, Edebiyat \u00dczerine Yaz\u0131lar, Yaz\u0131nsal Portreler, Edebiyat \u00dczerine Mektuplar adl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler var. Ol\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir kitapt\u0131r bu. Tam bir el kitab\u0131…<\/p>\n

Gorki’nin Tolstoy, \u00c7ehov, Yesenin \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 portreler, onun ne kadar usta bir g\u00f6zlemci ve anlat\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir. Lenin ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Ko-rolenko, Mihailovski, Skordsov vb. pek \u00e7ok dostu i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 portre yaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. R. Garaudy’nin “K\u0131y\u0131\u015f\u0131z Bir Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik \u00dczerine” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Kaf-ka’n\u0131n, Gorki’nin portreler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine s\u00f6yledikleri hayli ilgimi \u00e7ekti: “Gorki’nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yarg\u0131 katmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir insan\u0131n karakterinin izlerini \u00e7izi\u015fini g\u00f6rmek, heyecanland\u0131r\u0131yor insan\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn onun, Lenin hakk\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu notlar\u0131 okumak isterdim.”<\/p>\n

“Edebiyat Ya\u015fam\u0131m” adl\u0131 kitapta, “Sovyet Edebiyat\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Bu yaz\u0131, Gorki’nin 17 A\u011fustos 19347’te, I. Kongre’de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fma metnidir. Sosyalist ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik kavram\u0131n\u0131n ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tarihsel konu\u015fma, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kongreye T\u00fcrkiye’den de Yakup Kadri Karaosmano\u011flu kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Frans\u0131zca olarak bir tebli\u011f sunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bundan ba\u015fka, “Tolstoy’dan An\u0131lar”, “\u00c7ehov’la Yaz\u0131\u015fmalar” adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 da bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde anmadan ge\u00e7mek olmaz.<\/p>\n

Gorki hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli kaynaklar: Gorki hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak isteyenlerin. Konstartin Fe-din’in “Gorki Aram\u0131zda”; Nina Goorfinkel’in “Gorki”; Henri Troyat’\u0131n “Gorki” kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle okumalar\u0131 gerekir. B\u00f6yle bir okuma, Gorki’yi tan\u0131mak i\u00e7ni iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olur.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, Dijital-K\u00fclt\u00fcr taraf\u0131ndan VCD olarak yay\u0131mlanan “Gorki” belgeseli hayli ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Bu yay\u0131nevi, belgesele ek olarak, Gorki’nin “Ana” roman\u0131ndan Pudovkin’in sinema uyarlamas\u0131n\u0131 da yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131n, ya\u015fam\u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnden kaynaklanan \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fc de Mark Donsky sinemaya uyarlam\u0131\u015f, bu VCD’ler de “\u00c7ocuklu\u011fum”, “Ekme\u011fimi Kazan\u0131rken”, “Benim \u00dcniversitelerim” adlar\u0131yla Dijital-K\u00fclt\u00fcr yay\u0131n\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hasan \u00c2li Ediz’in 8 May\u0131s 1968de May dergisinde Gorki’nin y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc do\u011fum y\u0131l\u0131 nedeniyle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Maksim Gorki \u00dczerine” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131, \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011freticidir.<\/p>\n

Ataol Behramo\u011flu’nun “Ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f Hik\u00e2yeler”in \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc olarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 1970 tarihli “Maksim Gorki” yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemli bilgiler veren bir yaz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mazlum Beyhan’\u0131n, Mehmet \u00d6zg\u00fcl \u00e7evirisi “Mujik” kitab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan “Maksim Gorki” yaz\u0131s\u0131, Moskova’da yay\u0131nlanan “K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Edebiyat Ansiklopedisinden de yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir kaynakt\u0131r.
Veysel Atayman’\u0131n Mart-2005’te yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Pelin Atayman’\u0131n \u00e7evirisiyle yay\u0131nlanan “F\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n Habercisi” adl\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcler derlemesinin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu burada belirtmek gerekir. Veysel Atayman’\u0131n, Esat Nermi Erender’un \u00e7evirdi\u011fi “Matvey Kojemya-kin”e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 giri\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu belirtmek isterim.<\/p>\n

N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet’in Gorki hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri: N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet’in \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan Aziz \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkar’\u0131n derledi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir kitap var. Bence her devrimci ayd\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fucunda durmas\u0131 gereken br kitap bu: “N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet-Sanat ve Edebiyat \u00dcst\u00fcne”. Kitab\u0131n 197, 198 ve 199. sayfalar\u0131 N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet’in Gorki’yle ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ben \u00f6nemli buldu\u011fum \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu yaz\u0131ya alaca\u011f\u0131m. Birincisi, “Cezaevinden Memet Fuat’a Mektuplar”dan:<\/p>\n

“1. Gorki’yi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6teki sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n romanc\u0131 ve hikayecilerden ayr\u0131na \u015fey, insanlara, sadece pasif bir m\u00fc\u015fahit olarak de\u011fil, objektif bir realist olarak de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda seven, inanan, \u00fcmitli bir \\ \u00fcrek, faal aktif bir m\u00fcedalee hayat\u0131yla da yakla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Zaten realizmi derece derece bu bak\u0131mdan ay\u0131rmak kabildir. Zola’nin realizmi bu bak\u0131mdan Balzac’\u0131n realizmine g\u00f6re bir ad\u0131m daha ileri, Gorki’nin Tolstoy’unkine g\u00f6re y\u00fcz ad\u0131m daha ileridir.”<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci al\u0131nt\u0131m, “Kemal Tahir’e Mapusaneden Mektuplar” adl\u0131 kitaptan: “Yaln\u0131z Nurullah Ata\u00e7’\u0131n Gorki i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylediklerini asla kabul etmiyorum. Bil\u00e2kis, Gorki insanlar ya\u015fad\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairidir.”<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son al\u0131nt\u0131m, Ekber Babayev’in derledi\u011fi “B\u00fct\u00fcn Eserler”in 8. cildinden: “… Do\u011frusunu isterseniz, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn gerici kuvvetlerin, bar\u0131\u015f ve milli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n, fa\u015fistlerin ve her \u00e7e\u015fit yalanc\u0131, d\u00fczmece demokratlar\u0131n en korktuklar\u0131 yaz\u0131c\u0131lardan biri de Gorki’dir.”<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7: B\u00fcy\u00fck yazar Maksim Gorki, sosyalist ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i y\u00f6ntemiyle yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcler, romanlar, oyunlar, denemeler, makalelerle \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden yetmi\u015f y\u0131l sonra da ya\u015famaya devam ediyor, ya\u015famaya devam edecek.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/p>\n

a) Gorki’nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f belli ba\u015fl\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131:<\/p>\n

1. Maksim Gorki (Ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f Hik\u00e2yeler, \u00c7ev: Ataol Behramo\u011flu, 1975, Cem Yay.)
2. Maksim Gorki (Soytar\u0131, \u00c7ev: Hasan Ali Ediz, 3. Bas\u0131m, 2000, Engin Yay.)
3. Gorki (F\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n Habercisi, \u00c7ev: Pelin Atay-man, 2005, Bordo-Siyah Yay.)
4. Maksim Gorki (Mujik, \u00c7ev: Mehmet \u00d6zg\u00fcl, 2004, Evrensel Yay.)
5. Gorki (\u0130nsanlar\u0131m\u0131z, \u00c7ev: Mehmet Emin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, 1977, Oda Yay.)
6. Gorki (Hainin Anas\u0131-\u0130talya Hik\u00e2yeleri, \u00c7ev: Mehmet Harmanc\u0131, 1970 K\u00f6pr\u00fc)
7. Gorki (Danko’nun Y\u00fcre\u011fi, \u00c7ev: \u0130hmal Amca, 1977, Cem-Arkada\u015f Kitaplar)
8. Maksim Gorki (Foma, \u00c7ev: Attil\u00e2 Tokatl\u0131, 1970, Bilgi Yay.)
9. Maksim Gorki (\u00dc\u00e7ler, \u00c7ev: Metin \u0130lkin, Oda Yay.)
10. Gorki (Ana, \u00c7ev: Zaven Biberyan, 3. Bas\u0131m, 1977, Oda Yay.)
11. Gorki (Matvey Kojemyakin, \u00c7ev: Esat Nermi Erender, 2005, Bordo-Siyah)
12. Gorki (\u00c7ocuklu\u011fum, \u00c7ev: Nihal Yalaza Taluy, 2. Bas\u0131m, 1973, Remzi Yay.)
13. Gorki (Ekme\u011fimi Kazan\u0131rken, \u00e7ev: Hasan Ali Ediz, Engin Yay.)
14. Gorki (Benim \u00dcniversitelerim, \u00c7ev: Hasan Ali Ediz, Engin Yay.)
15. Maksim Gorki (Artamonov Ailesi, \u00c7ev: \u015eemsa Ye\u011fin, 2000, Pay el Yay.)
16. Maksim Gorki (Klim Samgin’in Hayat\u0131, \u00c7ev: Naime Y\u0131lmaer, 1975, Cem Yay.)
17. Gorki (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Burjuvalar\/Yeger Beli\u00e7ev ve Di\u011ferleri, \u00c7ev: Koray Karasulu, Mitop-Boyut Yay.)
18. Gorki (Ayaktak\u0131m\u0131 Aras\u0131nda (Dipte)\/Dostiga-yev ve Di\u011ferleri, \u00c7ev: Koray Karasulu, 2004, Mitos-Boyut Yay.)
19. M. Gorki (Halk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00c7ev: \u015eerif Hulusi, 1968, G\u00fcn Yay.(
20. M. Gorki (Edebiyat Ya\u015fam\u0131m, \u00c7ev: \u015eemsa Ye\u011fin, 1978, Payel Yay.)
21. M. Gorki (Mektuplar, \u00e7ev: Zeyyat \u00d6zalpsan, 1968, Ararat Yay.)
22. M. Gorki (Tolstoy’dan An\u0131lar, \u00c7ev: Ak\u015fit G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk, 1967, Bilgi Yay.)
23. M. Gorki (Anton \u00c7ehov’la Yaz\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00c7ev: Z\u00fchre \u0130lkgelen, 1966, Yank\u0131 Yay.)
24. M. Gorki vd. (Sanatta \u00bbyalist Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik. \u00c7ev: Se\u00e7kin C\u0131l\u0131zo\u011flu, 1976, Yeni D\u00fcnya Yay.)
25. M. Gorki (Sosiyaklar, \u00c7ev: Metin \u0130lkin, 1997, Berfin Yay.)
26. Pudovkin (Ana, Gorki d n uyarlama, VCD, Dijital-k\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay.)
27. Mark Donsky (\u00c7ocuklu;:um, Gorki’den uyarlama, VCD, Dijital-K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yi
28. Mark Donsky (Ekme\u011fimi Kazan\u0131rken, Gorki’den uyarlama, VCD, Digital-K iilt\u00fcr)
29. Mark Donsky (Benim \u00dcniversitelerim, Gorki’den uyarlama. VCD, Dijital K\u00fclt\u00fcr)<\/p>\n

b) Gorki hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynaklar:<\/p>\n

1. M. Gorki (Edebiyat\u0131n Ustalar\u0131, \u00c7ev: Durmu\u015f Akbulut. Dijital-K\u00fclt\u00fcr VCD)
2. Konstantin Fedin (Gorki Aram\u0131zda, \u00c7ev: H\u00fcseyin Portakal, 2. bas\u0131m, 1998, Kavram Yay.)
3. Nina Goorfinkel (Gorki. \u00c7ev: H\u00fcseyin Portakal, 1992, Kaynak Yay.)
4. Henri Troyat (Gorki, ( v: \u00d6zden Ar\u0131kan, 1991, Telos Yay.)
5. V.\u0130. Lenin (Sanat ve Edebiyat, Haz: Jean Fre-ville, \u00c7ev: \u015eerif Hulusi, 1968, Payel Yay.)
6. N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet (Sanat ve Edebiyat \u00dcst\u00fcne, Haz: Aziz \u00c7al\u0131\u015flar, Evrensel Ya
7. Gorki \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131 (Hz. M e met Fuat, Yeni Dergi, A\u011fustos 1968, say\u0131: 47)
8. T\u00fcrker Acaro\u011flu (En \u00dcnl\u00fc D\u00fcnya Yazarlar\u0131, 1988, Kaya Yay.)
9. Ahmet Cemal vd. (\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f D\u00fcnya Edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Ansiklopedisi, Milliyet Yay.)
10. Aziz \u00c7al\u0131\u015flar (Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i Tiyatro S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc. 1975, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay.)
11. Cevdet Kudret (Bat\u0131 edebiyat\u0131ndan Se\u00e7me Par\u00e7alar, \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p ve Aka Yay.)
12. Emin Ozdemir (T\u00fcrk v\u0131 D\u00fcnya Edebiyat\u0131, Haccettepe \u00dcniversitesi Yay.)
13. Konur Ertop (Benden S\u00f6ylemesi, Cumhuriyet Kitap Yay.)
14. Tekil Teksoy (Sinema Tarihi. 2005, O\u011flak Yay.)
15. Seyit Kemal Karaalio\u011flu (Edebiyat Ak\u0131mlar\u0131, 3. bas\u0131m, 1980, \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2p ve Aka Yay.)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaln\u0131zca Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olan Maksim Gorki, bundan yetmi\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 18 Haziran 1936’da Moskova’da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Macar ele\u015ftirmen Gy\u00f6rgy Lukacs, Gorki’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Kurtar\u0131c\u0131” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131na: “\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc.” c\u00fcmlesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihte Gorki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131yd\u0131. Pekiyi, yetmi\u015f y\u0131l sonra Gorki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4218","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kuram"},"yoast_head":"\nYaln\u0131zca Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olan Maksim Gorki - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/02\/15\/yalnizca-rus-edebiyatinin-degil-dunya-edebiyatinin-da-en-buyuk-yazarlarindan-biri-olan-maksim-gorki\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yaln\u0131zca Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olan Maksim Gorki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yaln\u0131zca Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazarlar\u0131ndan biri olan Maksim Gorki, bundan yetmi\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 18 Haziran 1936’da Moskova’da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Macar ele\u015ftirmen Gy\u00f6rgy Lukacs, Gorki’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Kurtar\u0131c\u0131” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131na: “\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc.” c\u00fcmlesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihte Gorki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131yd\u0131. 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Macar ele\u015ftirmen Gy\u00f6rgy Lukacs, Gorki’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Kurtar\u0131c\u0131” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131na: “\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc.” c\u00fcmlesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihte Gorki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar\u0131yd\u0131. 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