{"id":4307,"date":"2010-03-04T11:30:28","date_gmt":"2010-03-04T08:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/03\/04\/is-isteyin-eger-is-vermezlerse-ekmek-isteyin-eger-ekmek-vermezlerse-ekmeginizi-alin-egoldman\/"},"modified":"2010-03-04T11:30:28","modified_gmt":"2010-03-04T08:30:28","slug":"is-isteyin-eger-is-vermezlerse-ekmek-isteyin-eger-ekmek-vermezlerse-ekmeginizi-alin-egoldman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/04\/is-isteyin-eger-is-vermezlerse-ekmek-isteyin-eger-ekmek-vermezlerse-ekmeginizi-alin-egoldman\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015f isteyin. E\u011fer i\u015f vermezlerse, ekmek isteyin. E\u011fer ekmek vermezlerse, ekme\u011finizi al\u0131n | E.Goldman"},"content":{"rendered":"

Emma Goldman 27 Haziran 1869’da Litvanya’da bir Yahudi gettosunda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir han i\u015fletti\u011fi Popelan k\u00f6y\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Emma Goldman on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ailesiyle St. Petersburg’un Yahudi mahallesine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Burada alt\u0131 ay okula gittikten sonra, ailesi taraf\u0131ndan okuldan al\u0131nd\u0131 ve bir fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Babas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken zorla evlendirmeye kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Emma Goldman, evlenmeyi reddetti ve Amerika’ya giderek orada ya\u015fayan \u00fcvey karde\u015finin yan\u0131na yerle\u015fti. Amerika’ya gider gitmez, Do\u011fu Avrupa’dan gelen di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7menler gibi bir tekstil fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015fe girdi.<\/p>\n

17 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 Emma Goldman’\u0131 anar\u015fizme y\u00f6nelten, 4 May\u0131s 1886’da Chicago’daki Haymarket Meydan\u0131’nda anar\u015fistler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen bir mitingde bir polis grubunun i\u00e7ine bomba at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan be\u015f anar\u015fistin tutuklanmas\u0131 ve “anar\u015fist olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in” d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn idam edilmesi, birininse idam\u0131ndan hemen \u00f6nce kendi hayat\u0131na son vermesi oldu. Bu olaylar sadece bir ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n vicdan\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmekle kalmad\u0131; Emma Goldman’\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irmesine de yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Emma Goldman Chicagolu anar\u015fistlerin idam g\u00fcn\u00fc devrimci olmaya ve idam edilen anar\u015fistlerin ideallerini ya\u015fatmaya karar verdi.20 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken New York’a ta\u015f\u0131nan Emma Goldman orada Almanca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan anar\u015fist dergi Freiheit’\u0131n edit\u00f6r\u00fc Johann Most ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden etkilendi. Bir s\u00fcre sonra anar\u015fizm konusunda konferanslar vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n

Emma Goldman yolda\u015f\u0131 Alexander Berkman ile birlikte 1892 Homestead \u00e7elik grevi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, fabrikadan att\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yerine 300 grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 almaya niyetlenen fabrika m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Henry Clay Frick’i \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi planlad\u0131. Silah sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in gerekli paray\u0131 kazanmak amac\u0131yla on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc caddede fahi\u015felik yapmaya karar verdiyse de bunu asla yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131 ve sonunda k\u0131z karde\u015finden bor\u00e7 ald\u0131. <\/p>\n

Alexander Berkman, planlad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi Frick’in b\u00fcrosuna girdi ve fabrika m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc vurdu. Frick a\u011f\u0131r yaraland\u0131 ve Berkman bu eylemin ard\u0131ndan 14 y\u0131l hapiste kald\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkemede suikast giri\u015fimini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ve savunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Emma Goldman’\u0131nsa konferanslar\u0131 bu olaydan sonra s\u0131k s\u0131k engellendi.<\/p>\n

Emma Goldman 1893’te i\u015fsizleri “zor kullanarak” ekmek almaya te\u015fvik etti\u011fi iddias\u0131yla tutukland\u0131 ve Blackwell Adas\u0131’ndaki hapishanede bir y\u0131l tutuklu kald\u0131. Hapishaneden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7oktan iktidarlar\u0131n korkulu r\u00fcyas\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. <\/p>\n

1901’de Gen\u00e7 Polonyal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men Czolgosz Ba\u015fkan McKinley’i \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, onu Emma Goldman’\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi. Emma Goldman Czolgosz’u tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 reddetse de gen\u00e7 suikast\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n eylemini savundu. Bu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan anar\u015fistlere yap\u0131lan bask\u0131lar nedeniyle bir s\u00fcre saklanmak zorunda kald\u0131. <\/p>\n

1907’de Berkman ile birlikte ayl\u0131k Mother Earth’\u0131 (Toprak Ana) \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Derginin sayfalar\u0131nda sadece anar\u015fist fikirler tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor, Ibsen, Thoreau, Nietzsche ve Wilde gibi yazarlar Amerikal\u0131lara tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n

1910’da Anar\u015fizm ve Di\u011fer Denemeler adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nlan\u0131nca, bir konferans turu d\u00fczenledi ve 37 kentte 120 konu\u015fma yaparak 25 bin ki\u015fiye hitap etti. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesine estetik bir boyut kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc drama ile ilgili konferanslar\u0131 da 1914’te Modern Draman\u0131n Toplumsal Anlam\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131. <\/p>\n

Do\u011fum kontrol\u00fcyle ilgili yay\u0131n da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ikinci kez hapse at\u0131ld\u0131; fakat hayat\u0131 boyunca alt\u0131 kez hapse at\u0131lan Emma Goldman en uzun cezay\u0131 Askerlik Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Liga’n\u0131n kurulu\u015f faaliyetlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f d\u00fczenledi\u011fi i\u00e7in ald\u0131. Berkman ile birlikte 1917’de zorunlu askerli\u011fi engellemek i\u00e7in komplo kurmaktan tutukland\u0131 ve 2 y\u0131la mahkum edildi. Bunun ard\u0131ndan Amerikan vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1919’da Rusya’ya iade edildi. <\/p>\n

Rusya’da \u00f6nceleri Marksist merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fe ve devlet\u00e7ili\u011fe duydu\u011fu tepkiyi devrim u\u011fruna bast\u0131rd\u0131 ve Bol\u015feviklerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde serbest konu\u015fman\u0131n engellenmesi ve Kom\u00fcnist Parti \u00fcyelerinin yararland\u0131klar\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. Devrim ar\u015fivleri i\u00e7in belge toplamak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkeyi dola\u015ft\u0131 ve artan b\u00fcrokrasi, siyasi bask\u0131lar ve zorunlu emek kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda deh\u015fete kap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mart 1921’de ayaklanan Kron\u015ftadl\u0131 denizcilerin Tro\u00e7ki ve K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu taraf\u0131ndan katledilmesi hem Emma Goldman hem de Alexander Berkman i\u00e7in bir kopu\u015f noktas\u0131 oldu. Goldman ve Berkman Rusya’da kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n anlams\u0131z oldu\u011funa karar verdiler ve Aral\u0131k 1921’de Avrupa’ya gittiler. <\/p>\n

Goldman, Rusya’da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iki y\u0131l\u0131 Rusya’da D\u00fc\u015f K\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131m (1923) ve Rusya’daki Daha da B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fc\u015f K\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131m (1924) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 iki kitapta anlatt\u0131. <\/p>\n

Rusya’dan ayr\u0131lan Goldman ve Berkman’\u0131n Amerika’ya d\u00f6nmelerine izin verilmedi. Berkman Fransa’ya, Goldman ise \u0130ngiltere’ye yerle\u015fti. Burada kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Bol\u015fevikleri ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in tepki g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 1925’te Welshli ya\u015fl\u0131 bir maden i\u015f\u00e7isi s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilebilece\u011fini i\u015fitti\u011fi Goldman’a anla\u015fma evlili\u011fi teklif etti. Bu sayede Goldman pasaport \u00e7\u0131kartarak Fransa ve Kanada seyahatine \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. 1931’de iki ciltlik Hayat\u0131m\u0131 Ya\u015farken isimli otobiyografisini yazd\u0131. 1934’te Birle\u015fik Devletler’de bir konferans turu yapmas\u0131na izin verildi. <\/p>\n

\u0130berya Devrimi, Emma Goldman’\u0131n anar\u015fizm m\u00fccadelesiyle dolu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck deneyim oldu. Berkman’\u0131n intihar etmesi ve fa\u015fizmin y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle sars\u0131lan Goldman, 1936’da, 67 ya\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in Barcelona’ya gitti. CNT-FAI ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131; b\u00fcltenlerinin \u0130ngilizce bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n davas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiltere’de savunma g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlendi. <\/p>\n

Goldman, CNT-FAI’li anar\u015fistlerin 1937’de koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131, giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenen kom\u00fcnistlere sava\u015f faaliyetinin daha iyi y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in taviz vermelerini onaylamad\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n anar\u015fist harekete zarar verece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Franco’nun zaferi ve fa\u015fizmin b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa’ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda derin bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye kap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Goldman anar\u015fist ilkelerinden taviz vermeyi reddetti.
1940’ta Kanada’n\u0131n Toronto kentinde fel\u00e7 ge\u00e7iren Emma Goldman bundan \u00fc\u00e7 ay sonra, 14 May\u0131s 1940’ta hayata veda etti. Bedeni ,Haymarket olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan idam edilen ve ona ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olan anar\u015fistlerin mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131nda savunucusu olan Goldman, cinsiyetler aras\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011fin giderilmesi gerekti\u011fini ve bunu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ba\u015farabilece\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“\u0130lk olarak, kendilerini bir seks metas\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, ki\u015filik sahibi bireyler olarak de\u011ferlendirerek, ikincisi, kendi bedeni \u00fcst\u00fcnde kimsenin hak iddia etmesini kabul etmeyerek; Tanr\u0131, devlet, toplum, koca, aile vb.’nin hizmetkar\u0131 olmay\u0131 reddederek; kendi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 daha basit, ancak daha derin ve zengin yaparak. Yani, t\u00fcm karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131yla ya\u015fam\u0131n anlam\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fini kavramay\u0131 deneyerek, kendini kamusal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ve kamusal k\u0131nam\u0131n\u0131n (d\u0131\u015flaman\u0131n) korkusundan kurtararak. Kad\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7im sand\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fil, ancak anar\u015fist devrim \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirecektir; (anar\u015fist devrim) onu D\u00fcnya’da daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir g\u00fc\u00e7, \u00f6zg\u00fcr erkekler ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kutsal ate\u015ften bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline getirecektir”.<\/em> diyerek de kad\u0131nlara \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tutkuyla dans etti\u011finde onu ele\u015ftirmekte olan yolda\u015flar\u0131na da Emma Goldman \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verir:dans edemeyeceksem, devriminiz sizin olsun!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emma Goldman 27 Haziran 1869’da Litvanya’da bir Yahudi gettosunda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir han i\u015fletti\u011fi Popelan k\u00f6y\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Emma Goldman on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ailesiyle St. Petersburg’un Yahudi mahallesine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Burada alt\u0131 ay okula gittikten sonra, ailesi taraf\u0131ndan okuldan al\u0131nd\u0131 ve bir fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Babas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken zorla […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4307","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kadin-a-dair"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130\u015f isteyin. E\u011fer i\u015f vermezlerse, ekmek isteyin. E\u011fer ekmek vermezlerse, ekme\u011finizi al\u0131n | E.Goldman - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/04\/is-isteyin-eger-is-vermezlerse-ekmek-isteyin-eger-ekmek-vermezlerse-ekmeginizi-alin-egoldman\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130\u015f isteyin. E\u011fer i\u015f vermezlerse, ekmek isteyin. E\u011fer ekmek vermezlerse, ekme\u011finizi al\u0131n | E.Goldman\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emma Goldman 27 Haziran 1869’da Litvanya’da bir Yahudi gettosunda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir han i\u015fletti\u011fi Popelan k\u00f6y\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Emma Goldman on \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ailesiyle St. Petersburg’un Yahudi mahallesine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Burada alt\u0131 ay okula gittikten sonra, ailesi taraf\u0131ndan okuldan al\u0131nd\u0131 ve bir fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Babas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndayken zorla […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/04\/is-isteyin-eger-is-vermezlerse-ekmek-isteyin-eger-ekmek-vermezlerse-ekmeginizi-alin-egoldman\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"narteks.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-03-04T08:30:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/23\/Portrait_Emma_Goldman.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/04\/is-isteyin-eger-is-vermezlerse-ekmek-isteyin-eger-ekmek-vermezlerse-ekmeginizi-alin-egoldman\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/03\/04\/is-isteyin-eger-is-vermezlerse-ekmek-isteyin-eger-ekmek-vermezlerse-ekmeginizi-alin-egoldman\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\"},\"headline\":\"\u0130\u015f isteyin. 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