![](\"http:\/\/www.ntv-msnbc.com\/modules\/slideshow\/VeInsan20061128\/images\/02.jpg\")
\u0130srail ve Filistinliler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele d\u00fcnyada en uzun s\u00fcren ve patlamaya en yatk\u0131n anla\u015fmazl\u0131klardan birinden kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\u0130srail ve Filistinliler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele d\u00fcnyada en uzun s\u00fcren ve patlamaya en yatk\u0131n anla\u015fmazl\u0131klardan birinden kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6keni, Akdeniz sahiliyle \u015eeria Nehri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede hak iddias\u0131na dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Son 100 y\u0131l Filistinlilere s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, askeri i\u015fgal ve onu izleyen kendi kaderini tayin etme hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi getirdi. Kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve ac\u0131lar\u0131na sebep olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri bir ulusla bir arada ya\u015fama yolundaki zorlu aray\u0131\u015f da cabas\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail’in Yahudileri i\u00e7in ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131nda y\u00fczy\u0131llar s\u00fcren zul\u00fcm ard\u0131ndan atalar\u0131n\u0131n topraklar\u0131na geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f, bar\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenlik getirmedi. Kom\u015fular\u0131yla pek \u00e7ok kez b\u00f6lgesel sava\u015flar ya\u015fad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
1897 – Birinci Siyonizm Kongresi<\/strong><\/p>\n Birinci Siyonizm Kongresi \u0130svi\u00e7re’nin Basel \u015fehrinde topland\u0131. 1896’da gazeteci Theodor Herzl, ”Der Judenstaat” yani Yahudi Devleti adl\u0131 bir kitap yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve kongrede bu kitaptaki fikirler tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Herzl, Viyana’da ya\u015fayan bir Yahudi’ydi. Yahudiler’in kendi devletini kurmas\u0131n\u0131 savunuyordu. Ve \u00f6zellikle Avrupa’daki Yahudi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bu fikri geli\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Kongrenin sonunda, Basel Program\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu belgede, Filistin’de bir Yahudi vatan\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya Siyonizm Te\u015fkilat\u0131’n\u0131n bu amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in faaliyete ge\u00e7irilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n 1897’den \u00f6nce, \u00e7ok az say\u0131da Siyonist g\u00f6\u00e7men zaten b\u00f6lgeye gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1903’e kadar, bunlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 25 bine ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu da Do\u011fu Avrupa’dan gelmi\u015fti. B\u00f6lgenin yar\u0131m milyona yak\u0131n Arap sakiniyle birlikte ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. O zamanlar Filistin, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. 1904 ila 1914 aras\u0131nda 40 bin ki\u015filik bir ikinci g\u00f6\u00e7men dalgas\u0131 geldi.<\/p>\n 1917 – Dengeler de\u011fi\u015firken<\/strong><\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da Filistin ve \u00e7evresi Osmanl\u0131 idaresindeydi. \u0130ngiltere’nin destekledi\u011fi Arap g\u00fc\u00e7leri Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetine son verene kadar da bu durum s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda, 1918’de b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n 25 Nisan 1920’de al\u0131nan Milletler Cemiyeti karar\u0131yla, \u0130ngiltere’ye, b\u00f6lgenin manda idaresi i\u00e7in yetki verildi.<\/p>\n Bu de\u011fi\u015fim d\u00f6neminde \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00f6z verildi.<\/p>\n 1916’da M\u0131s\u0131r’daki \u0130ngiliz idarecisi Sir Henry McMahon, Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Arap illerinde Araplara ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Bununla beraber galip devletler Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda gizlice imzalanan Sykes-Picot Antla\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgeyi bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcyor, Filistin’de ise uluslararas\u0131 idare kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n 1917’de, \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Arthur Balfour, Filistin’de Yahudi halklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir vatan kurulmas\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi. Bu vaat, Siyonistlerin \u00f6nderlerinden Lord Rothschild’e g\u00f6nderilen mektupta yer al\u0131yordu. Bu mektup Balfour Deklarasyonu olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. | Yukar\u0131 \u0130ngiltere mandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Filistin’e Siyonist proje kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fczbinlerce Yahudi g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Bu da Arap topluluklarda \u00f6fkeye, isyana yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n 1922’de \u0130ngiltere’nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, Yahudilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, Filistin’deki 750 binlik n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 11’ine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. Bundan sonraki 15 y\u0131lda 300 bin Yahudi daha gelecekti.<\/p>\n Siyonistlerle Araplar aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k, A\u011fustos 1929’da kanl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 133 Yahudi, Filistinliler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130ngiltere polisi de 110 Filistinliyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Araplar\u0131n tepkileri, 1936’da, geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 uygulanan genel grevle birlikte sivil itaatsizli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Zaten o tarihe kadar, militan Siyonist \u00f6rg\u00fct Irgun Zvai Leumi, Filistin ile \u015fimdiki \u00dcrd\u00fcn’\u00fc ”kurtarmak” amac\u0131yla, Filistinli ve \u0130ngilizlere ait hedeflere sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemekteydi.<\/p>\n Temmuz 1937’de \u0130ngiltere’de, Hindistan’dan sorumlu eski devlet bakan\u0131 Lord Peel’in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bir Kraliyet Komisyonu, bu b\u00f6lgeyi Yahudi ve Arap devletleri aras\u0131nda ikiye b\u00f6lmeyi \u00f6nerdi. Yahudi devleti, \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131ndaki Filistin’in \u00fc\u00e7te birini kaplayacakt\u0131 ve Celile Denizi ile sahildeki d\u00fczl\u00fckleri i\u00e7ine alacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Filistinli ve Arap temsilciler teklifi reddetti. G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn durmas\u0131n\u0131 ve az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00fcniter devlet kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istediler. \u015eiddet i\u00e7eren muhalefet 1938’e kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ta ki, \u0130ngiltere’den g\u00f6nderilen takviye birlikler taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ncaya dek.<\/p>\n 1947 – Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler devrede<\/strong><\/p>\n Filistin’i 1920’den beri idare eden \u0130ngiltere, Siyonist-Arap sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zme sorumlulu\u011funu 1947’de Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’e devretti.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lge \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131yla sars\u0131l\u0131yordu. Yahudiler art\u0131k n\u00fcfusun \u00fc\u00e7te birini olu\u015fturuyordu. Ama topraklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 6’s\u0131 onlar\u0131n elindeydi. Avrupa’daki Nazi zulm\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an y\u00fcz binlerce Yahudi’nin buraya ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 daha da acil hale getirdi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda 6 milyon Yahudi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n BM’nin kurdu\u011fu \u00f6zel komite, b\u00f6lgeyi Filistin ve Arap devletleri aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lmeyi \u00f6nerdi. Arap Y\u00fcksek Komitesi diye an\u0131lan Filistinli temsilciler, teklifi reddederken, Yahudi temsilciler kabul etti.<\/p>\n Payla\u015f\u0131m plan\u0131, Filistin’in y\u00fczde 56,47’sini Yahudi devletine, y\u00fczde 43,53’\u00fcn\u00fc de Arap devletine b\u0131rak\u0131yordu. Kud\u00fcs ise uluslararas\u0131 bir idare alt\u0131nda olacakt\u0131. 29 Kas\u0131m 1947’de BM Genel Kurulu’nda 33 \u00fclkenin oyuyla plan onayland\u0131. 13 \u00fclke kar\u015f\u0131 oy vermi\u015f, 10 \u00fclke de \u00e7ekimser kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Filistinlilerin reddetti\u011fi plan hi\u00e7 uygulanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere, 15 May\u0131s 1948’de, Filistin’deki manda idaresine son verme niyetini ilan etti ancak bu tarih \u00f6ncesinde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ngiltere halk\u0131, askerlerinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle Filistin’de \u0130ngiliz varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ngilizler, ABD’nin daha fazla Yahudi m\u00fcltecinin buraya kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131ya \u00f6fkeliydi. Bu da Siyonizme Amerikan deste\u011finin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faretiydi.<\/p>\n Hem Arap hem de Yahudi taraflar, yakla\u015fan sava\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7lerini seferber ediyordu. Yahudi milis g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Arap k\u00f6ylerinde “temizlik” operasyonlar\u0131 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 1948 – \u0130srail’in kurulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail Devleti, 2 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r kurulan ilk Yahudi devletiydi. Tel Aviv’de 14 May\u0131s 1948’de saat 16:00’da ilan edildi. Karar, son \u0130ngiltere birliklerinin b\u00f6lgeyi terk etti\u011fi ertesi g\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi. Filistinliler, 15 May\u0131s’\u0131 “El Nakba” diye anarlar, yani “Felaket” g\u00fcn\u00fc.<\/p>\n 1948’e girilirken Arap ve Yahudi birlikleri birbirlerinin elindeki topraklara sald\u0131r\u0131yordu. Yahudi g\u00fc\u00e7leri, \u0130rgun ve Lehi militanlar\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011finde, daha fazla ilerleme kaydetti; Yahudi devletine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f topraklar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Filistinlilere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeleri de ele ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Irgun ve Lehi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin militanlar\u0131, 9 Nisan’da Kud\u00fcs yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Deir Yasin k\u00f6y\u00fcnde \u00e7ok say\u0131da Filistinli’yi katletti. Katliam haberi, Filistinliler aras\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131l\u0131p deh\u015fet yaratt\u0131 ve y\u00fcz binlercesi L\u00fcbnan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u015fimdi Bat\u0131 \u015eeria denen b\u00f6lgeye ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n Yahudi ordular\u0131, Necef \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc’nde, Celile’de, Bat\u0131 Kud\u00fcs’te ve sahildeki d\u00fczl\u00fcklerin bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde galip geliyordu.<\/p>\n \u0130srail devleti ilan edildikten bir g\u00fcn sonra, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, M\u0131s\u0131r, L\u00fcbnan, Irak ve Suriye ordular\u0131, hemen \u0130srail’de i\u015fgale ba\u015flad\u0131 ama p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fcler. \u0130srail ordusu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lgelerde s\u00fcren direni\u015fi de bast\u0131rd\u0131. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ate\u015fkes hatlar\u0131, \u0130ngiltere mandas\u0131ndaki Filistin’in \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu \u0130srail’e b\u0131rak\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r, Gazze \u015eeridi’ni elinde tuttu. \u00dcrd\u00fcn de Kud\u00fcs \u00e7evresindeki topraklar\u0131 ve \u015fimdi Bat\u0131 \u015eeria denen b\u00f6lgeyi ilhak etti. Bunlar, \u0130ngiltere manda topraklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 25’ini olu\u015fturuyordu. Bu durum 1967 sava\u015f\u0131na dek s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n 1964 – FK\u00d6’n\u00fcn kurulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n 1948’den beri, \u0130srail’in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na verilecek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u00f6nderlik etmek i\u00e7in Arap devletleri aras\u0131nda rekabet vard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden Filistinliler olaylara seyirci kal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n 1964’te Kud\u00fcs’te kurulan Filistin Kurtulu\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FK\u00d6) hemen ard\u0131ndan Arap devletleri taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nd\u0131. Bu devletler FK\u00d6’n\u00fcn esasen kendi kontrollerinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu.<\/p>\n Ama Filistinliler ger\u00e7ekten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00f6rg\u00fct istiyordu ve 1969’da \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Yaser Arafat’\u0131n amac\u0131 da buydu. Kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131, be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce gizli olarak kurulmu\u015f El Fetih \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, \u0130srail’e kar\u015f\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131yla \u00fcn kazan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n El Fetih sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, 1968’de \u00dcrd\u00fcn’de \u0130srail birliklerine a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdirdi.<\/p>\n 1967 Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail ve Arap kom\u015fular\u0131 aras\u0131nda artan gerginlik, 5 Haziran 1967’de ba\u015flayan 6 G\u00fcn Sava\u015flar\u0131’na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Orta Do\u011fu anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ehresi bu alt\u0131 g\u00fcnde de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u0130srail, M\u0131s\u0131r’dan Gazze ve Sina Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131, Suriye’den de Golan Tepeleri’ni ald\u0131. \u00dcrd\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lerini de Bat\u0131 \u015eeria ile Do\u011fu Kud\u00fcs’ten \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hava kuvvetleri, sava\u015f\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130srail u\u00e7aklar\u0131, daha ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta M\u0131s\u0131r hava kuvvetlerini havalanamadan yerle bir etti.<\/p>\n Toprak kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 \u0130srail’in kontrol\u00fcndeki alan\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Zafer, \u0130srail ve yanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir g\u00fcven ve iyimserlik havas\u0131 yarat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi, 242 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Kararda, sava\u015fla toprak kazan\u0131m\u0131 reddediliyor, son \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalarda ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi yerlerden \u0130srail’in \u00e7ekilmesi isteniyordu.<\/p>\n BM’ye g\u00f6re, bu sava\u015fta 500 bin Filistinli daha m\u00fclteci haline geldi; M\u0131s\u0131r, L\u00fcbnan, \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve Suriye’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n 1973 Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Yom Kippur, yani “Kefaret G\u00fcn\u00fc”, Yahudilerin en \u00f6nemli dini bayram\u0131. 1967’deki sava\u015fta kaybettikleri topraklar\u0131 diplomatik yollardan geri alamayan M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye, 1973’teki Yom Kippur bayram\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130srail’e kar\u015f\u0131 taarruza giri\u015fti. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar, Ramazan Sava\u015f\u0131 diye de an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye, Sina ve Golan Tepeleri’nde ilerleme kaydettiler. \u00dc\u00e7 hafta s\u00fcren \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar sonunda bu durum de\u011fi\u015fti. \u0130srail neticede baz\u0131 yerlerde 1967’deki ate\u015fkes hatt\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n \u0130srail g\u00fc\u00e7leri Golan Tepeleri’ni a\u015farak Suriye i\u00e7inde ilerlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ger\u00e7i sonradan bu topraklar\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. M\u0131s\u0131r’da da, \u0130srail g\u00fc\u00e7leri toprak kazand\u0131lar, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131’n\u0131n bat\u0131 yakas\u0131na ge\u00e7tiler.<\/p>\n ABD, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve BM, diplomatik m\u00fcdahalelerle ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131na var\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suriye, toplam 8 bin 500 asker kaybetti. \u0130srail’in can kayb\u0131 ise 6 bindi.<\/p>\n Sava\u015f sonunda \u0130srail, askeri, diplomatik ve ekonomik destek a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan ABD’ye daha da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale geldi. Sava\u015f\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan Suudi Arabistan, \u0130srail’i destekleyen \u00fclkelere petrol ambargosu ba\u015flatt\u0131. Petrol fiyatlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada h\u0131zla y\u00fckselirken k\u00fcresel nitelikte bir ekonomik kriz ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi ve ambargo Mart 1974’e kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Ekim 1973’te, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi, 338 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bunda, taraflardan, bir an \u00f6nce \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 durdurmalar\u0131 ve m\u00fczakerelere ba\u015flamalar\u0131 isteniyordu.<\/p>\n 1974 Arafat’\u0131n BM’ye ilk gidi\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Arafat liderli\u011findeki FK\u00d6 ile Ebu Nidal gibi, FK\u00d6 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Filistinli \u00f6rg\u00fctler, \u0130srail ve di\u011fer hedeflere kar\u015f\u0131 1970’lerde bir dizi eylem d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n Kara Eyl\u00fcl diye de bilinen Ebu Nidal’in \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, 1972 M\u00fcnih Olimpiyatlar\u0131’ndaki eylemde 11 \u0130srailli sporcuyu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Filistin’in tamam\u0131n\u0131 “kurtarmak” i\u00e7in silaha ba\u015fvuran FK\u00d6’n\u00fcn lideri Arafat, bir yandan da BM’de bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc savundu\u011funu anlatan ilk konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Siyonist projeyi k\u0131nad\u0131, ama ekledi: “Bug\u00fcn bir elimde zeytin dal\u0131, bir elimde kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 veren birinin silah\u0131 var. Zeytin dal\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyin.”<\/p>\n Bu konu\u015fma, Filistinlilerin uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131nma \u00e7abalar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bir y\u0131l sonra ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan Harold Saunders, Arap-\u0130srail bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fczakere edilirken Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fru \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n da hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n 1977 – \u0130srail’de sa\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail’in 1948’de kurulu\u015funda \u0130rgun ve Lehi gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gruplar\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Ama bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Herut (sonradan Likud ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor) Partisi, 1977’ye kadar hi\u00e7bir se\u00e7im kazanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130srail siyaseti bu tarihe kadar sol kanattaki \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi’nin hakimiyetindeydi. Likud ideolojisi, \u0130srail idaresinin \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131na dahil olan b\u00fct\u00fcn topraklara, yani \u00dcrd\u00fcn de dahil Kutsal Kitap’ta anlat\u0131lan “B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130srail’e” yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunuyordu.<\/p>\n Eski \u0130rgun lideri Menahem Begin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Bat\u0131 \u015eeria ile Gazze \u015eeridi’nde yerle\u015fim a\u00e7may\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Ama\u00e7 1967’de kazan\u0131lan topraklar\u0131 ileride geri vermemek i\u00e7in gerek\u00e7eler sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Tar\u0131m Bakan\u0131 Ariel \u015earon bu faaliyetleri k\u00f6r\u00fckledi; \u015earon 1981’e kadar yerle\u015fimlerle ilgili bakanlar komisyonunun ba\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n 1979 – \u0130srail ve M\u0131s\u0131r bar\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Enver Sedat 19 Kas\u0131m 1977’de \u0130srail’e u\u00e7up Knesset’te, yani parlamentoda konu\u015fma yap\u0131nca d\u00fcnya \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u0130srail’i tan\u0131yan ilk Arap lider Sedat oldu. Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 daha d\u00f6rt y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flatan da kendisiydi. O sava\u015f niha\u00ee sonucu getirmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130srail, 1978’de Camp David anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Metinde Orta Do\u011fu’da bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesi \u00e7iziliyordu ve buna Filistinlilere s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6zerklik verilmesi de dahildi. \u0130kili bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da Sedat ile Begin Mart 1979’da imzalad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Sina yar\u0131madas\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’a geri verildi.<\/p>\n \u0130srail’le kendi ba\u015f\u0131na pazarl\u0131\u011fa giri\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r, Arap devletleri taraf\u0131ndan boykota u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n Enver Sedat 1981’de kendi ordusundaki \u0130slamc\u0131 unsurlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n 1982 – \u0130srail L\u00fcbnan’\u0131 i\u015fgal ediyor<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail, L\u00fcbnan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n yerle\u015fim birimlerini sald\u0131r\u0131lardan korumak amac\u0131yla bu \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyine asker soktu. Ama Savunma Bakan\u0131 Ariel \u015earon orduyu ba\u015fkent Beyrut’a kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc; FK\u00d6’y\u00fc bu \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n Sina’daki son \u0130srail birliklerinin geri \u00e7ekilmesinin \u00fczerinden daha iki ay bile ge\u00e7memi\u015fti. L\u00fcbnan i\u015fgali, Ebu Nidal \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130srail’in Londra b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isine suikast giri\u015fimi \u00fczerine ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130srail birlikleri Beyrut’a a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda vard\u0131. Yap\u0131lan ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca FK\u00d6 milisleri \u00e7ekilince, Filistin m\u00fclteci kamplar\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130srail g\u00fc\u00e7leri 14 Eyl\u00fcl’de Beyrut etraf\u0131nda birikirken, H\u0131ristiyan Falanj milislerin lideri Be\u015fir Cemayel, ba\u015fkentteki karargah\u0131nda bir bomban\u0131n patlamas\u0131yla \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ertesi g\u00fcn \u0130srail ordusu Bat\u0131 Beyrut’u i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n 16 Eyl\u00fcl’den 18 Eyl\u00fcl’e kadar, \u0130srail’le ittifak yapan Falanjistler, Sabra ve \u015eatilla kamplar\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce Filistinliyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Neredeyse bir asr\u0131 bulan Ortado\u011fu m\u00fccadelesindeki en katl\u0131 katliamlardan biriydi bu. \u015earon, savunma bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6reve ge\u00e7mek zorunda kald\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1983’te \u0130srail’de yap\u0131lan bir soru\u015fturma, onun katliam\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7medi\u011fine h\u00fck\u00fcm vermi\u015fti. Sabra ve \u015eatilla katliamlar\u0131 Ariel \u015earon hakk\u0131ndaki ”sava\u015f su\u00e7lusu” iddialar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131 g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131, \u0130srail askerlerinin, H\u0131ristiyan milislerin kamplarda neler yapaca\u011f\u0131ndan haberdar oldu\u011funu, hatta olanlar\u0131 izledi\u011fini anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u0130ntifada 1987-93<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 intifada, yani kitlesel ayaklanma Gazze \u015eeridi’nde ba\u015flad\u0131; k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’ya yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Protestolar, sivil itaatsizlik \u015fekline b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc. Genel grevler d\u00fczenlendi, \u0130srail \u00fcr\u00fcnleri boykot edildi, duvarlara yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131ld\u0131 ve yollarda barikatlar kuruldu. Ama uluslararas\u0131 ilgi toplayan protesto \u015fekli, a\u011f\u0131r silahlarla donanm\u0131\u015f \u0130srail askerlerine ta\u015f atan Filistinlilerdi.<\/p>\n \u0130srail ordusu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi; \u00e7ok say\u0131da Filistinli sivil ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. 1993’e kadar s\u00fcren protestolarda toplam can kayb\u0131 bini a\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 1988 – FK\u00d6 bar\u0131\u015fa kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcne ra\u011fmen 1987’de ba\u015flayan intifaday\u0131 durduram\u0131yordu. Eylemleri \u0130srail i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Filistinlilerin tamam\u0131 destekliyordu.<\/p>\n 1982’de L\u00fcbnan’dan s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra Tunus’a yerle\u015fen FK\u00d6 i\u00e7in de bu ayaklanma tehlike i\u015faretiydi. Filistin “devrimi” hedefine d\u00f6n\u00fck m\u00fccadelede dikkatler, FK\u00d6 ve diaspora yerine i\u015fgal topraklar\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. FK\u00d6 ba\u015frol\u00fc kaybedebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren Filistin Ulusal Konseyi, Kas\u0131m 1988’de Cezayir’de topland\u0131 ve 1947’deki Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler karar\u0131nda yer alan ”iki devlet” \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etti. Oylamada kabul edilen kararda ayr\u0131ca ter\u00f6rizm k\u0131nan\u0131yor; BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi’nin 242 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na dayal\u0131 m\u00fczakere iste\u011fi dile getiriliyordu. 242 say\u0131l\u0131 karar, ayr\u0131ca 1967’de, \u0130srail’in ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi topraklardan \u00e7ekilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n ABD, FK\u00d6 ile diyalo\u011fa giri\u015fti. Ama \u0130srail hala FK\u00d6’y\u00fc ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, muhatap almak istemiyordu. Bunun yerine \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Yitzak \u015eamir, kendi kaderini tayin hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce i\u015fgal topraklar\u0131nda se\u00e7im yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n 1991 – Madrid Zirvesi<\/strong><\/p>\n 1991’de \u00e7\u0131kan K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131 FK\u00d6 i\u00e7in felaket niteli\u011findeydi. Yaser Arafat, Irak’a destek verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in K\u00f6rfez b\u00f6lgesindeki zengin hamilerini kaybetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Irak’\u0131n Kuveyt’i i\u015fgaline son verilmesi ard\u0131ndan ABD y\u00f6netimi Ortado\u011fu’da bar\u0131\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verdi. Bu giri\u015fimler m\u00e2li olarak zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve siyaseten tecrit edilmi\u015f Arafat i\u00e7in, \u0130srail’deki muhafazakar Ba\u015fbakan Yitzak \u015eamir’e oranla daha de\u011ferliydi.<\/p>\n ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 James Baker’\u0131n defalarca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretler, Madrid’de bir uluslararas\u0131 zirve toplanmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Suriye kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul etti; umudu, Golan Tepeleri’ni geri alacak m\u00fczakerelere girmekti. \u00dcrd\u00fcn de daveti kabul etti.<\/p>\n Ancak \u015eamir, ter\u00f6rist olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc FK\u00d6 ile do\u011frudan muhatap olmak istemiyordu ve bu y\u00fczden \u00f6nde gelen Filistinli simalardan olu\u015fan bir Filistin-\u00dcrd\u00fcn heyeti olu\u015fturuldu. Bu Filistinliler FK\u00d6 \u00fcyesi de\u011fildi. Zirve \u00f6ncesindeki g\u00fcnlerde ABD, \u0130srail’le ender g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir cephele\u015fme i\u00e7indeydi. \u0130\u015fgal edilmi\u015f topraklarda Yahudilere yerle\u015fim birimlerinin in\u015fa edilmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u0130srail’in alaca\u011f\u0131 10 milyar dolarl\u0131k kredi garantisini ask\u0131ya alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 30 Ekim’de ba\u015flayan tarihi zirveyi d\u00fcnya izledi. Eski d\u00fc\u015fmanlara, yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 45’er dakikal\u0131k konu\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verildi. Filistinliler, \u0130srail’le payla\u015f\u0131lan bir gelecek umudunu dile getirdi. \u015eamir Yahudi devletinin me\u015fruiyetini anlatt\u0131. Suriye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Faruk el \u015eara ise \u015eamir’in ”ter\u00f6rist” ge\u00e7mi\u015fini anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n ABD zirveden sonra \u0130srail’in, Suriye ve Filistin-\u00dcrd\u00fcn heyetleriyle ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n 1993 – Oslo Bar\u0131\u015f S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n Haziran 1992’de \u0130srail’de sol kanad\u0131n, yani \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi’nin iktidara gelmesi \u00e7ok kuvvetli bir bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n Sertlik yanl\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen Ba\u015fbakan Yitzak Rabin ile “g\u00fcvercin” olarak g\u00f6sterilen \u015eimon Peres ve Yosi Beilin, Filistinlilerle bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 konu\u015facak \u00e7ok uygun bir ekibi olu\u015fturuyordu. K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra konumu zay\u0131flayan FK\u00d6 bu bar\u0131\u015f pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7 almay\u0131 umuyordu.<\/p>\n Washington’daki ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler t\u0131kan\u0131nca \u0130srail, FK\u00d6’n\u00fcn kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik itiraz\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Peres ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Beilin, Norve\u00e7’in giri\u015fimi olan gizli bir m\u00fczakere zemini kurma imkan\u0131n\u0131 inceliyordu.<\/p>\n Washington’daki ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca gizli Oslo kulvar\u0131 20 Ocak 1993’te a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Norve\u00e7’in Sarpsborg kasabas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f ilerleme kaydedildi. Filistinliler i\u015fgal topraklar\u0131ndan a\u015famal\u0131 \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130srail devletini tan\u0131may\u0131 kabul ediyordu.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler \u0130lkeler Deklarasyonu’nu getirdi. Bu belge Washington’da imzalan\u0131rken, Arafat ile Rabin aras\u0131ndaki tarihi tokala\u015fmay\u0131 400 milyon insan canl\u0131 izledi.<\/p>\n 1994 – Filistin Y\u00f6netimi’nin kurulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail ve Filistin Kurtulu\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, \u0130lkeler Deklarasyonu’nun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 konusundaki anla\u015fmay\u0131 Kahire’de 4 May\u0131s 1994’te imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130srail, Gazze \u015eeridi’nin \u00e7o\u011funu terk ediyordu. Sadece Yahudi yerle\u015fimleri ve etraflar\u0131ndaki arazilerde \u0130srail varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrecekti. Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’da ise Eriha kentini Filistinliler’e b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu pazarl\u0131klar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc ve Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’n\u0131n El Halil kentinde d\u00fczenlenen bir katliam neredeyse g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin kesilmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. Tarihi \u0130brahim Camii’nde sabah namaz\u0131 k\u0131lan Filistinliler’in \u00fczerine makineli t\u00fcfekle ate\u015f a\u00e7an Yahudi yerle\u015fimci Baru Goldstein, 29 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Anla\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7inde de a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken zorluklar vard\u0131. Metinde be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7inde \u0130srail ordusunun geri \u00e7ekilme a\u015famalar\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu. Ama bu a\u015famalar \u00e7ok zorlu pazarl\u0131klar\u0131n sonu\u00e7 vermesine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Bunlar Filistin devletinin kurulu\u015fu, Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn stat\u00fcs\u00fc, i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f topraklardaki Yahudi yerle\u015fimlerinin durumu ve 1948 ile 67 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanan 3,5 milyon Filistinli m\u00fcltecinin ne olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi konulard\u0131.<\/p>\n Bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecini ele\u015ftirenler 1 Temmuz’da susmu\u015ftu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yaser Arafat, Filistin topraklar\u0131na bu tarihte geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc, co\u015fkulu kalabal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan muzaffer bir eda ile kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Filistin Kurtulu\u015f Ordusu, \u0130srail birliklerinin bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Filistin Ulusal \u0130daresi, yani \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Yaser Arafat vard\u0131 art\u0131k. 1996’daki se\u00e7im de bunu tescil etti.<\/p>\n 1995 – \u0130kinci Oslo ve Rabin suikast\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Filistin y\u00f6netimi, Gazze \u015eeridi’ndeki ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda zorluklarla bo\u011fu\u015ftu. Filistinli militanlar\u0131n bombal\u0131 eylemlerinde onlarca \u0130srailli \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u0130srail \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimin topraklar\u0131na giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 engelliyor; militanlara suikastlar d\u00fczenliyordu. Yeni yerle\u015fim in\u015faatlar\u0131 da durmad\u0131. Filistin \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netimi kendi toplumunun \u00f6fkesini kitlesel g\u00f6zalt\u0131larla bast\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130srail i\u00e7inde ise bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecine tepkiler sa\u011f kanattan ve dini gruplardan geliyordu.<\/p>\n Bu ortam i\u00e7inde bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yo\u011fun \u00e7aba ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclse de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta belirlenen takvime yeti\u015filemiyordu. 24 Eyl\u00fcl’de 2. Oslo diye an\u0131lan anla\u015fma M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Taba \u015fehrinde ve Washington’da ayr\u0131 t\u00f6renlerle imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu anla\u015fma Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’y\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n 1 – A B\u00f6lgesi: Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’n\u0131n y\u00fczde 7’sini olu\u015fturan bu b\u00f6lge, Do\u011fu Kud\u00fcs ve El Halil haricindeki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 yerle\u015fim merkezlerini tam olarak Filistin idaresine b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n 2 – B B\u00f6lgesi: \u0130srail ve Filistinlilerin ortak kontrol\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131lan bu b\u00f6lge Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’n\u0131n y\u00fczde 21’ini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n 3 – C B\u00f6lgesi: \u0130srail bu b\u00f6lgeyi kontrol alt\u0131nda tutacak, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda Filistinli tutuklular\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n 2. Oslo Anla\u015fmas\u0131, Filistinlileri pek heyecanland\u0131rmad\u0131. \u0130srailli dinciler ise ”Yahudi topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n” teslim edilmesine \u00f6fkeliydi. \u00d6fke ve tahrik i\u00e7eren bir kampanyaya hedef olan Ba\u015fbakan Yitzak Rabin, bir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dinci Yahudi taraf\u0131ndan 4 Kas\u0131m’da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Suikast b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya \u015fok dalgalar\u0131 yayd\u0131. “G\u00fcvercin” diye nitelendirilen ve bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc tamamlanamayan bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinin mimar\u0131 \u015eimon Peres ba\u015fbakan oldu.<\/p>\n 1996-1999 Kilitlenme<\/strong><\/p>\n 1996 y\u0131l\u0131na girildi\u011finde anla\u015fmazl\u0131k yine kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu . Hamas \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u0130srail i\u00e7inde bir dizi intihar eylemleri d\u00fczenledi. \u0130srail, L\u00fcbnan’\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 hafta s\u00fcreyle bombalad\u0131.<\/p>\n Peres 29 May\u0131s’taki se\u00e7imlerde, sa\u011fc\u0131 Binyamin Netanyahu’ya k\u0131l pay\u0131 yenildi. Netanyahu, Oslo anla\u015fmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, ”g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7inde bar\u0131\u015f” tezini i\u015fliyordu.<\/p>\n Netanyahu i\u015fgal topraklar\u0131nda yerle\u015fim in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n dondurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak Araplar\u0131 \u00f6fkelendirdi. El Aksa Camii’nin alt\u0131na, arkeolojik ama\u00e7larla bir t\u00fcnel kaz\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in izin verince de, tepkiler daha da \u015fiddetlendi.<\/p>\n \u0130srail mevcut bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecini ele\u015ftirmesine ra\u011fmen ABD’nin artan bask\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde Ocak 1997’de El Halil \u015fehrinin y\u00fczde 97’sini Filistinlilere devretti. ABD’de 23 Ekim 1998’de imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Wye River Beyannamesi ise, Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’dan \u00e7ekilmenin s\u00fcrmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n Fakat Wye River’\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin itirazlar, Ocak 1999’da \u0130srail’de iktidardaki sa\u011f koalisyonun \u00e7\u00f6kmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 18 May\u0131s’taki se\u00e7imlerin galibi \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partili Ehud Barak’t\u0131. \u0130sraillilerle Araplar aras\u0131ndaki 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k kavgay\u0131 sona erdirmeyi vaat ediyordu yeni ba\u015fbakan.<\/p>\n Oslo anla\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcresi, 4 May\u0131s 1999’da sona erdi. Ama Yaser Arafat tek yanl\u0131 Filistin devleti ilan\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7irildi. Ama\u00e7 \u0130srail’deki yeni y\u00f6netimle pazarl\u0131\u011fa yeniden ba\u015flanmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n 2000 – \u0130kinci intifada<\/strong><\/p>\n Ehud Barak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bar\u0131\u015fa ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131na dair ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta duyulan iyimserli\u011fin temeli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanla anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Yeni bir Wye River s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Eyl\u00fcl 1999’da imzaland\u0131. Ama i\u015fgal topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilme i\u015fleminin devam etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn durumu, m\u00fclteciler, yerle\u015fimler ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar gibi niha\u00ee stat\u00fc pazarl\u0131klar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci sonunda pek bir \u015fey elde edilememesi, Filistin halk\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u0131kk\u0131nl\u0131k do\u011furdu.<\/p>\n Barak, Suriye ile bar\u0131\u015fa odakland\u0131. Bu alanda da ba\u015far\u0131 yoktu. Barak yine de \u0130srail’in 21 y\u0131ll\u0131k L\u00fcbnan maceras\u0131na son verdi.<\/p>\n May\u0131s 2000’de \u0130srail’in L\u00fcbnan’dan \u00e7ekilmesi, dikkatleri Yaser Arafat’a y\u00f6neltti. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bill Clinton ile Ehud Barak kademeli bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yerine, b\u00fct\u00fcn konularda hep birden sonu\u00e7 almay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan nihai pazarl\u0131\u011fa girmeye zorland\u0131. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler i\u00e7in ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Camp David se\u00e7ildi. \u0130ki hafta s\u00fcren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde Kud\u00fcs’\u00fcn stat\u00fcs\u00fc ve Filistinli m\u00fcltecilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f haklar\u0131 konusunda bir uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n Bunun getirdi\u011fi belirsizlik i\u00e7inde, 28 Eyl\u00fcl’de muhalefetteki Likud Partisi’nin Netanyahu’dan sonraki lideri, y\u0131llar\u0131n sa\u011fc\u0131 politikac\u0131s\u0131 Ariel \u015earon, Mescid-i Aksa’n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kompleksi ziyaret etti. Bunun \u00e7ok tahrik edici bir hareket oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylendi. Filistinliler bu ziyareti protesto i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterilere ba\u015flad\u0131. Ve g\u00f6steriler \u015fimdi El Aksa intifadas\u0131 diye an\u0131lan ayaklanmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n 2001 – \u015earon’un d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n 2000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna gelinirken Ba\u015fbakan Ehud Barak, giderek kanl\u0131 ve \u00f6fkeli bir hale gelen \u015fiddet d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde buldu kendini. \u0130srail’in Bat\u0131 \u015eeria ve Gazze \u015eeridi’ndeki i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 intifada t\u0131rman\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n \u00c7evresindeki koalisyon \u00e7\u00f6kerken, Barak 10 Aral\u0131k’ta istifa etti. Halktan krizle m\u00fccadele konusunda yeni bir yetki istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Ama 6 \u015eubat’taki se\u00e7imleri Ariel \u015earon kazand\u0131. \u0130srailli se\u00e7men 90’l\u0131 y\u0131llar boyunca s\u00fcren ”bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in toprak” form\u00fcllerine arkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130srail’in “Filistinli sorunu”na daha kat\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunuyorlard\u0131 art\u0131k.<\/p>\n \u015earon, Filistinli militanlara kar\u015f\u0131 suikastlar, hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve Filistin idaresindeki topraklara d\u00fczenlenen bask\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131 daha da \u015fiddetlendirirken, can kayb\u0131 y\u00fckseliyordu. Filistinli militanlar ise \u0130srail \u015fehirlerinde intihar eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n ABD \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7abalara \u00f6nderlik etti. Ayaklanmaya ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 soru\u015fturmay\u0131, Amerikal\u0131 eski Senat\u00f6r George Mitchell ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki heyet y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. CIA’n\u0131n eski Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc George Tenet ise ate\u015fkesin nas\u0131l uygulanabilece\u011fine dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda bir \u00f6neri haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Ama bu giri\u015fimler d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc k\u0131ramad\u0131.<\/p>\n 2002 – Bat\u0131 \u015eeria yeniden i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n Birka\u00e7 dalga halinde gelen intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ard\u0131ndan, \u0130srail \u00f6nce mart sonra da haziran aylar\u0131nda Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’n\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Filistin kentleri s\u0131k s\u0131k bask\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131, birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kesildi, ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131 ya da uzun s\u00fcreler soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Nisan ay\u0131nda \u0130srail g\u00fc\u00e7leri Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’n\u0131n kuzeyindeki Cenin m\u00fclteci kamp\u0131na girip b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irdi. Filistinliler, burada bir katliam yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ettiler. Kendisi de a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131p veren \u0130srail ordusu ise \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir direni\u015f ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek burada sadece 52 Filistinlinin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda \u0131srar etti.<\/p>\n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in bu konuda haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapor, “sivilleri tehlikeyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakan \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131” dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her iki taraf\u0131 da su\u00e7lad\u0131 ama ortada bir katliam olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ise \u0130srail ordusunun Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’da Cenin ve Nablus’a d\u00fczenledi\u011fi operasyonlarda sava\u015f su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fcne vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Dikkatlerin odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer merkez de Beyt\u00fcllahim oldu. Beyt\u00fcllahim’deki M\u00eelad Kilisesi’nde 5 hafta boyunca devam eden ku\u015fatma, may\u0131s ay\u0131nda, kiliseye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da Filistinli aras\u0131ndaki 13 militan\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmesiyle sona erdi.<\/p>\n \u0130srailli yetkililer 2002 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca Gazze \u015eeridi ve Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’da d\u00fczenlenen operasyonlar\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n Filistinlilerin ter\u00f6r altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kmak oldu\u011funu kaydediyordu.<\/p>\n Ancak h\u0131z\u0131 kesilmi\u015f de olsa intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131l boyu devam etti.<\/p>\n \u00dcst \u00fcste iki y\u0131ld\u0131r bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci durma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015fti. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Rusya ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nden olu\u015fan, “D\u00f6rtl\u00fc” Orta Do\u011fu’da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme y\u00f6nelik bir ‘yol haritas\u0131’ ile s\u00fcreci yeniden canland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 2003 – Bush’un Ortado\u011fu politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Yol haritas\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131, i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00fczerinde 2002 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca devam eden pazarl\u0131klar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gecikti. Belge ancak 2003 y\u0131l\u0131 nisan\u0131nda Amerika \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Irak’a d\u00fczenlenen operasyon sonras\u0131nda yay\u0131mland\u0131. Belgenin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131na kadar da t\u00fcm diplomatik giri\u015fimler ask\u0131da kald\u0131.<\/p>\n 2003 Haziran’\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George W. Bush, Ortado\u011fu konusundaki siyasetini uzun s\u00fcredir beklenen bir konu\u015fmayla a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n Bush konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Filistinlilere ‘ter\u00f6re taviz vermeyen’ bir lider belirlemeleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n Filistinli militan gruplar\u0131n yo\u011fun m\u00fczakereler ard\u0131ndan haziran ay\u0131nda ilan etti\u011fi ate\u015fkes ise ancak 7 hafta s\u00fcreyle ge\u00e7erli oldu.<\/p>\n 2004 – Arafat’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130srail’in hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve Filistinli militanlar\u0131n intihar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l oldu. \u0130srail’in mart ve nisan aylar\u0131nda Hamas’\u0131n ruhani lideri \u015eeyh Ahmet Yasin’le \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Abd\u00fclazizi el Rantisi’yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi Filistinliler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck tepkiye neden oldu.<\/p>\n \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Ariel \u015earon, Gazze’den yerle\u015fimcileri ve askerleri \u00e7ekme plan\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u0130srail Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi, duvar\u0131n g\u00fczergah\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fine h\u00fckmetti.<\/p>\n Temmuz ay\u0131nda da Lahey Adalet Divan\u0131 duvar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan etti. Ancak \u0130srail bu kararlara ra\u011fmen duvar in\u015faas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda rahats\u0131zlanan Filistin lideri Yaser Arafat, 11 Kas\u0131m’da tedavi i\u00e7in g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Fransa’da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n Mahmud Abbas, Filistin Kurtulu\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc liderli\u011fine getirildi.<\/p>\n 2005 – Gazze’den \u00e7ekilme<\/strong><\/p>\n Ocak ay\u0131nda Filistin’de yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imler sonunda Mahmud Abbas \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirildi.<\/p>\n Ariel \u015earon ise, Gazze’den \u00e7ekilme plan\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden onay ald\u0131 ve plan a\u011fustos ay\u0131 sonunda ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irildi. Gazze’de bulunan yerle\u015fimciler zorla b\u00f6lgeden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n 2006 – Hamas’\u0131n zaferi<\/strong><\/p>\n Ocak ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda beyin kanamas\u0131 ge\u00e7irerek komaya giren Ariel \u015earon’un yerine gelen Ehud Olmert, Kadima adl\u0131 yeni bir parti kurdu.<\/p>\n Kadima, se\u00e7imler sonunda merkez sol \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Ortadoks \u015eas Partisi’yle koalisyon olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n \u0130lk ba\u015fta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kamuoyu deste\u011fine sahip olan Olmert, Hizbullah’\u0131n iki askeri ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131 ard\u0131ndan temmuz ay\u0131nda L\u00fcbnan’a sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131 ve Beyrut’un da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu baz\u0131 kentleri bombalad\u0131.<\/p>\n Sonunda ilan edilen ate\u015fkesin ard\u0131ndan Olmert, askerleri kurtarmay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6netme bi\u00e7imi nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n Filistin’de ise, ocak ay\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen se\u00e7imlerden Hamas ezici zaferle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve tek ba\u015f\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurdu.<\/p>\n Ancak \u0130srail’in varolma hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 ve \u015fiddeti reddetmesi i\u00e7in bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalan Hamas’a y\u00f6nelik uluslararas\u0131 ambargo uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Hamas’\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek, Filistin’e mali yard\u0131mlar\u0131 durdurunca, Hamas h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kamu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bile \u00f6deyemez hale geldi.<\/p>\n Hamas’la El Fetih aras\u0131nda t\u0131rmanan gerilim \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar kimi g\u00f6zlemcilere g\u00f6re, Filistin’i bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi.<\/p>\n Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n may\u0131s ay\u0131nda, taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde uzla\u015fabilece\u011fi bir siyasi zemin olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130srail cezaevlerinde bulunan \u00f6nde gelen El Fetih ve Hamas’l\u0131 isimler, “cezaevi belgesi” olarak an\u0131lan bir bildirge haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Direni\u015fin 1967’de i\u015fgal edilen topraklarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130srail’in \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bildirgenin ba\u015fta yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyecana ra\u011fmen, bu belge de anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 gidermeye yetmedi.<\/p>\n Hamas’\u0131n belgenin baz\u0131 noktalar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki itirazlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Filistin lideri Mahmud Abbas, konuyu referanduma g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fini ilan etti.<\/p>\n Bu ama\u00e7la Hamas’a tan\u0131nan s\u00fcreler tekrar tekrar uzat\u0131ld\u0131, referandum kozu yerini erken genel se\u00e7ime gitme tehdidine b\u0131rakt\u0131, ancak Abbas bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irme a\u015famas\u0131na gelmedi.<\/p>\n 2007<\/strong><\/p>\n “\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f” endi\u015feleri nedeniyle devreye giren Suudi Arabistan’\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Mekke’de bir araya gelen Filistinli rakip gruplar Hamas ve El Fetih’in ulusal birlik h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Ancak \u0130smail Hanya ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6mr\u00fc uzun olmad\u0131. El Fetih’le Hamas aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonunda, haziran ay\u0131nda Hamas Gazze’nin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi. Abbas h\u00fck\u00fcmeti azletti. Hamas kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki Gazze’de h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurdu, Mahmud Abbas ise, Selam Feyyad ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’y\u0131 kontrol edebilen bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurdu.<\/p>\n Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 George Bush, temmuz ay\u0131 ortas\u0131nda \u0130sraillilerle Filistinliler aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n Filistin ile \u0130srail taraflar\u0131 “konferans\u0131n sonu\u00e7 bildirgesi” konusunda uzla\u015fmakta zorlan\u0131nca toplant\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yer ve tarihin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 son dakikaya kald\u0131. Amerikal\u0131 yetkililer, kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ortas\u0131nda konferans\u0131n 27 Kas\u0131m’da Annapolis kentinde d\u00fczenlenece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n Kaynak: Bianet<\/em><\/p>\n Emperyalist sava\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n Obama\u2019n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f el\u00e7isi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Irak\u2019ta bata\u011fa batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesinin hezimete u\u011fray\u0131p g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenlerin aksine emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en kanl\u0131 rauntlar\u0131 daha yeni ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Obama\u2019y\u0131 pazarlayanlar, onun \u0130srail\u2019i d\u0131\u015flayarak Hamas\u2019la gizli gizli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi ve sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zece\u011fi yan\u0131lsamas\u0131n\u0131 yaymaya ve onu Bush\u2019tan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Oysa ABD Senatosu ve Temsilciler Meclisi, \u0130srail\u2019in arkas\u0131nda olundu\u011funu vurgulayan bir karar\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131n en kanl\u0131 g\u00fcnlerinde Demokrat Partinin tam deste\u011fiyle \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130srail\u2019in Gazze\u2019den gelen sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendini savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi bu kararda, \u201cg\u00fcvenli s\u0131n\u0131rlara sahip demokratik bir Yahudi devleti olarak \u0130srail devletinin refah\u0131, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve hayatta kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kararl\u0131 destek\u201d taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 karar, ter\u00f6rist olarak nitelendirilen ve sava\u015f\u0131n sorumlusu ilan edilen Hamas\u2019\u0131, roket sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na son vermeye, \u015fiddeti terk etmeye, \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131maya ve \u0130srail ile Filistin aras\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce imzalanan t\u00fcm anla\u015fmalar\u0131 kabul etmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Obama\u2019n\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi Demokratlar, \u0130srail\u2019e ko\u015fulsuz ve tam destek verilmesi ve Filistin ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketinin tek m\u00fccadeleci temsilcisi konumunda olan Hamas\u2019\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Bush ekibiyle ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgiyi payla\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n ABD, B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesinden vazge\u00e7mek bir yana, onu daha da geni\u015fleterek uygulamaya sokmak i\u00e7in var g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu proje Asya\u2019da sava\u015f\u0131n Pakistan ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Kafkaslar\u2019a s\u0131\u00e7rat\u0131lmas\u0131, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ise \u015eii-S\u00fcnni cephele\u015fmesinin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m hayata ge\u00e7iriliyor.<\/p>\n \u0130srail\u2019in 2006 yaz\u0131nda Hizbullah\u2019\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek L\u00fcbnan\u2019a sald\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, bunun Suriye ve \u0130ran\u2019la kozlar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ilk raunt oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. \u0130srail\u2019in daha sonraki rauntlar\u0131 bir an \u00f6nce hayata ge\u00e7irmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da dile getirmi\u015ftik.[2] \u0130\u015fte son \u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, hem L\u00fcbnan\u2019da al\u0131nan yenilginin r\u00f6van\u015f\u0131 hem de Suriye-\u0130ran cephesine kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen bir ikinci raunt niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. L\u00fcbnan Hizbullah\u0131n\u0131n ve Suriye\u2019nin m\u00fcttefikli\u011findeki \u015eii \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi S\u00fcnni cephe her vesileyle bir par\u00e7a daha tahkim edilmektedir. Nitekim son Gazze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, bu cephenin yeterince sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Filistin sorununda \u00f6nemli bir unsur olarak daima devrede olan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n, Hamas\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyecek bir bi\u00e7imde \u0130srail\u2019in yan\u0131nda saf tutmas\u0131, \u015eii-S\u00fcnni cephele\u015fmesinde Suudi Arabistan\u2019la birlikte bir kutup ba\u015f\u0131 rol\u00fcne soyundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r, Suudi Arabistan, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, K\u00f6rfez emirlikleri gibi \u00fclkeleri kapsayan S\u00fcnni kutup, ABD\u2019nin ve \u0130srail\u2019in emperyalist planlar\u0131yla da \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fan bir bi\u00e7imde, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfuzunu k\u0131rmak \u00fczere bir araya gelmi\u015f bulunuyor. Hamas\u2019\u0131n tasfiye edilmesi, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 ucuna uzanan elinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na da geliyor ve bu y\u00fczden s\u00f6z konusu cephe \u0130srail\u2019in Hamas\u2019\u0131 yok etme operasyonuna sessiz kal\u0131yor. M\u0131s\u0131r D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Ahmed Ebul Geyt, Filistinlilerin ba\u015f\u0131na bombalar ya\u011farken El Arabiya televizyonuna verdi\u011fi bir m\u00fclakatta, \u0130ran\u2019a ve Suriye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik olarak \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti: \u201cArap d\u00fcnyas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ran gibi bir \u00fclke var ve yeni gelen ABD y\u00f6netimine \u00abK\u00f6rfez\u2019deki g\u00fcvenlikten ya da n\u00fckleer dosyadan s\u00f6z etmek istiyorsan\u0131z bizimle konu\u015fmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z\u00bb demek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn kartlar\u0131 elinde tutmak istiyor. Baz\u0131 Arap olmayan \u00fclkelerin ve baz\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerinin Filistin meselesinden ellerini \u00e7ekmelerini sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n Geyt, \u201cAraplar\u0131n Gazze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 konusunda sadece \u0130srail\u2019i su\u00e7layan dengesiz bir dil kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131\u201d gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek, Mahmut Abbas\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Filistin \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netimi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden Hamas\u2019\u0131 desteklemesinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Suriye\u2019yi de a\u011f\u0131r bir dille ele\u015ftirdi. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Hamas\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da net bir \u015fekilde ifade etti.<\/p>\n S\u00fcnni cephede yer alan di\u011fer Arap devletleri de sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n sorumlusu olarak Hamas\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek kadar pervas\u0131z birer i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 Amerikan emperyalizminin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla ortakla\u015ft\u0131ran S\u00fcnni Arap devletleri \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u201d \u0130ran yerine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cYahudi\u201d \u0130srail\u2019i tercih etmektedirler. Bu vesileyle bir kez daha g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, emperyalist ideologlar\u0131n \u201cmedeniyetler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d safsatas\u0131n\u0131n aksine, ya\u015fanan \u015fey bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Yahudi-H\u0131ristiyan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 de\u011fil, burjuva devletlerin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kurduklar\u0131 ittifaklar zemininde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri kanl\u0131 bir emperyalist sava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin emperyalist planlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm geli\u015fmeler, bu sava\u015fta M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a Arap \u00fclkelerini \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hizaya getirme g\u00f6revi verilirken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de Hamas\u2019\u0131 \u0131slah ve ikna etme rol\u00fcn\u00fcn bi\u00e7ildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, \u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan hemen \u00f6nce d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Livni M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a giderken, ba\u015fbakan Olmert de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015fti. Sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme nedeniyle muhalefet taraf\u0131ndan topa tutulan Erdo\u011fan, Olmert\u2019in geli\u015finin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Suriye-\u0130srail g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerindeki dolayl\u0131 arabuluculu\u011fuyla ilgili oldu\u011funu, sald\u0131r\u0131dan kesinlikle haberdar edilmedi\u011fini iddia ederek \u0130srail\u2019e ate\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Hatta diplomatik dil s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ylesine a\u015ft\u0131 ki, (sayesinde ne kadar \u0130srail sevdal\u0131s\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011fumuz) burjuva k\u00f6\u015fe yazarlar\u0131, yorumcular, medya g\u00fcl\u00fc burjuva akademisyenler, emekli b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iler vs. bu durumdan fazlas\u0131yla rahats\u0131z olarak, ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131n devlet adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na yak\u0131\u015fmayan bir \u00fcslupla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7e sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dem vurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Onlara g\u00f6re Erdo\u011fan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sert a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla diplomaside ne kadar acemi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015f, Araplardan \u00e7ok Arapl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f, \u0130srail\u2019le k\u00f6pr\u00fcleri atacak kadar ileri gitmi\u015f, Bat\u0131 ekseninden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, arabuluculuk rol\u00fcne zarar vermi\u015f, b\u00f6lgeye asker g\u00f6nderme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/p>\n Ancak Erdo\u011fan, diplomasi ve politika konusunda, bu \u201cdiplomasi \u00fcstatlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d suya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp susuz getirece\u011fini bir kez daha kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan esip g\u00fcrlerken, ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k ba\u015fdan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Ahmet Davuto\u011flu ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri g\u00f6revlileri, Hamas\u2019\u0131 ate\u015fkese ikna etmek ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i Mahmut Abbas y\u00f6netimiyle milli birlik h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmaya zorlamak \u00fczere Ortado\u011fu turuna \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u0130ran ve Suriye\u2019nin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tepki vermelerini engelleyip onlar\u0131 \u201csa\u011fduyulu\u201d hareket etmeye ikna etmek de, bu g\u00f6revin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Bunda son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olundu\u011fu, ate\u015fkes sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan ve bizzat ate\u015fkes s\u00fcrecinden gayet net olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Erdo\u011fan bir yandan yakla\u015fan yerel se\u00e7imler nedeniyle konuyu i\u00e7 politika malzemesi haline getirip, Filistin\u2019e destek mitinglerinde onbinleri toplayan Saadet Partisi gibi rakiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 meydan\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stererek se\u00e7men kitlesinin g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc ok\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan Ortado\u011fu halklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde taht kurmu\u015ftur. Yemen\u2019deki mitinglerde Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n resimleri Chavez\u2019le birlikte yan yana ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Hamas s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri \u201ckom\u015fumuz M\u0131s\u0131r yerine T\u00fcrkiye olsayd\u0131 \u0130srail bunu yapamazd\u0131\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmu\u015f, M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131 M\u00fcbarek\u2019e Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131 \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fbakan bunlar\u0131 duyduk\u00e7a co\u015fmu\u015f, co\u015ftuk\u00e7a \u0130srail\u2019e daha sert \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flarda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Ne var ki Erdo\u011fan, g\u00fcrleyen ama ya\u011fmayan bulut misali, \u0130srail\u2019le diplomatik ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin kesilmesi, askeri anla\u015fmalar\u0131n feshedilmesi gibi konular\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131na bile almamaktad\u0131r. Tersine, Venezuela, Bolivya, Katar ve Moritanya \u0130srail\u2019le diplomatik ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerini keserken, Suriye ve \u0130ran t\u00fcm Arap devletlerine diplomatik ili\u015fkiyi kesme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yaparken, o, devlet adaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir: \u201cDevletler aras\u0131nda esas olan ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlard\u0131r\u201d, \u201cbek\u00e2ra kar\u0131 bo\u015famak kolayd\u0131r\u201d, \u201cbakkal d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 y\u00f6netmiyoruz\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n H\u00fck\u00fcmet s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Cemil \u00c7i\u00e7ek\u2019in, bir gazetecinin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce \u0130srail ile imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 167 milyon dolarl\u0131k silah al\u0131m\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 iptal edip etmeyece\u011fi sorusuna verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t, AKP\u2019nin ve TC\u2019nin konuya yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gayet g\u00fczel \u00f6zetlemektedir: \u201c\u00dclkeler aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fbirli\u011fi nedeniyle askeri ba\u011flar\u0131n kopar\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc askeri i\u015fbirli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet etmektedir.\u201d T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130srail aras\u0131ndaki askeri ve ticari ili\u015fkiler, ba\u015fbakan\u0131n sert a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla bozulamayacak kadar sa\u011flam bir zemine sahiptir. \u0130srail\u2019le \u201csavunma sanayii i\u015fbirli\u011fi\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen askeri anla\u015fmalar\u0131n parasal boyutu 1,8 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten Olmert de, \u201cher politikac\u0131 kamuoyunu rahatlatmak i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmak zorunda kal\u0131r\u201d diyerek, devletler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin i\u00e7 ya da d\u0131\u015f politika gere\u011fi yap\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla bozulamayacak kadar derin dinamiklerce ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ABD\u2019nin \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesinin \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rlerinden biridir ve TC\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerde att\u0131\u011f\u0131 her ad\u0131m bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Emperyalistle\u015fme d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcyle hareket eden T\u00fcrkiye, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun ABD emperyalizmi eliyle yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli siyasi akt\u00f6rlerinden biri olma gayretindedir. Gerek Musul-Kerk\u00fck meselesinde, gerek \u0130srail\u2019in L\u00fcbnan\u2019a sald\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilen emperyalist askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn (s\u00f6zde bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc) i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131nmas\u0131nda, gerekse \u015fimdilerde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019la Gazze aras\u0131nda konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan emperyalist g\u00fcc\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin komutas\u0131nda \u015fekillendirilmesi \u00e7abalar\u0131nda, bask\u0131n olan daima bu d\u00fcrt\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan Gazze\u2019ye silah ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130ran ve Suriye\u2019nin bu yoldan Hamas\u2019\u0131 silahland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla, Gazze-M\u0131s\u0131r s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na uluslararas\u0131 bir askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn yerle\u015ftirilmesini planl\u0131yorlar. Bunun ad\u0131na da \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u201d g\u00fcc\u00fc ya da \u201cg\u00f6zlemci\u201d g\u00fc\u00e7 diyorlar. Peki bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn i\u015flevi ve niteli\u011fi ne olacakt\u0131r? Egemenlerin, ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fini gizlemek i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu g\u00fcce insanlar\u0131n vicdanlar\u0131na seslenecek \u015fu ya da bu ad\u0131 koymalar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyor. \u00c7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki b\u00f6ylesi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 t\u0131pk\u0131 L\u00fcbnan\u2019da, Somali\u2019de, Afganistan\u2019da, Darfur\u2019da ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere emperyalist bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. \u0130\u015flevi ise Filistinlileri \u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan korumak de\u011fil aksine Gazze\u2019yi bir a\u00e7\u0131khava hapishanesi olarak tutmaya devam etmektir. Sava\u015f \u0130srail\u2019le Gazze aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu halde, s\u00f6z konusu birlik M\u0131s\u0131r s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6revi ise M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan Gazze\u2019ye \u0130srail\u2019in onay\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin ge\u00e7memesini sa\u011flamak olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle Filistin halk\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa ve sefalete mahk\u00fbm edilerek Hamas\u2019a isyan etmeye zorlan\u0131rken, Filistin\u2019in direnen en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fc olan Hamas\u2019\u0131n kolu kanad\u0131 da k\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan \u0130srail Filistin\u2019i diledi\u011fi politikalara zorlayabilecektir.<\/p>\n Kabul edilemez olan, bu emperyalist plana, sendikalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n da ortak edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor olu\u015fudur. Bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, g\u00f6zlemci g\u00fc\u00e7 vs. ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki bu t\u00fcr g\u00fc\u00e7leri ya da Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler gibi kurulu\u015flar\u0131, emperyalist niteliklerini perdeleyerek kurtar\u0131c\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek ve g\u00f6stermek, \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k ki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 burjuvaziye yedeklemekten \u00f6te bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin D\u0130SK, KESK gibi konfederasyonlar ve meslek odalar\u0131, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yay\u0131nlad\u0131klar\u0131 bir bildiriyle, \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve b\u00fct\u00fcn siyasal partileri BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nde varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye\u201d \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7inde yer alaca\u011f\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn hemen b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderilmesini\u201d talep ediyorlard\u0131. Fakat hi\u00e7bir konfederasyon, TC \u0130srail\u2019le diplomatik, ticari ve askeri ili\u015fkilerini kesene kadar bir genel grev \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye kalkmad\u0131 mesel\u00e2.<\/p>\n Oysa \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k ki, \u0130srail ancak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltece\u011fi vurucu eylemler (sekt\u00f6rel ya da genel grevler, kitlesel protesto g\u00f6sterilerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i devletlerin \u0130srail\u2019le ili\u015fkilerini kesmeye zorlanmas\u0131, bu \u00fclkeye giden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc silah ve m\u00fchimmat ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n fiilen durdurulmas\u0131 vs.) sayesinde bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulabilir. Bu noktada, ABD\u2019nin Yunanistan limanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u0130srail\u2019e g\u00f6nderece\u011fi 325 konteyner silah\u0131n sevkiyat\u0131n\u0131 liman\u0131 basarak engelleyen Yunan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerdeki \u00f6nemli eylemini vurgulamak gerekiyor. Filistin sorununun t\u00fcm b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir devrimci dinamik olu\u015fturdu\u011fu son \u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 vesilesiyle bir kez daha ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130srail katliam\u0131na sessiz kalmayarak sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclen y\u00fczbinlerce emek\u00e7i, b\u00f6lgedeki burjuva rejimlerin \u00f6dlerini koparm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rejimlerin, aya\u011fa kalkan emek\u00e7i kitleler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir fiskelik can\u0131 vard\u0131r ve buna Siyonist \u0130srail rejimi de dahildir.<\/p>\n \u0130srail\u2019in, son y\u0131llarda iyice keskinle\u015fen toplumsal \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin \u00fczerini \u00f6rtmek i\u00e7in kitleleri s\u00fcrekli bir k\u00e2bus atmosferinin i\u00e7inde ya\u015fatmas\u0131 bo\u015funa de\u011fildir. Artan i\u015fsizlik, yoksulluk, s\u0131k s\u0131k tekrarlanan genel grevler, binbir par\u00e7al\u0131 koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, yolsuzluk, tecav\u00fcz gibi y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 su\u00e7lardan yarg\u0131lan\u0131p koltu\u011funu terk etmek zorunda kalan cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131, ba\u015fbakanlar, diki\u015f tutmayan h\u00fck\u00fcmetler\u2026 T\u00fcm bunlar kitlelerin mevcut d\u00fczenden ho\u015fnutsuzluklar\u0131n\u0131n ve burjuvazinin y\u00f6netme sorunuyla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze oldu\u011funun ifadesidir. \u0130srail burjuvazisi, Filistinli \u201cter\u00f6ristlerin\u201d tehdidi alt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131, her an tepelerine Hamas roketleri inebilece\u011fini, Araplar\u0131n Yahudilerin can d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 oldu\u011funu, \u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla yok edilmek istendi\u011fini, kitleleri derin bir korku cehennemine hapsetmekte ve egemenli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin \u00e7aresini sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli k\u0131larak t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeye yaymakta bulmaktad\u0131r. Ne var ki, t\u00fcm bu bask\u0131, sindirme ve ger\u00e7ekleri karartma operasyonlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Yahudi i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin Siyonist rejime duyduklar\u0131 \u00f6fkelerinin artmas\u0131n\u0131n, sava\u015fmay\u0131 reddetmelerinin ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir muhalefet y\u00fckseltmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilememektedir.<\/p>\n \u0130srail\u2019in katliam operasyonundan sonra M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ayaklanma haberleri gelmi\u015ftir. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerden genel grev \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fckselirken, t\u00fcm bast\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen halk muhalefeti patlama noktas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130srail-ABD i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi M\u00fcbarek diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin y\u00fckselen tepkisini uzun zamand\u0131r polis ve asker g\u00fcc\u00fcyle bast\u0131rmaya u\u011fra\u015farak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ancak b\u00f6lgedeki her olay i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve emek\u00e7ilerin aya\u011fa kalkmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rebiliyor. Son \u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Gazze\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere toplanan yard\u0131m konvoylar\u0131na polisin sald\u0131rmas\u0131, g\u00f6sterilerin yasaklanmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6stericilerin g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, rejimin nas\u0131l bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermektedir. Sadece M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n de\u011fil, b\u00f6lgedeki t\u00fcm devletlerin, \u0130srail sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uzamas\u0131 durumunda ciddi halk ayaklanmalar\u0131yla y\u00fczy\u00fcze kalacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail\u2019e ate\u015f p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fcyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesinin \u00f6nemli bir nedeni de, \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckselen halk tepkisinin AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sallamas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektir.<\/p>\n Ya\u015fanan son vah\u015fet, b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n can d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131 Siyonist \u0130srail devletiyle ve onun arkas\u0131ndaki emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerle s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n ne kadar yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu bir kez daha g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin can d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak burjuvazi ve onun kapitalist-emperyalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemidir. On y\u0131llard\u0131r bar\u0131\u015f dolu g\u00fcnlere duyduklar\u0131 \u00f6zlemle ya\u015fayan Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n ve di\u011fer Ortado\u011fu halklar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00f6zlemlerine kavu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, burjuvazinin egemenli\u011findeki bir Ortado\u011fu\u2019da olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu her vesileyle tekrar tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu nedenledir ki, emperyalist senaryolar\u0131n sahneye koyulmas\u0131nda her g\u00fcn yeni bir a\u015famayla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Ortado\u011fu\u2019da, proleter devrim, bug\u00fcn her zamankinden daha yak\u0131c\u0131 ve daha hayati bir ihtiya\u00e7 olarak kendini dayat\u0131yor. \u201cT\u00fcm halklar\u0131n ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ayr\u0131lma haklar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn demokratik haklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birlik temelinde olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir Ortado\u011fu \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve Emek\u00e7i Sovyetleri Federasyonunun kurulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak bir Ortado\u011fu devrimi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, b\u00f6lgedeki sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131, ya\u015fayabilir, adil ve demokratik bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu ise ancak i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n enternasyonalist bilin\u00e7 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fckseltilmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Biz enternasyonalist kom\u00fcnistlere d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6rev, b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc enternasyonal d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve bu bilinci t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131makt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n llkay Meri\u00e7<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130srail ve Filistinliler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele d\u00fcnyada en uzun s\u00fcren ve patlamaya en yatk\u0131n anla\u015fmazl\u0131klardan birinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6keni, Akdeniz sahiliyle \u015eeria Nehri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede hak iddias\u0131na dayan\u0131yor. Son 100 y\u0131l Filistinlilere s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, askeri i\u015fgal ve onu izleyen kendi kaderini tayin etme hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi getirdi. Kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve ac\u0131lar\u0131na sebep olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri bir ulusla bir arada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4393","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-dunya"},"yoast_head":"\n
1929-1936 Araplar\u0131n tepkisi<\/p>\n
Filistin sorununun bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 devrimci dinamik<\/p>\n