{"id":4474,"date":"2010-04-14T09:47:56","date_gmt":"2010-04-14T06:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/04\/14\/fasist-hareketin-turkiye-siyasetindeki-rolu-burak-gurel\/"},"modified":"2010-04-14T09:47:56","modified_gmt":"2010-04-14T06:47:56","slug":"fasist-hareketin-turkiye-siyasetindeki-rolu-burak-gurel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/14\/fasist-hareketin-turkiye-siyasetindeki-rolu-burak-gurel\/","title":{"rendered":"Fa\u015fist hareketin T\u00fcrkiye siyasetindeki rol\u00fc | Burak G\u00fcrel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Son d\u00f6nemde yeni bir sald\u0131r\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f olan fa\u015fist harekete kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek en yanl\u0131\u015f tav\u0131r onun T\u00fcrkiye siyasetindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i bir ak\u0131m\u0131n temsilcisi olmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 saymak olacakt\u0131r. Oysa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki fa\u015fist hareket farkl\u0131 siyasi konjonkt\u00fcrlerde farkl\u0131 roller oynam\u0131\u015f, bu rollere uygun olarak ideolojik-politik konumunu yeniden \u00fcretmi\u015f ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdeki iktidar blo\u011fu ile ili\u015fkilenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Nazizmin fideli\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp serpilen fa\u015fist hareket, 1970\u2019lerin s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcnde sermayenin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine sald\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm mangalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, 1990\u2019larda ise T\u00fcrk \u015fovenizminin en keskin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, fa\u015fist hareketin y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bu \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemde oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rolleri do\u011fru anlamak gerekmektedir. Bu yaz\u0131 b\u00f6ylesi bir anlama \u00e7abas\u0131na katk\u0131 sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.
\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizmi<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nemi fa\u015fizmin \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir politik ak\u0131m olarak T\u00fcrkiye siyasetine dahil olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizmi bu d\u00f6nemde Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi cephesinde verdi\u011fi sava\u015f\u0131n seyrine uygun bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckselmi\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Nazilerin 22 Haziran 1941\u2019de Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne sald\u0131rmas\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ard\u0131 ard\u0131na ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etmesi T\u00fcrk hakim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrki k\u00f6kenli halklar\u0131 SSCB\u2019den kopar\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6nderli\u011finde birle\u015ftirmeye hevesli Pan-T\u00fcrkist bir e\u011filimin olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019na y\u00f6nelik sempatinin artmas\u0131 da ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme rastlar. G\u00fcnay G\u00f6ksu \u00d6zdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi \u201cSovyet topraklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Alman seferlerine ili\u015fkin olarak \u00f6zel diplomatik temaslarda dile getirilen resmi T\u00fcrk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn tarafs\u0131zl\u0131kla pek ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemezdi. 1941 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, von Papen\u2019e, asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fcn Sovyetler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan Alman ordular\u0131ndan yana oldu\u011funu bizzat s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Bir\u00e7ok parlamenterin ve bakan\u0131n (D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sara\u00e7o\u011flu dahil olmak \u00fczere), Almanlar\u0131n Sovyetler\u2019e sava\u015f ilan etmesini sadece ferahl\u0131kla de\u011fil, sevin\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda M\u00fcttefiklerin zaferini \u00fcmit eden T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda da Alman yanl\u0131s\u0131 bir tutuma y\u00f6neli\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u201d[1] Niyazi Berkes, d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin an\u0131lar\u0131nda \u201cAlman ordular\u0131n\u0131n [\u2026] Rusya\u2019y\u0131 yok etme yoluna girmesinin kesinle\u015fme zaman\u0131 gelince, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Almanya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de kesinle\u015fmi\u015f gibiydi\u201d demekte ve Nazi Almanyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi von Papen\u2019in Berlin\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 16 \u015eubat 1942 tarihli rapordaki \u201cKafkas cephesinde T\u00fcrklerin bizi destekleyeceklerine ku\u015fku yoktur\u201d c\u00fcmlesini aktararak iddias\u0131n\u0131 desteklemektedir.[2]<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye hakim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n Pan-T\u00fcrkizme do\u011fru bu y\u00f6nelimi elbette belirli s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 da i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. SSCB ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 bir durumda olursa olsun hen\u00fcz yenilmemi\u015fti ve T\u00fcrkiye Nazilerle ittifak halinde sava\u015fa dahil olmaya haz\u0131r de\u011fildi. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bu y\u00f6ndeki bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u201c\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ve \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi \u00fcst d\u00fczey politika y\u00f6neticileri, Alman yetkililerine, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Sovyet topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde herhangi bir hak iddias\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ndeki T\u00fcrki halklarla resmen ilgilendi\u011fi yolunda bir a\u00e7\u0131klama da yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler. Ancak yar\u0131-resmi kimi \u2018\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer\u2019 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc giri\u015fimlerin gayr\u0131 resmi bir yolla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine de itirazlar\u0131 yoktu.\u201d[3]<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki fa\u015fist hareket ise tam da bu \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer\u201din rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynamaya adayd\u0131. Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Nihal Ats\u0131z\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi, Reha O\u011fuz T\u00fcrkkan, Orhan Seyfi Orhon, R\u0131za Nur, Fethi Teveto\u011flu vb isimlerin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hareket, 1939 ile 1944 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ergenekon, G\u00f6k-B\u00f6r\u00fc, Tanr\u0131da\u011f, Orhun, \u00c7\u0131naralt\u0131, Kopuz vb dergileri de kullanarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin vakit kaybetmeden t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkleri tek bayrak alt\u0131nda toplayacak Turan seferine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi propagandas\u0131n\u0131 etkin bi\u00e7imde yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu dergiler, \u201c\u00f6zellikle Sovyet-Alman sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra, sava\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan yaz\u0131larla dolup ta\u015f\u0131yordu ve s\u00fcrekli \u2018T\u00fcrk Birli\u011fi\u2019 konusunu i\u015fliyorlard\u0131 [\u2026] \u00c7\u0131naralt\u0131\u2019nda yay\u0131nlanan bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fyaz\u0131, ya sava\u015flar\u0131n insanl\u0131k tarihindeki \u2018olumlu\u2019 rol\u00fcn\u00fc vurguluyor, ya da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u2018siyasal\u2019 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde kalan \u2018ulusal\u2019 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 okuyucular\u0131na hat\u0131rlat\u0131yordu. May\u0131s 1939 ile Temmuz 1942 tarihleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczensiz aral\u0131klarla yay\u0131nlanan Bozkurt ve onun ard\u0131ndan Ekim 1942 ve May\u0131s 1943 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan G\u00f6k-B\u00f6r\u00fc, militan bir dil kullanarak Mihver devletleri yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa girmeyi \u0131srarla savunuyorlard\u0131. Her iki dergi de ayr\u0131ca \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcne verdikleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla dikkat \u00e7ekiyorlard\u0131.\u201d[4]<\/p>\n

Fa\u015fist hareketin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 propagandas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015fi ve kurumlar \u201ckom\u00fcnist\u201d ve \u201cRus ajan\u0131\u201d ilan edilerek sindirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Fa\u015fist hareket, \u00f6zellikle Ats\u0131z ve T\u00fcrkkan aras\u0131ndaki liderlik m\u00fccadelesinin etkisiyle ciddi i\u00e7 gerilimler ya\u015fasa da, y\u00fckseli\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebildi. \u0130ktidar blo\u011fu i\u00e7inde \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu gibi kendisine yak\u0131n unsurlar\u0131n etkinliklerinin artmas\u0131 da fa\u015fistlerin i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fa\u015fist siyaseti g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir di\u011fer fakt\u00f6r de Nazilerin Pan-T\u00fcrkizme verdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k destekti. R\u0131dvan Turan\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi, \u201cT\u00fcrk Turanc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lge \u00fczerindeki ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da bilen Alman yetkililer, bizzat Hitler\u2019in emriyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Turanc\u0131lara vaatlerde bulunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131lar;\u201d ancak \u201cyine de Sovyetler \u00fczerindeki ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Turanc\u0131larla i\u015fbirli\u011fi\u201d yapmay\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bu i\u015fbirli\u011fini i\u015flevli k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in de \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Turanc\u0131lar\u0131 siyasal ve mali olarak desteklemek, devlet i\u00e7indeki etkinliklerini artt\u0131rmak ve b\u00f6ylece Alman \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na eklemlemek gerekiyordu. Bu nedenle Almanlar, bir k\u0131s\u0131m Turanc\u0131 fa\u015fisti Almanya\u2019ya davet ederek onlara kimi konulardaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini anlatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.\u201d[5] Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Nazi propagandas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki etkisini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda da s\u00f6z konusu i\u015fbirli\u011fi yatmaktad\u0131r. Turan\u2019\u0131n saptamas\u0131 da bu do\u011frultudad\u0131r: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcnsel ve genel bir de\u011ferlendirme ile Alman propagandas\u0131, hedefledi\u011fi ama\u00e7lar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne ula\u015famasa da, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de varolan fa\u015fist anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir hareket olarak organize olmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesi konusunda ciddi bir katk\u0131 sunmu\u015ftu […] Yerel olarak ise propaganda, yerel fa\u015fist anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n e\u011filimi ne y\u00f6nde ise bu e\u011filimi Fa\u015fist Alman ama\u00e7lar\u0131na eklemleyecek tarzdad\u0131r. Bu tarz\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ad\u0131 Turanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizmini yaratmak, diriltmek, desteklemek ve bir \u00fclke politikas\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir.\u201d[6]<\/p>\n

Tam da bu noktada \u015fu soruyu sormak gerekiyor: Alman ve T\u00fcrk fa\u015fistlerinin bu i\u015fbirli\u011finin siyasi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ne olmu\u015ftur? Bu soruya yan\u0131t arayan Berkes, \u201cayd\u0131nlar, bas\u0131n, profesyonel \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, parti i\u00e7indeki Nazi e\u011filimlilerden ba\u015fka orduda da bir k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00fcksek generaller ve bir\u00e7ok gen\u00e7 subay Nazi do\u011frultusunda bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fimi istiyorlar ve Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019nun ikide birde verdi\u011fi sinyaller de bunlara cesaret veriyordu. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131ndan genelkurmaya kadar (araya profesyonel Nazi ajanlar\u0131n\u0131 da koyarsak) bunlar\u0131n en \u00fcst kademesinin bile f\u0131rsat \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca o do\u011frultuya d\u00f6nmeye haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131\u201d saptamas\u0131n\u0131 yaparak fa\u015fist hareketin g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi nas\u0131l bir felaketin e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.[7] Peki, bu felaketin e\u015fi\u011finden nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc? Nazilerin Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de ba\u015flayan Sovyet kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1 \u015eubat 1943\u2019te Stalingrad cephesinde yenilmelerinin dengeleri SSCB lehine de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ve ard\u0131ndan 1944\u2019te Almanya\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015ftan yenik \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fmesi ile birlikte d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kalan T\u00fcrkiye hakim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 \u00f6nce Nisan 1944\u2019te Almanya\u2019ya krom ihracat\u0131n\u0131 kestiler, bir ay sonra da T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-Turanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 polis kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. S\u0131rf bu olay bile \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye devleti ile Alman fa\u015fizmi aras\u0131nda kurulan \u00f6zel ili\u015fkiyi ve T\u00fcrk fa\u015fizminin bu ili\u015fki \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fc ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k-Turanc\u0131l\u0131k Davas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye devletinin sava\u015f\u0131 kazanan taraflara verdi\u011fi bir mesajd\u0131.
1970\u2019lerdeki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin taraf\u0131 olarak fa\u015fist hareket<\/p>\n

1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda devlet eliyle geriletilen fa\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler 1947\u2019de devletin fa\u015fistlere itibarlar\u0131n\u0131 iade etmesinin ard\u0131ndan yeniden canlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak fa\u015fist hareketin 60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na de\u011fin ciddi bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6steremedi\u011fi de a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. 60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin ve solun y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 bu durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i K\u00f6yl\u00fc Millet Partisi\u2019nin Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f ve yanda\u015flar\u0131nca ele ge\u00e7irilmesi \u00f6nemli bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda hareketin \u00f6nde gelen isimleri olan D\u00fcndar Ta\u015fer, R\u0131fat Baykal ve Ahmet Er\u2019in y\u00f6netiminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde \u201ckomando kamplar\u0131\u201d a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Kamplar fa\u015fist hareketin sokak g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn askeri e\u011fitiminde \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fcler.[8] 1968-71 d\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm \u00fcniversitelerinde sol g\u00fc\u00e7lerle fa\u015fist hareket pek \u00e7ok kez kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. 12 Mart 1971\u2019deki askeri m\u00fcdahaleyi \u201cBozkurtlar\u0131n kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele vazifesini \u015ferefli Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler\u2019e devretti\u011fini\u201d yazan bildiri ile selamlayan fa\u015fist hareket, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin ve solun yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6revine kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam etti. 28 Kas\u0131m 1974\u2019te yap\u0131lan MHP Gen\u00e7lik Kollar\u0131 Kurultay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201ctekrar dirilmekte olan kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131\u201d eylem karar\u0131 almas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir i\u015faretti.[9] Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u201ckomando kamplar\u0131 da dirilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131;\u201d \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u201cK\u0131z\u0131lcahamam-Bolu aras\u0131nda kurulan kampta \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc gen\u00e7ler, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda Mu\u011fla komando kamp\u0131ndan yeti\u015fmi\u015f Mustafa Sami Ba\u015faran ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda silah kullanma, silah s\u00f6k\u00fcp takma, bomba yap\u0131m\u0131\u201d e\u011fitiminden ge\u00e7irildi.[10] Fa\u015fist hareketin askeri haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden ilk sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verecekti: \u201c1974 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra siyasal olaylarda \u00f6len ilk on ki\u015fi, t\u0131pk\u0131 1960\u2019larda oldu\u011fu gibi sol g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcyd\u00fc.\u201d[11]<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde fa\u015fist hareketin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zelli\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Fa\u015fist militanlar T\u00fcrk sermayesi taraf\u0131ndan yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7inde genellikle solun \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olmas\u0131 bu durumu \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Onlar, bu yolla i\u015f\u00e7ilerle de\u011fil \u2018kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131\u2019 m\u00fccadele ettiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe sahip olan d\u00f6nemin Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (D\u0130SK) ile Madeni E\u015fya Sanayicileri Sendikas\u0131 (MESS) aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelede \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler yo\u011fun \u015fekilde devreye giriyordu. Elbette bu hizmetlerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya partiye ve oca\u011fa y\u00fckl\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar ya da \u2018cep har\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 \u015feklinde al\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u201d[12] MHP itiraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Lokman Kondak\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 30 Mart 1979 tarihinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar sermaye ile fa\u015fist hareketin politik y\u00f6nelimi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r: \u201cCinayetler i\u00e7 harbe yarar genel ba\u015fkan da bunu bilir, yapmamas\u0131 gerekir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcn. Demek ki bu tip davran\u0131\u015flara onu itenler, etkileyenler vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015fadamlar\u0131 Murat Bayrak, Emin Cankurtaran, Ayd\u0131n Bolak bunlar \u00f6zellikle Murat Bayrak sola solun metoduyla cevap verilmezse bu i\u015f olmaz diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in bu \u00e7evrelerle m\u00fcnasebetleri iyiye gitmi\u015ftir, bunlar partiye yard\u0131mda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r […] Bunlar\u0131n T\u00fcrke\u015f bey \u00fczerinde y\u00fczde y\u00fcz etkisi vard\u0131r.\u201d[13] Konuya ili\u015fkin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnek ise T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in \u00f6zel doktoru Selim Kaptano\u011flu\u2019nun d\u00f6nemin MESS Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Turgut \u00d6zal ve Sak\u0131p Sabanc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n MHP ile ili\u015fkisine dair anlat\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. Kaptano\u011flu\u2019nun anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201c\u00d6zal-T\u00fcrke\u015f dostlu\u011fu 12 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar devam etti. \u00d6zal, s\u0131k s\u0131k T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in evine telefon ediyor ve \u2018Efendim, Semra ile size gelmek istiyoruz\u2019 diyerek emrivaki ziyaretler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu […] Bir g\u00fcn gene T\u00fcrke\u015f\u2019in kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu kez \u00d6zal patronu Sak\u0131p Sabanc\u0131 ile gelmi\u015fti. MHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na iltifat edip, \u2018Siz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck liderisiniz, kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131 dalgalanan bayraks\u0131n\u0131z\u2019 dedikten sonra Sabanc\u0131 ile birlikte getirdi\u011fi bond \u00e7antay\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131 ve i\u00e7indeki b\u00fcy\u00fck rakamlara ula\u015fan paray\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i harekete yard\u0131m olarak takdim etti. \u00d6zal, ba\u015fka i\u015fadamlar\u0131ndan da MHP\u2019ye para toplad\u0131.\u201d[14]<\/p>\n

Bu ili\u015fkilerin siyasi sonu ise D\u0130SK Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kemal T\u00fcrkler\u2019in ve pek \u00e7ok m\u00fccadeleci i\u015f\u00e7inin fa\u015fistlerce katledilmesi olmu\u015ftur. Fa\u015fist hareketin \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 militanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkisi olan anti-kapitalist s\u00f6yleminin i\u00e7i bo\u015flu\u011fu bu noktada a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131saca ifade etmek gerekirse, fa\u015fist hareketin 70\u2019lerde oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci rol\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 atomize etme ve devrimci\/sosyalist g\u00fc\u00e7leri yok etme amac\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.
1990\u2019larda fa\u015fizmin yeniden do\u011fu\u015fu<\/p>\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i hareketini ve sosyalist solu ezerken fa\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri de da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[15] Hareketin liderlik kadrosu ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcre i\u00e7in de olsa dinlenmeye al\u0131nd\u0131, militan kadrolar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise \u00e7ok daha sert \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131 12 Eyl\u00fcl \u015fokunun etkisi alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7iren fa\u015fist hareket, \u00f6zellikle SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1991 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda tekrar t\u0131rman\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7ti. Bu \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f hakim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n Pan-T\u00fcrkist ve neo-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politika y\u00f6nelimini g\u00fcndemlerine almalar\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furdu. Bu politikalar\u0131 40\u2019lardan bu yana savunan fa\u015fist hareketin hakim s\u0131n\u0131flar nezdindeki itibar\u0131 artt\u0131. Art\u0131k Orta Asya\u2019ya yap\u0131lan resmi ziyaretlerin heyetlerine hi\u00e7 bir resmi s\u0131fat\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrke\u015f de dahil ediliyor, kontrgerilla ve istihbarat servislerinin Orta Asya\u2019da tezgahlad\u0131klar\u0131 darbe giri\u015fimlerine fa\u015fist hareketin kadrolar\u0131 da aktif bi\u00e7imde kat\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i M\u00fccadelesi Tart\u0131\u015fma Defterleri\u2019nin ilki olan K\u0131z\u0131l Elma, Kanl\u0131 Elma-Avrasya\u2019da Yakla\u015fan Felaket ve T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap bu duruma \u015f\u00f6yle i\u015faret ediyordu: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye gizli servislerinin Mart 1995\u2019te Azerbaycan\u2019da, \u015eubat 1999\u2019da ise \u00d6zbekistan\u2019da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z darbeler d\u00fczenlemi\u015f oldu\u011fu, art\u0131k sa\u011f\u0131r sultan\u0131n bile duydu\u011fu olaylard\u0131r […] Nihayet T\u00fcrkiye politikas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pan-T\u00fcrkizmin iki \u00f6rg\u00fcte kan verdi\u011fi ortadad\u0131r: MHP ve kontrgerilla. Azerbaycan darbesinin alt\u0131ndan Abdullah \u00c7atl\u0131, \u00d6zbekistan darbesinden de Enver Altayl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye burjuvazisi T\u00fcrki d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde hegemonya politikas\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fa\u015fizm ve kontrgerilla devleti ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bi\u00e7imde g\u00fc\u00e7lenecektir.\u201d[16]<\/p>\n

90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda MHP\u2019ye g\u00fc\u00e7 katan bir di\u011fer ba\u015fl\u0131k K\u00fcrt meselesiydi. Etkileri bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde hissedilen \u015fovenizm asker cenazeleri, PKK kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6steriler ve K\u00fcrtlere sald\u0131r\u0131lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kitlesel hale geldi ve fa\u015fist hareketin k\u00e2r hanesine yaz\u0131ld\u0131.[17]<\/p>\n

28 \u015eubat 1997 tarihinde ordunun Refahyol h\u00fck\u00fcmetine bir t\u00fcr \u201cmuht\u0131ra\u201d vermesiyle ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, \u0130slami hareketin devlet eliyle (elbette bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde) geriletilmesinin \u00f6tesinde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilenleri burjuva d\u00fczeninin \u201claik\u201d ve \u201c\u0130slamc\u0131\u201d kamplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmaya, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle cami ile k\u0131\u015fla aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zde kampla\u015fman\u0131n taraf\u0131 olmaya zorluyordu. Alternatif bir i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i se\u00e7ene\u011finin ortaya konamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ko\u015fullarda MHP, hem camiyi hem de k\u0131\u015flay\u0131 g\u00f6zeten ve bunu TSK\u2019ya uyumlu bir bi\u00e7imde yapmaya azami bi\u00e7imde \u00f6zen g\u00f6steren siyasi performans\u0131 ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pan-T\u00fcrkizmin ve K\u00fcrt sorununa y\u00f6nelik \u015foven yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n MHP\u2019nin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi, parti ile b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayenin tekrar yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fki tesis edebilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Bora ve Can\u2019\u0131n da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdikleri gibi \u201cMHP \u00fcst y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 1990\u2019lar ortas\u0131nda, devlete oldu\u011fu gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayeye de itimat telkin etmeye b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi […] T\u00fcrke\u015f, 1994 yerel se\u00e7imlerinden sonra, \u201ci\u015f \u00e7evreleri\u201d ile temaslar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131, bir dizi i\u015fadam\u0131 derne\u011finde konu\u015fma yapt\u0131. Bu konu\u015fmalarda \u2018ihracat\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u2019 vb. liberal ilmihal unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ve K\u00fcrt meselesinde MHP\u2019nin kararl\u0131 tavr\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, genellikle laikli\u011fe de yer verdi. Ankara Sanayici ve \u0130\u015fadamlar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (AS\u0130AD) ba\u015fkan\u0131 Veli Sar\u0131toprak, MHP\u2019nin i\u015fadamlar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n timsali oldu. 1994 kongresinde MHP Genel Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilmesi, bu misyonuna verilen \u00f6nemi de simgeler. Sar\u0131toprak ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Milliyet\u00e7i Sanayici, \u0130\u015fadamlar\u0131 ve Y\u00f6neticiler Derne\u011fi\u2019nin (M\u0130S\u0130AD) kurulu\u015funa \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. M\u0130S\u0130AD \u00fcyeleri, \u2018Laik Cumhuriyet\u2019e, Atat\u00fcrk ilkelerine, h\u00fcr te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn ve liberal ekonominin g\u00fcc\u00fcne, insan haklar\u0131na ve hukuka, Misak-\u0131 Milli\u2019ye inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131\u2019 vurgulayarak, hi\u00e7 de militan olmayan bir milli burjuva profili \u00e7iziyorlard\u0131. M\u0130S\u0130AD\u2019\u0131n temel talepleri, neoliberal ilmihalin \u00e7ekincesiz bir tekrar\u0131ndan ibaretti: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fin ve ekonomiye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin ele\u015ftirisi, K\u0130T\u2019lerin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi, \u00e7ekirdek kadro d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fine son verilmesi, hisse senetlerinin al\u0131m\u0131na-sat\u0131m\u0131na devletin m\u00fcdahale etmemesi, vd.\u201d[18]
1999 Se\u00e7imleri ve sonras\u0131<\/p>\n

Neoliberalizmi ekonomi program\u0131n\u0131n asli unsuru haline getiren MHP, kitle ili\u015fkilerinde elbette daha farkl\u0131 bir yol izledi. Y\u00fczde 18 oy alarak patlama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 18 Nisan 1999\u2019daki genel se\u00e7imler \u00f6ncesinde \u201cyolsuzlu\u011fu ve yoksullu\u011fu\u201d ancak MHP\u2019nin bitirece\u011fi demagojisi yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131nda elbette Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n idam edilmesi ve K\u00fcrt sorununun \u201ck\u00f6k\u00fcnden halledilmesi\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri\u201d MHP\u2019nin ana g\u00fcndemini olu\u015fturdu. 1998 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131ndan 1999 Nisan\u2019\u0131na kadar sokakta K\u00fcrt av\u0131 yapmak dahil her t\u00fcrden \u015foven sald\u0131rganl\u0131k fa\u015fistlerce organize edildi.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7im zaferinin ard\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ya\u015fanan bahar havas\u0131 uzun s\u00fcrmedi. 2001 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda patlayan ekonomik kriz 18 Nisan se\u00e7imlerinde MHP\u2019yi desteklemi\u015f olan esnaf\u0131n ve i\u015fsizlerin MHP\u2019ye tepki duymas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 1999 A\u011fustos\u2019unda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Uluslararas\u0131 Tahkim Yasas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok neoliberal kar\u015f\u0131-reform yasas\u0131 ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler MHP\u2019nin orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00d6zellikle Abdullah \u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n idam ettirilmesinin ba\u015far\u0131lamamas\u0131 MHP\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik tepkileri b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc; Cem Uzan\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu Gen\u00e7 Parti\u2019nin sahneye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde y\u0131pranan MHP, 3 Kas\u0131m 2002\u2019deki genel se\u00e7imlerde bir \u00f6nceki se\u00e7imde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 oylar\u0131n yar\u0131dan \u00e7o\u011funu kaybederek y\u00fczde 8\u2019e geriledi ve parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131. Ancak \u015furas\u0131 \u00f6nemle kaydedilmelidir ki, DSP-MHP-ANAP koalisyonunu olu\u015fturan partilerin di\u011fer ikisi siyaset sahnesinden tasfiye olup bir daha kendilerine gelmeyi ba\u015faramazken, MHP 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n kazan\u0131m\u0131 olan \u00e7ekirdek oy taban\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza etti. 28 Mart 2004 tarihinde yap\u0131lan yerel se\u00e7imlerde il genel meclisi oylar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 10.5\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kartmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve prestij kayb\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu taban\u0131n geni\u015fleme e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Son g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fanan fa\u015fist sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ve anti-K\u00fcrt histerinin fa\u015fist hareketi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye aday oldu\u011fu da kaydedilmeli.
Sonu\u00e7<\/p>\n

40\u2019lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-Turanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 70\u2019lerin fa\u015fist ter\u00f6r\u00fcne ve 90\u2019lar\u0131n \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne de\u011fin fa\u015fist hareketin tarihi boyunca yakalayabildi\u011fi t\u00fcm y\u00fckseli\u015f trendleri kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. 40\u2019larda Nazilerle ittifak halinde Turan seferine \u00e7\u0131kma felaketinin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7abalayan fa\u015fistler, 70\u2019lerde \u00f6l\u00fcm mangalar\u0131 olu\u015fturarak i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve devrimci hareketi imhaya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, 90\u2019larda ise Pan-T\u00fcrkizm ve K\u00fcrt d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden sermaye d\u00fczeninin payandas\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu \u00f6zellikleriyle fa\u015fist hareket T\u00fcrkiye siyasetinin en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Tam da bu y\u00fczden, fa\u015fizmi yenilgiye u\u011fratman\u0131n yolu fa\u015fist m\u00fcdahalelere neredeyse ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelen burjuva siyasetine alternatif olabilecek bir i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i siyasetini in\u015fa etmekten ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n

Notlar:<\/p>\n

[1] G\u00fcnay G\u00f6ksu \u00d6zdo\u011fan, \u201cTuran\u201ddan \u201cBozkurt\u201da-Tek Parti D\u00f6neminde T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck (1931-1946) (\u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2002), sayfa: 138, 139.
[2] Niyazi Berkes, Unutulan Y\u0131llar (yay\u0131na haz\u0131rlayan: Ru\u015fen Sezer), (\u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 1997), s: 225, 226.
[3] \u00d6zdo\u011fan, s: 167.
[4] a.g.e, s: 170.
[5] R\u0131dvan Turan, Kurt Kapan\u0131-T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Fa\u015fizm (Ankara: \u00dctopya, 2001), s: 118.
[6] a.g.e, s: 121, 122.
[7] Berkes, s: 287, 288.
[8] \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 26 Ekim 1970 tarihinde d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Demirel\u2019e ve valilere sundu\u011fu \u201cTan\u0131tma Bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc-Nasyonal Sosyalizm\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporda \u201cKomando Kamplar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n F\u0131rt\u0131na Birlikleri\u201d isimli Nazi te\u015fkilatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir benzeri oldu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilerek [\u2026] Komando Kamplar\u0131\u2019ndaki g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde g\u00f6steriliyor: \u2018 (03.30 kalk\u0131\u015f ve temizlik, i\u00e7tima ve iyi g\u00fcnler, kamp yemini, sabah namaz\u0131, ko\u015fu, k\u00fclt\u00fcr fizik, sabah kahvalt\u0131s\u0131, dinlenme, judo, karate ve g\u00fcre\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f, mar\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck akt\u00fcalite ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00f6\u011fle namaz\u0131, \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fi, dini konularda sohbet, ikindi namaz\u0131, judo, karate ve g\u00fcre\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, serbest dinlenme, dini konularda sohbet, miting da\u011f\u0131tma ve d\u00fczenleme usulleri, ak\u015fam namaz\u0131 ve yeme\u011fi, ak\u015fam y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, yats\u0131 namaz\u0131, i\u00e7tima, iyi geceler ve yat\u0131\u015f (21.20-22.15).\u201d Necdet Pekmezci, Nur\u015fen B\u00fcy\u00fcky\u0131ld\u0131z, \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fcler-\u00d6teki Devletin \u015eehitleri (\u0130stanbul: Kaynak, 1999), s: 39.
[9] Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n, Do\u011fan Yurdakul, Reis-Gladio\u2019nun T\u00fcrk Tetik\u00e7isi (\u0130stanbul: Do\u011fan, 2003), s: 35.
[10] a.g.e, s: 37.
[11] a.g.e, s: 35. Bu noktada fa\u015fist hareketle kontrgerilla aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel ili\u015fkiyi de not etmekte yarar var. B\u00fclent Ecevit, kendisiyle yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6yle\u015fide \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cSar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f\u2019tayd\u0131m birlikte yemek yedi\u011fimiz komutana Kontr-Gerillay\u0131 sordum, \u2018var\u2019 dedi. O s\u0131rada \u00e7evrede dola\u015fan MHP \u0130l Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 g\u00f6stererek, \u2018Yoksa o da m\u0131..\u2019 diyecek oldum. General \u2018O ba\u015f\u0131nda\u2019 demez mi!\u201d 14 Ekim 1985 tarihli Cumhuriyet gazetesinden aktaran 12 Eyl\u00fcl ve T\u00fcrkiye Ger\u00e7e\u011fi-Devrimci Yol Savunmas\u0131 (derleyen: O\u011fuzhan M\u00fcft\u00fco\u011flu), (\u0130stanbul: Bire\u015fim, 2000), s: 75. Bah\u00e7elievler Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tetik\u00e7ilerinden Haluk K\u0131rc\u0131 da an\u0131lar\u0131nda kontrgerilla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmektedir: \u201c[..] O d\u00f6nemde onlara, baz\u0131 gen\u00e7 subaylar patlay\u0131c\u0131 getirmektedir. 70\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, PKK belas\u0131 hen\u00fcz ortal\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu. B\u00f6lgede, siyasi K\u00fcrt\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck hareketleri ve sol gruplar\u0131n te\u015fkilatlanma faaliyetleri vard\u0131. Milliyet\u00e7i te\u015fkilatlanma ve yap\u0131lanmalara ise 70\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren h\u0131z verilmi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte o arkada\u015flar\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131, bu hassas b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen milliyet\u00e7i te\u015fkilatlanmalar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan hemen sonra baz\u0131 gen\u00e7 subaylar\u0131n kendileriyle kontak kurdu\u011funu ve gerekli deste\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r [..] \u0130\u015fte bu ba\u011flamda, birileri, sa\u011f gruplar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur [..] Gizlenmesi gerekmeyen \u2018al g\u00fcl\u00fcm, ver g\u00fcl\u00fcm\u2019ler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Haluk K\u0131rc\u0131, Zaman\u0131 S\u00fczerken (\u0130stanbul: Burak, 1998), s: 32-35.
[12] Merdan Yanarda\u011f, MHP De\u011fi\u015fti mi?-\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc Hareketin Analitik Tarihi (\u0130stanbul: Genda\u015f, 2002), s: 164.
[13] Suat Parlar, Kontrgerilla K\u0131skac\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye (\u0130stanbul: Bibliotek, 1997), s: 396.
[14] \u0130rfan \u00dclk\u00fc, 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de T\u00fcrke\u015f-Doktoru Selim Kaptano\u011flu Anlat\u0131yor (Kamer Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995), s: 55. Aktaran Yanarda\u011f, s: 165.
[15] 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi fa\u015fist partiyi ve kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in dinlenmeye alsa da, fa\u015fist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme en az\u0131ndan iki sekt\u00f6rdeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f, hatta g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir. Birincisi devlet kadrolar\u0131ndaki \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir. Bu d\u00f6nemde ba\u015fta polis \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olmak \u00fczere, pek \u00e7ok resmi kurumda \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler etkilerini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130kinci alan ise fa\u015fist hareketin sermaye ile olan ili\u015fkilerinin bir alt kolu olan mafyatik ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc mafya 12 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli olgular\u0131ndan biridir. Bu noktada T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki eroin ticareti ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan Cengiz Erdin\u00e7\u2019e kulak vermek gerekiyor. Erdin\u00e7\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u201c\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc mafya asl\u0131nda 12 Eyl\u00fcl \u00f6ncesinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u2018spot\u2019 mafyatik ili\u015fkilerle do\u011fmu\u015ftu. 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131ndan sonra alt \u00fcst olan ekonomide banker skandal\u0131 gibi hadiselerden \u2018\u00e7ek ve senet tahsilat\u0131\u2019 gibi bir hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc do\u011fmu\u015f, cezaevinden \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fclerden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu i\u015fe giri\u015fmi\u015fti. \u00d6nceleri hem\u015ferilik ili\u015fkileriyle mafyaya dev\u015firilen \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc mangalar giderek kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131. Tahsilat i\u015fiyle ili\u015fkilerini ve \u00e7aplar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiren \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler bir s\u00fcre sonra hara\u00e7 alma, adam yaralama gibi klasik mafya faaliyetlerine de el att\u0131lar. 1985 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Babalar Operasyonu ve devletin \u2018uyu\u015fturucuyu ASALA ve b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcler sat\u0131yor\u2019 tezi yeralt\u0131nda K\u00fcrt mafyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 ve Karadenizlilere yol verilmesi bi\u00e7iminde ifade edilebilecek bir denge de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kapal\u0131\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki klasik Ermeni-Rum-S\u00fcryani bankerlerin tekeli de Kilisliler taraf\u0131ndan zorlan\u0131yordu. Devlet yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda d\u00fczenlemeye giri\u015fecekti. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada \u2018\u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc mafya\u2019 kritik bir rol oynamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u201d F. Cengiz Erdin\u00e7, Overdose T\u00fcrkiye-T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Eroin Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Politikalar (\u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2004), s: 267, 268.
[16] K\u0131z\u0131l Elma Kanl\u0131 Elma-Avrasya\u2019da Yakla\u015fan Felaket ve T\u00fcrkiye- \u0130\u015f\u00e7i M\u00fccadelesi Tart\u0131\u015fma Defterleri 1 (\u0130stanbul: \u00d6zne, 2000).
[17] MHP\u2019nin bu \u00fc\u00e7 eylem bi\u00e7imi hakk\u0131nda bkz: Tan\u0131l Bora, Kemal Can, Devlet ve Kuzgun-1990\u2019lardan 2000\u2019lere MHP (\u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2004), s: 103-113.
[18] a.g.e, s: 203, 204.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Son d\u00f6nemde yeni bir sald\u0131r\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f olan fa\u015fist harekete kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek en yanl\u0131\u015f tav\u0131r onun T\u00fcrkiye siyasetindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i bir ak\u0131m\u0131n temsilcisi olmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 saymak olacakt\u0131r. Oysa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki fa\u015fist hareket farkl\u0131 siyasi konjonkt\u00fcrlerde farkl\u0131 roller oynam\u0131\u015f, bu rollere uygun olarak ideolojik-politik konumunu yeniden \u00fcretmi\u015f ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdeki iktidar blo\u011fu ile ili\u015fkilenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4474","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-turkiye"},"yoast_head":"\nFa\u015fist hareketin T\u00fcrkiye siyasetindeki rol\u00fc | Burak G\u00fcrel - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/14\/fasist-hareketin-turkiye-siyasetindeki-rolu-burak-gurel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fa\u015fist hareketin T\u00fcrkiye siyasetindeki rol\u00fc | Burak G\u00fcrel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Son d\u00f6nemde yeni bir sald\u0131r\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f olan fa\u015fist harekete kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek en yanl\u0131\u015f tav\u0131r onun T\u00fcrkiye siyasetindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i bir ak\u0131m\u0131n temsilcisi olmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 saymak olacakt\u0131r. 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