H\u00fck\u00fcmdar’dan Se\u00e7kiler<\/strong><\/p>\n1-\u0130nsanlar \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kuran devlet ve iktidarlar\u0131n hepsi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de, ya cumhuriyet ya da krall\u0131k olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2-Ba\u015fka bir devleti ele ge\u00e7irme, bizzat ele ge\u00e7irenin ya da ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ordusuyla veya \u015fans\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla veya yetenek yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n
3-Veraset yoluyla h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan bir kral, asl\u0131nda halk\u0131n\u0131n ho\u015funa gitmeyecek durum ve zorunluluklarla daha az kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facakt\u0131r ve bu nedenden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc de daha fazla sevilecektir.<\/p>\n
4- bir iktidar\u0131n eskiye dayanmas\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcre i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 durumunda, \u00f6nceki yeniliklerin hat\u0131ras\u0131 da bunlar\u0131n nedenleri de silinir gider.<\/p>\n
5-\u0130nsanlar, yazg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi beklentisi i\u00e7inde h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi severler.<\/p>\n
6-zira ordular\u0131 ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olursa olsun bir kral\u0131n bir \u00fclkeye girebilmesi i\u00e7in o \u00fclke halk\u0131nca tutulmaya ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7-insanlar kendilerine verilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 zararlardan intikam almaya kalkarlar, ama verilen zarar \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011funda buna kalk\u0131\u015famazlar; bundan da \u015fu sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar: Bir insana zarar verilmesi s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bunu s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015finin intikam almas\u0131n\u0131 imkans\u0131z k\u0131lacak bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n
8-zaman her \u015feyi silip s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcr ve iyili\u011fi getirebilece\u011fi gibi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de getirebilir.<\/p>\n
9-Sahiplenme iste\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesiz ola\u011fand\u0131r ve insan do\u011fas\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu arzusunu tatmin etmeye kalk\u0131\u015fan herhangi biri, bunu ba\u015farabilecek imkanlara sahipse, bunun i\u00e7in ay\u0131planmaktan ziyade \u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr, ama bunu uygulamaya ge\u00e7iremeden sadece bunun hayalini kurmak hata yapmak anlam\u0131na gelir ve ay\u0131planmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
10-Bir di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar kendi kuyusunu kaz\u0131yor demektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 ya yetenek ya da kuvvet yoluyla elde edilir: Oysa ki bu unsurlardan her ikisi de bunlar\u0131 kullanan birisini di\u011ferinin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015f\u00fcpheli k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
11-T\u00fcrk imparatorlu\u011funun fethedilmesinde yatan zorluk, buna kalk\u0131\u015fan ki\u015finin bu monar\u015finin \u00f6nde gelenlerinden hi\u00e7bir surette davet alamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi padi\u015fah\u0131 \u00e7evreleyenlerin ayaklanmas\u0131ndan da medet umamayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda yatar.<\/p>\n
12-kazanan taraf\u0131n sava\u015ftan \u00f6nce nas\u0131l halktan umaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey yoksa zaferden sonra da onlardan korkacak bir \u015feyi olmaz.<\/p>\n
13-Fethedilen devletler kendi yasalar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr olarak ya\u015fama gelene\u011fine sahipseler, fatih h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n buralar\u0131 elinde tutmak i\u00e7in izleyece\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 yol vard\u0131r: Birincisi buralar\u0131 yak\u0131p y\u0131kmakt\u0131r; ikincisi bizzat oraya gidip yerle\u015fmektir; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise fethedilen devletlerin yasalar\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi b\u0131rak\u0131p buray\u0131 sadece vergiye ba\u011flamakla yetinip halk\u0131n sadakatini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere de kalabal\u0131k olmayan bir y\u00f6netim kadrosu kurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14-\u0130nsanlar hemen her zaman, daha \u00f6nce denenmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvururlar ve hemen her zaman taklit y\u00f6ntemi ile hareket ederler; ama hi\u00e7bir zaman kendilerinden \u00f6nceki ki\u015finin yolunu ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde izleyemezler veya taklit etmeye niyetlendikleri ki\u015finin erdemine ula\u015famazlar. Bunun i\u00e7in de kendilerine \u00f6rnek ve k\u0131lavuz olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck insanlar\u0131 se\u00e7meleri gerekir, b\u00f6ylece her ne kadar s\u00f6z konusu ki\u015filerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ve ba\u015far\u0131 derecelerine y\u00fckselemeseler de, hi\u00e7 olmazsa bunlara biraz yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olurlar.<\/p>\n
15-S\u0131radan bir vatanda\u015fken h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselen bir kimse ya becerikli ya da talihli bir ki\u015fidir: Talihine ne kadar az g\u00fcvenirse h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte o kadar \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ilave etmek istiyorum.<\/p>\n
16-\u0130srailliler’in M\u0131s\u0131r’da bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve k\u00f6le olarak ya\u015famas\u0131 gerekiyordu ki k\u00f6lelikten kurtulma arzusuyla Musa’y\u0131 izlemeye karar versinler.<\/p>\n
17-ger\u00e7ekten de, yeni kurumlar\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmekten daha g\u00fc\u00e7, ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli ve tehlikeli bir giri\u015fim de yoktur. Bu yola ba\u015f koyan kimse, eski kurumlardan faydalanan ki\u015filerin d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eker ve yenilerinden faydalanacak ki\u015filerden de ancak \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir destek sa\u011flar. Bu da, iki nedene dayan\u0131r: \u0130lki, bu insanlar\u0131n mevcut yasalar\u0131n deste\u011fini alan kar\u015f\u0131t taraftan duyduklar\u0131 korku, ikincisi de, herkeste ortak olan o g\u00fcvensizlik duygusudur; tecr\u00fcbesiyle ispatlanmad\u0131k\u00e7a yeniliklerin getirece\u011fi iyiliklere ku\u015fkuyla yakla\u015f\u0131rlar. Bundan dolay\u0131 da yeni kurumlara kar\u015f\u0131 olanlar sald\u0131r\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulduklar\u0131nda bunu partizanl\u0131k ate\u015fiyle yaparlarken di\u011ferleri s\u00f6n\u00fck bir bi\u00e7imde kendilerini savunurlar; bu y\u00fczden de bunlarla sava\u015fmak tehlikelidir.<\/p>\n
18-\u015e\u00fcphesiz, Musa, Keyh\u00fcsrev, Thesea ve Romulus silahs\u0131z olsalard\u0131 olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre muhafaza edemezlerdi.<\/p>\n
19-insan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dehaya ve erdeme sahip olmad\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckmetmeyi bilmesi \u00e7ok az bir olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131radan bir vatanda\u015f olarak ya\u015famaya al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20-\u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kurulmu\u015f olan devletler do\u011fadaki \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcyen t\u00fcrleri and\u0131r\u0131rlar: Bunlar, ilk f\u0131rt\u0131nada devrilmelerini engelleyecek kadar yeterince derine k\u00f6k salamazlar ve yeterince kuvvetli tutanamazlar;<\/p>\n
21-insanlar\u0131 birbirine d\u00fc\u015fman eden \u00f6zellikle duyduklar\u0131 kin ve korkudur.<\/p>\n
22-Y\u00fcksek konumdaki ki\u015filerin kendilerine sunulan yeni hizmetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 eski haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 unutacaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek bir hatad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
23-Kendi halk\u0131n\u0131 katletmenin, dostlar\u0131na ihanet etmenin, imans\u0131z, ac\u0131mas\u0131z, dinsiz olman\u0131n erdemli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek imkans\u0131zd\u0131r: Bu t\u00fcr yollarla g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanabilir fakat \u015fan kazan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n
24-\u00c7ekingenlik veya yanl\u0131\u015f tavsiyeler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde davranan ki\u015fi eli hep k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131nda olmaya mecburdur.<\/p>\n
25-eski ve yeni haks\u0131zl\u0131klarla devaml\u0131 huzursuzluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan halka hi\u00e7bir zaman g\u00fcvenilmez.<\/p>\n
26-Zalimce eylemlerin hepsinin bir arada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir; b\u00f6ylece insanlar daha az ac\u0131 \u00e7ekeceklerinden dolay\u0131, halk aras\u0131nda daha az k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa neden olacakt\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k iyilikler yava\u015f\u00e7a birbirini izlemelidir ki tad\u0131na daha iyi var\u0131labilsin.<\/p>\n
27-h\u00fck\u00fcmdar halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek bir tutum i\u00e7inde\u00a0 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer iyilik veya k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck i\u00e7in mecbur olmay\u0131 beklerseniz, \u00f6yle bir an gelir ki zaten k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe de vaktiniz olmaz veya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z iyilikten de bir \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flayamazs\u0131n\u0131z, zira bunu mecburen yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek size bunun i\u00e7in m\u00fcte\u015fekkir olmazlar.<\/p>\n
28-iki z\u0131t e\u011filim vard\u0131r: Halk ne soylular\u0131n boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131na girmek ister ne de onlar\u0131n kendilerini ezmesini; \u00f6te yandan se\u00e7kinler ise halk\u0131 y\u00f6netmek ve bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutmak ister. S\u00f6z konusu z\u0131t e\u011filimler \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 sonu\u00e7tan birini do\u011furur: Ya h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k, ya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ya da anar\u015fi.<\/p>\n
29-Soylular halka \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flayamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce kendi aralar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z sahibi birine ko\u015farlar ve onu h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckseltirler, b\u00f6ylece onun g\u00f6lgesinde h\u0131rslar\u0131n\u0131 tatmin ederler.<\/p>\n
30-soylular\u0131n, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na yap\u0131lacak birtak\u0131m haks\u0131zl\u0131klar veya bunlara zarar vermek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n memnun edilmesi imkans\u0131zd\u0131r;<\/p>\n
31-Soylular ezmeyi, halk ise sadece ezilmemeyi ister.<\/p>\n
32-Halk\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan, halk\u0131n dostlu\u011funu korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu ba\u015farmak da olduk\u00e7a kolayd\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc halk\u0131n tek arzusu bask\u0131dan uzak ya\u015famakt\u0131r. Soylular\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla ve halk\u0131n iradesine kar\u015f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan ki\u015finin ise her \u015feyden evvel halk\u0131 korumas\u0131 alt\u0131na almas\u0131 yeterli olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla alan birisine k\u0131yasla halktan daha \u00e7ok sevgi ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6recektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey beklemedikleri ki\u015filerden biraz iyilik g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde bunlara daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir minettarl\u0131kla ba\u011flan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
33-Falanca bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, huzur ortam\u0131na ve halk\u0131n kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcne muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlere g\u00fcvenip buna g\u00f6re davranmakla hataya d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu t\u00fcr zamanlarda herkes onun i\u00e7in \u00f6lmeye can at\u0131yordur. \u00d6l\u00fcm sadece uzak bir olas\u0131l\u0131k olarak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece herkes bunun i\u00e7in birbiriyle adeta yar\u0131\u015f\u0131r; ama tehlike an\u0131nda, halk\u0131n deste\u011fine ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fu zamanlarda h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde onu savunacak pek az insan kalacakt\u0131r. Bunu zaten tecr\u00fcbe de g\u00f6sterebilir, ama bu o derece tehlikeli bir tecr\u00fcbedir ki ikinci defas\u0131 olmayabilir. Bundan dolay\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar biraz dehaya sahipse, halk\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ko\u015fulda ve her zaman halk\u0131n kendisine muhta\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim \u015fekli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeli ve bunu kurmal\u0131d\u0131r: B\u00f6ylece halk\u0131n hep kendisine sad\u0131k kalmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
34-\u0130nsanlar hi\u00e7bir ba\u015far\u0131 p\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckmeksizin zor i\u015flere girmeyi sevmezler.<\/p>\n
35-\u0130ster eski, ister yeni, ister karma olsun her devletin esas alaca\u011f\u0131 temeller, iyi kanunlar ve iyi silahlard\u0131r. \u0130yi silahlar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde iyi kanunlar olmayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ve bunun tersine, iyi silahlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu yerde de iyi kanunlar olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in burada sadece silahlardan bahsetmeyi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n
36-Bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n devletini savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011fi ordu ya kendisine aittir, ya paral\u0131d\u0131r, ya yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir ordudur ya da karmad\u0131r; paral\u0131 ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 ordular fayda sa\u011flamad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi tehlike de arz ederler. Kuvvetini sadece paral\u0131 askerlerden alan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, hi\u00e7 bir zaman g\u00fcvenlikte ve huzurlu olamayacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr ordular aras\u0131nda birlik yoktur; ihtirasl\u0131, disiplinsiz, sadakatsizdirler ve dostlara kar\u015f\u0131 yi\u011fit, d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 korkak kesilirler. Bunlarda ne Tanr\u0131 korkusu ne de insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 iyi niyet bulunur. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar ancak, d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 erteleyebildi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e yok olmaktan kurtulabilecektir. Bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda bu ordular taraf\u0131ndan ve sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda da d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan soyulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bunun nedeni, bu t\u00fcr askerlerin hi\u00e7 bir hissi ba\u011f olmadan sadece az bir ayl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda silah ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr bir para ise \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015fi i\u00e7in \u00f6lmeye karar vermelerini sa\u011flamaz. Sava\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a asker olmaktan haz al\u0131rlar, ama sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda da sadece sava\u015f alan\u0131nda ka\u00e7may\u0131 ve firar etmeyi bilirler.<\/p>\n
37-Kendinizi kazanamayacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz m\u00fc k\u0131lmak istiyorsunuz? \u00d6yleyse, paral\u0131 askerlerden \u00e7ok daha tehlikeli olan yard\u0131mc\u0131 ordular\u0131 kullan\u0131n, ger\u00e7ekten de bu sonuncularla sonunuzu kolayca haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olursunuz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kuvvetler sizden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n emrinde olmada birliktirler ve zaten b\u00f6yle de yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. Paral\u0131 askerlerin ise size kar\u015f\u0131 gelmeleri ve galip geldikten sonra sizi y\u0131kmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla zamana ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131rsatlara ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r: Bunlar kesinlikle birlik i\u00e7inde de\u011fildirler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015f olan ve paralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyen sizsinizdir. Bundan dolay\u0131 da, ba\u015flar\u0131na getirdi\u011finiz komutan kim olursa olsun bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kurup onlar\u0131 hemen size kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, paral\u0131 askerlerin al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yard\u0131mc\u0131 ordular\u0131nsa cesaretinden korkmak gerekir. Bu nedenle de, ak\u0131ll\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar bu iki t\u00fcr orduyu kullanmay\u0131 her zaman reddetmi\u015f, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ordular\u0131yla galip gelmektense kendi ordular\u0131yla yenilmeyi her zaman tercih etmi\u015flerdir ve yabanc\u0131 kuvvete bor\u00e7lu olacaklar\u0131 zaferleri de hi\u00e7bir surette ger\u00e7ek bir zafer olarak kabul etmezler.<\/p>\n
38-Kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcze dayal\u0131 olmayan bir iktidardan daha dayan\u0131ks\u0131z daha ge\u00e7ici ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur.<\/p>\n
39-Bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar tarih okumal\u0131 ve \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filerin hareketlerini, bunlar\u0131n sava\u015ftaki tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 incelemeli, kazand\u0131klar\u0131 zaferlerin ve yenilgilerin nedenlerini aramal\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece neleri \u00f6rnek almas\u0131 ve nelerden de ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini incelemelidir. \u00d6zellikle de bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fahsiyetin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc birka\u00e7 eski \u00e7a\u011f kahraman\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek al\u0131p bunlar\u0131n hareketlerini ve t\u00fcmden gidi\u015fatlar\u0131n\u0131 her zaman g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 izleyece\u011fi kurallar olarak benimsemelidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in Akhilleus’u, Sezar’\u0131n ise \u0130skender’i ve Afrikal\u0131 Scipio’nun Keyh\u00fcsrev’i \u00f6rnek ald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n
40-Sava\u015f ve sava\u015fla ilgili kural ve kurumlar, bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n kafas\u0131nda ve uygulamas\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken tek \u015feydir, hatt\u00e2 i\u015finin bu olmas\u0131 yerinde olur; y\u00f6neten ki\u015finin ger\u00e7ek mesle\u011fi budur, \u00f6yle ki bu sayede do\u011fu\u015ftan h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar yerlerinde tutunabilir, s\u0131radan vatanda\u015flar da \u00e7o\u011fu kez h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselebilir. Silah\u0131 savsaklay\u0131p, kendisini sefahatin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131na veren h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n devletlerini kaybettikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sava\u015f sanat\u0131ndan nefret etmek y\u0131k\u0131ma giden ilk ad\u0131msa bu sanata m\u00fckemmelen sahip olmak da iktidara y\u00fckselmenin yoludur.<\/p>\n
41-Silahl\u0131 olan\u0131n sil\u00e2hs\u0131za kendi r\u0131zas\u0131yla itaat etmesi mant\u0131ks\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi silahs\u0131z bir efendinin silahl\u0131 hizmetk\u00e2rlar aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir zaman g\u00fcvenlikte olamayaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Biri; ku\u015fku i\u00e7indedir \u00f6tekiler de incinen gururlar\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131d\u0131r; birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6yle duygular besleyenler birarada pek iyi ya\u015fayamazlar.<\/p>\n
42-Bazen erdem olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen baz\u0131 niteliklerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n sonunu haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kusur olarak kabul edilen baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve iyili\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Eserleri<\/strong>
<\/strong><\/p>\nPolitika ve Tarih<\/strong><\/p>\n * Floransa’da Komplolar ve Kar\u015f\u0131-komplolar Tarihi
* Sava\u015f Sanat\u0131
* Titus Livius’un \u0130lk On Y\u0131l\u0131 \u00dczerine S\u00f6ylev
* Castruccio Castracani da Luca’n\u0131n Ya\u015fam\u0131 (Daha \u00e7ok roman \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r)<\/p>\n
Edebi eserleri
<\/strong>
* Adamotu (Kitap)
* Alt\u0131n E\u015fek
* Ba\u015fdiyakoz Belfagor
* Prens (H\u00fck\u00fcmdar)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Niccol\u00f2 di Bernado dei Machiavelli (Makyavel olarak da bilinir) (3 May\u0131s 1469 \u2013 21 Haziran 1527) Tarih ve politika biliminin kurucusu say\u0131lan Floransal\u0131\u00a0 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, devlet adam\u0131, askeri stratejist, \u015fair, oyun yazar\u0131. \u0130talyan R\u00f6nesans\u00a0 hareketinin en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerindendir. En \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri Prens’te, politik yaz\u0131n\u0131n tarihinde ilk kez iktidar\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 gibi bir sorunu dinsel ya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4488","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-felsefe-genel"},"yoast_head":"\n
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![](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/27\/Santi_di_Tito_-_Niccolo_Machiavelli%27s_portrait_headcrop.jpg\")
Niccol\u00f2 di Bernado dei Machiavelli (Makyavel olarak da bilinir) (3 May\u0131s 1469 \u2013 21 Haziran 1527) Tarih ve politika biliminin kurucusu say\u0131lan Floransal\u0131\u00a0 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, devlet adam\u0131, askeri stratejist, \u015fair, oyun yazar\u0131. \u0130talyan R\u00f6nesans\u00a0 hareketinin en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerindendir. En \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri Prens’te, politik yaz\u0131n\u0131n tarihinde ilk kez iktidar\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 gibi bir sorunu dinsel ya da ahlaki kayg\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate almaks\u0131z\u0131n kendinde bir ama\u00e7 olarak inceledi. T\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca \u0130talya’n\u0131n birli\u011fi ideali i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele verdi. Fikirleri politik yaz\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi yayg\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte de giderek b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn olumsuz ve ilkesiz bir politik h\u0131rs\u0131n anlat\u0131m\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc, “Makyavelizm” terimi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sisteminden \u00e7ok “ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in her yolu m\u00fcbah g\u00f6ren” politikac\u0131n\u0131n tutumunu anlatan su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131fat haline geldi. Yine de Diderot, Rousseau, Fichte ve Hegel gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler Machiavelli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin olumlu y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Hegel’e g\u00f6re “Machiavelli’nin gayesi, yani \u0130talya’n\u0131n bir devlet mertebesine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, bu yazar\u0131n eserinde tiranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesinden ve muhteris bir despot i\u00e7in imal edilmi\u015f alt\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 bir aynadan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmeyen b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6rme \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fclerce anla\u015f\u0131lamadan kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” Hegel O’nun y\u00f6ntemini \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetler: “kangren olmu\u015f uzuvlar lavanta suyuyla iyile\u015ftirilemez.” \u0130talyan\u00a0 kom\u00fcnist filozof Antonio Gramsci ise O’nu “erken gelmi\u015f Jakoben” olarak tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n