{"id":4509,"date":"2010-04-22T11:23:20","date_gmt":"2010-04-22T08:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/"},"modified":"2010-04-22T11:23:20","modified_gmt":"2010-04-22T08:23:20","slug":"magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u011fara Mitosu | DEVLET – Eflatun"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/img.donanimhaber.com\/upfiles\/808989\/A2F2C0B27BF84893AD600CD53162DAC7.jpg\")
\u2015 \u015eimdi dedim, insan denen yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimle ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ve ayd\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. Bunu \u015f\u00f6yle bir benzetmeyle anlatay\u0131m: Yeralt\u0131nda ma\u011farams\u0131 bir yer, i\u00e7inde insanlar. \u00d6nce boydan boya \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan bir giri\u015f\u2026 \u0130nsanlar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan beri ayaklar\u0131ndan, boyunlar\u0131ndan zincire vurulmu\u015f, bu ma\u011farada ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ne k\u0131m\u0131ldayabiliyor, ne de burunlar\u0131n\u0131n ucundan ba\u015fka bir yer g\u00f6rebiliyorlar. \u00d6yle s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flar ki, kafalar\u0131n\u0131 bile oynatam\u0131yorlar. Y\u00fcksek bir yerde yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ate\u015f par\u0131ld\u0131yor arkalar\u0131nda. Mahpuslarla ate\u015f aras\u0131nda dimdik bir yol var. Bu yol boyunca al\u00e7ak bir duvar, hani \u015fu kukla oynatanlar\u0131n seyircilerle kendi aras\u0131nda koyduklar\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde marifetlerini g\u00f6sterdikleri b\u00f6lme var ya, onun gibi bir duvar. B\u00f6yle bir yeri getirebiliyor musun g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Getiriyorum.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bu al\u00e7ak duvar arkas\u0131nda insanlar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. Ellerinde t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u00e7lar, tahtadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, insana, hayvana ve daha ba\u015fka \u015feylere benzer kuklalar ta\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyler, b\u00f6lmenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Gelip ge\u00e7en insanlar\u0131n kimi konu\u015fuyor, kimi susuyor.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Garip bir sahne do\u011frusu ve garip mahpuslar!<\/p>\n
\u2015 Ama t\u0131pk\u0131 bizler gibi! Bu durumdaki insanlar kendilerini ve yanlar\u0131ndakini nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Ancak arkalar\u0131ndaki ate\u015fin ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ma\u011farada kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na vuran g\u00f6lgeleri g\u00f6rebilirler, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u00d6m\u00fcrleri boyunca ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 oynatamad\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc olamaz.<\/p>\n
\u2015 B\u00f6lmenin \u00fcst\u00fcnden gelip ge\u00e7en b\u00fct\u00fcn nesneleri de \u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015e\u00fcphesiz.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015eimdi bu adamlar aralar\u0131nda konu\u015facak olurlarsa, g\u00f6lgelere verdikleri adlarla ger\u00e7ek nesneleri anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131rlar, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u00d6yle ya.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bu zindan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir de yank\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. Ge\u00e7enlerden biri her konu\u015ftuk\u00e7a, mahpuslar bu sesi kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndaki g\u00f6lgenin sesi sanmazlar m\u0131?<\/p>\n
\u2015 San\u0131rlar tabi.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bu adamlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ek, yapma nesnelerin g\u00f6lgelerinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olamaz ister istemez, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u0130ster istemez.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015eimdi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn: Bu adamlar\u0131n zincirlerini \u00e7\u00f6zer, bilgisizliklerine son verirsen, her \u015feyi oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerse, ne yaparlar? Mahpuslardan birini kurtaral\u0131m; zorla aya\u011fa kald\u0131ral\u0131m; ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirelim, y\u00fcr\u00fctelim onu; g\u00f6zlerini \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa kald\u0131rs\u0131n. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu hareketler ona ac\u0131 verecek. G\u00f6lgelerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nesnelere g\u00f6z\u00fc kama\u015farak bakacak. Ona demin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u015feyler sadece ho\u015f g\u00f6lgelerdi, \u015fimdiyse ger\u00e7e\u011fe daha yak\u0131ns\u0131n, ger\u00e7ek nesnelere daha \u00e7evriksin, daha do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsun, dersek; \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7en her \u015feyi birer birer ona g\u00f6sterir, bunlar\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu sorarsak n eder? \u015ea\u015f\u0131rakalmazm\u0131? Demin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feyler, ona \u015fimdikilerden daha ger\u00e7ek gibi gelmez mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Daha ger\u00e7ek gelir.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Ya onu ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ta kendisine bakmaya zorlarsak? G\u00f6zlerine a\u011fr\u0131 girmez mi? Boyuna ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bakabildi\u011fi \u015feylere \u00e7evirmez mi? Kendi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feyleri, sizin g\u00f6sterdiklerinizden daha a\u00e7\u0131k, daha se\u00e7ik bulmaz m\u0131?<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u00d6yle san\u0131r\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Onu zorla al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrsek, dik ve sarp yoku\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya, g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcklesek, can\u0131 yanmaz, kar\u015f\u0131 koymaz m\u0131 bize? G\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6zleri kama\u015f\u0131p bizim \u015fimdi ger\u00e7ek dedi\u011fimiz nesnelerin hi\u00e7birini g\u00f6remeyecek hale gelmez mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u0130lkin bir \u015fey g\u00f6remez herhalde.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Yukar\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 g\u00f6rmek isterse, buna al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Rahat\u00e7a g\u00f6rebildi\u011fi ilk \u015feyler g\u00f6lgeler olacak. Sonra, insanlar\u0131n ve nesnelerin sudaki yans\u0131lar\u0131, sonra da kendileri. Daha sonra da, g\u00f6zlerini yukar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p, g\u00fcne\u015ften \u00f6nce y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131, ay\u0131, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc seyredecek.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Herhalde.<\/p>\n
\u2015 En sonunda da, g\u00fcne\u015fi; ama art\u0131k sularda, ya da ba\u015fka \u015feylerdeki yans\u0131lar\u0131yla de\u011fil, oldu\u011fu yerde, oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u00d6yle olsa gerek.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u0130\u015fte ancak o zaman anlayabilir ki, mevsimleri, y\u0131llar\u0131 yapan g\u00fcne\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fcnyay\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f d\u00fczenler. Ma\u011farada onun ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri her \u015feyin as\u0131l kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bu de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6rg\u00fclerden sonra, varaca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 bu olur elbet.<\/p>\n
\u2015 O zaman ilk ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeri, orada bildiklerini, zindan arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlay\u0131nca, haline \u015f\u00fckretmez, orada kalanlara ac\u0131maz m\u0131?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Elbette.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Ya orada birbirlerine verdikleri de\u011ferler, \u00fcnler? Gelip ge\u00e7en \u015feyleri en iyi g\u00f6ren, ilk veya son ge\u00e7enleri, ya da hepsini en iyi akl\u0131ndan tutup, gelecek \u015feylerin ne olabilece\u011fini en do\u011fru kestirmenin elde etti\u011fi kazan\u00e7lar? Ma\u011faradan kurtulan adam art\u0131k onlara imrenir mi? O \u00fcnleri, o kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flayanlar\u0131 k\u0131skan\u0131r m\u0131? O bo\u015f hayallre hilleus gibi, \u201cfakir bir \u00e7ift\u00e7inin hizmetinde u\u015fak olmay\u0131\u201d, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn dertlerine katlanmaktan bin kere daha iyi bulmaz m\u0131?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bence bulur; her mihneti kabul eder de bir daha d\u00f6nmez o hayata.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bir de \u015funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn: Bu dedi\u011fimiz adam yeniden ma\u011faraya d\u00f6n\u00fcp eski yerini alsa; g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lan g\u00f6zleri karanl\u0131klara dayanabilir mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Dayanamaz.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Daha g\u00f6zleri karanl\u0131klara al\u0131\u015fmadan, ki kolay kolay da al\u0131\u015famaz, yeniden bu karanl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, zincirlerden hi\u00e7 kurtulmam\u0131\u015f mahpuslarla g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri \u00fczerinde tart\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalsa herkes g\u00fclmez mi ona? Yukar\u0131ya, bo\u015fu bo\u015funa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, \u00fcstelik de g\u00f6zlerini bozup d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f demezler mi? Bu adam onlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye, yukar\u0131ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeye kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131nca, ellerinden gelse, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmezler mi onu?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Hi\u00e7 \u015fa\u015fmaz, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015eimdi, sevgili Glaukon, bu benzetmeyi demin s\u00f6ylediklerimize uydural\u0131m. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen d\u00fcnya ma\u011fara zindan\u0131 olsun. Ma\u011faray\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan ate\u015f de g\u00fcne\u015fin yery\u00fcz\u00fcne vuran \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u00dcst d\u00fcnyaya \u00e7\u0131kan yoku\u015f ve yukar\u0131da seyredilen g\u00fczellikler de, ruhun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler d\u00fcnyas\u0131na y\u00fckseli\u015fi olsun. Benim nereye varmak istedi\u011fimi merak ediyordun ya, i\u015fte bu benzetmeyle onu iyice anlam\u0131\u015f olursun. \u0130nsan onu kolay kolay g\u00f6remez. G\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in de, d\u00fcnyada iyi ve g\u00fczel ne varsa, hepsinin ondan geldi\u011fini anlam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. G\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fcnyada \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratan ve da\u011f\u0131tan odur. Kavranan d\u00fcnyada da do\u011fruluk ve kavray\u0131\u015f ondan gelir. \u0130nsan ancak onu g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f hayat\u0131nda bilgece davranabilir.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kadar\u0131yla ben de senin gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Peki, \u015funu da benim gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u00f6yleyse: \u0130yiye y\u00fckselmi\u015f olanlar\u0131n insan i\u015flerini ele almaya istekli olmamalar\u0131, hep o y\u00fcksek yerlerde kalmaya can atmalar\u0131, hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak \u015fey de\u011fildir. Benzetmemizi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak, b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yle.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015euna da \u015fa\u015fmamal\u0131: Tanr\u0131sal d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 seyretmi\u015f bir kimse, insan hayat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn ger\u00e7eklerine inince, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n ve g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 bir hale d\u00fc\u015fer. Karanl\u0131klara al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilkin her \u015feyi bulan\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, mahkemelerde, \u015furada burada do\u011frunun g\u00f6lgeleri, ya da bu g\u00f6lgelerin yans\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmalara girip de, do\u011frulu\u011fun kendisini hi\u00e7bir zaman g\u00f6rmemi\u015f olanlar\u0131n yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmek zorunda kal\u0131rsa, herkes yad\u0131rgar onu, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Buna hi\u00e7 \u015fa\u015fmam.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Ama akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olan bilir ki, insan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc iki kar\u015f\u0131t sebepten, iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc bulan\u0131r. Biri ayd\u0131nl\u0131ktan karanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fte olur, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc de karanl\u0131ktan ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fte. Onun gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce de bir \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik g\u00f6remeyince, buna g\u00fclecek yere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeli: Acaba daha \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyadan gelip karanl\u0131klara al\u0131\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mi, yoksa bilgisizlikten ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa var\u0131p a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir parlakl\u0131kla kama\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mi bulan\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcyor g\u00f6z? Birincisi, \u00f6v\u00fclecek, ikincisi ac\u0131nacak bir haldir. Karanl\u0131\u011fa al\u0131\u015famayan g\u00f6z, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyadan geliyor demektir. Ona g\u00fclersek, g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 oluruz. \u00d6tekineyse hakk\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r g\u00fclmek.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bu ay\u0131rma pek yerinde.<\/p>\n
\u2015 B\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00f6ylediklerimiz do\u011fruysa, onlardan \u015fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz: E\u011fitim bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131n sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Onlara g\u00f6re e\u011fitim, bilgiden yoksun bir ruha bilgi koymakt\u0131r. K\u00f6r g\u00f6zlere g\u00f6rme g\u00fcc\u00fc vermek gibi.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u00d6yle derler ger\u00e7ekten.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Oysa ki, bizim konu\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z da \u015funu g\u00f6steriyor: Her ruhta bir \u00f6\u011frenme g\u00fcc\u00fc ve bu i\u015fe yarayan bir \u00f6rgen vard\u0131r. G\u00f6z\u00fcn karanl\u0131ktan ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evrilmesi i\u00e7in nas\u0131l b\u00fct\u00fcn bedenin birden d\u00f6nmesi laz\u0131msa, bu \u00f6rgenin de b\u00fct\u00fcn ruhla birlikte ge\u00e7i\u00e7i \u015feylere s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcp varl\u0131\u011fa bakabilmesi, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcne, \u201ciyi\u201d dedi\u011fimiz y\u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7evrilebilmesi gerekir, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Evet.<\/p>\n
\u2015 E\u011fitim, ruhun bu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, \u201ciyi\u201dden yana \u00e7evirme ve bunun i\u00e7in en kolay, en \u015fa\u015fmaz yolu bulma sanat\u0131d\u0131r. Yoksa ruhta g\u00f6rme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc vermek de\u011fil; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 onda kendili\u011finden vard\u0131r; ama k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6ne \u00e7evriktir. Bak\u0131lmayacak yana bakmakt\u0131r. E\u011fitim onu yaln\u0131z iyi yana y\u00f6neltir.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Bana da \u00f6yle geliyor.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015eimdi ruhun \u00f6teki g\u00fc\u00e7lerini beden g\u00fc\u00e7lerine e\u015f sayabiliriz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler ilkin eksik de olsa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla, al\u0131\u015fmayla elde edilebilir. Ama, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme g\u00fcc\u00fc bir ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Tanr\u0131sal bir \u015feyler vard\u0131r onda. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 hi\u00e7bir zaman yok olmaz; ancak, ona verilen y\u00f6ne g\u00f6re ya yararl\u0131 ve k\u00e2rl\u0131 olur, ya da yarars\u0131z ve zararl\u0131. Belal\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz haydutlara dikkat etmi\u015fsindir. Kafalar\u0131 ne kadar iyi i\u015fler, ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri \u015feyleri ne kadar iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri keskindir ama, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn emrine girmi\u015ftir. Onun i\u00e7in de ne kadar keskin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc olurlarsa, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri de o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Do\u011fru.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015eimdi diyelim ki, tabiat\u0131n b\u00f6yle yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ruhu daha \u00e7ocukluktayken de\u011fi\u015ftiriyoruz. Zevklerin, keyiflerin, heveslerin, t\u00fcrl\u00fc isteklerin ruha sard\u0131\u011f\u0131, zamanla geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 kesip at\u0131yoruz. Bunlardan kurtulan ruhu do\u011frudan yana \u00e7eviriyoruz. O zaman bu ruh kimde olursa olsun, e\u011frilikleri g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla do\u011frulu\u011fu da g\u00f6recektir.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Hakl\u0131s\u0131n.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015eunda da hakl\u0131 de\u011fil miyim: B\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00f6ylediklerimize g\u00f6re, ne e\u011fitimsiz, bilgisiz insanlar, ne de \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini bilgi yoluna koyanlar devleti y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye elveri\u015flidir. Birinciler yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015flere y\u00f6n verecek bir \u00fclk\u00fcleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ikinciler de devlet i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmak istemeyecekleri i\u00e7in; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar, d\u00fcnyada bulunabilecekleri mutlu \u00fclkeyi bulmu\u015f sayarlar kendilerini.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Do\u011fru.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u00d6yleyse, se\u00e7kin insanlar\u0131 en y\u00fcksek sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyin bilgisine do\u011fru y\u00f6neltmek, onlar\u0131 karanl\u0131klardan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak, devletin kurucular\u0131 olan bizlere d\u00fc\u015fer. Ama o y\u00fcce kata y\u00fckselip de iyiyi doyas\u0131ya seyretmi\u015f kimseleri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi kendi hallerine b\u0131rakmayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Ne demek istiyorsun?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Yukar\u0131da durakalmas\u0131nlar, ma\u011faradaki mahpuslar aras\u0131na d\u00f6ns\u00fcnler, onlar\u0131n i\u015flerini \u00fczerlerine al\u0131p, verecekleri mevkileri, \u015ferefleri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemesinler.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Ama bunu yapmakla, haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemi\u015f, onlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn bir hayat s\u00fcrmeye zorlam\u0131\u015f, daha mutlu bir durumdan ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmaz m\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n
\u2015 Unutuyorsun ki dostum, kanunlar\u0131n kayg\u0131s\u0131 birtak\u0131m yurtta\u015flara \u00f6tekilerden \u00fcst\u00fcn bir mutluluk sa\u011flamak de\u011fil, yurtta\u015flar\u0131 ya inand\u0131rarak, ya zorlayarak birle\u015ftirmek, her birine toplum i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi i\u015f pay\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131rmak, b\u00f6ylece b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumu birden mutlulu\u011fa g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektir. Devlet se\u00e7kin yurtta\u015flar yeti\u015ftirmeye u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorsa, bu onlar\u0131n keyiflerince ya\u015fay\u0131p, dilediklerini yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, devlet d\u00fczenini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmaya yard\u0131m etmeleri i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n
\u2015 Do\u011fru, bunu unutmu\u015fum.<\/p>\n
\u2015 \u015eunu unutma ki, Glaukon, biz de kendi yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz filozoflara kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z davranmayaca\u011f\u0131z; durumlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na bek\u00e7ilik etmelerini isterken, hakl\u0131 sebepler g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz onlara. \u015e\u00f6yle diyece\u011fiz: \u00d6teki devletlerde filozoflu\u011fa y\u00fckselen ki\u015filerin politika g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerine kar\u0131\u015fmamalar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar, devletlerinin iste\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kendi kendilerini yeti\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. \u0130nsan kendi kendini yeti\u015ftirip de ekme\u011fini kimseye bor\u00e7lu olmad\u0131 m\u0131, hi\u00e7 kimseye de hesap vermek zorunda de\u011fildir. Ama, biz sizi kendi yarar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar, devletin yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in, ar\u0131 kovanlar\u0131ndaki beyler gibi olman\u0131z i\u00e7in, yeti\u015ftirdik. Size \u00f6teki filozoflardan daha geni\u015f,daha olgun bir e\u011fitim verdik. Sizi, felsefeyi devlet i\u015fleriyle uzla\u015ft\u0131rabilecek bir hale getirdik. Siz de s\u0131ras\u0131 gelince, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n oturdu\u011fu yere inmek, karanl\u0131k k\u00f6\u015felere g\u00f6zlerinizi al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak zorundas\u0131n\u0131z.karanl\u0131\u011fa al\u0131\u015f\u0131nca, siz onlardan bin defa daha iyi g\u00f6receksiniz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, g\u00fczelin, do\u011frunun, iyinin ger\u00e7ek \u00f6rneklerini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funuz i\u00e7in, kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan her yans\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131 bileceksiniz! B\u00f6ylece bizim devlet d\u00fczenimiz sizin i\u00e7in de, bizim i\u00e7in de ger\u00e7ek bir varl\u0131k olacak; bug\u00fcnk\u00fc devletlerin \u00e7o\u011funda oldu\u011fu gibi, bir r\u00fcya de\u011fil. Bu devletlerin ba\u015f\u0131ndakiler, g\u00f6lgeler \u00fcst\u00fcne birbiriyle cenkle\u015fmede, sanki ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nimetmi\u015f gibi,kim ba\u015fa ge\u00e7ecek diye birbirlerini yemektedirler. Do\u011fru olansa \u015fudur: Bir devlette ba\u015fa ge\u00e7enler, ba\u015fa ge\u00e7meyi az isteyenler oldu mu, dirli\u011fin de, d\u00fczenin de en iyisi olarak var demektir. Ba\u015ftakilerin b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdeyse tam tersine ne dirlik vard\u0131r, ne d\u00fczen.<\/p>\n
DEVLET
Platon (Eflatun)
\u00c7evirenler:
Sabahattin EYUBO\u011eLU – M.Ali C\u0130MCOZ
T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131
2. Bas\u0131m, Eyl\u00fcl 2000, Sf. 183-188, (514a \u2013 520d)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u2015 \u015eimdi dedim, insan denen yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimle ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ve ayd\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. Bunu \u015f\u00f6yle bir benzetmeyle anlatay\u0131m: Yeralt\u0131nda ma\u011farams\u0131 bir yer, i\u00e7inde insanlar. \u00d6nce boydan boya \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan bir giri\u015f\u2026 \u0130nsanlar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan beri ayaklar\u0131ndan, boyunlar\u0131ndan zincire vurulmu\u015f, bu ma\u011farada ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ne k\u0131m\u0131ldayabiliyor, ne de burunlar\u0131n\u0131n ucundan ba\u015fka bir yer g\u00f6rebiliyorlar. \u00d6yle s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flar ki, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4509","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-felsefe-genel"},"yoast_head":"\n
Ma\u011fara Mitosu | DEVLET - Eflatun - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ma\u011fara Mitosu | DEVLET - Eflatun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2015 \u015eimdi dedim, insan denen yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimle ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ve ayd\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. Bunu \u015f\u00f6yle bir benzetmeyle anlatay\u0131m: Yeralt\u0131nda ma\u011farams\u0131 bir yer, i\u00e7inde insanlar. \u00d6nce boydan boya \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan bir giri\u015f\u2026 \u0130nsanlar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan beri ayaklar\u0131ndan, boyunlar\u0131ndan zincire vurulmu\u015f, bu ma\u011farada ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. 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Bunu \u015f\u00f6yle bir benzetmeyle anlatay\u0131m: Yeralt\u0131nda ma\u011farams\u0131 bir yer, i\u00e7inde insanlar. \u00d6nce boydan boya \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan bir giri\u015f\u2026 \u0130nsanlar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan beri ayaklar\u0131ndan, boyunlar\u0131ndan zincire vurulmu\u015f, bu ma\u011farada ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ne k\u0131m\u0131ldayabiliyor, ne de burunlar\u0131n\u0131n ucundan ba\u015fka bir yer g\u00f6rebiliyorlar. \u00d6yle s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flar ki, […]","og_url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/","og_site_name":"narteks.net","article_published_time":"2010-04-22T08:23:20+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/img.donanimhaber.com\/upfiles\/808989\/A2F2C0B27BF84893AD600CD53162DAC7.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Tar\u0131k","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@narteks","twitter_site":"@narteks","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Tar\u0131k","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"12 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/"},"author":{"name":"Tar\u0131k","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca"},"headline":"Ma\u011fara Mitosu | DEVLET – Eflatun","datePublished":"2010-04-22T08:23:20+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/"},"wordCount":2377,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/img.donanimhaber.com\/upfiles\/808989\/A2F2C0B27BF84893AD600CD53162DAC7.jpg","articleSection":["Felsefe (Genel)"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/22\/magara-mitosu-devlet-eflatun\/","name":"Ma\u011fara Mitosu | DEVLET - 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