{"id":4513,"date":"2010-04-26T09:28:55","date_gmt":"2010-04-26T06:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/"},"modified":"2010-04-26T09:28:55","modified_gmt":"2010-04-26T06:28:55","slug":"dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem, Avrupa katolik d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, modern d\u00fcnyay\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olaylar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00fcnlere rastlar. Daha XIV. ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, katolik Kilisesinin kat\u0131 dogmalar\u0131na, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve haks\u0131z zenginli\u011fine, derebeylik d\u00fczeninin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli tarikatlar\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde, yer yer ba\u015f g\u00f6steren ayaklanmalar Avrupa’y\u0131 ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa saran bir nitelik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir yandan Kilisenin, bir yandan da kral kuvvetlerinin bast\u0131r\u0131p ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tarikat ayaklanmalar\u0131, ba\u015fka ba\u015fka yerlerde, ba\u015fka adlarla yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenip harekete ge\u00e7iyordu. \u0130\u015fte, Bohemya’da uzun s\u00fcre etkin olan Picard’lar ya da Adamist’ler! \u0130\u015fte, \u0130talya, Fransa ve Almanya’da \u00abinsan\u0131n bu d\u00fcnyada mutlu olmas\u0131n\u0131\u00bb isteyen Beggard’lar! \u0130\u015fte, \u0130ngiltere’deki Wyclif’\u00e7iler, orta Avrupa’daki Hus’cular! B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tarikatlar, dinsel yenilikler yan\u0131nda, daha hakl\u0131 bir toplumsal d\u00fczen kurma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7indeydiler. Hus’cular\u0131n bir kolu olan Taborit’ler, dinsel t\u00f6renlerin bir \u00e7o\u011funu atmakla kalm\u0131yor, din reformunu mal ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanan toplumsal bir devrimle tamamlamak istiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte, Campanella bu toplumcu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften, bu devrimci ilkelerden yola \u00e7\u0131kar ve \u00abBen do\u011facak yeni sabahlar\u0131n \u00e7an sesiyim\u00bb der. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, ufukta beliren bu yeni sabah\u0131 g\u00f6remeyecektir. Ama, onun ad\u0131 felsefe ve sosyal doktrinler tarihinde, bir m\u00fcjdeci olarak, ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Campanella, \u0130talya’da Calabria b\u00f6lgesinde Stilo kasabas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya geliyor. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftan, \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2s\u0131 ve okumaya olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tutkunlu\u011fuyla dikkati \u00e7ekiyor. On \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli konular \u00fcst\u00fcne \u015fiirler yaz\u0131yor, uzun uzun s\u00f6ylevler veriyor. On be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda Cosenza dominiken manast\u0131r\u0131na giriyor ve orada Aquino’lu ermi\u015f Augustinus’un \u00ab\u015eomma Theologica\u00bbs\u0131n\u0131 defalarca okuyor. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden manast\u0131rda okumad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eser kalm\u0131yor. Bilgiye olan susuzlu\u011funu bir \u015fiirinde \u015f\u00f6yle dile getiriyor: \u00abD\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn kitaplar\u0131 doyuramaz kafam\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131. Neler neler okumad\u0131m! Ama yine de kafam\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcyorum… Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m artt\u0131k\u00e7a, bilgim eksiliyor…\u00bb
Dinsel konulardan az zamanda b\u0131kan Campanella, felsefeye veriyor kendini. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130talyan filozofu Telesio’da arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nderi buluyor. Do\u011fruyu kitaplardan \u00e7ok, tabiat\u0131n g\u00f6zleminde arayan Telesio, Aristoteles’in b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 etkileyen felsefesine kar\u015f\u0131 tabiat felsefesini savunuyordu. Bu ama\u00e7la da Academia Telesiana ad\u0131yla bir felsefe derne\u011fi kurmu\u015ftu. Telesio’nun temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u015fuydu: Bilim soyut kavramlardan de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ek varl\u0131klardan yola \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131d\u0131r; deney, bilimin ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 gereken temel kurald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Campanella yirmi iki ya\u015f\u0131nda ilk eserini yaz\u0131yor. Bu, Telesio’yu d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmak ve Aristoteles felsefesini \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmek amac\u0131yla kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Philosophia sensibus demostratat’t\u0131r. Eser cizvitlerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fruyor. Sapk\u0131nl\u0131k ve b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fckle su\u00e7lanan Campanella, Papa’n\u0131n emriyle Cosenza’dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p Stilo’ya d\u00f6nmek zorunda kal\u0131yor. Stilo manast\u0131r\u0131nda bo\u015f vakitlerini okumak, bilgisini artt\u0131rmakla de\u011ferlendiren Campanella, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden \u00abbu dar ve karanl\u0131k hapis-evinden\u00bb ka\u00e7\u0131yor. On y\u0131l, \u0130talya’y\u0131 ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa dola\u015f\u0131yor. Venedik’te Galile’yle, daha bir \u00e7ok tarih\u00e7i ve filozofla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. U\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle, k\u00f6r inan\u00e7larla sava\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130talya’n\u0131n hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, sava\u015fkan ve kararl\u0131, Stilo’ya d\u00f6n\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Campanella’n\u0131n hayat dram\u0131 burada ba\u015fl\u0131yor. 1600’lerde b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcney \u0130talya, \u0130spanya’n\u0131n bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi haline gelmi\u015fti. \u00d6zellikle Calabria b\u00f6lgesi, din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n elinde daha da yoksulla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir yandan enkizisyon vah\u015feti, bir yandan yoksulluk, toplumsal isteklere yol a\u00e7maktayd\u0131. K\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezleri olan kitapl\u0131klar ve akademiler kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Serbest d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce manast\u0131rlarda bar\u0131nabiliyordu ancak.<\/p>\n

Yurdunu \u0130spanyol boyunduru\u011fundan kurtarmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Campanella bir ayaklanma tertiplemeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Pietro Giannone \u00abNapoli Tarihi\u00bb adl\u0131 eserinde bu ayaklanma i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u00abCampanella yeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve cumhuriyet tasar\u0131lar\u0131yla az kals\u0131n Calabria’n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne getirecekti. Krall\u0131klar\u0131 yeni bir d\u00fczene sokmaya, toplumlar\u0131 y\u00f6netecek anayasalar koymaya kadar ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc i\u015fi.\u00bb Anla\u015f\u0131lan, Campanella, sonradan hapiste yazaca\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi’nin toplum d\u00fczenini daha o zamandan tasarlam\u0131\u015f, politik ayaklanmay\u0131, daha \u00f6nceki sapk\u0131n tarikatlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, toplumsal bir reformla tamamlamaya kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Papa Paulus V, Urbanus VII, Bacon ve Richelieu gibi astrolojinin \u00f6zel etkilerine inanan Campanella, y\u0131ld\u0131zlardaki birtak\u0131m belirtilere bak\u0131p, d\u00fcnya y\u00fcz\u00fcnde, \u00f6zellikle Napoli krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve Calabria’da devrimler olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Dinsel ve toplumsal alanda gerekli sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini bir\u00e7ok manast\u0131r rahiplerine benimsetmi\u015fti. Giannone’ye bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n rahip bu ayaklanmaya kat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir \u00e7ok vaiz halk\u0131n aras\u0131na girip \u00ab\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe kavu\u015fmak, parayla insan kan\u0131 ak\u0131tan, yoksullar\u0131 ezen kral adamlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fkencelerine son vermek i\u00e7in birle\u015fmeye\u00bb \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlar onu. Napoli’li bir\u00e7ok soylularla birlikte bir hayli piskopos da bu ayaklanmay\u0131 destekliyor. Bu ara, bir T\u00fcrk donanmas\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 da sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ama, ayaklanma \u00f6nceden haber al\u0131narak \u00f6nleniyor ve bir T\u00fcrk gemisine ka\u00e7mak \u00fczere anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 bekleyen Campanella bir kul\u00fcbede yakalanarak Napoli’ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. At\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hapisevinde korkun\u00e7 i\u015fkencelere u\u011fruyor. \u00abAtheimus triumphatus\u00bb adl\u0131 eserinin \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde Campanella \u00e7ekti\u011fi i\u015fkenceleri \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:\u00abElli hapisevine girdim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m. Yedi kez, t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici i\u015fkencelere u\u011frad\u0131m. Son i\u015fkence k\u0131rk saat s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bedenimi iplerle s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 sar\u0131p kan revan i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Ellerimi arkaya ba\u011flay\u0131p, sivri bir kaz\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne salland\u0131rd\u0131lar beni. K\u0131rk saat sonra beni \u00f6ld\u00fc sand\u0131lar, i\u015fkenceyi durdurdular. \u0130\u015fkencecilerimden baz\u0131lar\u0131, daha da can\u0131m\u0131 yakmak i\u00e7in, as\u0131l\u0131 bulundu\u011fum ipi habire oynat\u0131yor, boyuna k\u00fcf\u00fcr savuruyorlard\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da, \u00abYaman adam, do\u011frusu\u00bb demekten kendilerini alam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Hi\u00e7 bir \u015feyle sarsamad\u0131lar, alt edemediler beni, bir tek s\u00f6z bile alamad\u0131lar a\u011fz\u0131mdan.1 Tam alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcren bir hastal\u0131ktan, bir mucizeyle kurtulduktan sonra, bir \u00e7ukura att\u0131lar beni. On be\u015f ay kald\u0131m orada. Sonra yarg\u0131\u00e7 \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131m. \u00d6nce bana: \u00ab\u00d6\u011frenmedi\u011fin \u015feyi nas\u0131l bilebilirsin? \u015eeytan m\u0131 var senin emrinde?\u00bb diye sordular. Ben de: \u00abBildiklerimi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in, sizin i\u00e7ti\u011finiz \u015faraplar\u0131n on misli kandil ya\u011f\u0131 harcad\u0131m\u00bb diye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdim. \u00dc\u00e7 D\u00fczmeci adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 yazmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131lar beni. Oysa, ben daha d\u00fcnyaya gelmeden bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bu kitap. Beni Demokritos’un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini benimsemekle, kiliseye kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca duygular beslemekle, din kurallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131lar. G\u00fcne\u015f’te, Ay’da ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlarda devrimleri haber veren belirtileri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcp ayaklanmalar haz\u0131rlamakla, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sonsuz ve bozulmaz g\u00f6steren Aristoteles’e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131lar beni. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, beni t\u0131pk\u0131 Jeramiah gibi, havas\u0131z, \u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z bir \u00e7ukura t\u0131kad\u0131lar.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Campanella’n\u0131n hapislik hayat\u0131 yirmi yedi y\u0131l s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. B\u00f6ylesine uzun bir i\u015fkence hayat\u0131na Campanella gibi ruh ve kafaca sa\u011flam, inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda sars\u0131lmaz bir insan dayanabilirdi ancak. Nitekim i\u015fkencecilerine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 hep havada kal\u0131yor, onlardan ne ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyor, ne de yard\u0131m bekliyor. \u0130stedi\u011fi tek \u015fey, kitap, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve kalem; yani, kafas\u0131n\u0131 beslemek ve kafas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya sa\u00e7mak.<\/p>\n

Campanella’n\u0131n hapis hayat\u0131 1626’da sona eriyor. \u0130spanya kral\u0131 Philip III’\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra (1621), papa Urbanus VIII \u2018in be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00e7abas\u0131yla serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p Roma’ya gidiyor. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden, pusuda bekleyen d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fruyor ve Frans\u0131z el\u00e7isinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla Fransa’ya ka\u00e7\u0131yor. Kardinal Richelieu ve Louis XIII.’den yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve yard\u0131m g\u00f6ren Campanella \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Paris’te dominiken manast\u0131r\u0131nda sessiz ve rahat, ge\u00e7iriyor. 1639’da, yetmi\u015f bir ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Campanella,hemen hepsi L\u00e2tince olan say\u0131s\u0131z eserler yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Felsefe tarihinde Campanella’n\u0131n ad\u0131, Aristoteles felsefesinin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ve deneysel y\u00f6ntemin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bacon’dan \u00f6nce, fizik alan\u0131nda, g\u00f6zlem olmadan, varsay\u0131mlar deneylemeyle kontrol edilmeden sa\u011flam hi\u00e7 bir bilgiye var\u0131lamaz, diyen o olmu\u015ftur (G. Fonsgrive), Calabria’l\u0131 filozof, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, felsefeyle tanr\u0131bilimi birbirinden ay\u0131rmak gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ona g\u00f6re, felsefe duygu ve ak\u0131l yoluyla var\u0131lan tabiat bilgisidir, \u0130ncil’se imanla tabiat-\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131may\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinmi\u015ftir. Tabiat\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda ondan faydalanmak anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi halde, tanr\u0131bilim sadece ruhun kurtulu\u015fuyla ilgilenmektedir. Onun i\u00e7in, felsefe, tabiat\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma olarak, Kutsal kitaplar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kendini kurtarmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bu kitaplar\u0131n b\u00f6ylesi bilgiyle hi\u00e7 bir ili\u015fkisi yoktur. Ayr\u0131ca felsefe, kendini insandan (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Aristoteles’ten) gelen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc otoriteden de kurtarmal\u0131d\u0131r. (Bruna Widmar)<\/p>\n

Felsefe eserlerinin de\u011feri ne denli b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa olsun, Carnpanella’dan bug\u00fcne kalan, ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftiren \u015fey, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki, G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi’nde dile getirdi\u011fi toplumsal bir d\u00fczen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. \u0130lk defa Utrecht’de 1643’de bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi, (Civitas Solis), Platon’un Devlet’i ve Thomas More’un Utopia’s\u0131yla ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerinde, insano\u011flunu mutlu bir ya\u015fay\u0131\u015fa kavu\u015fturma yolundaki isteklerin en temiziyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi, Campanella’n\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc filozof\u00e7a bir devlet tasar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Campanella b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, insan\u0131n kendinden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemesinde, d\u00fcnya mal\u0131n\u0131n benim senin diye b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesinde buluyor. Ona g\u00f6re, insanlar, genel yarar kaygusundan uzak olduklar\u0131 s\u00fcrece, kendi dar \u00e7evrelerinde, kendilerinden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezler. Oysa, toplum halinde birle\u015fen insanlar\u0131n amac\u0131 genel yarar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 kald\u0131ral\u0131m, toplum yarar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey kalmaz ortada. Bencil davran\u0131\u015flar, eninde sonunda, toplum g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Oysa bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin genel yarara y\u00f6nelmesi, g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda tutarl\u0131 bir denge yarat\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in, G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi’nde her \u015fey devletin, genel yarar\u0131n buyru\u011fu alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ama, denilecektir ki, \u00f6zel mal m\u00fclk olmazsa, insanlar\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r\u0131z? Campanella buna, insanlarda dayan\u0131\u015fma bilinci, topluma yararl\u0131 olma iste\u011fi yaratarak, diye cevap verecektir. Tarih bize Romal\u0131lar\u0131n, yoksulluklar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yurtlar\u0131 u\u011fruna seve seve sava\u015fa at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermiyor mu? \u0130lk H\u0131ristiyanlar zaman\u0131nda, kazan\u00e7tan, mal m\u00fclk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden uzak, d\u00fcnyadan elini ete\u011fini \u00e7ekmi\u015f, topluluk u\u011frunda kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131, sevgilerini, hatt\u00e2 canlar\u0131n\u0131 bile hi\u00e7e sayan rahipler ayn\u0131 \u00f6zgecilik \u00f6rne\u011fi vermiyorlar m\u0131yd\u0131 bize? Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumda bile, karde\u015f\u00e7e \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u00e7\u0131kars\u0131z yar\u0131\u015fma \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor muyuz? \u015eimdilik devede kulak olan bu \u00f6rnekler ni\u00e7in bir g\u00fcn genelle\u015fmesin? Ayr\u0131ca \u015fu da var: G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi’nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bir angarya olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, bir zevk halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aylakl\u0131k ay\u0131p, y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015feydir orada.<\/p>\n

Campanella filozof\u00e7a devlet tasar\u0131s\u0131nda, mal m\u00fclk ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131nda, kad\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ele al\u0131yor. Kendinden \u00f6nce, Platon da devlet i\u00e7inde anla\u015fma, kayna\u015fma yarat\u0131r diye, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ortak olmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftu. Ne var ki, Platon, bu ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z y\u00f6neticiler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Campanella ise, bu ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum i\u00e7in istiyor. \u015eunu unutmamak gerekir ki, kurmac\u0131 Platon’dan \u00f6nce, kad\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Heredotus’un da belirtti\u011fi gibi baz\u0131 \u0130skit kabilelerinde varm\u0131\u015f. Bu kabilelerde kad\u0131nlar ata biner, avlarda, sava\u015flarda erkeklere e\u015flik ederlermi\u015f. Yunan tarih\u00e7isine bak\u0131l\u0131rsa bu ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131, kan ba\u011f\u0131yla herkesi birbirine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flamak, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131n, kinlerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almakm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Lykurgos Yasalar\u0131 evlilik i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 koymakta ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u015fl\u0131 erkeklere, aile yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 bozmamak i\u00e7in, kar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zaman zaman, evlenmeden \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmak isteyen bek\u00e2r erkeklere sunma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, Campanella, soyun \u00fcremesine ve \u00e7ocuk e\u011fitimine verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kad\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 benimserken, Platon’un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, antik \u00e7a\u011f uluslar\u0131n\u0131n yasalar\u0131ndan da esinlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Campanella, yeni bir alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n do\u011faca\u011f\u0131na ve bunun da G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi gibi bir devlet d\u00fczeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00abAlt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u00bb adl\u0131 \u015fiiri bunun sa\u011flam bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ALTIN \u00c7A\u011e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mutlu bir alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f olduysa eskiden
Ni\u00e7in bir kez daha olmas\u0131n?
Her \u015fey d\u00f6n\u00fcp dola\u015f\u0131p
Gelmiyor mu eski yerine?
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctledi\u011fim gibi benim
Payla\u015fsayd\u0131 insanlar
Yararlar\u0131, mutlulu\u011fu ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131
Cennet olurdu d\u00fcnya…
Uyan\u0131k, temiz sevgiler gelirdi diyorum
Azg\u0131n, k\u00f6r sevgiler yerine
Yalan dolan, bilgisizlik yerine
Ger\u00e7ek bilgi gelirdi
Ve karde\u015flik zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerine.<\/p>\n

Campanella’n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 Rossi ad\u0131nda bir yazar \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: Campanella’ya otuz be\u015f saat<\/strong> boyunca yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fkence \u00f6ylesine vah\u015ficeydi ki \u00abk\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn kan damarlar\u0131 kopmu\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131lan yaralardan durmadan kanlar bo\u015fan\u0131yordu. Bununla beraber, di\u015flerini s\u0131k\u0131p i\u015fkenceye \u00f6ylesine dayand\u0131 ki, a\u011fz\u0131ndan, bir filozofa yak\u0131\u015fmayacak tek kelime bile alamad\u0131lar.\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Filozoflar ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren s\u00f6zleri<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vikipedi’ye Yans\u0131yan biyografisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Campanella, 1568\u2019de Stilo<\/span>\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. 1583\u2019te Dominiken tarikat\u0131na girerek Tommaso ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. 1589\u2019da Napoli\u2019ye giderek, orada Philosophia sensibus demostrata<\/em>‘y\u0131 (1591; Duyularla A\u00e7\u0131klanan Felsefe) yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Padova\u2019da Galileo Galilei ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131; y\u0131llar sonra yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Apologia pro Galilaeo<\/em> (1616; Galilei\u2019nin Savunmas\u0131) adl\u0131 eserinde Galileo\u2019yu savunacakt\u0131. Campanella 1593\u2019te cinsel sap\u0131kl\u0131kla su\u00e7land\u0131 ve tutukland\u0131, ama beraat etti. 1596\u2019da heretiklik su\u00e7lamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kendini savundu. Tomasso Campanella Kalabriya’y\u0131 \u0130spanyol egemenli\u011finden kurtarmak ve hayalindeki kom\u00fcnist d\u00fczeni kurabilmek i\u00e7in 1599 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir ayaklanma plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu plana Kalabriya’n\u0131n ileri gelenleri de dahil olmu\u015ftu, ancak isyan haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ihbar edilmesi \u00fczerine geni\u015f bir tutuklama ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu kapsamda Campanella da tutukland\u0131. Ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 durumunda isyanc\u0131lar\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Kalabriya a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bir Osmanl\u0131 gemisi beklemekteydi. Aslen Kalabriyal\u0131 olan Cigalo\u011flu Pa\u015fa, ki Ca\u011falo\u011flu ismi buradan gelir, Campananella ile s\u00fcrekli irtibattayd\u0131. Ancak ayaklanman\u0131n hen\u00fcz ba\u015flat\u0131lmadan bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Cigaol\u011flu Pa\u015fa da yeniden Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na d\u00f6nmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

27 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 burada ge\u00e7irirken \u0130talyan Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u015fiirlerini yazd\u0131. Ayaklanma plan\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla tutuklan\u0131p Napoli\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fkence sonucunda ayaklanmada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf etti, ancak deli rol\u00fc yaparak \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131ndan kurtuldu ve \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse mahk\u00fbm edildi.<\/p>\n

1626\u2019da serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. 1634\u2019te Napoli\u2019de \u0130spanyollara kar\u015f\u0131 bir komplonun i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenince, Fransa\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Campanella, 1639\u2019da Paris\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

******************************************<\/p>\n

Campanella, hapisteyken G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi<\/span><\/em>\u2019ni yazd\u0131. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Thomas More gibi, Campanella da yap\u0131t\u0131nda Platon<\/span>\u2019un Politea<\/span><\/em>\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 (Devlet 1942, 1946) \u00f6rnek al\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi\u2019nin y\u00f6neticileri ayd\u0131n ki\u015filerdir. \u00dclkenin en y\u00fcksek y\u00f6neticisi filozof bir rahiptir. Her birey, topluma yararl\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde bir g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenir. \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyet yasak olup, her \u015fey ortakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00dcNE\u015e \u00dcLKES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

K\u0130TABIN KONUSU : G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde dile getirilen konu; toplumsal bir d\u00fczen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. \u0130\u015fte bu kitap bu toplumsal d\u00fczeni dile getirmektedir. Yazar temel olarak bu kitapta; toplu halde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n genel yarar oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zel bir mal m\u00fclk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir zevk haline geldi\u011fi bir d\u00fczenden bahsetmektedir. Bu kitapta yazar\u0131m\u0131z sosyalizmin temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

K\u0130TABIN \u00d6ZET\u0130 : G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesi Campanella\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcn birinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir devlet tasar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Genel hatlar\u0131 ile campanella bu kitapta b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131; insan\u0131n kendisinden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemesinde, d\u00fcnya mal\u0131n\u0131 benim senin diye payla\u015fmas\u0131nda buluyor. Campanellaya g\u00f6re; insanlar genel yarar kayg\u0131s\u0131ndan uzak olduklar\u0131 s\u00fcrece kendilerinden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezler. Oysa; toplum halinde birbirlerine ba\u011flanan insanlar\u0131n amac\u0131 genel yarar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Campanella bu kitapta; \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mzda ortada toplum yarar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir\u015fey kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bencil davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n eninde sonunda toplum g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na inanmaktad\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in, G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde her\u015fey devlete ve genel yarara hizmet etmelidir. Bu da sosyalizmin temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.
G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde dayan\u0131\u015fma bilinci ve topluma yararl\u0131 olma iste\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bunun bir sonucu olarak da g\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde \u00f6zel mal m\u00fclk olmamaktad\u0131r. Campanella, Romal\u0131lar\u0131n ve ilk Hristiyanlar zaman\u0131ndaki rahiplerin yurtlar\u0131 ve topluluklar\u0131 u\u011fruna seve seve sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve mal m\u00fclk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden uzak durdu\u011funu g\u00f6sterek bir g\u00fcn G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fine inamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bir angarya olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f , bir zevk halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aylakl\u0131k ay\u0131p y\u00fcz k\u0131zart\u0131c\u0131 bir\u015feydir.
G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde mal m\u00fclk ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, kad\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da vard\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde bu kad\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Platonda oldu\u011fu gibi sadece y\u00f6neticiler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, t\u00fcm toplum i\u00e7indir. Bu ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131; kan ba\u011f\u0131yla herkesi birbirine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011flamak, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131n, kinlerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bunun temelinde Campanella\u2019n\u0131n soyun \u00fcremesine ve \u00e7ocuk e\u011fitimine verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemde yatmaktad\u0131r. Fakat; G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde bu kad\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n birg\u00fcn b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00f6netici bir ba\u015frahip olan Hoh\u2019dur. Gerek d\u00fcnya i\u015flerinin , gerekse ahiret i\u015flerinin ba\u015f\u0131 odur. Yetkisi mutlakt\u0131r, verdi\u011fi yarg\u0131lar kesindir, kimse ses \u00e7\u0131karmaz onlara. Hoh\u2019un G\u00fc\u00e7, Ak\u0131l ve Sevgi adl\u0131 e\u015fit yetkide \u00fc\u00e7 yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7; bar\u0131\u015f ve sava\u015fla ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fleri y\u00f6netir, yani;askerlik i\u015flerinde ki en y\u00fcksek yetkili ki\u015fi odur. Akl\u0131n g\u00f6revi ise, serbest mesleklerin, bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, e\u011fitim i\u015flerinin ve okullar\u0131n y\u00f6netimidir. Sevgi\u2019nin g\u00f6revi ise; \u00fcreme i\u015fleridir.
Ayr\u0131ca; G\u00fcne\u015f kentte b\u00fct\u00fcn diller \u00f6\u011frenilir. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na el\u00e7iler sal\u0131n\u0131r; \u00e7e\u015fitli uluslar\u0131n t\u00f6releri, yollar\u0131, yasalar\u0131, tarihleri \u00f6\u011frenilir. G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkelilere g\u00f6re, insan\u0131n bir evi, bir kar\u0131s\u0131, ve kendi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 oldu mu mal m\u00fclk derdine d\u00fc\u015fer. Bencillik bundan do\u011far, ve b\u00f6ylece G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkeliler bencilli\u011fin amac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmakla onu yok etmi\u015fler ve yerine ortak ya\u015fama sevgisini koymu\u015flard\u0131r. Onlara g\u00f6re; yurt sevgisi, ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131kardan vazge\u00e7ildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artar.
G\u00fcne\u015f kentliler birbirlerine karde\u015f derler. Yirmiikisini a\u015fanlara baba, bu ya\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olanlara da o\u011ful denir. Gurur; onlarca kusurlar\u0131n en \u00fcrk\u00fcnc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Gurur taslayan kimse en sert cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkelilere g\u00f6re, yoksulluk insanlar\u0131 al\u00e7alt\u0131r, serserili\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, onlarda yurt sevgisini azalt\u0131r. Zenginlikse; insanlar\u0131 gurura, cahilli\u011fe, k\u00fcstahl\u0131\u011fa, palavrac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, bencilli\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Oysa her\u015feyin ortak oldu\u011fu G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde, herkes ayn\u0131 zamanda hem zengin, hem yoksuldur. Zengindir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kent b\u00fct\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar. Fakirdir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimsenin \u00f6zel mal m\u00fclk\u00fc yoktur. G\u00fcne\u015f kentliler mala m\u00fclke k\u00f6le olmazlar, sadece yararlan\u0131rlar onlardan.
G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkelilere g\u00f6re, dinliler dinden uzakla\u015f\u0131yorsa, din kurallar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok dinsizlerle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kalkt\u0131klar\u0131, \u015fan \u015feref pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri, mal m\u00fclk sevdas\u0131na, ten isteklerine kap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in uzakla\u015f\u0131yorlar.
G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkelilerin yemek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uyduklar\u0131 kural \u015fudur; bir g\u00fcn et, bir g\u00fcn bal\u0131k, bir g\u00fcn sebze yerler. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn, mideleri yorulmas\u0131n ve organizma g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz duruma d\u00fc\u015fmesin diye yeniden ete d\u00f6nerler. Sindirimi en kolay besinleri ya\u015fl\u0131lara ay\u0131r\u0131rlar. Ama\u00e7o\u011funluk, g\u00fcnde iki \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn, \u00e7ocuklarsa doktorlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleri gere\u011fince d\u00f6rt \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn yerler. G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkeliler genel olarak, y\u00fczy\u0131l ya\u015farlar, iki y\u00fczy\u0131l ya\u015fayanlarda vard\u0131r.
G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesinde cinsel istekleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olan baz\u0131 erkeklerin, tabiata ayk\u0131r\u0131 yollara sapmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, belli bir ya\u015ftan \u00f6ncede kad\u0131nlarla yatmalar\u0131na izin verilir. Yaln\u0131z bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n gebe, ya da k\u0131s\u0131r olmas\u0131 gerekir. Cinsel sap\u0131kl\u0131k yaparken yakalananlar, a\u011f\u0131r cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ceza idama kadar gidebilir.
G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkelilere g\u00f6re; sava\u015f\u0131n amac\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yoketmek de\u011fil, daha iyi hale getirmektir. Devletin, dinin ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ac\u0131madan sava\u015f\u0131rlar. G\u00fcne\u015f kent ordusunu, hepsi de sava\u015f hilesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan usta olan be\u015f, sekiz ya da on komutan y\u00f6netir. Bunlar sava\u015f i\u015flerini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in toplan\u0131r ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 karara g\u00f6re birliklerine kumanda ederler. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ilk ka\u00e7anlar \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn ordu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ister, ve teker teker su\u00e7u payla\u015f\u0131rlarsa, \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtulabilirler.
Campanella yeni bir alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n do\u011faca\u011f\u0131na ve bunun da G\u00fcne\u015f \u00fclkesi gibi bir devlet d\u00fczeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fine inanmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

ANA F\u0130K\u0130R : \u0130nsanlar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman umutlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybatmemelerinin gerekti\u011fini, her\u015feyin d\u00f6n\u00fcp dola\u015f\u0131p eski yerine geldi\u011fi gibi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan baz\u0131 g\u00fczelliklerin ileride de olabilece\u011fini, insanlar\u0131n yararlar\u0131, mutlulu\u011fu ve ahlak\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir cennet olabilece\u011fini, azg\u0131n k\u00f6r sevgiler yerine uyan\u0131k, temiz sevgilerin gelebilece\u011fini, yalan dolan, bilgisizlik ve zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerine, ger\u00e7ek bilgi ve karde\u015fli\u011fin gelebilece\u011fini savunuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem, Avrupa katolik d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, modern d\u00fcnyay\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olaylar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00fcnlere rastlar. Daha XIV. ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, katolik Kilisesinin kat\u0131 dogmalar\u0131na, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve haks\u0131z zenginli\u011fine, derebeylik d\u00fczeninin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli tarikatlar\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde, yer yer ba\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4513","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-felsefe-genel"},"yoast_head":"\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem, Avrupa katolik d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, modern d\u00fcnyay\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olaylar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00fcnlere rastlar. Daha XIV. ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, katolik Kilisesinin kat\u0131 dogmalar\u0131na, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve haks\u0131z zenginli\u011fine, derebeylik d\u00fczeninin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli tarikatlar\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde, yer yer ba\u015f […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"narteks.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-04-26T06:28:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"20 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\"},\"headline\":\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-04-26T06:28:55+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/\"},\"wordCount\":3945,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"Felsefe (Genel)\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/\",\"name\":\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella - narteks.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-04-26T06:28:55+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"description\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\",\"name\":\"narteks.net\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"narteks.net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/narteks\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\",\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Tar\u0131k\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/narteks.net\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella - narteks.net","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella","og_description":"Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131d\u0131r. Onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem, Avrupa katolik d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, modern d\u00fcnyay\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olaylar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00fcnlere rastlar. Daha XIV. ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, katolik Kilisesinin kat\u0131 dogmalar\u0131na, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve haks\u0131z zenginli\u011fine, derebeylik d\u00fczeninin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerine kar\u015f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli tarikatlar\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde, yer yer ba\u015f […]","og_url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/","og_site_name":"narteks.net","article_published_time":"2010-04-26T06:28:55+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Tar\u0131k","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@narteks","twitter_site":"@narteks","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Tar\u0131k","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"20 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/"},"author":{"name":"Tar\u0131k","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca"},"headline":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella","datePublished":"2010-04-26T06:28:55+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/"},"wordCount":3945,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif","articleSection":["Felsefe (Genel)"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/","name":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella - narteks.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif","datePublished":"2010-04-26T06:28:55+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif","contentUrl":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/_8afSsw3jYp8\/R7RIGu9MFoI\/AAAAAAAADvM\/HDOnI0XmPOk\/s1600\/campanella.gif"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/26\/dusuncelerini-yirmi-yedi-yillik-hapis-hayatiyla-odemis-bir-dusunce-kahramani-tommaso-campanella\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yirmi yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k hapis hayat\u0131yla \u00f6demi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kahraman\u0131 | Tommaso Campanella"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","name":"narteks.net","description":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization"},"alternateName":"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat Edebiyat Felsefe","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization","name":"narteks.net","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/narteks.png","width":300,"height":90,"caption":"narteks.net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/narteks","https:\/\/instagram.com\/narteksnet"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca","name":"Tar\u0131k","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/50865afb55632c4ae467e0af0930f6510aa2297d8014be502a55b14f3b7550cf?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Tar\u0131k"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/narteks.net"],"url":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/author\/narbak\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4513"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4513\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}