{"id":4532,"date":"2010-04-29T12:33:13","date_gmt":"2010-04-29T09:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/"},"modified":"2010-04-29T12:33:13","modified_gmt":"2010-04-29T09:33:13","slug":"bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi | Proleter kad\u0131n hareketi \u00f6nderi Adelheid Popp"},"content":{"rendered":"

8 Saat \u0130\u015f G\u00fcn\u00fc Hareketi, 1 May\u0131s toplant\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i evleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sanayi b\u00f6lgelerinde hemen her kad\u0131n sanayi i\u015f\u00e7isidir. K\u0131zlar okul ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7er ge\u00e7mez, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman annelerinin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck annelerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fabrikalarda i\u015fe girerler. Hemen her k\u0131z ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilir. Ger\u00e7i birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra evlenecektir ve muhtemelen anne de olacakt\u0131r, ancak yine de bacaklar\u0131 onu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcc\u00fc yetti\u011fi s\u00fcrece her g\u00fcn fabrikaya gitmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n

Tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefalet ve cam ile seramik i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yiyip bitiren ko\u015fullar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7izildi. Sendikal ve politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, patronlar en y\u00fcksek kar oranlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme fikri yaln\u0131zca erkekler taraf\u0131ndan benimsendi\u011fi s\u00fcrece bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemine ancak yetersiz kalan silahlarla kar\u015f\u0131 konulabildi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131nlar ve k\u0131zlar, erkeklerin yerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve emeklerini en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda satmaya d\u00fcnden raz\u0131yd\u0131. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler yoksunluklara katlanmak \u00fczere yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdi.Daha y\u00fcksek bir ya\u015fam d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fmak isteyen b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7iler, bu nedenle, i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bilin\u00e7lendirilmesi, e\u011fitilmesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ko\u015ful olarak g\u00f6rmelidir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fcklerinden beri kendilerine en iyi erdemlerden biri olarak sunulan, varolanla yetinmekti. Durum b\u00f6yle olunca, yoksul ve cahil kad\u0131nlar, i\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yeterli bir \u00fccret talep etmeye nas\u0131l c\u00fcret etsinler?<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim ve meslek derneklerine \u00fcye, co\u015fkulu kad\u0131nlar her zaman vard\u0131 ama say\u0131lar\u0131 parmakla say\u0131lacak kadar azd\u0131. Doksanl\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, sosyal demokrat i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi propagandas\u0131 her yerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kad\u0131nlar da ajitasyon faaliyetine dahil edildi. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin ilk tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 atan yine zeki i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kendileri olmu\u015ftur \u00e7o\u011fu kez. 1 May\u0131s’ta i\u015f b\u0131rakma, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda ajitasyon faaliyetine \u00f6zel bir ivme kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Bohemya eyaletindeki bir dizi sanayi kentinde bu propaganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kat\u0131lmakla g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftim. G\u00f6revimi gereken bi\u00e7imde yerine getirip getiremeyece\u011fime dair ciddi ku\u015fkular\u0131m vard\u0131. Bu kapsamda ilk konu\u015fmam\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kentte yapmam gerekiyordu. Sekiz saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc talebinin elde edilmesinin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in neden gerekli oldu\u011funu anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, \u00fcniformas\u0131yla kurumlanan h\u00fck\u00fcmet komiseri gen\u00e7 bey huzursuzlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. S\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc birka\u00e7 kez kestikten sonra toplant\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bu, asl\u0131nda ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp ta\u015f\u0131nmadan konu\u015fmu\u015f olmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131m kendimi. Fakat planlanm\u0131\u015f toplant\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir u\u011fursuzluk bulutu geziniyor gibiydi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fczenlenen on toplant\u0131dan yedisi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmayla sonu\u00e7land\u0131, baz\u0131s\u0131 ise \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u0130ser da\u011flar\u0131nda bulunan bir kasabada h\u00fck\u00fcmet komiseri, \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fum platformun sa\u011f ve soluna, s\u00fcng\u00fcleri tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcfekler ta\u015f\u0131yan birer jandarma dikmi\u015fti. Bir ara komiser yumru\u011fuyla masaya vurarak: “T\u0131pk\u0131 Dr. Adler kadar k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 konu\u015fuyorsunuz siz” diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u00f6z beni gururland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsa da, komiser toplant\u0131y\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. Gece yar\u0131s\u0131, yak\u0131nlarda bulunan kente do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. Bu s\u0131rada \u0130ser da\u011flar\u0131nda halk\u0131n nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tan\u0131k olma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulabildim. Ge\u00e7 saate kar\u015f\u0131n b\u00f6ylesine \u015fiirsel bir do\u011fada, ye\u015filin aras\u0131na kondurulmu\u015f gibi duran o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck evlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn pencereleri ayd\u0131nl\u0131kt\u0131. Gen\u00e7, ya\u015fl\u0131, kad\u0131n, erkek, b\u00fct\u00fcn ev halk\u0131 gaz lambas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck un \u00e7orbalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriden g\u00f6rme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011fum bu evlerde, t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz mikrobunun izlerini y\u00fczlerinin \u00e7izgilerinde ta\u015f\u0131yan kad\u0131nlar ve h\u00fcn\u00fcz okul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelmi\u015f \u00e7elimsiz \u00e7ocuklar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Kathe Kollwitz’in 1893 tarihli \u0130htiya\u00e7 adl\u0131 taplosu i\u015f\u00e7i evlerini ve ya\u015fanan sefaleti t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya seriyor. Resimin oda\u011f\u0131na \u00f6l\u00fc bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f sanat\u00e7\u0131. Minik bir bebe\u011fin ya\u015famas\u0131na- ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131na dek geriletilmi\u015f ihtiya\u00e7lar, ama bunun bile sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir odada \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m: Hasta bir kad\u0131n yatakta yat\u0131yordu, yata\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir masa ve masan\u0131n \u00fczerinde un serpilmi\u015f bir tahta duruyordu. Hasta kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fini b\u00f6yle haz\u0131rl\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer yatakta bo\u011fmayacaya yakalanm\u0131\u015f iki \u00e7ocuk ve on ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir k\u0131z ipe boncuk diziyordu. Evin erke\u011fi de biley ta\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer bir evi ziyaret etti\u011fimde tam \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fi saatiydi. Ev sakinleri \u00e7ocuksuzdu ve yaln\u0131zca kendilerini ge\u00e7indirmek zorunda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in oda biraz daha varl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Yemeklerine ortak olmak daveti ald\u0131m. Kad\u0131n, toprak bir kaptan, un ve sudan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7orba koydu tabaklara. \u00c7orbaya ekmek kat\u0131k edildi. Hepsi buydu. Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn yoktu ve bu yemekle gece yar\u0131lar\u0131na kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Al\u0131nan gelir ise ancak b\u00f6ylesine bir sefalete izin veriyordu. Do\u011fa burada b\u00fct\u00fcn bereketini sunuyordu. Haziran ay\u0131nda yeniden bu b\u00f6lgede toplant\u0131lar d\u00fczenledi\u011fimde, e\u015fsiz g\u00fczellikteki \u00e7ay\u0131rlar hal\u0131 gibi yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ayaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n alt\u0131na. Ye\u015fil, mavi, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, beyaz, b\u00fct\u00fcn renkler t\u00fcm g\u00f6rkemiyle ya\u015fan\u0131yordu burada. Bu harika topraklarda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ekmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 sefaleti, ba\u011f\u0131ran bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k olarak duyumsuyordum. Oysa \u0130ser da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n ve erkek i\u015f\u00e7ileri ne parlak, ne de m\u00fckemmel insanlard\u0131! Ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri sosyalizmi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u015fkuyla selamlad\u0131lar. Hi\u00e7bir bask\u0131 onlar\u0131n cesaretini karmaya yetmedi. Ba\u015flar\u0131 dik, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flam kald\u0131. Bilin\u00e7lenme s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, k\u00f6y k\u00f6y, kasaba kasaba ta\u015f\u0131mak ve yeni kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar kazanmak i\u00e7in kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlar tarifi zor zahmetlere katland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu arada i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7inde, her yerde b\u00f6yle insanlara rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyim. Ancak her zaman ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor. Da\u011flar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131 sessiz, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli ve sebatkar. Ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerdeki kad\u0131nlar ise heyecanl\u0131, enerjik ve co\u015fkulu.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Bohemya i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin de enerji sa\u00e7an bir co\u015fkunlu\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funu, bir sanayi kasabas\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131da tan\u0131k oldum. D\u00f6rt bin insan kapasitesine sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen bir salonda erkekler ayakta s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde duruyordu. Kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlar ise \u00f6nlerdeki tahta s\u0131ralara yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdi. \u0130lk toplant\u0131y\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tan ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet komiseri, burada da g\u00f6zlemci masas\u0131nda yerine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Konu\u015fmam\u0131 sonuna dek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi kafama koymu\u015ftum. Bir kesintiye izin vermeyecek s\u00f6zler bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum. Yakla\u015f\u0131k iki saat boyunca bunu ba\u015farabildim. Birden komiser, s\u00f6z almak i\u00e7in aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131. Konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden s\u00f6z etti\u011fi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete hakaret etti\u011fi i\u00e7in toplant\u0131y\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak zorunda oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine kopan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011ferdi; kitle yerinden k\u0131p\u0131rdam\u0131yor, ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor ve alk\u0131\u015fl\u0131 protesto yap\u0131yordu. Komiser eline \u00e7an\u0131 al\u0131p sallad\u0131. Ona verilen yan\u0131t bravo \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve “Ya\u015fas\u0131n 1 May\u0131s” slogan\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir tufand\u0131 sanki. Komiser, kitleyi da\u011f\u0131tmak konusunda verdi\u011fi \u00e7aban\u0131n bo\u015funa oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce jandarmay\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak i\u00e7in salondan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Toplant\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fczenleyenler, sessizlik ve d\u00fczen sa\u011flamaya ve insanlar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Ancak ilk kez bir toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan vard\u0131 ve toplant\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z yere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na o kadar \u00e7ok \u00f6fkelenmi\u015flerdi ki, onlar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu toplant\u0131n\u0131n bir de sonras\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Bu toplant\u0131dan sonraki toplant\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131; ancak hi\u00e7biri bunun kadar f\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde sona ermedi. Bir s\u00fcre sonra, oran\u0131n il\u00e7e hakiminin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, h\u00fck\u00fcmete hakaret etti\u011fim gerek\u00e7esiyle ifade vermem gerekti. Duru\u015fma komikti. Savc\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenen ki\u015fi emekli olmu\u015f bir maliyeciydi. Makam\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6nemini d\u0131\u015fa vurmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7aba sarfediyordu. Komiser, s\u00f6zde bulundu\u011fum t\u00fcm hakaretleri ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Kendimi savunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, ama anla\u015f\u0131lan bunda pek ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6steremedim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc emekli maliyeci savc\u0131, il\u00e7e hakimiyle f\u0131s\u0131lda\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra aya\u011fa kalkarak, “Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyorum” dedi. San\u0131r\u0131m bundan ba\u015fka ne s\u00f6ylenece\u011fini kendisi de bilmiyordu. Hakim de su\u00e7lu oldu\u011fuma kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131; ancak ya\u015f\u0131m\u0131, sab\u0131kas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ve “evlilik halimi” g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak bana yaln\u0131zca 120 G\u00fclden para cezas\u0131 verdi. Bu mahkumiyetin gere\u011fi yerine getirilmedi. Dosyam daha y\u00fcksek bir mahkemeye gitti\u011finde, savunmam\u0131 \u00fcstlenen avukat, davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte su\u00e7un zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece su\u00e7umun cezas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6deyecek f\u0131rsat\u0131m olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ajitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n beraberinde getirdi\u011fi ve daha \u00f6nce de\u011finilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerin yan\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir \u00e7ok badire de s\u00f6z konusuydu. Bazen bir toplant\u0131 yerine varabilmek bile ne kadar \u00e7ok zaman al\u0131rd\u0131! Bug\u00fcn dokuz saatte a\u015f\u0131labilen mesafeler, o zamanlar uzak yerlere de banliy\u00f6 tereniyle gidildi\u011fi i\u00e7in on be\u015f saat tutuyordu. Erkeklere g\u00f6re kad\u0131nlar daha b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00d6zellikle de cumartesi ve pazar g\u00fcnleri. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman epey i\u00e7kili bir erkek kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na yolculuk etmek zorunda kal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6nce, tek ba\u015f\u0131na yolculuk eden gen\u00e7 bir k\u0131z ya da kad\u0131n, bug\u00fcne g\u00f6re yolcular\u0131n \u00e7ok daha fazla dikkatini \u00e7ekiyordu. Ne kadar so\u011fuk, as\u0131k bir ifade tak\u0131nsalar da, uyuyor gibi durup veya k\u0131p\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131z bir halde kitap okusalar da, sark\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131k edenlerden kurtulmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok zordu. Bir\u00e7ok durumda savunman\u0131n ve kurtulu\u015fun yolu olarak i\u015f\u00e7i gazetesi i\u015fe yar\u0131yordu. Elimde sosyal demokrat gazeteyi tutarak, \u00e7o\u011funlukla yolculu\u011fun can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 yanlar\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yordum. Ancak bu ara\u00e7 bazen ba\u015fka sonu\u00e7lara da yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. Yolcular kendi aralar\u0131nda f\u0131s\u0131lda\u015fmaya ve sosyal demokrat parti ve tek tek y\u00f6neticileri hakk\u0131nda i\u011fneleyici konu\u015fmalar yapmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yorlard\u0131. B\u00f6yle durumlarda, tamamen so\u011fukkanl\u0131 davran\u0131r, s\u00f6ylenen \u015feylere kulaklar\u0131m\u0131 t\u0131kard\u0131m; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc benim i\u00e7in bir trende ya da lokantada b\u00fct\u00fcn dikkatleri \u00fczerime \u00e7ekmekten daha rahats\u0131z edici bir durum yoktu.<\/p>\n

(…)<\/p>\n

Beni en \u00e7ok dertlendiren konulardan biri de geceleme sorunuydu. Toplant\u0131 masraflar\u0131n\u0131n, yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 anda kar\u015f\u0131lanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksul k\u00f6y ve kasabalarda, yaln\u0131zca oteller de\u011fil, yolculuk eden yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in konaklamaya uygun misafirhaneler de yoktu. Bug\u00fcn, yayg\u0131n turist trafi\u011fi sayesinde, \u0131ss\u0131z ve da\u011fl\u0131k k\u00f6ylerde bile bulunan temiz bir gece bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131 o zamanlar bilinen bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. \u0130yi y\u00fcrekli fedakar proleterler kendi yataklar\u0131n\u0131 veriyorlard\u0131 bize. Misafir i\u00e7in yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015faltan erkek, yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n evlerine giderdi. Ger\u00e7ek bir yatak odas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi, tersine yataklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu odada ayn\u0131 zamanda dokuma tezgahlar\u0131 da bulunurdu. Burada yemek pi\u015firilir, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu iyi y\u00fcrekli insanlar, her zaman, duyguland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6zenle misafiri rahat ettirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sorumlular\u0131 kendileri de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Bir dokumac\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir toplant\u0131dan sonra bir aile beni misafir etmek \u00fczere evine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Toplant\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ak\u015fam saatinde bir e\u011flence d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. \u00d6nceki geceyi bir banliy\u00f6 treninde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fim i\u00e7in erkenden yorgun d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve yataca\u011f\u0131m yeri g\u00f6stermelerini rica etmi\u015ftim. Gen\u00e7, i\u00e7ten bir kad\u0131n olan ev sahibem yata\u011f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi ve odada dolanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck siyah k\u00f6pekten tedirgin olmam i\u00e7in bir neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Lambay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131p uyumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Tam dalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ki bir \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131kla yerimden s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131m. Uysal oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen k\u00f6pek, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fczere yata\u011fa s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00f6pe\u011fi \u00fczerimdeki yorganla birlikte yere att\u0131m. Ben hayvana, hayvan da bana bakakalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131p\u0131rdamaya cesaret edemiyordum ancak \u00e7aresizlikten g\u00f6zlerimden ya\u015flar daml\u0131yordu. \u00dc\u015f\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m, ama yorgan k\u00f6pekteydi. Soban\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan aniden duydu\u011fum bebek a\u011flamas\u0131 beni \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na \u00e7evirdi. Lamban\u0131n verdi\u011fi c\u0131l\u0131z \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla odan\u0131n bir yerinde bir kad\u0131n\u0131n kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark ettim. Odaya girdi\u011fimde, ayakta duramayacak kadar yorgun olu\u015fumdan olacak, kap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki k\u00f6\u015fede bir yata\u011f\u0131n, \u00f6n\u00fcnde de bir be\u015fi\u011fin durdu\u011funu g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftim. O yatakta yatan ve kulaklar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fiten b\u00fcy\u00fckanne, \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama \u00e7ocu\u011fun a\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel olarak alg\u0131lam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Art\u0131k ben de k\u0131p\u0131rdamaya cesaret edebildim ve kad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p derdimi anlatt\u0131m. K\u00f6pe\u011fi, yan tarafta bulunan ve \u00f6teberinin kondu\u011fu bir odac\u0131\u011fa att\u0131lar, ancak saat de gece yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan ge\u00e7mi\u015fti art\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i evlerinin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu yoksunluklar \u00fczerine bir kitap dolusu karamsar sat\u0131rlar yaz\u0131labilir. \u015eimdi i\u015f\u00e7i ailelerinde de vazge\u00e7ilmez ihtiya\u00e7lar olarak yer edinen her \u015feye, yaln\u0131zca zenginlerin sahip oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulursa, sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in bile gereken en basit kurallar\u0131n ne kadar m\u00fctevazi talepler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k, hava ve su, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in birer l\u00fckst\u00fc. Sabahlar\u0131 y\u0131kanmak i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca bir bardak suyun, y\u0131kanma le\u011feninin yan\u0131na kondu\u011fu olurdu. Ya da varsa kuyunun yan\u0131na gidilirdi. Sabun ola\u011fan bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k her\u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr, bu alanda da etkisini \u00e7oktan g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve yoksul barakalar\u0131na ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015ftir. Fakat bug\u00fcn, g\u00fcnde on alt\u0131 ve daha da fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6ylesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr seviyesinin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi bile deh\u015fet veriyor. Gelirleri, ne y\u0131kanma le\u011fenine ne de g\u00fcnl\u00fck sabun kullan\u0131m\u0131na yetiyordu. B\u00f6yle bir durumda parti ve sendikaya kat\u0131l\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctmek kolay de\u011fildi. Buna ra\u011fmen, sosyalizmin ideallerinden bahsedildi\u011finde bu erkeklerle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u0131\u015f\u0131ldard\u0131. “E\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve karde\u015flik” s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri, bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen insanlar\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011finde s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z umutlar\u0131n ye\u015fermesine neden olurdu. \u00c7ocukluklar\u0131ndan beri bildikleri tek \u015fey, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc elinde bulunduran velinimetin isteklerine boyun e\u011fmekti yaln\u0131zca. Biri, b\u0131rak\u0131n bu k\u00f6lece ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n gereklerini yerine getirmemeyi, a\u011fz\u0131ndan bunu ima edecek bir s\u00f6z bile \u00e7\u0131ksa sonu i\u015fsizlik olurdu. \u0130\u015fveren efendi olmak istiyordu; kad\u0131n ve erkek i\u015f\u00e7iler de bunu, d\u00fczenin de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez, tanr\u0131sal bir kural\u0131 olarak kabul ediyorlard\u0131. Fabrikat\u00f6rlerin g\u00fczel evlerinin, kar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6steri\u015fli elbiselerinin, arabalar\u0131 ve atlar\u0131n\u0131n, zengin sofralar\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fccretine yans\u0131t\u0131lmayan art\u0131 de\u011ferin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu, as\u0131l velinimetin kendileri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sall\u0131yor, y\u00fczlerinde ku\u015fkulu bir ifade beliriyordu. Kad\u0131nlar, daha \u00f6nceleri tanr\u0131n\u0131n bir iste\u011fi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcp kabullendikleri \u015feyleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin do\u011fumdan yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn, \u00e7o\u011fu kez birka\u00e7 saat sonra, evde ya da fabrikada yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalmalar\u0131 nedeniyle bedenlerinin hasta ya da k\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm olmas\u0131n\u0131, giderek ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131k ve zorbal\u0131k olarak alg\u0131lamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. (…)<\/p>\n

*Bu metin, Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilip yay\u0131nlanan, Adelheid Popp’un “Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 152 ila 158. sayfalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n politik g\u00f6sterilere kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosyal demokrasinin yaln\u0131zca ekonomik alanda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc faaliyetler, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda sempati ve anlay\u0131\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131lanmakla kalm\u0131yor, onlar, politik haklar u\u011fruna verilen m\u00fccadeleyi de co\u015fkuyla izliyorlard\u0131. Daha 1893’te, Viyana<\/p>\n

i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, genel se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131n elde edilmesi i\u00e7in d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir g\u00f6steriye, dikkati \u00e7ekecek kadar \u00e7ok kad\u0131n kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n politik haklar\u0131 da ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri talepler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i kesimi, kendi politik taleplerini dile getirdi\u011fi her eylemde, kad\u0131nlara e\u015fit haklar verilmesi talebini de hi\u00e7 ihmal etmedi.<\/p>\n

Daha 1893 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131nda, se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 hareketi kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6yle sahiplenilmi\u015fti ki, kad\u0131nlar, se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 talebiyle a\u00e7\u0131k arazide b\u00fcy\u00fck bir miting d\u00fczenlediler. Bu mitingde bir konu\u015fma yapan kad\u0131nlardan biri, kraliyet senatosuna sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olarak alg\u0131lanan bir ifadesi nedeniyle, yarg\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak d\u00f6rt ay a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131na mahkum edildi. Sonralar\u0131 bu ceza kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak yine de tamamen zarars\u0131z bir mesele nedeniyle b\u00f6ylesi a\u011f\u0131r cezalarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeni ku\u015faklar\u0131n unutmamas\u0131nda fayda vard\u0131r. Konu\u015fmac\u0131 kad\u0131n, konuyu de\u011ferlendirirken, on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ar\u015fid\u00fcklerin senatoda sandalye ve s\u00f6z hakk\u0131na sahip oluduklar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131p, “Ar\u015fid\u00fckler, halk i\u00e7in bizden daha m\u0131 iyi bir y\u00fcre\u011fe sahiptirler?” sorusunu sormaktan ba\u015fka bir\u015fey yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve bu c\u00fcmle sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olarak mahkum edilecekti! Apre i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen o gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131n olan ikinci konu\u015fmac\u0131, ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131lar parlamentosu hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yorum nedeniyle \u00fc\u00e7 hafta hapse mahkum edildi ve onu \u00e7ekmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemlerde politik su\u00e7lar nedeniyle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u0131zla yapg\u0131lan\u0131p hapse mahkum edilmeleri ola\u011fand\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ajitasyon gezisinde bulunan bir kad\u0131n konu\u015fmac\u0131, k\u0131rsal alanda bir kentte g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p birka\u00e7 hafta boyunca tutuklu kald\u0131. Hen\u00fcz yirmi ya\u015f\u0131na basmam\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 bir k\u0131zd\u0131 bu. Ve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi kapitalist d\u00fczen taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6yle tehlikeli bulundu ki, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc elinden al\u0131nd\u0131. Birka\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk annesi olan bir ba\u015fka kad\u0131n konu\u015fmac\u0131, karn\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011funun do\u011fumuna birka\u00e7 hafta kalm\u0131\u015fken ayn\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131kla cezaland\u0131r\u0131larak cezaevine at\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ileri ekonomik ve politik kurtulu\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaya kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde, cezaevine girmeyen konu\u015fmac\u0131 neredeyse yoktu. Fakat cesaretleri k\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131. Tersine, u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131lar, m\u00fccadelelerinin ne kadar hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131n\u0131 daha da peki\u015ftirdi. Se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadelede de bask\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131lar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, s\u00fcrekli daha kalabal\u0131k kitleler halinde politik hakk\u0131n elde edilmesi m\u00fccadelesine kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Her g\u00f6steride \u00f6n saflarda yer al\u0131yorlard\u0131; o g\u00fcnlerde at \u00fczerinde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sallayarak g\u00f6stericilere sald\u0131rmaktan pek ho\u015flanan polisin bask\u0131lar\u0131 da kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fcrk\u00fctemedi. En kitlesel g\u00f6sterilere d\u00f6rtnala dalan polisin atlar\u0131ndan ne kadar korkulursa korkulsun, m\u00fccadeleye at\u0131lma co\u015fkusu daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1894’te s\u0131cak bir Temmuz ak\u015fam\u0131 Viyana i\u015f\u00e7ileri, bilmem ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 kez se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinden vazge\u00e7meyeceklerini ilan etmek i\u00e7in yine belediye binas\u0131n\u0131n salonunda bir araya gelmi\u015fti. Belediye binas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alanda, i\u00e7eride yer bulamayan binlerce kad\u0131n ve erkek toplant\u0131 salonunun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde duruyordu. Birden “Herren soka\u011f\u0131na Windischgraetz’in evine gidelim!” \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Prens Windischgraetz, se\u00e7im hakk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen temsilcisi say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu nedenle, penceresinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir seranat yapma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 geni\u015f ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Haber h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n en \u00f6n s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 heybetli bir kitle, kentin i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru ilerledi.<\/p>\n

Bir polis kordonu Herren soka\u011f\u0131na giri\u015fi kesmi\u015fti. O s\u0131rada birka\u00e7 “iyi giyimli” ki\u015fi g\u00f6stericilerin aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p kendilerine ge\u00e7i\u015f izni verilmesini talep etti. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olundu. Polis kordonu, onlara ge\u00e7i\u015f vermek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak bir saniye sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn kitle pe\u015flerinden geldi ve Herren soka\u011f\u0131na ak\u0131n etti. “Windischgraetz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131!”, “Genel Se\u00e7im Yasas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ls\u0131n!” sloganlar\u0131 saraylar\u0131n pencerelerine \u00e7arp\u0131yordu. Korkudan benzi atm\u0131\u015f u\u015faklar g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc ve alelacele kap\u0131lar\u0131 ve pencereleri s\u0131k\u0131ca \u00f6rtt\u00fcler. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k saray\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ise bir kalabal\u0131k birikmi\u015f “Windischgraetz istifa!” slogan\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131yordu. Polisin gelmekte oldu\u011fu haberi yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda eylem tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve g\u00f6stericiler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u015fku i\u00e7erisinde da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ertesi g\u00fcn, ba\u015fbakan\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc bir konu\u015fma yaparak, “sokak arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendisini hi\u00e7 etkilemedi\u011fini”<\/p>\n

s\u00f6yledi. Fakat yine de bundan b\u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck beylerin g\u00fcnleri say\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesine canla ba\u015fla kat\u0131lan yaln\u0131zca Viyanal\u0131 kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler de\u011fildi; b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkede durum ayn\u0131yd\u0131. Se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin doruk noktas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden 28 Kas\u0131m 1903 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc an\u0131msamak yeterlidir bunun i\u00e7in. S\u00f6z konusu tarihte i\u015f b\u0131rakmaya ve olas\u0131 bir genel greve haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler saf tuttu. Proletaryan\u0131n bu devasa g\u00f6sterisi i\u00e7in \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda son derece fedakar bir bi\u00e7imde haz\u0131rland\u0131lar. Ve o, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu eme\u011fi ta\u00e7land\u0131ran bir g\u00fcn oldu. Parlamento \u00f6n\u00fcndeki rampadan iki y\u00fcz bin emek\u00e7i ge\u00e7ti; aralar\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

O g\u00fcne dek hemen hi\u00e7bir politik hakka sahip olmayan proletaryan\u0131n bu unutulmaz eylemine kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in bu nemli ve so\u011fuk Kas\u0131m havas\u0131nda sabah\u0131n alt\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011fleden sonraya kadar beklemi\u015flerdi. Amaca ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; ne var ki kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131na tan\u0131nan e\u015fitlikten onlar hala yararlanam\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketi okulunda kad\u0131nlar, hak elde etmek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l m\u00fccadele edilmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendiler. Ekonomik kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in, politik haklarla el ele y\u00fcr\u00fcmek gerekti\u011fini de \u00f6\u011frendiler. Tam da bu y\u00fczden kad\u0131nlar\u0131n se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi sona ermedi. Kad\u0131nlara, i\u015f ve s\u0131n\u0131f yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n politik haklara sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek, haks\u0131zl\u0131k olur.<\/p>\n

Sosyal demokrasi b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n kendi geleceklerini belirleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n kendi geleceklerini belirleme hakk\u0131 da bundan daha kutsal de\u011fildir; kad\u0131nlar\u0131nki de \u00f6yle. Kad\u0131n cinsi i\u00e7in, genel taleplerinin de var oldu\u011fu kad\u0131n ve anne olmalar\u0131yla ilgili \u00f6zel taleplerinin de var oldu\u011fu kad\u0131n ve erkekler taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k s\u0131k parlak bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya konumu\u015ftur. Bunlar, kad\u0131n hak\u00e7\u0131 talepler de\u011fildir, tersine en karma\u015f\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 kapsayan konulard\u0131r. Bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde, muhataplar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka kim daha \u00e7ok sorumlu ve etkin olabilir ki?<\/p>\n

*Bu metin, Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilip yay\u0131nlanan, Adelheid Popp’un “Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 146, 147 ve 148’inci sayfalar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bir b\u00fcy\u00fck grevi<\/strong><\/p>\n

115 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir g\u00fcn gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131zlardan biri yepyeni bir dilden konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flayan gen\u00e7 dalgas\u0131, kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlar\u0131 da \u00f6n\u00fcne katmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6zellikle 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle ya\u015fanan i\u015f b\u0131rakmalara \u00e7ok say\u0131da kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Viyana’da 600 apre i\u015f\u00e7isinin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 grev, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgi uyand\u0131rd\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn -3 May\u0131s’t\u0131- \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 fabrikada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler, sabah onda fabrika kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru ak\u0131nca, \u00e7evre sokaklarda oturan insanlar ne de \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131… B\u00fcy\u00fck bir heyecan vard\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda birdenbire beliren o yepyeni g\u00fcc\u00fcn etkisine \u00f6yle kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ki, i\u015f\u00e7ilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u015f g\u00f6mle\u011fini \u00e7\u0131karacak kadar bir zaman\u0131 bile harcamak istememi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu kad\u0131nlar devrimci de\u011fildi. \u015eimdiye kadar ge\u00e7irdikleri zor ya\u015fam\u0131, kaderdir, diye sineye \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdi. Haftada \u00fc\u00e7-be\u015f Gulden’den fazla olmayan bir \u00fccretle g\u00fcnde on iki saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu yar\u0131 giyinik, ayaklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak, suyun i\u00e7inde, ayakta i\u015f yapmak zorunda kal\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da 40 dereceyi a\u015fan s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131 buharlar soluyarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ms\u0131z hepsi, b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar, ister gen\u00e7 k\u0131z, ister karn\u0131 burnunda hamile, ister birka\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk anas\u0131 olsun, ayn\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r yazg\u0131ya katlan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu kad\u0131nlarda \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7li\u011fin izlerine rastlanmazd\u0131 hi\u00e7. Ancak, bu boyunduru\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131labilece\u011fi hen\u00fcz hi\u00e7birinin akl\u0131na gelmemi\u015fti. Onlar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015flerdi, di\u011ferlerinin yazg\u0131s\u0131 da efendilik yapmakt\u0131. Bu b\u00f6yleydi ve boyun e\u011fmek gerekirdi.<\/p>\n

Sonra bir g\u00fcn, gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131zlardan biri, ba\u015fka, yepyeni bir dilden konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7evreyle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve 1 May\u0131s g\u00f6sterilerine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Burada 8 saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcnden s\u00f6z edildi\u011fini duymu\u015f ve “sekiz saat i\u015f, sekiz saat dinlenme, seki saat uyku” \u015fiar\u0131 kula\u011f\u0131na bir kutsal vecize gibi \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Yeni ilahinin havarisi olmu\u015f ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ustal\u0131kl\u0131 bir dille g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine kazanmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

“Buna art\u0131k katlanmayaca\u011f\u0131z”, “G\u00fcnde yaln\u0131zca on saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istiyoruz”, diye a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131lar ve kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak i\u00e7in i\u015f durdurarak fabrikadan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Ba\u015fka iki fabrikan\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri de h\u0131zla bunlara kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, \u00f6\u011fleden sonra grevci i\u015f\u00e7iler, durum de\u011ferlendirmesi yapmak \u00fczere kentin d\u0131\u015f mahallelerinden birinde bulunan bir \u00e7ay\u0131rda topland\u0131lar. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131z aniden, “Greve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k, \u00f6\u011fleden sonra Ferdinand \u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131nda toplant\u0131m\u0131z var, gelmek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z” s\u00f6zleriyle b\u00fcroma dald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fle saatleriydi. Oraya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131mda kad\u0131nlar ve k\u0131zlar otlar\u0131n \u00fczerine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdi bile. Etraflar\u0131na da, olacaklar\u0131 merakla bekleyen seyirciler halka olmu\u015ftu. Elbette bu bi\u00e7imde bir toplant\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordum; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplant\u0131 bildiriminde bulunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir lokantan\u0131n bah\u00e7esini kiralad\u0131m ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131m \u00fczerine b\u00fct\u00fcn grevciler buraya topland\u0131. Bir el arabas\u0131 devrilerek konu\u015fma trib\u00fcn\u00fc haline getirildi. Grevin ba\u015far\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in bundan sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri a\u00e7\u0131klamam gerekiyordu. Bu t\u00fcr durumlarda s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken hemen her \u015feyi s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftim ki, bah\u00e7enin kap\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli bir polis girdi. Beylerin yan\u0131na gittim ve komisere bu toplant\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131m. Yaln\u0131zca benim ad\u0131m\u0131 not etmekle kalmad\u0131, ayr\u0131ca birka\u00e7 kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin ad\u0131n\u0131 da ald\u0131. Konu\u015fmam s\u0131ras\u0131nda bah\u00e7ede toplanan herkesi i\u00e7eren bir liste haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ertesi g\u00fcn, kapal\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 yapma olana\u011f\u0131m\u0131z oldu.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan fabrikalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ok say\u0131da grev g\u00f6sterileri olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar ve k\u0131zlar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya istekli olanlar\u0131n fabrikaya girmesini engellemek i\u00e7in canla ba\u015fla n\u00f6bet tutuyorlard\u0131. Yine b\u00f6yle bir anda, polis grev g\u00f6zc\u00fclerini da\u011f\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir karga\u015fa ya\u015fand\u0131 ve baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler tutukland\u0131. Ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca durmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p didinmi\u015f, aralar\u0131nda bir de bebek annesi bulunan kad\u0131nlar mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Grevcilere her taraftan etkin destekler, y\u00fckl\u00fc para ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131, yiyecek ve giyecek yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6neme oranla \u00e7ok daha iyi bak\u0131m g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bu bir yan\u0131lsama de\u011fildi ger\u00e7ekten. Grev s\u0131ras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kazanm\u0131\u015flar, adeta \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Art\u0131k g\u00fcnde bir\u00e7ok saatlerini a\u00e7\u0131kta, temiz havada ge\u00e7iriyorlard\u0131. Grev komitesi geziler d\u00fczenliyordu ve i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek sokaklardan ge\u00e7iyordu. Aralar\u0131ndaki anneler, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n nelerden mahrum kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez bu s\u0131rada g\u00f6rme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 yakalad\u0131lar. \u015eimdi bir arada olabiliyor, birlikte gezilere kat\u0131labiliyorlard\u0131; \u00fcstelik i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sayesinde kar\u0131nlar\u0131 da ger\u00e7ek anlamda doyabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i grevi, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, polisin de bunda epey bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Sosyal demokrat bas\u0131n, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015famlar\u0131ndan bahsediyor, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131l\u0131yordu ve burjuva bas\u0131n dahi bu olaylara kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalamad\u0131. \u0130\u015f kolu m\u00fcfetti\u015fi bu konuyla ilgilendi ve kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin lehine arabuluculuk yapmay\u0131 \u00fcstlendi. \u00dc\u00e7 hafta s\u00fcren grev kazan\u0131mla sona erdirildi. Peki u\u011fruna grev yap\u0131lan talepler neydi? On saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc ve 4 Gulden asgari \u00fccret. 600 kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 hafta boyunca greve \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bunun i\u00e7indi.<\/p>\n

O zamanlar resmi makamlar\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketindeki en ufak hareketlenmeyi ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir endi\u015feyle takip ettikleri, d\u00fczenlenen zafer kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca polis ku\u015fatmas\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ayr\u0131ca bir kutlama konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamalar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin zaferini kutlamak \u00fczere say\u0131s\u0131z kentten gelen telgraflar\u0131n okunmas\u0131 dahi engellendi. Evet, \u00f6rne\u011fin Forst’tan kad\u0131n tekstil i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgraf okunsayd\u0131 kim bilir neler olurdu! \u00dcstelik i\u00e7inde dayan\u0131\u015fma, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fckler ge\u00e7iyordu!<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine ilk kez kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 beklentiyi bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 burada ne yaz\u0131k ki belirtmem gerekiyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin kendilerine sundu\u011fu yararlar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk unuttuklar\u0131 ac\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir. Geriye kalan tek teselli, geli\u015fmenin yerinde saymayaca\u011f\u0131 ve herkesin, ba\u015fta da kad\u0131n ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin etkisinden s\u00fcrgit uzak durmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131mayacak bir bi\u00e7imde ilerlemesidir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yazg\u0131s\u0131, onlar\u0131 da, \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri bu vurdum duymazl\u0131ktan sars\u0131p uyand\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1893 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler grevinin devam\u0131 olan bir \u00f6yk\u00fc de ya\u015fanacakt\u0131. Tutuklanan kad\u0131nlar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131r\u0131labilmi\u015fti. Ancak benim san\u0131k olarak yarg\u0131\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmam gerekti. Resmen bildirilmemi\u015f bir toplant\u0131da konu\u015fma yapmakla su\u00e7lan\u0131yordum. O g\u00fcn polise ko\u015fup ihbarda bulunan ki\u015fi, tan\u0131k olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve benim “birlik, daha y\u00fcksek bir \u00fccret i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yok edilmesi” vs. gibi tehlikeli s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yledi\u011fimi anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m savunmamdan sonra yarg\u0131\u00e7 aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131 ve, “majesteleri imparator ad\u0131na”, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraat edilmesi gerekti\u011fini ve kendisinden daha bilgisiz, \u00e7aresiz i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6\u011fretici bir etkide bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fcye lay\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi!<\/p>\n

Demek burjuvazinin devletinde de akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda yarg\u0131\u00e7lar bulunabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

*Bu metin, Evrensel Bas\u0131m Yay\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilip yay\u0131nlanan, Adelheid Popp’un “Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 143, 144 ve 145’inci sayfalar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

Adelheid Popp (Dworak) (1869 – 1939) Avusturya’daki proleter kad\u0131n hareketinin kurucusu ve sosyalizm m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6nderlerindendir. Dokumac\u0131 bir i\u015f\u00e7i ailesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olan Popp, yaln\u0131zca \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l okula gidebildi ve 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalarak, gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 at\u00f6lyelerde, fabrikalarda ge\u00e7irdi. Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bir grevini \u00f6rg\u00fctlerken gizli polisin dikkatini \u00e7ekti ve birka\u00e7 kez cezaevine girdi. 1893 y\u0131l\u0131na dek bir mantar fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Gazetesi’nin redakt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlendi. 1902’de Sosyal Demokrat Kad\u0131n Derne\u011fi’nin kurucular\u0131ndan oldu. 1918’de parti y\u00f6netimine se\u00e7ildi ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Viyana Belediye Meclisi \u00fcyesi oldu. Bir y\u0131l sonra Avusturya Parlamentosu’na se\u00e7ilerek 1934 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok kez milletvekili oldu. Clara Zetkin’in ard\u0131ndan Uluslararas\u0131 Kad\u0131n Komitesi’nin ba\u015fkal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Eserleri: “Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi (1909), Kapitalist Toplumda Kad\u0131n Eme\u011fi (1922), Y\u00fckseli\u015fe Giden Yol. Avusturya Sosyal Demokrat Kad\u0131n Hareketi (1929).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

8 Saat \u0130\u015f G\u00fcn\u00fc Hareketi, 1 May\u0131s toplant\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i evleri Sanayi b\u00f6lgelerinde hemen her kad\u0131n sanayi i\u015f\u00e7isidir. K\u0131zlar okul ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7er ge\u00e7mez, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman annelerinin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck annelerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fabrikalarda i\u015fe girerler. Hemen her k\u0131z ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilir. Ger\u00e7i birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra evlenecektir ve muhtemelen anne de olacakt\u0131r, ancak yine de bacaklar\u0131 onu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4532","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kadin-a-dair"},"yoast_head":"\nBir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi | Proleter kad\u0131n hareketi \u00f6nderi Adelheid Popp - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi | Proleter kad\u0131n hareketi \u00f6nderi Adelheid Popp\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"8 Saat \u0130\u015f G\u00fcn\u00fc Hareketi, 1 May\u0131s toplant\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i evleri Sanayi b\u00f6lgelerinde hemen her kad\u0131n sanayi i\u015f\u00e7isidir. K\u0131zlar okul ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7er ge\u00e7mez, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman annelerinin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck annelerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fabrikalarda i\u015fe girerler. Hemen her k\u0131z ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilir. Ger\u00e7i birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra evlenecektir ve muhtemelen anne de olacakt\u0131r, ancak yine de bacaklar\u0131 onu […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"narteks.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-04-29T09:33:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/popp_adelheid.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@narteks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tar\u0131k\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"29 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tar\u0131k\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#\/schema\/person\/61f37d9834294b72d31d274e7ed79bca\"},\"headline\":\"Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi | Proleter kad\u0131n hareketi \u00f6nderi Adelheid Popp\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-04-29T09:33:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/\"},\"wordCount\":5809,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.alinteri.org\/img\/popp_adelheid.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Kad\u0131na Dair\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/bir-kadin-iscinin-gencligi-proleter-kadin-hareketi-onderi-adelheid-popp\/\",\"name\":\"Bir Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin Gen\u00e7li\u011fi | Proleter kad\u0131n hareketi \u00f6nderi Adelheid Popp - 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