{"id":4533,"date":"2010-04-29T17:14:05","date_gmt":"2010-04-29T14:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/04\/29\/yil-1900-harkovda-yapilacak-1-mayis-kutlamalari-uzerine-vilenin\/"},"modified":"2010-04-29T17:14:05","modified_gmt":"2010-04-29T14:14:05","slug":"yil-1900-harkovda-yapilacak-1-mayis-kutlamalari-uzerine-vilenin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/yil-1900-harkovda-yapilacak-1-mayis-kutlamalari-uzerine-vilenin\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u0131l 1900 – Harkov’da yap\u0131lacak 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine | V.\u0130.Lenin"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/thewiredworldofjd.files.wordpress.com\/2009\/12\/rtemagicc_lenin_ve_bayrak.jpg\")
1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda Harkov\u2019da yap\u0131lan 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bu bro\u015f\u00fcr, Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi Harkov Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen anlat\u0131mlar temelinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bize gazete haberi olarak g\u00f6nderilmesine ra\u011fmen boyutlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ve daha yayg\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir bro\u015f\u00fcr olarak yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 uygun bulduk. Alt\u0131 ay sonra Rus i\u015f\u00e7ileri yeni y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n\u0131 kutlayacaklar ve bu kutlamalar\u0131 hem m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ok yerde hem de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar etkili tarzda organize etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamam\u0131z gerekiyor. Kutlamalar kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n hem say\u0131s\u0131 hem de \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fckleri ve sergileyecekleri s\u0131n\u0131f bilinci, Rus halk\u0131n\u0131n siyasal kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in kararl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ve en sonu, proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal geli\u015fimi ve sosyalizm i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131m f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak etkili olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gelecek 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanman\u0131n zaman\u0131d\u0131r ve bu haz\u0131rl\u0131k tedbirlerinin en \u00f6nemlileri, Rusya\u2019daki Sosyal Demokrat hareketin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, hareketimizin genel eksikliklerini ve \u00f6zellikle de bu eksiklikleri gidermek ve daha ileri sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in de 1 May\u0131s hareketini incelemektir.<\/p>\n
Harkov\u2019daki 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131, bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bayram\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir siyasal g\u00f6steriye nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fini ve bu kutlamalar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li proletaryan\u0131n Rusya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6steriye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmemiz i\u00e7in neyin eksik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Harkov\u2019daki 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir olay haline getiren nedir? Grevdeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, caddelerde devasa kitle g\u00f6sterileri, k\u0131z\u0131l bayraklar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, duyurularda ortaya koyulan talepler ve sekiz saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc ve siyasal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck taleplerinin devrimci karakteri. Rus i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin siyasal m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in yeterince olgun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, salt ekonomik m\u00fccadeleyle ilgilenmeleri gerekti\u011fi, Rusya\u2019daki siyasal sistemin t\u00fcm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil k\u0131smi siyasal reformlar i\u00e7in azar azar ve yava\u015f yava\u015f hareket etmeleri gerekti\u011fi efsanesi, Harkov\u2019daki 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131yla t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. Fakat biz burada sorunun bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6n\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmek istiyoruz. Harkov\u2019daki 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131 Rus i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin siyasal yeteneklerini bir kez daha g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu yeteneklerin b\u00fct\u00fcnsel geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in bizde neyin eksik oldu\u011funu da ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Harkovlu Sosyal Demokratlar 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131na \u00f6nceden bro\u015f\u00fcr ve bildiriler da\u011f\u0131tarak haz\u0131rlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve i\u015f\u00e7iler genel g\u00f6steri ve Konnaya Meydan\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak konu\u015fmalar i\u00e7in bir plan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Bu plan neden ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131? Harkovlu yolda\u015flar, bunun nedeni olarak s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li sosyalist i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u201cgenel kurmay\u0131n\u0131n\u201d g\u00fc\u00e7lerini d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir fabrikada \u00e7ok say\u0131da, di\u011ferinde pek az olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin plan\u0131n\u0131n \u201c(devlet) yetkililer(i) taraf\u0131ndan bilindi\u011fini\u201d ve onlar\u0131n da i\u015f\u00e7ileri b\u00f6lmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nlemleri ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lacak sonu\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: biz \u00f6rg\u00fctten yoksunuz. I\u015f\u00e7i kitleleri harekete ge\u00e7ti ve sosyalist \u00f6nderleri izlemeye haz\u0131rd\u0131; fakat \u201cgenel kurmay\u201d s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li i\u015f\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcm haz\u0131r g\u00fc\u00e7lerini uygun \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131tamad\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan eylem planlar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yetkililer de\u011fil \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bireyler i\u00e7in de gizli kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamad\u0131. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fct, devrimci bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal Demokrat i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin g\u00f6revlerini net olarak kavrayan ve mevcut siyasal sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele vermeye kendilerini adam\u0131\u015f erkek ve kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyalist bilgiyi Rus devrimci entelijensiyas\u0131n\u0131n ony\u0131llar\u0131 bulan faaliyetinden edinilen devrimci deneyimle, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bilgisiyle ve kitleler i\u00e7erisinde ajitasyon ve onlara ileri i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00f6zg\u00fc tarzda \u00f6nderlik etme yetene\u011fiyle kendisinde birle\u015ftirebilmelidir. Ayd\u0131nlarla i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda yapay bir b\u00f6l\u00fcnme yaratmamak, \u201csaf i\u015f\u00e7ilerden\u201d olu\u015fan bir \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmamak, aksine hepsinin \u00f6tesinde yukar\u0131da belirtilen bile\u015fime ula\u015fmak as\u0131l sorunumuz olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda G. Plehanov\u2019un a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u00f6zlerine ba\u015fvural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
\u201cBu faaliyet [ajitasyon] i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015ful, varolan devrimci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin peki\u015ftirilmesidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131nda propaganda, birbiriyle ili\u015fkisi olmayan ve birbirinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bile habersiz erkekler ve kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir; s\u00f6ylemeye bile gerek yok ki, \u00f6rg\u00fct eksikli\u011fi de propaganday\u0131 etkiler, fakat imkans\u0131z hale getirmez. Fakat bir b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal alt\u00fcst olu\u015f d\u00f6neminde, siyasal atmosfer \u015furada burada en \u00e7e\u015fitli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 gitgide daha s\u0131k patlamalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ferek yakla\u015fan devrimci f\u0131rt\u0131nay\u0131 m\u00fcjdeleyecek tarzda elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fcyken -k\u0131sacas\u0131 ya ajitasyon yapmak ya da geride durmak gerekirken, yaln\u0131zca \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc devrimci g\u00fc\u00e7ler olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fimini ciddi olarak etkileyebilirler. Bu durumda birey g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fir; devrimci dava ancak daha y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczenin birimlerinin -devrimci \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin- omuzlar\u0131nda ileriye ta\u015f\u0131nabilir\u201d (G. Plehanov, Sosyalistlerin K\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele G\u00f6revleri, s. 83).<\/p>\n
Rus i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin tarihinde kesinlikle b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6nem, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden meydana gelen alt\u00fcst olu\u015f ve patlamalar d\u00f6nemi yakla\u015f\u0131yor ve \u201cgeride kalmak\u201d istemiyorsak, t\u00fcm \u00e7abam\u0131z\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn patlamalara k\u0131lavuzluk etme ve bu \u015fekilde yakla\u015fan (Harkov i\u015f\u00e7isinin de bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn sonunda de\u011findi\u011fi) f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n ilkel bir patlama de\u011fil, otokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm halk\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n proletaryan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bilin\u00e7li bir hareket olmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye alabilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn Rusya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmaya y\u00f6neltmeliyiz.<\/p>\n
Harkov\u2019daki 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131, devrimci \u00f6rg\u00fctlerimizin birlik ve haz\u0131rl\u0131k yetersizli\u011fini g\u00f6stermenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli pratik ipucu da verdi. Bro\u015f\u00fcrde \u201c1 May\u0131s bayram\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterisinde\u201d deniyor, \u201cgerekli haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli pratik taleplerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131k ve sonu\u00e7ta genel bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131k.\u201d \u00d6rne\u011fin, demiryolu at\u00f6lye i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 talepleri ele alal\u0131m. Ond\u00f6rt talepten onbiri, mevcut siyasal sistem i\u00e7erisinde dahi kolayl\u0131kla elde edilebilecek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iyile\u015ftirmelerdi -\u00fccretlerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleye son verilmesi. Bu talepler i\u00e7erisinde, onlarla ayn\u0131 imi\u015f gibi \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 talep de bulunuyordu: 4) sekiz saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc, 7) i\u015f\u00e7ilerin 1 May\u0131s olaylar\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ma\u011fdur edilmemesi ve 10) i\u015f\u00e7iler ve patronlar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere birle\u015fik bir komitenin kurulmas\u0131. Bu taleplerin ilki (4. madde), d\u00fcnya proletaryas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fckseltilen genel bir taleptir; bu talebin ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, Harkov\u2019un ileri i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin d\u00fcnya sosyalist i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketiyle dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funun bilincinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Fakat tam da bu nedenle bu talep, formenlerden daha iyi muamele g\u00f6rmek ya da y\u00fczde onluk \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi ikincil talepler aras\u0131nda yer almamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da daha iyi muamele talepleri her s\u00f6zle\u015fmede i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan patronlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunulabilir; bunlar farkl\u0131 kategorilerden i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6ne s\u00fcrebilece\u011fi (ve s\u00fcrmesi gereken) s\u00f6zle\u015fme talepleridir. Sekiz saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc talebi ise, tek tek patronlara de\u011fil, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumsal ve siyasal sistemin temsilcisi olan devlet makamlar\u0131na, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131fa, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sahiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn proletaryan\u0131n talebidir. Sekiz saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc talebi, \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O, uluslararas\u0131 sosyalist hareketle dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n deklare edilmesidir. I\u015f\u00e7ilerin bu fark\u0131 anlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamam\u0131z gerekiyor, b\u00f6ylelikle onlar, sekiz saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc talebini \u00fccretsiz demiryolu bileti ya da bir bek\u00e7inin i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi talepler derekesine indirmeyeceklerdir. Y\u0131l boyunca i\u015f\u00e7iler, patronlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nce bir yerde, sonra di\u011ferinde s\u00fcrekli olarak k\u0131smi talepler \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer ve bunlar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ederler. Sosyalistler, i\u015f\u00e7ilere bu m\u00fccadelede yard\u0131m ederken, onun proletaryan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerdeki kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 her zaman a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Ve 1 May\u0131s da, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kavrad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve m\u00fccadeleleriyle kararl\u0131l\u0131kla birle\u015ftirdiklerini g\u00f6sterdikleri g\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi de uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in bir komitenin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren onuncu talebi ele alal\u0131m. I\u015f\u00e7i ve patronlar\u0131n temsilcilerinden olu\u015fan b\u00f6yle bir komite elbette ki \u00e7ok yararl\u0131 olur, fakat ancak se\u00e7imlerin tamamen \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve se\u00e7ilen temsilcilerin tam anlam\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla. I\u015fletmenin kuklalar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcadele eden ya da i\u015fletmeye g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tarzda sald\u0131rarak onun zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fhir eden i\u015f\u00e7iler sonunda i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacaksa, b\u00f6yle bir komite ne i\u015fe yarayacakt\u0131r ki? Bu i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmakla kalmayacak, ayn\u0131 zamanda tutuklanacakt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta, bu komite i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hizmetinde olacaksa, delegeler \u00f6ncelikle fabrika y\u00f6netiminden t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu ise ancak pek \u00e7ok fabrikay\u0131 kucaklayan \u00f6zg\u00fcr sendikalar, kendi kaynaklar\u0131na sahip ve delegelerini koruyacak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan sendikalar varsa sa\u011flanabilir. B\u00f6yle bir komite, ancak i\u015fkolundaki pek \u00e7ok fabrika, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse t\u00fcm fabrikalar \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcyse yararl\u0131 olabilir. Ikincisi, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yasal haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7i\u011fnenmemesini, yani polis veya jandarma taraf\u0131ndan keyfi olarak tutuklanmamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak g\u00fcvenceler elde etmek zorunludur (madde 7). Fakat i\u015f\u00e7iler yasal haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn (komitelerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bunun zorunlu ko\u015ful oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck) \u00e7i\u011fnenmemesi g\u00fcvencesini kimden talep edebilirler? Yaln\u0131zca devlet makamlar\u0131ndan, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yasal haklar\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlal edilmemesi g\u00fcvencesi, Rus devletinin temel yasalar\u0131 ile ilgilidir. Bundan da \u00f6nemlisi, tam da Rusya\u2019daki y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya\u2019daki y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi, mutlak monar\u015fidir. \u00c7ar bir otokratt\u0131r, yasalar\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve t\u00fcm y\u00fcksek memurlar\u0131 halk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, halk\u0131n temsilcilerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n atar. B\u00f6yle bir devlet sisteminde, ki\u015fi haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmemesi s\u00f6z konusu olamaz; yurtta\u015flar\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoktur. Bu nedenle, otokratik bir y\u00f6netimden ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n (ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn) g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmek anlams\u0131zd\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle bir talep, halk i\u00e7in siyasal haklar talep etmekle e\u015f anlaml\u0131d\u0131r ve otokratik bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet tam da halk\u0131n siyasal haklar\u0131n\u0131n inkar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in otokrat olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n (ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn) ihlal edilmemesini g\u00fcvenceye almak, ancak halk\u0131n temsilcilerinin yasamaya ve devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Halk\u0131 temsil eden bir organ var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, otokratik y\u00f6netim i\u015f\u00e7ilere k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tavizler vererek bir eliyle verdi\u011fini her zaman di\u011fer eliyle geri alacakt\u0131r. Harkov\u2019daki 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131, bunun b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funun canl\u0131 bir kan\u0131t\u0131 oldu -vali i\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerinin taleplerini kabul etti ve tutuklananlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131, fakat bir iki g\u00fcn sonra St. Petersburg\u2019dan gelen emirler \u00fczerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i yeniden topland\u0131. B\u00f6lge ve fabrika yetkilileri delegelere dokunulmazl\u0131k \u201cg\u00fcvencesi\u201d veriyor, fakat jandarmalar onlar\u0131 yakal\u0131yor ve hapse t\u0131k\u0131p tecrite at\u0131yor veya \u015fehirden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ediyor! Bu g\u00fcvencelerin halka ne faydas\u0131 var?<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00fczden de i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7ardan halk\u0131n temsilcilerini toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131, Zemski Sobor\u2019un toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmelidirler. Bu y\u0131l 1 May\u0131s \u00f6ncesinde Harkov\u2019da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan manifesto, bu talebi y\u00fckseltti ve g\u00f6rd\u00fck ki, ileri i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu talebin \u00f6nemini tam anlam\u0131yla kavrad\u0131. T\u00fcm ileri i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bu talebin zorunlulu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kavrad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmal\u0131 ve yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i kitleleri aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ba\u011flant\u0131ya ge\u00e7en ve sosyalistlerin ve \u201c\u015fehirli\u201d i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ne i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek arzusundaki halk\u0131n t\u00fcm katmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaymal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu y\u0131l bir fabrika m\u00fcfetti\u015fi bir grup i\u015f\u00e7iye tam olarak ne istediklerini sorduklar\u0131nda, i\u00e7lerinden sadece biri \u201cBir anayasa!\u201d diye hayk\u0131rd\u0131; ve bu ses o kadar yaln\u0131zd\u0131 ki, muhabir dalga ge\u00e7erek \u015f\u00f6yle yazd\u0131: \u201cBir proleter yumurtlad\u0131\u2026\u201d Bir di\u011fer muhabir de \u201cBu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda\u201d, bu yan\u0131t\u0131n \u201cyar\u0131 komik\u201d oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131 (bak\u0131n\u0131z Harkov\u2019daki \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Hareketi, Rus Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi Harkov Komitesi, yay\u0131nlayan Rabo\u00e7eye Dyelo, Cenevre, Eyl\u00fcl 1900, s. 14). Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu yan\u0131t hi\u00e7 de komik de\u011fildi. Komik g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, bu yaln\u0131z sesin t\u00fcm devlet sisteminin de\u011fi\u015fmesi talebi ile i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131m saat k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fccretlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinde \u00f6denmesi talebi aras\u0131ndaki uyumsuzluktu. Ne var ki, bu taleplerle anayasa talebi aras\u0131nda kesin bir ba\u011flant\u0131 vard\u0131r; ve biz kitlelerin bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kavramas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirsek (ve kesinlikle de sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131z), o zaman \u201cBir anayasa!\u201d \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131z kalmayacak, binlerce ve y\u00fczbinlerce bo\u011fazdan \u00e7\u0131kacak, o zaman da art\u0131k komik de\u011fil y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. O kadar ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r ki, 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Harkov caddelerinde arabada giden biri arabac\u0131ya i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ne istedi\u011fini sordu\u011funda onun yan\u0131t\u0131 \u201cSekiz saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc ve kendi gazetelerini istiyorlar\u201d oldu. Arabac\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sadece i\u015fsizlik yard\u0131m\u0131 ile yetinmeyip \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak istediklerini, taleplerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmek ve onlar i\u00e7in sava\u015fmak istediklerini anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat bu yan\u0131t, yine de i\u015f\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcm halk\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve devlet y\u00f6netiminde yer alma hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ettikleri bilincini ifade etmiyordu. \u00c7ar\u0131n bir halk temsilcileri meclisi toplamas\u0131 talebi Rusya\u2019daki t\u00fcm sanayi \u015fehirlerinde ve fabrika havzalar\u0131ndaki i\u015f\u00e7i kitleleri taraf\u0131ndan tam bir kavray\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131lmaz bir kararl\u0131l\u0131kla tekrar edildi\u011finde; i\u015f\u00e7iler t\u00fcm \u015fehir n\u00fcfusunun ve \u015fehirlere gelen t\u00fcm k\u0131r halk\u0131n\u0131n sosyalistlerin ne istedi\u011fini ve ne i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etti\u011fini kavrad\u0131klar\u0131nda, o zaman halk\u0131n polis zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtuldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcn \u00e7ok uzak olmayacakt\u0131r!<\/p>\n
Lenin taraf\u0131ndan 1900 Kas\u0131m ba\u015f\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1901 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda Iskra taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201cHarkov\u2019da May\u0131s G\u00fcnleri\u201d adl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcrde \u00f6ns\u00f6z olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Se\u00e7me Eserler, cilt 4.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda Harkov\u2019da yap\u0131lan 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bu bro\u015f\u00fcr, Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi Harkov Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen anlat\u0131mlar temelinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bize gazete haberi olarak g\u00f6nderilmesine ra\u011fmen boyutlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ve daha yayg\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir bro\u015f\u00fcr olarak yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 uygun bulduk. Alt\u0131 ay sonra Rus i\u015f\u00e7ileri yeni y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk 1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-vladimir-ilyic-lenin"],"yoast_head":"\n
Y\u0131l 1900 - Harkov'da yap\u0131lacak 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine | V.\u0130.Lenin - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/04\/29\/yil-1900-harkovda-yapilacak-1-mayis-kutlamalari-uzerine-vilenin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Y\u0131l 1900 - Harkov'da yap\u0131lacak 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine | V.\u0130.Lenin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda Harkov\u2019da yap\u0131lan 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bu bro\u015f\u00fcr, Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi Harkov Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen anlat\u0131mlar temelinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bize gazete haberi olarak g\u00f6nderilmesine ra\u011fmen boyutlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ve daha yayg\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir bro\u015f\u00fcr olarak yay\u0131nlamay\u0131 uygun bulduk. 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