{"id":4612,"date":"2010-06-08T11:49:00","date_gmt":"2010-06-08T08:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/06\/08\/onu-taniyan-tanimlayamaz-onu-tanimlayan-taniyamaz-enelhak-hallac-i-mansur\/"},"modified":"2010-06-08T11:49:00","modified_gmt":"2010-06-08T08:49:00","slug":"onu-taniyan-tanimlayamaz-onu-tanimlayan-taniyamaz-enelhak-hallac-i-mansur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/06\/08\/onu-taniyan-tanimlayamaz-onu-tanimlayan-taniyamaz-enelhak-hallac-i-mansur\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u2019nu tan\u0131yan, tan\u0131mlayamaz; O\u2019nu tan\u0131mlayan, tan\u0131yamaz. | EnelHak – Hallac-\u0131 Mansur"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/www.gucder.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hallaci-mansur.jpg\")
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerindeki s\u0131rlar\u0131 pamuk gibi lif lif edip a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201eHall\u00e2c\u201d (Hall\u00e2c-\u0131 Esr\u00e2r)[1] unvan\u0131yla, davas\u0131n\u0131n zafere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa i\u015faretle de \u201eMansur\u201d ad\u0131yla, ayr\u0131ca Hindistan\u2019da \u201eAl-Mucit\u201d (icad eden, yaratan), \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da \u201eAl-Mukit\u201d, Horasan \u00e7evresinde \u201eAl-Mamayyaz\u201dveya \u201eAl \u015eah Hallac Al-Asrar\u201d (s\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zenlerin \u015eah\u0131) adlar\u0131yla an\u0131lan Hallac\u0131 Mansur\u2019un as\u0131l ad\u0131 H\u00fcseyin\u2019dir. Hicri 244 (Mil\u00e2di 857-8\u2019de) G\u00fcney \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Fars eyaletin-de Bayza yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki al-Tur kasabas\u0131nda do\u011fdu. B\u00fcy\u00fck babas\u0131 Mahamma Al-Bayzavi, Zerd\u00fc\u015ft inanc\u0131na mensuptu. Mansur, Vas\u0131t\u2019ta belli bir s\u00fcre e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, oniki ya\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcster\u2019e gitti. \u0130ki y\u0131l T\u00fcster\u2019de kalan Mansur, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f mutasavv\u0131flardan Sahl Al-Tustari\u2019den (\u00f6l. H. 283\/M. 896) tasavvuf dersleri ald\u0131. Hocas\u0131yla fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, tekrar Vas\u0131t\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda Basra\u2019ya gitti, burada tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sufilerden \u00d6mer ibn Osman Al-Makki (\u00f6l 297\/909)\u2019nin yan\u0131nda onsekiz ay e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Basra\u2019da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sufilerden Abu Yakub Al-Akta\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Umm Al-H\u00fcseyn\u2019le evlendi. Tasavvuf konusunda hocas\u0131 Al-Maki ve kay\u0131npederi Al-Akta\u00a0 ile anla\u015famayan, hatta kay\u0131npederi taraf\u0131ndan dinsizlikle su\u00e7lanan Mansur, onsekiz ya\u015flar\u0131nda Ba\u011fdad\u2019a gitti.<\/p>\n
Burada Ba\u011fdad tasavvuf okulunun \u00f6nc\u00fclerinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f mutasavv\u0131flar\u0131ndan C\u00fcneyd Ba\u011fdadi (Al Cunayd \u0130bn Muhammad, \u00f6l. 298\/910), ayr\u0131ca Eb\u00fc\u2019l-H\u00fcseyin Ahmed en-Nuri\u00a0 (\u00f6l. 295\/907) gibi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sufilerin sohbetlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ok erken ya\u015flarda kendini tasavvufa veren Mansur\u2019un en yak\u0131n dostu ve hocas\u0131 C\u00fcneyd Ba\u011fdadi idi. Mansur, 877-897 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tam yirmi y\u0131l C\u00fcneyd Ba\u011fdadi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda kald\u0131. C\u00fcneyd\u2019in uyar\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen hakikat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmaktan \u00e7ekinmeyen Hallac\u2019\u0131n hocas\u0131yla aralar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 897\u2019de C\u00fcneyd\u2019den ayr\u0131lan Hallac, sufi elbisesini \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p, yerine \u201ckaba\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir tip elbise ve kolsuz bir c\u00fcbbe (murakka) giyip fikirlerini yaymak \u00fczere ba\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k, yal\u0131n ayak yollara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6nce Mekke\u2019yi ziyaret etti, daha sonra Horasan\u2019a ge\u00e7ti; Mave-ra\u00fcnnehir, Sicistan, Kirman, T\u00fcrkistan, Hoten, Turfan, Hindistan, \u00c7in\u2019i, Ma\u00e7in\u2019i (\u00c7in\u2019in g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesini) dola\u015ft\u0131; Ka\u015fmir\u2019deki Hindular, Ma\u00e7in\u2019deki T\u00fcrklerle bulu\u015ftu ve T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Horasan, Mevera\u00fcnnehir ve T\u00fcrkistan b\u00f6lgelerinde tasavvuf hareketinin geli\u015f-mesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131. Daha sonra bu b\u00f6lgelerden Anadolu\u2019ya gelen, uygarl\u0131klar hazinesi Anadolu\u2019nun bu zengin inan\u00e7 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr mozai\u011finden de etkilenerek, Anadolu Alevi-Bekta\u015fi inanc ve \u00f6\u011fretisinin temellerini atan, ba\u015fta Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm Rum erenlerinin, Ahiyan-\u0131, Baciyan-\u0131, Gaziyan-\u0131 Abdalan-\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n, yani Anadolu Erenleri ve Bac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 mistik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte olmalar\u0131 bir rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildir. Hind mistik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan da etkilenen Hallac-\u0131 Mansur, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir geziden sonra tekrar Ba\u011fdad\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve bir\u00e7ok mutasavv\u0131fa \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an mistik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, Ene\u2019l-Hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini burada yaymaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hallac\u2019\u0131n din konusundaki gizemci ve b\u00e2t\u0131ni (i\u00e7rek) yorumlar\u0131, ortodoks \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n zahiri yorumuyla (\u015feriatla) ba\u011fda\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Hallac, \u015fekilci, i\u00e7ten olmayan, yapmac\u0131k, akla ve mant\u0131\u011fa dayanmayan zahiri din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. O\u2019na g\u00f6re inan\u00e7ta esas, ilim irfanla, ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, temiz bir kalp ile \u00f6ze inmek, hakikata varmak, vahdet s\u0131rr\u0131na ermek; Hakk\u2019\u0131 kendi \u00f6z\u00fcnde, kendi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Hakk\u2019ta g\u00f6rmek ve Hak ile Hak olmakt\u0131r. Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli\u2019nin de bir deyi\u015finde ifade etti\u011fi gibi, insan ne ararsa kendisinde arama-l\u0131d\u0131r; Kud\u00fcs\u2019te, Mekke\u2019de, Hac\u2019da de\u011fil. Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019a g\u00f6re, en makbul hac, Hakk\u2019\u0131n dura\u011f\u0131 olan g\u00f6n\u00fcl k\u00e2besine yap\u0131lan hacd\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Hac halk i\u00e7indir, benim hacc\u0131m sevgiliyedir (Hakk\u2019ad\u0131r)<\/p>\n
Onlar koyun kurban ederler, ben ise kendi \u00f6z kan\u0131m\u0131…\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n
Hallac, savundu\u011fu \u201eEnelhak\u201c d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle, dini ve siyasi bir\u00e7ok \u00e7evrenin dikkatini ve tepkisini \u00fczerine \u00e7ekti; 912\u2019de tutuklan\u0131p hapse at\u0131ld\u0131. O\u2019nu z\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131kla su\u00e7alyan ve kan\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmesini helal sayan (ya halal ad-dam), Ebu \u00d6mer gibi kad\u0131lar\u0131n verdi\u011fi ve Abbasi halifelerinden Al-Muktadir\u2019in (908-932) veziri H\u00e2mid bin Al-Abbas taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan idam ferman\u0131yla, Hallac\u0131 Mansur, 24 zilk\u00e2de 309 (26 Mart 922)\u2019de Ba\u011fdad\u2019\u0131n B\u00e2b\u00fctt\u00e2k semtinde kurulan dara\u011fac\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken, \u00f6nce k\u0131rba\u00e7land\u0131, elleri, ayaklar\u0131, burnu, dili, kulaklar\u0131 kesildi, g\u00f6zleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, daha sonra cellat Ebu\u2019l H\u00e2ris taraf\u0131ndan as\u0131larak idam edildi. Hallac\u2019\u0131n kesik ba\u015f\u0131, Dicle k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinde iki g\u00fcn as\u0131l\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, Horasan\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp, b\u00f6lgede dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak te\u015fhir edildi. Bedeni yak\u0131l\u0131p, k\u00fcl\u00fc Dicle sular\u0131na at\u0131ld\u0131; insanl\u0131\u011fa \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ise, Hakk\u2019\u0131n dura\u011f\u0131 olan g\u00f6n\u00fcllerde ebedile\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u201eMirac-\u0131 merdan ser-i dilest (erenlerin mirac\u0131 ba\u015ftan as\u0131lmak-t\u0131r). Dostlar\u0131m \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn beni! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcmdedir benim ya\u015fam\u0131m\u201d diyen Hallac\u0131 Mansur, g\u00fclerek, semah d\u00f6nerek dara\u011fac\u0131na gitti. Kalbi Hakk\u2019\u0131n dura\u011f\u0131 olan Mansur, dar meydan\u0131nda toplanan kalabal\u0131\u011fa, \u201eHayalin g\u00f6z\u00fcmde, ad\u0131n dilimde nazlanmazs\u0131n \/ makam\u0131n kalbimde, dura\u011f\u0131n bende gizlenmezsin\u201d diyerek urgan\u0131 boynuna tak\u0131p a\u015fk ve Hak \u015fehidi olurken, son s\u00f6z\u00fc yine \u201cHak Hak Enelhak\u201d oldu.<\/p>\n
O\u2019nu tan\u0131yan, tan\u0131mlayamaz;<\/p>\n
O\u2019nu tan\u0131mlayan, tan\u0131yamaz.<\/p>\n
Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019u kendisine ruhi rehber kabul eden \u00fcnl\u00fc mutasavv\u0131flardan Fer\u00eed\u00fcddin Att\u00e2r (\u00f6. 1220), Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un dara\u011fac\u0131na gidi\u015fini, Tezkiret\u00fc\u2019l-Evliya adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
O\u2019nun (Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un) bir\u00e7ok kerametler, mucizeler g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Dedikodular yay\u0131l\u0131p gitti ve s\u00f6zleri Halifeye ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sonunda karar verildi, O, \u201eEnelhak\u201c dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6lmeliydi.<\/p>\n
Halife, O\u2019nu hapise att\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6nce \u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcz de\u011fnek vurdular. Her vuru\u015fta de\u011fnekten bir ses gelirdi: \u201eYa Mansur, la tahhaf, yani korkma!\u201c Sonra dara\u011fac\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. O\u2019nu, al-Tak Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda kurulan dara\u011fac\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcklerinde, O, e\u011filip dara\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6pt\u00fc ve aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 merdivene koydu.<\/p>\n
\u201eKendini nas\u0131l hissediyorsun\u201d diye alay ettiler. Hallac, \u201eger\u00e7ek insan\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi, dara\u011fac\u0131n en u\u00e7 tepesinden ge\u00e7er\u201d diye yan\u0131t verdi.<\/p>\n
Mansur, y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc Mekke\u2019ye d\u00f6nderdi, elini havaya kald\u0131rd\u0131, \u201eHak Hak Ene\u2019l-Hak\u201c deyip dua etti ki; \u201eO\u2019nu kim bilir? O bilir…\u201c<\/p>\n
Sonra ellerini kestiler; O, g\u00fcld\u00fc. Dediler ki \u201cbu g\u00fclmek nedendir?\u201d Hallac dedi ki: \u201cBu eller, istemek elleridir; kesmek ac\u0131 vermez. Er odur ki, s\u0131fat elini ar\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinden \u00e7eke ve kese. O el, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck elidir.\u201c<\/p>\n
Ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 kestiler. O g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek, \u201ebu ayaklarla d\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131m. \u015eimdi her iki d\u00fcnyada da dola\u015facak di\u011fer ayaklar\u0131m vard\u0131r. Yapabiliyorsan\u0131z, bu ayaklar\u0131m\u0131 kesiniz!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Sonra, kanayan kollar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcne s\u00fcrd\u00fc, b\u00f6ylece y\u00fcz\u00fc kana buland\u0131. O\u2019na, \u201eneden bunu yapt\u0131n?\u201d diye sordular. Hallac\u0131 Mansur \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verdi: \u201e\u00c7ok kan kaybetti\u011fim i\u00e7in y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcn rengi soldu. Sizler zannediyorsunuz ki, bu sararma korkudand\u0131r. Kan\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcme s\u00fcrd\u00fcm ki, yanaklar\u0131m\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlerinize ili\u015fsin.\u201d<\/p>\n
Sonra g\u00f6zlerini oydular. Daha sonra dilini kesmek istediler. Mansur: \u201cSon bir c\u00fcmle konu\u015fmama m\u00fcsaade ediniz\u201d dedi ve g\u00f6\u011fe do\u011fru hayk\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cEy Tanr\u0131m! Senin u\u011fruna bana eziyet eden bu kullar\u0131n\u0131 cezaland\u0131rma (affet); sonsuz saadetlerinden, mutluluklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rakma. Allah\u0131m, sana hamd olsun, zira sana gelen yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken, bunlar ayaklar\u0131m\u0131 kestiler. E\u011fer ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da keserlerse, o zaman beni, zat\u0131 \u015fahanelerinizi g\u00f6rebilece\u011fim dara\u011fac\u0131n en uc tepesine \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f olacaklard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
Sonra burnunu, kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 kestiler. Hallac\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi son s\u00f6z \u015fu oldu: \u201cBir\u2019e (Hakk\u2019a) olan a\u015fk,\u00a0 O\u2019nunla birli\u011fe g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.\u201d Son s\u00f6zlerinden sonra, dilini kestiler. Ak\u015fam namaz\u0131nda ise ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kestiler. Onlar bunu yaparken, O g\u00fcl\u00fcmsedi. Hallac, ruhunu b\u00f6yle teslim etti…\u201d[2]<\/p>\n
Hallac\u0131 Mansur\u2019un Hakk\u2019a teslim olan ruhundan, topra\u011fa ak\u0131t\u0131lan kan\u0131ndan, Dicle\u2019ye savrulan k\u00fcl\u00fcnden ve y\u00fcreklere g\u00f6m\u00fclen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden y\u00fckselen nidalar, hep \u201eHak, Hak, Ene\u2019l-Hak!\u201c oldu.<\/p>\n
\u201eEnelhak\u201d (Ana\u2019l-Hak: Ben hakk\u0131m); s\u00f6z\u00fcm, \u00f6z\u00fcm hakt\u0131r; Hak, hakikat, do\u011fruluk bendedir, yani, Hz. Ali\u2019nin deyi\u015fiyle, koskoca bir evreni \u00f6z\u00fcnde ta\u015f\u0131yan, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kutsal olan \u00e2lemin kendisi (\u00e2lemi k\u00fcbra), k\u00e2inat\u0131n asl\u0131 ve c\u00fcmle yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n aynas\u0131 olan insandad\u0131r; her\u015fey insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcndedir, g\u00f6nl\u00fcndedir, hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey ondan ayr\u0131 de\u011fildir\u201c dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Hakk\u2019\u0131, hakikat\u0131 yabanda arayan \u00e7evrelerce dara \u00e7ekilen Hallac-\u0131 Mansur, \u201eEnelhak\u201d yerine herhalde \u201eEnelb\u00e2t\u0131l\u201d (ben ger\u00e7ek de\u011filim) diyemezdi[3]. Bu, bir anlamda, \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130talyan astronomu ve fizik\u00e7isi Galilei (Galileo, 1564-1642)\u2019nun \u201cd\u00fcnya d\u00fcn\u00fcyor\u201d dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in engizisyon mahkemesine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken, can\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in savundu\u011fu Kopernik \u00f6\u011fretisinden vazge\u00e7mesi gibi olacakt\u0131, fakat idamla yarg\u0131lanan Galileo, yine de aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yere vurarak \u201cEppur sie muove\u201d (Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnya d\u00f6n\u00fcyor)\u201d dedi. Hallac\u0131 Mansur, davas\u0131 u\u011fruna serini verdi, ama s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 vermedi. \u0130dam edildikten sonra, ba\u015fs\u0131z cesedi yak\u0131l\u0131p, k\u00fcl\u00fc Dicle sular\u0131na savruldu. Bir riv\u00e2yete g\u00f6re, Hallac\u0131 Mansur\u2019un, Dicle sular\u0131na at\u0131lan k\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn bile, \u201eEnelhak, Enelhak!…\u201d diyerek sular \u00fczerinde \u00e7a\u011flay\u0131p akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n
Fen\u00e2 i\u00e7re fen\u00e2 (birlik denizine dalan), bek\u00e2 i\u00e7re bek\u00e2 (\u00f6lmezlik) s\u0131rr\u0131na varan, nefsi m\u00fcrde (\u00f6l\u00fc), g\u00f6nl\u00fc zinde (diri, canl\u0131) olan Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019la ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi payla\u015fan \u015eeyh \u015eibli (861-945), \u201cHallac ile ben ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi savunuyorduk. Fakat, bana divanelik isnad ettiler, o sayede kurtuldum; ak\u0131ll\u0131 olmas\u0131 O\u2019nu hel\u00e2k etti. Hallac\u2019 \u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na bu b\u00fcy\u00fck fel\u00e2ket, s\u0131rf s\u0131rr\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na a\u00e7mas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diyor. Hak ile hak olan Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un ef\u00e2li (i\u015fleri), Efalullah; s\u0131fat\u0131, S\u0131fatullah, zat\u0131, Zatullah\u2019t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Halifenin emriyle, Pir Sultan Abdal\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, herkes Mansur\u2019a ta\u015f atarken, yak\u0131n dostu Seyyid \u015eibli ise g\u00fcl atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201e\u015eu ellerin ta\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 bana de\u011fmez \/ \u0130lle dostun g\u00fcl\u00fc yaralar beni!..\u201c diyerek y\u00fcrekten bir ah \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Dediler ki, \u201ebunca ta\u015f att\u0131lar hi\u00e7 t\u0131nmad\u0131n. Bu bir g\u00fclden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc ni\u00e7in ah ettin?\u201c Hallac, \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verdi: \u201eBana ta\u015f atanlar bilmezler; onlar mazurdurlar. Ama bana o g\u00fcl\u00fc atan bilirdi. Atmamas\u0131 gerekirdi. Att\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcl de olsa ah ettirir.\u201c<\/p>\n
Hallac\u0131 Mansur berd\u00e2r olunduktan (as\u0131ld\u0131ktan) sonra, \u0130blis (\u015eeytan), O\u2019nu g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve sorar: \u201eBir kez \u201aEna\u2019 sen dedin, bir kez \u201aEna\u2019 ben dedim; sen \u201aEne\u2019l-Hak\u2019 dedin, ben \u201aEna Hayrun\u2019 dedim. Bana lanet etti, sana rahmet etti;\u00a0 hikmeti nedir?\u201c H\u00fcseyin (Hallac\u0131 Mansur) \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verir: \u201eSen Ena\u2019dan niyyet kendine ettin (benlik davas\u0131 g\u00fctt\u00fcn). Ben Ena\u2019dan\u00a0 benli\u011fi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p benden uzak ettim. Hal durum b\u00f6yledir ki dedim.\u201d \u201cRahmetullahi aleyhi rahmeten vas\u0131a.\u201d Fi\u2019t-tarih min \u015fehr-i fi evayil-i Rabii\u2019l- evvel. Fi sene 815 (Haziran 1412)[4]<\/p>\n
Hallac\u2019\u0131n as\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Ba\u011fdad,\u00a0 art\u0131k \u201eana gibi yar, vatan gibi diyar olmad\u0131;\u201c Hallac\u2019\u0131n deyi\u015fiyle, \u201ezir \u00fc zeber (alt\u00fcst)\u201c oldu…<\/p>\n
Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un, Ba\u011fdad, Musul, Benegal, Hindistan, Basra\/ Salihye ve Trakya\/Gelibolu\u2019da makamlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kay-naklara g\u00f6re, Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un \u015fehid edilirken, Abbasi veziri Hamid taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanan v\u00fccudunun ba\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 Ba\u011fdad\u2019ta; g\u00f6vde k\u0131sm\u0131, Basra\/Salihye\u2019de; el, kol ve bacaklar\u0131 ise Gelibolu\u2019da defnedilmi\u015ftir.[5] <\/p>\n
Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un (Mansur al-Hallac\u2019\u0131n) Ba\u011fdad\u2019\u0131n fakir bir sem-tinde (Alavihille mahallesi, el Kerami hastahanesi sk. cad. 6\u2019da) bulu-nan, yo\u011fun binalar aras\u0131nda m\u00fctevazi bir yap\u0131dan olu\u015fan makam\u0131n\u0131, Necef ve Kerbel\u00e2\u2019ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z seyahat\u0131m\u0131z esnas\u0131nda ziyaret etmi\u015f-tik (18 Nisan 2000). Tahminen 4×6 m2\u2019lik bir alanda olu\u015fan meydan\u0131n orta yerinde \u00fczeri ye\u015fil \u00e7uhayla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir sandukadan olu\u015fan, Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019a ait bir kabir, t\u00fcrbenin duvarlar\u0131nda ise, Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un s\u00f6zlerinden olu\u015fan \u00e7er\u00e7evelenerek as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 yaz\u0131lar yer almaktad\u0131r. Ak sakall\u0131 bir dervi\u015f taraf\u0131ndan beklenilen T\u00fcrbe,\u00a0 olduk\u00e7a bak\u0131ms\u0131z bir durumdayd\u0131. Bu da, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcre, \u015feriat\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde fazla \u00f6nem verilmedi\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesiydi. Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un bu tasavvufi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, edebiyat\u0131ndan cem t\u00f6renlerine kadar daha \u00e7ok Anadolu Alevili\u011fi\u2019nde egemendir. Bu anlamda, Gelibolu\u2019da O\u2019na ait bir makam\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 bir rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un Gelibolu\u2019daki t\u00fcrbesi, Fener yolu kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda Hamzakoy\u2019a ve Marmara\u2019ya hakim bir yerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrbeyi,\u00a0 Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019la ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in Bolay\u0131r\/Gelibolu\u2019ya gitti\u011fimde ziyaret ettim (25 Haziran 1999). Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde, \u0130skender \u00c7elebi t\u00fcrbesi stilinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu t\u00fcrbe, 1971\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir onar\u0131mla\u00a0 bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan kurtar\u0131l\u0131p\u00a0 ziyaret\u00e7ilere a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrbenin i\u00e7inde iki kabir bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan, meydan\u0131n orta yerinde, \u00fczeri ye\u015fil \u00e7uhayla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sandukadan olu\u015fan t\u00fcrbenin Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019a, giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sol taraf\u0131nda yer alan t\u00fcrbenin ise Dar\u00fczre Mira\u00e7 Han\u0131m\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un ya\u015fam felsefesini, inan\u00e7 ve mistik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bizlere tan\u0131tan, O\u2019nun hapiste iken yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKit\u00e2b Al-Tav\u00e2sin\u201d, ayr\u0131-ca \u015fiirilerinden olu\u015fan Div\u00e2n Al-Hallac ve s\u00f6zlerinden derlenen Ahbar Al-Hallac adl\u0131 eserleridir. Bu yap\u0131tlar, Massignon taraf\u0131ndan 1913\u2019lerde Frans\u0131zcaya \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n
1906\u2019da Frans\u0131z Arkeloji enst\u00fct\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere arkeolog olarak Kahire\u2019ye giden ve oradan Ba\u011fdad\u2019a ge\u00e7en Frans\u0131z \u015farkiyat\u00e7\u0131 Louis Massignon (1883-1962), burada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131k bir testi \u00fczerinde Hallac\u2019\u0131n bir dizesiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Hallac\u2019\u0131n mistik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden etkilenen Massignon, kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p ba\u015fta Hallac-\u0131 Mansur olmak \u00fczere, \u0130sl\u00e2m mistisizmiyle ilgili geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131 ve bu konuda \u00f6nemli eserler yay\u0131mlad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Yi\u011fitli\u011fin, ser verip s\u0131r vermeyi\u015fin, ikrar\u0131ndan d\u00f6nmeyi\u015fin simgesi olarak Alevi-Bekta\u015fi cemlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, sorguda, g\u00f6rg\u00fcde ge\u00e7en canlar\u0131n M\u00fcr\u015fit huzurunda durduklar\u0131 ve ikrar verdikleri meydan\u0131n orta yerine \u201cD\u00e2r-\u0131 Mansur\u201d (Mansur\u2019un dar a\u011fac\u0131) ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcr\u015fit huzurunda ayaklar m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc (sa\u011f ayak ba\u015f parma\u011f\u0131 sol ayak ba\u015f parma\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde), eller g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste \u00e7arpaz veya\u00a0 yana sark\u0131k, ba\u015f hafiften sola e\u011fik bir vaziyette yap\u0131lan Mansur d\u00e2r\u0131\u2019ndaki bu duru\u015f \u015fekli, \u201eHallac\u0131 Mansur gibi verdi\u011fim ikrardan d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fim, yol u\u011fruna gerekirse can\u0131m\u0131 bile veririm\u201c anlam\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u201eben, zalimlerle birlikte varl\u0131k i\u00e7inde ya\u015famay\u0131 al\u00e7akl\u0131k, zalime kar\u015f\u0131 gelerek bulaca\u011f\u0131m \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise mutluluk sayar\u0131m\u201c diyerek, aile efrad\u0131 ve 72 taraftar\u0131yla birlikte k\u0131zg\u0131n Kerbel\u00e2 \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde Yezit ordular\u0131nca hunharca katledilen, yi\u011fitli\u011fin, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 diren-menin simgesi olan Kerbel\u00e2 \u015fehidi \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Hz. Fat\u0131ma\u2019y\u0131 anmak ve onlara ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek amac\u0131yla sa\u011f aya\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fparma\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sol aya\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fparma\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine, ellerini dizlerine veya sa\u011f eli kalbin \u00fczerine koyarak, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hafiften \u00f6ne e\u011fmek suretiyle niyaz vaziyetinde durarak yap\u0131lan \u201eD\u00e2r-\u0131 H\u00fcseyin\u201c veya \u201eD\u00e2r-\u0131 Fat\u0131ma\u201c; Hallac\u0131 Mansur gibi Enelhak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini savundu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015eirvan\u2019da Alancak kalesinde g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne b\u0131\u00e7ak saplanarak y\u00fcz \u00fcst\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131lan Fazlullah Hurufi (Astarabad 1339-\u015eirvan 1394) gibi, \u201ey\u00fcre\u011fime b\u0131\u00e7ak da saplansa yolumdan d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fim\u201c anlam\u0131nda secdeye kapanarak yap\u0131lan \u201eD\u00e2r-\u0131 Fazl\u0131\u201c; Enelhak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn-cesini savundu\u011fu i\u00e7in, baz\u0131 s\u00fcnni din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi fetvayla, Halep\u2019te derisi y\u00fcz\u00fclerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Seyyid \u0130madeddin Nesimi (Ba\u011fdad 1345 – Halep 1418) gibi, \u201ederim de y\u00fcz\u00fclse, yolumdan ve ikrar\u0131mdan d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fim\u201c anlam\u0131nda diz \u00e7\u00f6kmek suretiyle yap\u0131lan \u201eD\u00e2r-\u0131 Nesimi\u201c, Alevi-Bekta\u015filerin bu ululara duyduklar\u0131 derin sayg\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir ifadesidir.<\/p>\n
Hallac\u0131 Mansur\u2019dan Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli\u2019ye, Yunus Emre\u2019den Pir Sultan Abdal\u2019a ve \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Veysel\u2019e dek, b\u00fct\u00fcn Alevi-Bekta\u015fi ozanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Ehl-i Beyt sevgi ve sayg\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un felsefesi ve varl\u0131k birli\u011fi kuram\u0131 gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bizim meclis mestlerinin demleri Enelhak olur
Bin Hallac-\u0131 Mansur gibi onun kemin div\u00e2nesi.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Yunus Emre \u2013<\/p>\n
D\u00e2im Enelhak s\u00f6ylerem \/ Hakk\u2019dan \u00e7\u00fcn Mansur olmu\u015fam
Kimdir beni berd\u00e2r iden \/ Bu \u015fehre me\u015fhur olmu\u015fam.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Seyyid \u0130madeddin Nesimi \u2013<\/p>\n
Girelim Ali nuruna \/ Dural\u0131m Mansur d\u00e2r\u0131na
K\u00fcfr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u2019 iman yerine \/ Sayamazs\u0131n demedim mi?<\/p>\n
\u2013 Pir Sultan Abdal \u2013<\/p>\n
Fazliya \u00e7\u00fcn Hak benem, Hak bendedir, Hak s\u00f6ylerem
Yine Mansur ve\u015f (gibi) olup berd\u00e2ra gelmi\u015flerdeniz…<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan, Mutlak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sad\u0131k ve parlak bir aynas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsandan ba\u015fka canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z hi\u00e7bir mahluk b\u00f6yle bir eri\u015fim g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir… Madem ki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2lem Hakk\u2019\u0131n suretinden ibarettir.O halde her kim ve herhangi \u015fey \u201eben O\u201cyum dese, yalan s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc buradaki \u201eben\u201c s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e2lemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan s\u00f6ylemek mazhar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u015fahsa de\u011fil, \u00e2lem suretinin ger\u00e7ek sahibi bulunan Hakk\u2019a i\u015farettir.<\/p>\n
\u2013 \u015eeyh Bedreddin \u2013<\/p>\n
(Ali Duran G\u00fcl\u00e7i\u00e7ek: Alevilik, Bekta\u015filik, K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k ve Onlara Yak\u0131n \u0130nan\u00e7lar, K\u00f6ln\/\u0130stanbul 2004, 1. Cild, s. 63-70).<\/p>\n
Ali Duran G\u00fcl\u00e7i\u00e7ek <\/strong><\/p>\n DipNotlar<\/strong><\/p>\n [1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimi kaynaklarda, Mansur\u2019un, \u201eHall\u00e2c\u201c unvan\u0131n\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n mesle\u011finden dolay\u0131
ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.
[2]BOCK, E. 1991: 300.
[3]\u00dcnl\u00fc mutasavv\u0131flardan Eb\u00fclvef\u00e2 (Horasan\/Buzcan 10 Haziran 940-Ba\u011fdat 998\/ 1026),\u00a0 Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019u idamla yarg\u0131layan mollalara \u015funu s\u00f6yler: \u201eMansur, Enel-Hak demeyip te Enel-b\u00e2t\u0131l m\u0131, yani ben ger\u00e7ek de\u011filim mi deseydi?..\u201c
[4] FER\u00ceD\u00dcDD\u0130N ATT\u00c2R, 1988: 251-259.
[5]Gelibolu\u2019daki Hallac-\u0131 Mansur t\u00fcrbesinde, Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019la ilgili verilen bu bilgilerin Asya Sufileri kitab\u0131ndan (Urmiye\/Azerbaycan 1938) al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtil-mektedir. El yaz\u0131s\u0131yla bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu kaynak\u00e7ada Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un soyu, ilmi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi hakk\u0131nda ise \u015fu bilgiler verilmektedir:<\/p>\n
Mansur-u Halla\u00e7 \/ Dar-\u00fc s\u0131rre Mira\u00e7 \/ A\u015fk meydan\u0131nda sen de g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7.<\/p>\n
Hallac-\u0131 Mansur\u2019un soyu: Hz. Ey\u00fcp soyundan el Muhamma o\u011flu Mansur Gani o\u011flu H\u00fcseyin bin Hallac-\u0131 Mansur, a\u015fk ve Hak \u015fehididir. \u0130lmi: Ba\u011fdad tasavvuf okulundan\u00a0 800-950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 \u0130bn-i Ata C\u00fcneyd Ba\u011fdadi Abdullah el Horasan\u0131 (Ehl-i Beyt soyu), Sahl Al-Tustari\u2019den ders alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kalp g\u00f6z\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lan Mansur Allah\u2019a ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, ilm-i led\u00fcn\u00fc (Tanr\u0131sal \u00e2leme ait s\u0131rlar\u0131) insanl\u0131\u011fa anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan\u0131, ruh, beden ve ak\u0131l olarak ince-lemi\u015ftir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in Kaf Suresi 16. Ayeti \u201eBen size \u015fahdamar\u0131n\u0131zda daha yak\u0131n\u0131m\u201c emrini, \u201eAllah bizim kalbimizde\u201c; Hz. Muhammed\u2019in \u201einsan\u0131n kalbi Allah\u2019\u0131n evidir\u201c s\u00f6z\u00fcyle birle\u015ftirerek \u201eEnelhak, Hak bende, ben yarad\u0131lan Hakk\u2019 \u0131m\u201c demi\u015ftir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 ve Peygamberi anlatan Mansur\u2019u yanl\u0131\u015f anlayan Abbasi-lerin ba\u015f veziri Hamid, O\u2019nu \u015fehid etmi\u015ftir. Mansur \u015fehid olurken toplanan kalabal\u0131\u011fa: \u201ehayalin g\u00f6z\u00fcmde, ad\u0131n dilimde nazlanmazs\u0131n \/ makam\u0131n kalbim-de, dura\u011f\u0131n bende gizlenmezsin\u201c diyerek a\u015fk ve Hak \u015fehidi olmu\u015ftur. Mansur\u2019un kalbi, Hakk\u2019\u0131n dura\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. (…)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerindeki s\u0131rlar\u0131 pamuk gibi lif lif edip a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201eHall\u00e2c\u201d (Hall\u00e2c-\u0131 Esr\u00e2r)[1] unvan\u0131yla, davas\u0131n\u0131n zafere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa i\u015faretle de \u201eMansur\u201d ad\u0131yla, ayr\u0131ca Hindistan\u2019da \u201eAl-Mucit\u201d (icad eden, yaratan), \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da \u201eAl-Mukit\u201d, Horasan \u00e7evresinde \u201eAl-Mamayyaz\u201dveya \u201eAl \u015eah Hallac Al-Asrar\u201d (s\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zenlerin \u015eah\u0131) adlar\u0131yla an\u0131lan Hallac\u0131 Mansur\u2019un as\u0131l ad\u0131 H\u00fcseyin\u2019dir. Hicri 244 (Mil\u00e2di 857-8\u2019de) G\u00fcney […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4612","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel-tarih"},"yoast_head":"\n
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