![](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/Kralmidas.jpg\")
Kral Midas, Gordion kentinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f efsanevi Frigya kral\u0131d\u0131r. Kral olu\u015fu gibi ya\u015fam\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine de mitolojiler\u00a0 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca ac\u0131lar \u00e7ekmi\u015f olan Midas, “e\u015fek kulak”lar\u0131yla ya da “dokundu\u011fu her\u015feyi alt\u0131na \u00e7evirmesiyle” \u00fcnlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kral Midas, Ankara civar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Frigya’da M.\u00d6. 738 – M.\u00d6. 696 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Gordion olarak bilinen kentte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Midas, hem tarihi ki\u015fili\u011fi hem de mitolojik efsaneleri ile olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu s\u00f6ylencelerden birisi me\u015fhur “e\u015fek kulakl\u0131 Midas”d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, Midas’\u0131n ana karn\u0131nda bir hastal\u0131\u011fa yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kulak kanallar\u0131 asimetrik olarak do\u011fdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asimetrik kulak yap\u0131s\u0131 nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir hastal\u0131k \u015feklidir. \u00d6nden veya arkadan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bir kula\u011f\u0131n di\u011ferinden \u00e7ok daha yukar\u0131da veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7irkin bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm olu\u015fturan bu hastal\u0131k Midas’\u0131n kafatas\u0131nda belirgin izler de b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk\u0131ndan utanan Midas’\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir “serpu\u015f”la gezdi\u011fi, kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman g\u00f6remeyen halk\u0131n\u0131n ise, krallar\u0131n\u0131n kulaklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yorum yaparak, g\u00f6remedikleri kulaklar\u0131 e\u015fek kula\u011f\u0131na benzeterek krallar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda dedikodu yapt\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kuvvet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
“Antik Telmesos’tan ba\u015flay\u0131p, Ankara’da sona eren kader \u00e7izgisinin \u00fcnl\u00fc yolcusu Kral Midas’\u0131n ac\u0131 dolu ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc” demir \u00e7emberli tekerlerin a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kral Yolu’nda bir g\u00fcn eski bir araba yol almaktad\u0131r. Arabay\u0131 kullanan gence ya\u015fl\u0131 annesi ve orman i\u015f\u00e7isi babas\u0131 e\u015flik etmektedir. Annesinin do\u011fdu\u011fu Telmesos’u bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Fethiye’yi ve liman\u00a0 kenti Patara’y\u0131 arkalar\u0131nda b\u0131rakal\u0131 g\u00fcnler olmu\u015ftu. Bey da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 Toroslar’\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p kuzeye Frig \u00fclkesine do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmektedirler. Frig Kral\u0131 Gordios \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Halk \u00e7ok \u00fczg\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kral\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7ecek kimse yoktur. \u00dclkenin ileri gelenleri toplan\u0131r ve kahinlerden yard\u0131m ister. Kahinler kehanette bulunurlar ve \u015fu andan itibaren Gordion’a arabas\u0131yla ilk giren krald\u0131r. Kral Midas’t\u0131r art\u0131k O. Midas Frig \u00fclkesinin bilinen iki kral\u0131ndan bir tanesidir. Frig krallar\u0131 ya Gordios\u00a0 ya da Midas olarak an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ele ge\u00e7irilen \u00e7ok az belgeye dayanarak ba\u015fkent Gordion’un Gordios \u00fcnvanl\u0131 bir kral\u0131n kurdu\u011funu, Midas’\u0131n ise bundan sonra krall\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Arkeolojik belgelere g\u00f6re M.\u00d6. 1360 y\u0131l\u0131nda Anadolu ve Yunanistan \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli bir depremle sars\u0131l\u0131r. Bu arada bir\u00e7ok kent yerle bir olur. S\u00f6ylentilere g\u00f6re Atlantis k\u0131tas\u0131 da bu depremde yok olmu\u015f, sulara g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte bu felaketten sonra Eski Yunanistan ve Makedonya’n\u0131n Trakya kavimleri topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek yeni yurtlar ararlar. Bunlardan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Karadeniz’in kuzeyine y\u00f6nelir. Aralar\u0131na \u0130ran adl\u0131 bir kavminde bulundu\u011fu bu grup K\u0131r\u0131m \u00fczerinden Kafkasya’y\u0131 a\u015far ve bug\u00fcn \u0130ran olarak an\u0131lan topraklara yerle\u015firler. Di\u011fer bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise deniz yoluyla M\u0131s\u0131r’a yerle\u015fir. Ancak Firavun III. Ramses kendi deyi\u015fiyle \u00fclkesini arslanlar gibi korur ve onlar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r’a sokmaz. Bu d\u00f6nemde Anadolu’da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Hitit Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u00fclkeyi saran veba hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve isyan eden yerli kavimlerle u\u011fra\u015fmaktan zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Trakya’dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden di\u011fer bir grup M.\u00d6 1200 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bo\u011fazlar\u0131 ge\u00e7erek Anadolu’ya girer ve Anadolu’da Hitit hakimiyetine son verir. Frig’ler ba\u015fkenti Gordion olan bir krall\u0131k kurarak, k\u0131sa zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve Orta Anadolu’nun t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kaplarlar. Frigya en parlak d\u00f6nemini Kral Midas’la ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Midas \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc krallar\u0131ndan biridir ve Asur \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerde Mita olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Midas’\u0131n kral se\u00e7ili\u015fi ve ya\u015fam\u0131na h\u00fcz\u00fcn veren e\u015fek kulaklar\u0131 ne kadar efsanevi ise \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcde o denli efsanelere konu olmu\u015ftur. Midas kendini g\u00f6rkemli ve zapdedilmesi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir ba\u015fkente\u00a0 sahip san\u0131r. Ancak bug\u00fcn daha surlar\u0131 ve kale kap\u0131s\u0131 ile g\u00f6renleri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan Midas’\u0131n Gordion’u M.\u00d6 695 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran’dan gelen ve adeta \u00e7ekirge s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc gibi Anadolu’yu yiyip bitiren Kimmer Bask\u0131n\u0131na dayanamayarak yerle bir olmu\u015ftur. Midas bu bask\u0131ndan sa\u011f kurtulur ama o g\u00fcnden sonra s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir hayat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gordion’lu Midas art\u0131k kendi kaderini kendi tayin etmi\u015f ve harap olan Gordion y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde dola\u015f\u0131rken mitolojiye\u00a0 g\u00f6re bo\u011fa kan\u0131 i\u00e7erek intihar etmi\u015ftir. Fakat uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan Kral Midas’\u0131n kafatas\u0131 3 boyutlu tomogrofisi \u00e7ekilerek incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu incelemeler sonucunda kafatas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Kafatas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z \u00e7ukurunun sa\u011f k\u00f6\u015fesinden yukar\u0131 do\u011fru giden bir k\u0131r\u0131k hatt\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Al\u0131nan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir par\u00e7a patoloji uzmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle incelenerek kemik dokusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmamakla beraber mikroskobik seviyede yer yer kahverengi lekeler oldu\u011fu saptand\u0131. Kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel boya ile bu yer yer g\u00f6r\u00fclen kahverengi lekelerin demir i\u00e7eren ve kan elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan pigment oldu\u011fu patologlar taraf\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Midas’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm sebebinin mitolojide s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi bo\u011fa kan\u0131 i\u00e7erek intihar etmesinden de\u011fil, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f taraf\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe ile \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ispatlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilgililerce var oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen Midas’a ait v\u00fccut iskeletinin kayboldu\u011fu iddia edilir. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lan kafatas\u0131 ise bug\u00fcn lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu yer olan Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri M\u00fczesi’nde sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n
Midas Efsaneleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Tarihte Midas ile ilgili farkl\u0131 efsaneler vard\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00fcnl\u00fcleri “e\u015fek kulakl\u0131 Midas” ve “dokundu\u011fu her\u015feyi alt\u0131na \u00e7eviren Midas”d\u0131r.<\/p>\n “E\u015fek kulakl\u0131 kral Midas” efsanesi \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131l\u0131r: Yunan Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Apollon ve K\u0131r Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Pan aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak bir \u00e7alg\u0131 \u00e7alma yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Midas yarg\u0131\u00e7lardan biri olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. K\u0131r tanr\u0131s\u0131, kaval\u0131yla ho\u015f sesler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu; ama Apollon’un g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften lir’i her \u00e7alg\u0131dan \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fc. Apollon; \u00e7almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Musalar bile durup onu dinlerdi. Yarg\u0131\u00e7lardan ikincisi da\u011f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Tmolos, yengi \u00e7elengini Apollon’a verdi. Ama Midas oyunu yar\u0131\u015fma sonunda Pan’a y\u00f6nelik kullan\u0131nca Tanr\u0131 Apollon \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131 ve “g\u00fczel m\u00fczi\u011fi ay\u0131rt edemeyen kulak insan kula\u011f\u0131 olamaz , sana e\u015fek kula\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r” diyerek Midas’\u0131n kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fek kula\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Midas bir s\u00fcre, tanr\u0131n\u0131n arma\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 koca bir k\u00fclah i\u00e7inde saklad\u0131. Saklad\u0131 ama onun sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kesen berber sonunda kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve b\u00f6ylelikle kral\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f oldu. Ancak s\u0131r bu insan a\u011fz\u0131na s\u0131\u011far m\u0131? Berber sanc\u0131lar ge\u00e7irir. Dayan\u0131lmaz \u0131st\u0131raplar ya\u015far.Sonunda s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 bir kuyuya s\u00f6ylemeye karar verir. Kuyuya e\u011filir ve Midas’\u0131n kulaklar\u0131 e\u015fek kulaklar\u0131 diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. S\u0131rr\u0131 kuyudaki su sazlara, sazlarsa r\u00fczgarda sal\u0131na sal\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn etrafa yay\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclke Midas’\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda \u00f6\u011frenir. Daha sonra halk midas hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6lge oyunlar\u0131 oynamaya ba\u015flar. Midas art\u0131k b\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 kestirmeye karar verir, kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 kestirir. Kulaklar\u0131 kesilen Midas’\u0131n sonradan kulaklar\u0131n\u0131n sarma\u015f\u0131k kadar tekrar uzad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Herkes onunla “e\u015fek kulakl\u0131 Midas” diye dalga ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flar. Kral Midas Tanr\u0131ya yalvarmaya ba\u015flar “Tanr\u0131m benim bu kulaklar\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczelt ama b\u00fct\u00fcn servetimi elimden al” der. Tanr\u0131 onu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve Midas kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 geri al\u0131r. Ama kimse g\u00f6rmeden can\u0131n\u0131 da al\u0131r ve mezara g\u00f6mer.<\/p>\n “Dokundu\u011fu her\u015feyi alt\u0131na \u00e7eviren Midas” efsanesi ise \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Efsaneye g\u00f6re; \u015farap tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dionisos’un yolda\u015f\u0131 Satiros, Frigya’y\u0131 gezerken Midas’\u0131n g\u00fcl bah\u00e7esinde uyuyakalm\u0131\u015f. Satiros’u bulup, on g\u00fcn on gece saray\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rlayan Midas’\u0131n konukseverli\u011finden etkilenen Dionisos, kral\u0131n bir dile\u011fini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f. Kral Midas da her dokundu\u011funun alt\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini ve b\u00f6ylece daha zengin olmay\u0131 istemi\u015f. Ancak yemek i\u00e7in dokundu\u011fu yiyecekler, i\u00e7ecekler ve \u00fcnl\u00fc g\u00fcl bah\u00e7esi bile alt\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, kral Dionisos’dan bu u\u011fursuz g\u00fcc\u00fc geri almas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f. Midas’\u0131n durumuna ac\u0131yan tanr\u0131 Dionisos krala Paktalos Irma\u011f\u0131’nda y\u0131kanmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015f. Bu \u0131rmakta y\u0131kanan Midas, her tuttu\u011funun alt\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinden kurtulmu\u015f. Ve o g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne bu \u0131rmakta bulunan alt\u0131n par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 bu efsaneye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kral Midas, Gordion kentinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f efsanevi Frigya kral\u0131d\u0131r. Kral olu\u015fu gibi ya\u015fam\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine de mitolojiler\u00a0 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca ac\u0131lar \u00e7ekmi\u015f olan Midas, “e\u015fek kulak”lar\u0131yla ya da “dokundu\u011fu her\u015feyi alt\u0131na \u00e7evirmesiyle” \u00fcnlenmi\u015ftir. Kral Midas, Ankara civar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Frigya’da M.\u00d6. 738 – M.\u00d6. 696 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Gordion olarak bilinen kentte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Midas, hem tarihi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4620","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-mitoloji"},"yoast_head":"\n