![](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f7\/Julius_Fu%C4%8D%C3%ADk_1.gif\")
Alman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin ve kom\u00fcnist onur sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc simgelerinden biri olan Julius Fu\u00e7ik, 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1943\u2019te katledildi.<\/p>\nAlman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin ve kom\u00fcnist onur sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc simgelerinden biri olan Julius Fu\u00e7ik, 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1943\u2019te katledildi.<\/p>\n
23 \u015eubat 1903\u2019te Prag\u2019da do\u011fan Fu\u00e7ik, \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren siyasal ya\u015fama kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve iyi bir ajitator, \u00f6rg\u00fctc\u00fc ve yazar olarak sivrildi. Okulu bitirdikten sonra \u201cKmen\u201d adl\u0131 bir dergide redakt\u00f6r olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Fu\u00e7ik, yine ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde partisinin (\u00c7ekoslovakya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi) k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlendi. Bu y\u0131llarda Trovba, Rude Provo ve Halo Novlny gibi kom\u00fcnist gazetelerde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalelerle yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Ayr\u0131ca yine bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndaki e\u011fitici habercili\u011fiyle de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir gazeteci olarak an\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Edebiyata as\u0131l y\u00f6neli\u015fi ise 1918\u2019de, \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flar. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131lar. Bu d\u00f6nemden itibaren yerel ve yabanc\u0131 edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n eserlerini inceler.<\/p>\n
Julius Fucik\u2019in, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgalinden hemen \u00f6nce yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7ekoslavak Yeniden Canland\u0131rma D\u00f6nemi ve kad\u0131n yazarlardan Bozena Nemcova ile 1848 devrimcilerinden Karel Sabina \u00fczerine incelemeleri \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u00fcnlenen romantik \u00c7ek \u015fair Jullus Zeyer \u00fczerine bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Fu\u00e7ik\u2019in edebiyat ele\u015ftirmeni olarak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka kan\u0131t\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra k\u0131sa \u00f6yk\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile de \u00c7ek edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 adlar\u0131ndan say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki kez Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne giden Fu\u00e7ik, 1930\u2019daki ilk gidi\u015finde bu \u00fclkeye gizli olarak girdi. 1934\u2019deki ikinci gidi\u015finde ise burada 1936\u2019ya kadar kald\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 gezerek inceledi. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7ekoslavakya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi \u00fczerine, zaman kaybetmeksizin illegal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flayan Fu\u00e7ik, \u00c7ekoslavak Kom\u00fcnist Yeralt\u0131 Hareketi\u2019nin liderlerinden birisi oldu. Partinin direni\u015fi \u00f6rg\u00fctleme m\u00fccadelesinde Fu\u00e7ik\u2019in rol\u00fc yine b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. Kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBakan G\u00f6bels\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131k mektup\u201d ve \u201cBiz hepimiz Hitler\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f halindeyiz\u201d yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ile anti-fa\u015fist m\u00fccadalenin sadece kom\u00fcnistlerin de\u011fil yurtsever, demokrat, i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc, bilim adam\u0131, sanat\u00e7\u0131 herkesin g\u00f6revi oldu\u011funu kabul ettirir. Bu s\u0131ralarda \u00e7e\u015fitli yay\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler ve y\u00f6netir. 1942\u2019nin 24 Nisan\u2019\u0131nda yolda\u015flar\u0131yla beraber bir bulu\u015fma s\u0131rras\u0131nda Gestapo taraf\u0131ndan Prag\u2019da yakalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
“Biri kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131yor. Ziyaret\u00e7iler sab\u0131rs\u0131zlan\u0131yor. Kap\u0131y\u0131 yumrukluyorlar. “A\u00e7\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131! polis!” Pencereden ka\u00e7mal\u0131. \u00c7abuk olun! Tabancam var; ben onlar\u0131 oyalar\u0131m. Ama \u00e7ok ge\u00e7. Pencerelerin alt\u0131nda Gestapo\u2019nun adamlar\u0131, tabancalar\u0131n\u0131 odan\u0131n i\u00e7ine do\u011frultmu\u015flar bile. Sivil polisler kap\u0131y\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131yorlar… Beni g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorlar; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kap\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nday\u0131m, onlar\u0131 rahat\u00e7a arkadan vurabilirim. Ama ellerinde dokuz tabanca, iki kad\u0131na ve \u00fc\u00e7 silahs\u0131z erke\u011fe do\u011frultulmu\u015f. Ate\u015f etsem, hepsini \u00f6ld\u00fcrecekler, kendimi vursam, silahlar patlayacak yine o insanlar\u0131 vuracaklar. Ate\u015f etmezsem alt\u0131 ay ya da bir y\u0131l hapis yatacaklar ve devrim onlar\u0131 sa\u011f olarak kurtaracak. Yaln\u0131z Mirek\u2019le ben bu i\u015ften sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kamay\u0131z… Ate\u015f edersem (kendimi vurursam) kimseyi kurtaramam, yaln\u0131zca kendimi i\u015fkenceden kurtar\u0131r\u0131m, \u00f6te yandan be\u015f yolda\u015f\u0131m\u0131 feda etmi\u015f olurum \u00f6yle mi, de\u011fil mi? \u00d6yle. (Dara\u011fac\u0131ndan notlar sayfa 16) diye yaz\u0131yor Fu\u00e7ik ve teslim oluyor.”<\/p>\n
Jul\u0131us Fu\u00e7ik, Dara\u011fac\u0131ndan notlar adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda hapishanede kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131n portrelerini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor ve g\u00f6zlemlerde bulunuyor. Bir bira fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve Pankrats hapishanesine d\u00fc\u015fen Koklar i\u00e7in de \u015funlar\u0131 yazar;<\/p>\n
“Bu da Budajovitze\u2019de ki bira fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iymi\u015f. O fabrikadan \u00e7ok insan var burada. Sudeten b\u00f6lgesinden bir s\u00fcr\u00fc Alman i\u015f\u00e7i var . Marks \u201ci\u015f\u00e7inin birey olarak ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir; \u00f6nemli olan bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak eme\u011fin tarihsel g\u00f6revini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in ne yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir.\u201d Demi\u015fti. Burda g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimiz, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revleri konusunda hi\u00e7 ama hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey bilmiyorlar. S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndan kopmu\u015f, kar\u015f\u0131 safa ge\u00e7mi\u015fler. \u0130deolojik olarak havada as\u0131l\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015flar ve belki sonunda fiziki olarak da havada as\u0131l\u0131 kalacaklar(sayfa96-97)”<\/p>\n
Fu\u00e7ik, ayn\u0131 kentteki Pankarts hapishenesinde, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden iki y\u0131l sonra yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yank\u0131lar uyand\u0131ran, Dara\u011fac\u0131ndan Notlar (Reportaz psana na oprat\u00e7e) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n yaz\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bunu \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne dek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Kolinski g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Gestapo Hapishanelerinde gardiyanl\u0131k yapmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurur ve i\u015fe al\u0131n\u0131r oysa Kolinski yurtsever bir ki\u015fidir. Amac\u0131 ise bu yolla i\u00e7erideki \u00c7ek yurtseverlerine gizliden gizliye yard\u0131m etmektir.Fu\u00e7ik’in bu notlar\u0131 A. Kollinskiy\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla, Fu\u00e7ik\u2019in dostlar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.\u0130\u015fkenceye ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i \u00c7ekoslavakl\u0131lar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131n son an\u0131na kadar direni\u015fini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Fu\u00e7ik\u2019in yap\u0131t\u0131, yal\u0131n ve etkili bir direni\u015fin destan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Julius Fu\u00e7ik, 23 A\u011fustos 1943\u2019te Berlin\u2019de Nazi mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan idama mahkum edildi. Bu tarihten bir hafta sonra Prag\u2019dan Berlin\u2019e nakledilen Fu\u00e7ik, burada 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1943\u2019te Pl\u00f6tzense Cezaevi\u2019nde idam edildi.<\/p>\n
Yolda\u015f\u0131 Samuel Sillen onun i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledikleri \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cKendi gelece\u011fi dosdo\u011fru \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6sterirken insanlara g\u00fczel gelece\u011fi g\u00f6steren, onlar\u0131 oraya y\u00f6nelten bir yolda\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
Fu\u00e7ik; \u201c ger\u00e7ek ya\u015famda seyirciler yoktur: herkes kat\u0131l\u0131r ya\u015fama… ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131n filmini y\u00fcz kez binlerce ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Cellad\u0131n ipi, ben yazacaklar\u0131m\u0131 bitirmeden bo\u011faz\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131karsa, geride filmin mutlu sonunu yazacak insan var\u201d tespitiyle ya\u015fam perspektifini ortaya koyar.
Fu\u00e7ik son notlar\u0131n\u0131 9 Haziran 1943 g\u00fcn\u00fc yazar. Kitab\u0131n sonu da bu notlarla biter;<\/p>\n
“Benim oyunum da sona yakla\u015f\u0131yor. O sonu yazmayaca\u011f\u0131m, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorum hen\u00fcz. Bu , art\u0131k oyun de\u011fil ya\u015fam\u0131n ta kendisi. Son sahnenin perdesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Dostlar\u0131m! Hepinizi sevdim. N\u00f6beti teslim ediyorum”(sayfa 128)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Alman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin ve kom\u00fcnist onur sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc simgelerinden biri olan Julius Fu\u00e7ik, 8 Eyl\u00fcl 1943\u2019te katledildi. 23 \u015eubat 1903\u2019te Prag\u2019da do\u011fan Fu\u00e7ik, \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren siyasal ya\u015fama kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve iyi bir ajitator, \u00f6rg\u00fctc\u00fc ve yazar olarak sivrildi. Okulu bitirdikten sonra \u201cKmen\u201d adl\u0131 bir dergide redakt\u00f6r olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan Fu\u00e7ik, yine ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4676","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kuram"},"yoast_head":"\n