{"id":4680,"date":"2010-08-25T11:28:17","date_gmt":"2010-08-25T08:28:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/08\/25\/insan-toplumsal-savasimin-icinde-kendini-ozgur-kilar-afsar-timucin\/"},"modified":"2025-04-20T21:48:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T18:48:30","slug":"insan-toplumsal-savasimin-icinde-kendini-ozgur-kilar-afsar-timucin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/08\/25\/insan-toplumsal-savasimin-icinde-kendini-ozgur-kilar-afsar-timucin\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan toplumsal sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inde kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lar | Af\u015far Timu\u00e7in"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Bug\u00fcn sizinle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fczerine konu\u015fal\u0131m. \u00d6nce her zamanki gibi kavramdan ba\u015flayal\u0131m isterseniz. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya se\u00e7me g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zg\u00fcr insan dedi\u011fimiz insan, se\u00e7ebilen insand\u0131r. Soruna bir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131dan bakarsak, se\u00e7ecek \u015feyi olan insand\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, bilin\u00e7 temeli \u00fczerine oturur. Ancak bilin\u00e7li varl\u0131klar, yani insan \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilir. Ama hangi insan? Bilin\u00e7li insan. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yle de diyebiliriz. Biz bilin\u00e7lendik\u00e7e \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabiliriz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilin\u00e7lendik\u00e7e se\u00e7me g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz artar. Se\u00e7ecek \u015feylerimiz \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, tam tam\u0131na bilin\u00e7 ko\u015fullar\u0131m\u0131zla ilgilidir. Ancak yetkin bilince ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f insanlar ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcr insanlard\u0131r.\u00a0 Genellikle \u00f6zerklikle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zerk olmak dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, d\u0131\u015ftan ba\u011f\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f olmak demektir. Ama biz d\u0131\u015ftan ba\u011f\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f olmay\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck diye anl\u0131yoruz, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle \u00f6zerklili\u011fi e\u015f anlaml\u0131 gibi kullan\u0131yoruz. Ama insan, hem \u00f6zerkli\u011fe hem de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe gereksinimi olan bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kendi bilin\u00e7 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sa\u011flar ama \u00f6zerkli\u011fini de toplumsal ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Hayatta bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da olmas\u0131 gerekiyor san\u0131r\u0131m bunun. Yani bilin\u00e7le eylem ili\u015fkisini de kurmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tabii\u2026 \u0130nsan bilin\u00e7li eylem yapma g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor. Bilin\u00e7li insan ger\u00e7ek anlamda se\u00e7imlerini do\u011fru yapabilen insand\u0131r. Yani eylemlerini en uygun ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilen insand\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse insanlar neden umutsuz oluyorlar genellikle, neyi se\u00e7eceklerini ve nas\u0131l se\u00e7eceklerini bilmediklerinden. Bunun da temelinde bilin\u00e7 eksikli\u011fi yat\u0131yor. Yani ben i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00fcnyay\u0131 do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst kavrayamam\u0131\u015fsam, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bilincini do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst edinememi\u015fsem orada benim ya\u015famam biraz k\u00f6rlemesine olacakt\u0131r. Yazg\u0131 dedikleri \u015fey biraz da budur, de\u011fil mi? Benim ba\u015f\u0131ma gelenlerdir yazg\u0131. Ama benim ba\u015f\u0131na gelenlerin \u00e7o\u011funu ben ba\u015f\u0131ma getiriyorum. Demek ki insan\u0131n oturup d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi gerekiyor: Ben ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir varl\u0131k oldu\u011fum zaman ger\u00e7ek anlamda do\u011fru eylemler ve onun temeline de yerle\u015ftirece\u011fim do\u011fru fikirler \u00fcretebilirim.<\/p>\n

Eski\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6lecilik d\u00fczeninde \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilenler, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00fcyeleriydi. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da da durum de\u011fi\u015fmiyor; serf, krala, kiliseye ve seny\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan tarihin bir d\u00f6neminde sahneye \u00e7\u0131kan ve y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7en s\u0131n\u0131f, burjuvazi,\u00a0 hem iktisadi anlamda, hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve toplumsal anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Hatta Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nin bayra\u011f\u0131nda e\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, karde\u015flik yaz\u0131yor. Sonra ne oluyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, evrensel d\u00fczeyde \u00e7ok insani temel kavramlar ortaya koydu. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck vard\u0131, yine s\u00f6yledi\u011fin gibi e\u015fitlik, karde\u015flik ve adalet vard\u0131. Ancak bunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken kendi i\u00e7inde zorlu\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi zaman kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Eski\u00e7a\u011f k\u00f6le eme\u011finden yararlan\u0131yordu, Orta\u00e7a\u011f serfin eme\u011finden yararland\u0131, burjuvazinin de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011finden yararlanmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Hangi ko\u015fullarda? En az harcama ko\u015fullar\u0131nda. Yani eme\u011fi olabildi\u011fince ucuza getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Eme\u011fi ucuza getirdi\u011finiz zaman ne \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kal\u0131r, ne e\u015fitlik ne de adalet kal\u0131r. O zaman burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kendi koydu\u011fu de\u011ferlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu ve bu koydu\u011fu de\u011ferleri bir anlamda ya\u015famda ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi olamayacak de\u011ferler gibi alg\u0131lamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. O zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tablo tabii ki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin yaln\u0131zca ve yaln\u0131zca egemenler i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilece\u011fi noktas\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6sterdi. Bu da \u015fu anlama geliyordu: burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca iktisadi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden yanad\u0131r. Ama ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eder. \u00d6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra bu tutum kesin bi\u00e7imde belirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Yani iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya felaketler getirirken burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de getirdi. Her zaman ucuz emek ve her zaman ticari \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u2026 Ama ba\u015fka \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kesinlikle s\u00f6zkonusu de\u011fil. (Buradaki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6zerklik anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131yorum.) Burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, \u00f6zerklik vermedi\u011fi, \u00f6zerkli\u011fini engelledi\u011fi kitlelerin zaten \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de sa\u011flayabilecek durumda de\u011fildi. Zaten \u00f6zerk olmayan insanlar nas\u0131l \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilsin. \u00d6zetlersek, burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, kendi ortaya koydu\u011fu de\u011ferlerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda Rousseau\u2019nun \u00f6zel bir yeri var. Siz de, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck fikrinin yasa d\u00fczeni fikriyle geli\u015fti\u011fini ve toplumsal s\u00f6zle\u015fme kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz. Rousseau ne demi\u015fti?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rousseau\u2019nun temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi, bunu \u00e7ok net \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koymasa da, sanayi d\u00fczeniyle gelen adaletsizliklerin insanlara mutsuzluk getirece\u011fi ile ilgilidir. Yani Rousseau ne demek istiyordu; o kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc kulland\u0131k ki bilgiyi, sanatta da bilimde de, bu bizi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zedeleyecek, insan yan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yok edecek bir duruma kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla nereye do\u011fru gitti\u011fimizi \u00e7ok iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve \u00e7ok iyi hesaplamak zorunday\u0131z. Rousseau\u2019dan \u00f6nce bu tehlikeyi g\u00f6ren olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rousseau, ilk defa sermayeci d\u00fczenin insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir tehlike olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ama a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k bir d\u00fczen ele\u015ftirisine girmedi. Dolayl\u0131 olarak toplumsal ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirirken bilginin iyi kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131yla gelen s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bize a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bunu a\u00e7\u0131klarken asl\u0131nda \u015funu demek istiyordu: bu adaletsiz d\u00fczen b\u00f6yle devam ederse insanl\u0131k \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6recek. Hatta bilimlere ve sanatlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ama bir yerde der ki, \u2018ben bilimlere ve sanatlara a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131 duracak kadar cahil bir adam de\u011filim ama\u2026\u2019 Bu \u2018ama\u2019, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bilginin k\u00f6t\u00fc kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Marks\u2019\u0131n da Rousseau\u2019dan etkilendi\u011fini biliyoruz. Marks\u2019\u0131n, Engels\u2019in, Lenin\u2019in (Marksizm\u2019in de diyebiliriz) Rousseau\u2019dan farkl\u0131 bir i\u00e7erik ve y\u00f6ntemle, burjuva toplum d\u00fczenine getirdi\u011fi ele\u015ftiriler var. Buna, burjuvazinin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in getirilen ele\u015ftirileri de katabiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin Marks ve Engels, \u201cBug\u00fcnk\u00fc burjuva \u00fcretimi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten ticaret \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, alma ve satma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d diyor. Lenin ise \u015funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cPara g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayal\u0131 bir toplumda, kitlelerin sefalet i\u00e7inde s\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir toplumda, bir avu\u00e7 zengin insan\u0131n asalak olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumda ger\u00e7ek ve kat\u0131\u015f\u0131ks\u0131z \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck varolamaz.\u201d Siz ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, kat\u0131l\u0131yor musunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elbette. \u0130nsan\u0131n insan olma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirgedi\u011finiz zaman onun \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131 s\u00f6zkonusu de\u011fildir art\u0131k. \u0130nsan beslenme haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanam\u0131yorsa, ger\u00e7ek anlamda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir aile kurma haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanam\u0131yorsa, kendi bilincini geli\u015ftirme haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanam\u0131yorsa nas\u0131l olacak da kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lacak. Bir kere kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in kendisine gerekli zaman verilmiyor. Zaman\u0131 elde etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim, i\u015fsizlik ko\u015fullar\u0131nda; bu kez de ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip de\u011fil. \u0130ktisadi ve toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip de\u011fil. Yani bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr plan\u0131nda iyiden iyiye geri kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n da zaten temel nedeni budur.\u00a0 Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ra\u011fmen kesinlikle kendini iyi yeti\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, bir anlamda Orta\u00e7a\u011fdaki insan gibi art\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya toplumun mal\u0131d\u0131r. Ve hatta \u00f6yle bir hale getirilmi\u015f ki, kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirme gereksinimi bile duymuyor. Onun as\u0131l duydu\u011fu gereksinimler neyle ilgili? Beslenmeyle, \u00fcremeyle ve dinlenme zamanlar\u0131yla ilgili. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kendisi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir ko\u015ful bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyecek halde. Bir anlamda bilin\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bo\u011fulmu\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle ciddi bir ili\u015fkisi yok. Bug\u00fcn bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck istemi ile kendini ortaya koyan kitlelerle pek kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131yoruz. Sadece \u00e7ok bask\u0131 g\u00f6ren kitlelerin tepkileri var ama ben \u015fu \u015fu ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak istiyorum, bunun i\u00e7in gerekli haklara da sahip olmak istiyorum diyen kitlelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131yoruz. Yetinmeyi bilen kitleler olu\u015fturdu sermayeci d\u00fczen.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 finans krizinin \u00e7ok konu\u015fuldu\u011fu bug\u00fcnlerde kapitalizm de sorgulan\u0131r oldu. Kapitalizmin iyice a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7eli\u015fkileri ve yap\u0131sal sorunlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyin bu d\u00fczende varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2018koruyabilece\u011fini\u2019 \u0131srarla savunan burjuva yazarlar var. Buna ne dersiniz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullarda insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131 olas\u0131 de\u011fil. Sadece bunu tabandaki insanlar i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyelim, yukar\u0131daki insanlar i\u00e7in de olas\u0131 de\u011fil. \u0130nsanlar g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine o kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ki e\u011fer \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fullarda ya\u015fam\u0131yorlarsa yani sadece beslenmenin ko\u015fullar\u0131yla sava\u015fm\u0131yorlarsa bu defa otomobil markalar\u0131yla, giyecek markalar\u0131yla i\u00e7li d\u0131\u015fl\u0131 oluyorlar. Bug\u00fcn bir anlamda had\u0131m edilmi\u015f insan tipiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. \u0130ktisadi anlamda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyse de had\u0131m edilmi\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczse de had\u0131m edilmi\u015f. Bu insanlar insani gereksinimler duymuyorlar art\u0131k. Yani iyi bir roman okumak, \u015fiirde insan\u0131 yakalamak, sinemada insan\u0131 g\u00f6rmek, felsefede insan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak gibi bir tela\u015flar\u0131 yok. Olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdik\u00e7e o olanaklar\u0131 d\u00fcnya zevkleri i\u00e7in kullanmaya y\u00f6neliyorlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yukar\u0131dan tepeye do\u011fru b\u00fct\u00fcn katlarda bir aptalla\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k s\u00f6zkonusu. Bu y\u00fczden Marksizmin getirdi\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7iye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcven de bug\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r duruma geldi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc patronla i\u015f\u00e7i aras\u0131na giren orta kesim ya\u015fam\u0131 tamamen sermayeci d\u00fczenin ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok iyi uzmanla\u015ft\u0131. Uzmanla\u015f\u0131rken kendi bilincini de yitirdi. Bug\u00fcn nas\u0131l bir insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcyesi oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda olmayan insanlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Tabandaki insan da bu, yukar\u0131daki insan da bu. Yani bir m\u00fchendisle, bir hekimle bir fabrika i\u015f\u00e7isi aras\u0131nda bilin\u00e7 ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fil bug\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bireysel d\u00fczeyden \u00e7ok toplumsal d\u00fczeyde ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen, \u2018insan ancak ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla \u00f6zg\u00fcrse \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u2019, \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcr birey ancak \u00f6zg\u00fcr toplumda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir\u2019 diyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler de var. Siz bu konuda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsan ister istemez toplumsal bir ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde. O toplumsall\u0131k bizi \u00e7ok zaman fark\u0131na varmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bi\u00e7imde kesin bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde ko\u015fulluyor. Biz ne kadar \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak istersek isteyelim, bizi engelleyen ko\u015fullarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. Ama \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f var, o da \u2018bu ko\u015fullarda insan kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaratamaz\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr ki, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn do\u011fru oldu\u011funa inanm\u0131yorum. Ko\u015fullar ne kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc olursa olsun, insan kendi i\u00e7in ve insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131rken kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaratabilir ve ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaratmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunabilir. Bireysel olarak bu olas\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r diyeceksiniz, bana g\u00f6re olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bizim toplumsal bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011fu zaman, bireyin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc hafife alma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Niye bireyi bu kadar hafife al\u0131yoruz, zaten toplumu kuran birey de\u011fil mi? O zaman bireyin de kendine g\u00f6re bir etki g\u00fcc\u00fc olmas\u0131 do\u011fru olmaz m\u0131? D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde ger\u00e7ek anlamda kendini adam\u0131\u015f bireylerin, hem kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcleri i\u00e7in hem ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ve bu insanlar\u0131n, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklara ra\u011fmen ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Demek ki bask\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri ne kadar etkin olursa olsun insan bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaratabilir ve ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne katk\u0131da bulunabilir.<\/p>\n

Bir de varolu\u015f\u00e7ular\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na k\u0131saca de\u011finsek nas\u0131l olur\u2026 Onlar da herkes kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015far, herkes kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne mahk\u00fbmdur diyor. Onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak, toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmayan bireysel bir etkinlik\u2026 Varolu\u015f\u00e7ular\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bizim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle varolu\u015f\u00e7ular\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fil. Biz \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck dedi\u011fimiz zaman, b\u00fct\u00fcn insan\u0131n de\u011ferleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Varolu\u015f\u00e7ular yaln\u0131zca bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kendini yaratmas\u0131 fikrinden yanad\u0131rlar. Zaten burada insan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durum var. Yani ben az \u00f6nce \u2018insan her \u015feye ra\u011fmen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaratabilir\u2019 derken bunu toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Yani bir anlamda toplumsal sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken insan kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131labilir. Ama ben kendi ba\u015f\u0131ma, toplum benim umurumda de\u011fildir, kendimi \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lar\u0131m dedi\u011fim zaman bu, varolu\u015f\u00e7u anlamda bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olur ki bunun ya\u015famda pek ciddi bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Toplumsal bir sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7ine girmeden insan\u0131n kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lmas\u0131 olas\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Peki \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan ayn\u0131 zamanda sorumlu insan m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcr birey sorumludur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sorumlu insan\u0131n da \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131 gerekir. E\u011fer bir ki\u015fi \u2018ben sorumluyum\u2019 diyorsa, neden sorumlu oldu\u011funun bilincinde olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda sorumlu insan, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir insanl\u0131ktan sorumludur. B\u00fct\u00fcn bir insanl\u0131ktan sorumlu olacak kadar geni\u015f bir bilin\u00e7 \u00e7er\u00e7evesini g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne getirelim. Ama \u00fc\u00e7 kuru\u015fluk bilin\u00e7le \u2018insanl\u0131ktan sorumluyum\u2019 dedi\u011fimiz zaman kendi a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131zdan hayal g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruzdur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n nerden gelip nereye gitti\u011fini, \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n insanlara neler getirdi\u011fini, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n nerelerden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp geldi\u011fini bilmeyen bir adam\u0131n evrensel d\u00fczeyde sorumlu olmas\u0131 olas\u0131 de\u011fil. Dar \u00e7er\u00e7evede sorumlu olabilir elbette; \u00e7ocu\u011fundan sorumludur, kar\u0131s\u0131ndan sorumludur, yapmakta oldu\u011fu i\u015finden sorumludur hatta mahallesinden sorumlu olabilir, apartman\u0131ndan sorumlu olabilir ama evrensel d\u00fczeyde sorumlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyemeyiz onun. Evrensel d\u00fczeyde sorumlu olmakt\u0131r ger\u00e7ek sorumluluk. Bunun i\u00e7in de ger\u00e7ek anlamda evrensel bilince ula\u015fmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Sizin de sevdi\u011finiz bir \u015fairin, Charles Baudelaire\u2019in \u015fiirinden bir dizeyle bitirelim s\u00f6yle\u015fiyi isterseniz: \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcr insan, denizi seveceksin her zaman.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Denizdeki u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131zl\u0131k insan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir simgesi gibidir. Denize bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman nas\u0131l bize alabildi\u011fine gitme duygusu verirse, bir \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan\u0131n bilinci de bize ayn\u0131 duyguyu verecektir. Yani \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck asl\u0131nda korkun\u00e7 bir \u015feydir. Hem onu ya\u015fayan i\u00e7in hem onu g\u00f6zleyen i\u00e7in. Bir anlamda b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi sa\u011flam \u00e7izmi\u015ftir, bir anlamda da s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mayan bir at\u0131l\u0131m, bir tutum i\u00e7indedir. Onun i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir insan.\u00a0 Yani \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan, gelece\u011fin ger\u00e7ek insan\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tasla\u011f\u0131 gibidir.<\/p>\n

Af\u015far Timu\u00e7in\u2019le yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu s\u00f6yle\u015fide \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konu\u015ftuk. Eski\u00e7a\u011flardan bug\u00fcne ge\u00e7en zaman diliminde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131 nelerdi, kapitalizmde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olanakl\u0131 m\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan nedir sorular\u0131na yan\u0131t arad\u0131k<\/em><\/p>\n

Volkan ALICI<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcn sizinle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fczerine konu\u015fal\u0131m. \u00d6nce her zamanki gibi kavramdan ba\u015flayal\u0131m isterseniz. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck nedir? \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya se\u00e7me g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zg\u00fcr insan dedi\u011fimiz insan, se\u00e7ebilen insand\u0131r. Soruna bir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131dan bakarsak, se\u00e7ecek \u015feyi olan insand\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, bilin\u00e7 temeli \u00fczerine oturur. Ancak bilin\u00e7li varl\u0131klar, yani insan \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilir. Ama hangi insan? Bilin\u00e7li insan. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-afsar-timucin"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130nsan toplumsal sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inde kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lar | Af\u015far Timu\u00e7in - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/08\/25\/insan-toplumsal-savasimin-icinde-kendini-ozgur-kilar-afsar-timucin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130nsan toplumsal sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inde kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131lar | Af\u015far Timu\u00e7in\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bug\u00fcn sizinle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00fczerine konu\u015fal\u0131m. \u00d6nce her zamanki gibi kavramdan ba\u015flayal\u0131m isterseniz. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck nedir? \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck dedi\u011fimiz \u015fey, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya se\u00e7me g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zg\u00fcr insan dedi\u011fimiz insan, se\u00e7ebilen insand\u0131r. Soruna bir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131dan bakarsak, se\u00e7ecek \u015feyi olan insand\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, bilin\u00e7 temeli \u00fczerine oturur. Ancak bilin\u00e7li varl\u0131klar, yani insan \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilir. Ama hangi insan? Bilin\u00e7li insan. 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