{"id":469,"date":"2009-03-31T12:01:41","date_gmt":"2009-03-31T09:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2009\/03\/31\/onlar-gibi-eduardo-galeano\/"},"modified":"2009-03-31T12:01:41","modified_gmt":"2009-03-31T09:01:41","slug":"onlar-gibi-eduardo-galeano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/03\/31\/onlar-gibi-eduardo-galeano\/","title":{"rendered":"Onlar Gibi | Eduardo Galeano"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"onlar\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00fcyalar ve k\u00e2buslar ayn\u0131 maddeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ama bir k\u00e2bus var ki bize, g\u00f6rmemize izin verilen tek r\u00fcya oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu k\u00e2bus: Hayattan tiksinen, e\u015fyalara tapan bir geli\u015fme modelidir. Politikac\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcjdesi, teknokratlar\u0131n iddialar\u0131, \u00e7aresizlerin hayali: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri, Birinci D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri gibi zenginle\u015fecek ve uygarla\u015facak ve de mutlu olacaklar; ancak uslu davran\u0131r, kar\u015f\u0131 koymaz ve \u00e7\u0131t \u00e7\u0131karmadan kendisine s\u00f6yleneni yaparlarsa. Tarih ad\u0131ndaki televizyon dizisinin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6re gelecek, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan a\u011fz\u0131 kokanlar\u0131 hal ve<\/p>\n

gidi\u015flerinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131racak. Azgeli\u015fmi\u015flerin geli\u015fme ve geri kalm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yakalama yolu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki neon \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131yla s\u00fcsl\u00fc dev reklam, biz de onlar gibi olabiliriz mesaj\u0131n\u0131 veriyor.<\/div>\n
Ama olmayacak duaya amin denmez. E\u011fer fakir \u00fclkeler de \u00fcretim ve israf bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin \u00fclkelerle ayn\u0131 seviyeye gelecek olursa d\u00fcnya son nefesini verir. End\u00fcstri uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iliklerine kadar zehirlenmi\u015f ve t\u00fcketici toplumlarca kan\u0131 emilmi\u015f olan talihsiz d\u00fcnyam\u0131z zaten komaya girmi\u015f durumda. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu son yirmi y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 misli artm\u0131\u015fken, ayn\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde erozyon d\u00fcnyada, ABD\u2019deki ekilebilir topraklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc tutar\u0131nda toprak kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sat\u0131\u015f pazar\u0131 ve sat\u0131l\u0131k e\u015fya haline getirilen d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda y\u0131lda 15 milyon hektar orman yok ediliyor ve bunun 6 milyonu \u00e7\u00f6l halini al\u0131yor. Y\u00fcz\u00fcne t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fclen tabiat, para kazanmak h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine sokulmu\u015f. Kazan\u00e7 oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeden para daha \u00e7ok para getirsin diye toprak, su ve hava zehirlenmi\u015f ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 da zehirlenmekte. En k\u0131sa zamanda en \u00e7ok kazanman\u0131n ad\u0131 prod\u00fcktivite (verimlilik).
End\u00fcstri art\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6plerin sebep oldu\u011fu ek\u015fi ya\u011fmur kuzey yar\u0131 k\u00fcresindeki ormanlar\u0131 ve g\u00f6lleri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrken, zehirli art\u0131klar nehirleri ve denizleri zehirliyor. G\u00fcney yar\u0131 k\u00fcrede ihracata dayal\u0131 tar\u0131m end\u00fcstrisi kendini g\u00f6steriyor, ormanlar\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131 yerle bir ediyor. Kuzeyde g\u00fcneyde, do\u011fuda bat\u0131da insano\u011flu g\u00f6zleri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f bindi\u011fi dal\u0131 kesiyor. \u00dc\u00e7 be\u015f \u00fclke b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n can damar\u0131n\u0131 emiyor. \u0130sraf toplumunun c\u00fcr\u00fcm ve \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131: B\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, zenginlikleri elinde tutan y\u00fczde alt\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fcnyada \u00fcretilen enerji ile tabii yeralt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini keyfine g\u00f6re kullan\u0131yor. \u0130statistiklere g\u00f6re bir Amerikal\u0131 50 Haitili\u2019nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjiyi kullan\u0131yor. Kendi kendimize sormakta yarar var: Elli Haitili elli Amerikal\u0131 kadar enerji kullanmaya kalksa ne olur? L\u00fcks e\u015fyalar, otomobiller, televizyonlar, atom reakt\u00f6rleri, elektrik santralleri b\u00f6ylesine \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bir tempoyla \u00e7o\u011falsa ne olur?<\/p>\n

Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla k\u0131yamete aday d\u00fcnyam\u0131z ikliminin hali ne olur? Erozyon y\u00fcz\u00fcnden elimizde kalan az\u0131c\u0131k topra\u011f\u0131n hali ne olur? Ya su? D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te birinin i\u00e7mek zorunda oldu\u011fu c\u0131va ve kur\u015funla, end\u00fcstri art\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddelerle zehirlenmi\u015f olan su? Ne olur? Olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fu: D\u00fcnyadan ba\u015fka gezegene ta\u015f\u0131nmak. Parolas\u0131 israf olan \u201cAmerikan tarz\u0131 ya\u015fam\u201d, ancak ve ancak bir az\u0131nl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen \u00fclkelerde k\u00f6k salabilir. Bu ya\u015fama bi\u00e7iminin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kazanmas\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n intihar\u0131 demektir. B\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olur mu? Hay\u0131r. Ama, b\u00f6yle bir ya\u015fama \u015fekli arzu edilir mi? \u0130yi organize edilmi\u015f bir kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131nda birka\u00e7 krali\u00e7e ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i kar\u0131nca vard\u0131r. Krali\u00e7eler kanatl\u0131 olarak do\u011far ve sevi\u015fme yetene\u011fine sahiptirler. U\u00e7amayan ya da sevi\u015fme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00f6revi krali\u00e7eler i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. Bir de bu i\u015f\u00e7ileri kontrol eden, krali\u00e7eleri koruyan askerler vard\u0131r. G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da, istatistiklerde rastlanmayan bir ger\u00e7ek var: \u0130ki i\u015fte birden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak; pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi bu.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmekten kurtuluyorlar. Ama, parmak u\u00e7lar\u0131na kadar geli\u015fmi\u015f bir insan\u0131n kar\u0131nca gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 do\u011fru mu? Zenginlik serbestlik mi, yoksa misliyle serbestli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan korkuyu beraberinde mi getiriyor? Japon \u015fehirlerinde 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r haftada 47 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu zaman i\u00e7inde Avrupa\u2019da i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131salt\u0131ld\u0131, ama \u00fcretimde kendini g\u00f6steren geli\u015fmeye ters d\u00fc\u015fecek \u015fekilde. Eskiden bin i\u015f\u00e7inin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi \u015fimdi fabrikalarda otomatik makinelerde on i\u015f\u00e7i yap\u0131yor. Bunun ad\u0131 vakit kaybetme serbestli\u011fi: T\u00fcketici toplumun buna bile tahamm\u00fcl\u00fc yok. Tatil bile massa turizm (toptan tatil yapmak) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda end\u00fcstrile\u015ftirilmi\u015f, yorucu bir u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 halini alm\u0131\u015f durumda. Vakit \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek: Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131 \u015fehirlerden modern plajlara ak\u0131n etmek demek. Antropologlara g\u00f6re atalar\u0131m\u0131z haftada 20 saatten fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u0130svi\u00e7reli \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z 1988\u2019de i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc haftada 40 saate indirmek konusunda referanduma gittiler, ama buna kar\u015f\u0131 oy kulland\u0131lar. Kar\u0131ncalar birbirleriyle, ba\u015flar\u0131nda boynuza benzer organlarla konu\u015fup anla\u015f\u0131yorlar. Onun gibi, televizyonlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n anteni g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten g\u00fc\u00e7lerin merkezi ile irtibat halinde.<\/p>\n

Ekran bize, Kristof Kolomb\u2019un yerlilere incik-boncuk veri\u015fi gibi, mal edinme arzusu, t\u00fcketim h\u0131rs\u0131, rekabet heyecan\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmak arzusu veriyor. \u0130yi de sat\u0131yor. Ama reklamlar bize, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019nca verilen bilgilere g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyada \u00fcretilen sinir yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemiyor. Son 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ABD\u2019de haftada i\u015fe ayr\u0131lan saatlerin say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Yine bu 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde stres hastalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 da iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Caaguaz\u00f9\u2019da (Paraguay) bana \u201cBir \u00e7ift\u00e7inin de\u011feri inekten az, tavuktan \u00e7ok\u201d dediler. Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda da: Ekenin topra\u011f\u0131 yok, ekmeyenin var. K\u00f6ylerimiz bo\u015fal\u0131yor. G\u00fcney Amerika \u015fehirleri cehennem \u00e7ukuruna d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Mexico City y\u0131lda yar\u0131m milyon insan ve otuz kilometre kare temposuyla b\u00fcy\u00fcyor: \u015eu anda n\u00fcfusu Norve\u00e7 n\u00fcfusunun be\u015f kat\u0131. Bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru Meksika \u015fehri ile Brezilya\u2019da Sao Paulo d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki \u015fehri olacaklar. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc, duman bulutlar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f G\u00fcney Amerika \u015fehirlerinde bisiklet yollar\u0131, zehirli egzoz gazlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 filtre yok.<\/p>\n

Temiz hava ve sessizlik \u00f6ylesine azald\u0131 ki, zenginlerin en zengini bile bunlar\u0131 art\u0131k sat\u0131n alacak durumda de\u011fil. Meksika \u015fehrinin \u00fczerine kirli bulutlar \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f. \u00c7ocuklar, kanlar\u0131 kur\u015funla zehirlenmi\u015f olarak do\u011fuyor. Yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en temiz havas\u0131na sahip olan bu \u015fehre birka\u00e7 kere \u00f6l\u00fc ku\u015f ya\u011fd\u0131. Havadaki karbon monoksit miktar\u0131, insan\u0131n katlanabilece\u011fi en y\u00fcksek miktar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131. Be\u015f milyon otomobil: Sao Paulo, kalp sektesi bekleyen hasta \u015fehir olarak tarif ediliyor. Egzoz gazlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6z g\u00f6z\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor. Hava kalitesi: K\u00f6t\u00fc. Bu kalite, 1986\u2019n\u0131n 323 g\u00fcn\u00fc kirli ya da \u00e7ok kirli idi. 1989\u2019da ya\u011fmursuz ve r\u00fczgars\u0131z ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnler boyunca Santiago de \u00c7ile, Meksika \u015fehri ve Sao Paulo ile birlikte hava kirlili\u011fi i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u015eili\u2019nin gen\u00e7 ve demokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, her g\u00fcn havaya f\u0131rlat\u0131lan 800 ton kirletici gaz\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in en asgari tedbirleri almaya karar verdi. Otomobil ve fabrika sahipleri aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131lar: Bu, ticaret yapma ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na sald\u0131rmak demekti.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sayg\u0131s\u0131 olmayan para kazanma hakk\u0131 Pinochet\u2019nin diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck y\u0131llar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zd\u0131 ve \u00e7evre kirlenmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftu. Kirletme hakk\u0131, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 en temel fakt\u00f6rlerden biri ve en az\u0131ndan, i\u015f\u00e7ilere a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmeyecek kadar \u00fccret \u00f6deme hakk\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli. T\u00fcketici toplum insanlar\u0131 t\u00fcketiyor, t\u00fcketime zorluyor ve bu arada televizyon, okumu\u015funa da cahiline de su\u00e7 i\u015fleme kursu veriyor. Ger\u00e7ek hayatta televizyon taklit ediliyor, sokaklardaki \u015fiddet ve zorbal\u0131k televizyonun bir uzant\u0131s\u0131. Sokak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 su\u00e7 i\u015fleme talimi yap\u0131yorlar ve sokak bu talim i\u00e7in en uygun yer. Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n insanl\u0131k haklar\u0131 onlar\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmaya zorlayacak ve \u00f6l\u00fcme s\u00fcr\u00fckleyecek dereceye indirilmi\u015f. Kendi kaderlerine terkedilmi\u015f kaplan yavrular\u0131 ava \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Herhangi bir k\u00f6\u015fe ba\u015f\u0131nda adam soyup, adam vurup ka\u00e7\u0131yorlar. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa, so\u011fuk ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 en etkili ila\u00e7 olan sol\u00fcsyonu ci\u011ferlerine \u00e7ekerek ve ba\u015fka uyu\u015fturucu ila\u00e7lar kullanarak ya da bir kur\u015funla gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6l\u00fcp gidiyorlar. G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinde dola\u015fmak y\u00fcrek isteyen bir i\u015f. Evde kalmak da \u00f6yle. \u015eehir e\u015fittir hapisane: A\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa mahkum olmayan korkuya mahkum. Elinde az da olsa biraz paras\u0131 mal\u0131 olan devaml\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framak korkusu i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Paras\u0131 \u00e7ok olan kalelerde ya\u015f\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck apartman binalar\u0131 ve villa kompleksleri, elektronik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n feodal kaleleri. Pazar ekonomisi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda fazlal\u0131k \u00e7ocuklar ya a\u00e7l\u0131k ya da kur\u015funla temizleniyor. A\u00e7l\u0131kla tokluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ya\u015fayan i\u015f\u00e7i ailelerinden gelen bu sokak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n topluma yarar\u0131 yok, olamaz da.<\/p>\n

New York Times\u2019a g\u00f6re Ocak-Ekim 1990 aras\u0131 ba\u015fkent Guatemala\u2019da k\u0131rktan fazla \u00e7ocuk kur\u015funlanarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Dilenen, \u00e7alan, \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fckten toplad\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131klarla kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n dilleri kesilmi\u015f, g\u00f6zleri oyulmu\u015f, kulaklar\u0131 kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f cesetleri \u00e7\u00f6p tepeleri aras\u0131nda yat\u0131yordu. Uluslararas\u0131 Af \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re 1989\u2019da Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n Rio de Janerio, Sao Paulo ve Recife \u015fehirlerinde 457 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00dclkenin kapitalizmden uzak geri kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00f6l\u00fcm mangalar\u0131 ve polis taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen bu cinayetlere rastlanm\u0131yor. Ekonomiyle birlikte sosyal adaletsizlik ve hayata duyulan sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. \u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 bulunmayan \u00fclkelerde her Allah\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fc bu us\u00fbl uygulan\u0131yor ve kamuoyunu etkileyenler bu cinayetleri savunuyorlar. 1990\u2019da bir m\u00fchendis Buenos Aires sokaklar\u0131nda otomobilinden teybini \u00e7al\u0131p ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan iki gen\u00e7 h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Arjantin\u2019in en n\u00fcfuzlu gazetecisi Bernardo Neustadt televizyonda \u201cBen de olsam \u00f6yle yapard\u0131m\u201d dedi. Brezilya tarihinde tek ba\u015f\u0131na en \u00e7ok oy alarak Rio de Janeiro\u2019dan milletvekili se\u00e7ilen Afanasio Jasadji bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 radyo i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 programlara bor\u00e7luydu. Bu programlarda bo\u011faz\u0131 y\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131rcas\u0131na \u00f6l\u00fcm mangalar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fkenceyi ve su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenlerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu. Barbar kapitalizm uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 hayat hakk\u0131ndan daha a\u011f\u0131r bas\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar e\u015fyalardan daha de\u011fersiz. Bunu anlamak i\u00e7in kanunlara bir g\u00f6z atmak yeter: K\u0131tan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcney \u00fclkesinde asker\u00ee diktat\u00f6rlerce uygulanan devlet ter\u00f6rizmini beraat ettiren, c\u00fcrm\u00fc ve i\u015fkenceyi affeden kanunlar, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f olan su\u00e7lar\u0131 affetmediler.<\/p>\n

\u015eubat 1989, Caracas. Kamu hizmeti veren ta\u015f\u0131t ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bilet fiyatlar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zam geliyor, ekmek fiyat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve halk galeyana geliyor: Sokaklarda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz, be\u015f y\u00fcz, kimbilir ka\u00e7 y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00fc. \u015eubat 1991, Lima. Peru k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 liman \u015fehri Chimbote ile Lima\u2019n\u0131n gecekondu mahallelerinde bir iki g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde gerisinde y\u00fczlerce \u00f6l\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Hastanelerde serum yok, tuz yok. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin kemerleri s\u0131kma politikas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerini k\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcm ediyor, yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve asgari \u00fccretten de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret alan Perulular\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Asgari \u00fccret ayda 45 dolar tutar\u0131ndad\u0131r! G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn sava\u015flar\u0131, elektronik sava\u015flar video ekran\u0131nda verilmektedir. Kurbanlar\u0131 duymuyor, g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorsun. Laboratuvar ekonomisi a\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kuruyup \u00e7atlayan topra\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor. Uzaktan kumandal\u0131 silahlarla vicdanlar titremeden \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine zorla geli\u015fme yard\u0131m\u0131 ve planlar\u0131 kabul ettiren uluslararas\u0131 teknokrasi de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ve uzaktan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00dclkelerimiz anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131, varlar\u0131n\u0131 yoklar\u0131n\u0131, serbest pazar ad\u0131 verilen uluslararas\u0131 tekellere teslim ediyorlar. Uluslararas\u0131 teknokrasi, serbest pazar ekonomisinin zenginli\u011fin muskas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ama bu vaaz\u0131 veren zengin \u00fclkeler bu ekonomiyi kendileri neden uygulam\u0131yorlar? Zay\u0131flar\u0131n gerildi\u011fi \u00e7arm\u0131h bu serbest pazar, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fclerin en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ihracat mal\u0131. Yoksul \u00fclkelerde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere imal ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7bir zengin \u00fclke bu mal\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Serbest pazar\u0131n arz ve talep aras\u0131ndaki \u015f\u00fcpheli evlili\u011fi yoksullar\u0131 cezaland\u0131r\u0131yor ve bir spek\u00fclasyon-ekonomisi do\u011furuyor. Prod\u00fcktivitenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7iliyor, al\u0131nteri itibardan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor, t\u00fcketime tap\u0131l\u0131yor. Borsa binalar\u0131ndaki tabelalara ya da televizyon ekranlar\u0131na bak\u0131larak sanki bir insandan s\u00f6z ediliyormu\u015f gibi: \u201cDolardan ne haber?\u201d diye konu\u015fuluyor. Trajedi, komedi bi\u00e7iminde kendini tekrarl\u0131yor. Kristof Kolomb\u2019dan bu yana G\u00fcney Amerika, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n kapitalist geli\u015fmelerini kendi trajedisi olarak ya\u015fad\u0131. \u015eimdi bu trajedi, komedi olarak tekrarlan\u0131yor. Geli\u015fme karikat\u00fcr\u00fc: \u00c7ocuk pozu tak\u0131nan c\u00fcce. Teknokrasi insan de\u011fil, rakam g\u00f6r\u00fcyor; ama i\u015fine gelen rakamlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru son 25 y\u0131l\u0131n birka\u00e7 modernle\u015fme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 kutlanacak. Mesela, uyu\u015fturucu madde ticaretinden elde edilen paralarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Bolivya mucizesi: Kalay devri bitti ve kalayla birlikte maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n ve Bolivya\u2019n\u0131n en m\u00fccadeleci di\u011fer sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n da sonu geldi: Suyu olmayan Llallagua k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131k Calvarie da\u011f\u0131 tepesinde \u00e7anak anteni var. Ya da \u015eili mucizesi. \u015eili\u2019de resm\u00ee istatistikler ekmek bollu\u011fundan bahsediyor, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da itiraf ediyorlar. 1970\u2019de \u015eili halk\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si fakirdi, \u015fimdi ise y\u00fczde 45\u2019i. \u0130nsanl\u0131k de\u011feri gelir-gider hesaplar\u0131yla takdir ediliyor ve fakirleri g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131karmak geli\u015fme ad\u0131na sosyal giderleri k\u0131smak demek.<\/p>\n

1990 ba\u015f\u0131nda Stern, geli\u015fme u\u011fruna Almanya\u2019n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar\u0131n bir bilan\u00e7osunu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Dergi otomobil kazalar\u0131n\u0131n, trafik t\u0131kanmas\u0131n\u0131n, hava-su ve yiyecek maddeleri kirlili\u011finin sebep oldu\u011fu can ve mal kayb\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak bu zarar\u0131n, Alman milli ekonomisi toplam prod\u00fcktivitesinin d\u00f6rtte biri tutar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131. Bir de, modernle\u015fme u\u011fruna G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 felakatlerin sebep oldu\u011fu zarar hesaplansa, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak rakam g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer. Bizim gibi serbest pazar ekonomisi masal\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015f ve paran\u0131n, ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lan bir kaplan gibi sirk\u00fcle edilmesine izin vermi\u015f \u00fclkelerin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar acaba ne kadard\u0131r? S\u00fbni ihtiya\u00e7lar yaratarak bizi ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 unutmaya zorlayan bir sistem y\u00fcz\u00fcnden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve u\u011frayacak oldu\u011fumuz zarar? Bu nereye kadar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir? \u0130nsan ruhuna a\u00e7\u0131lan yaralar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir mi? Durmadan artan \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131, koku\u015fan g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131z? Bat\u0131 zafer \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 at\u0131yor. Do\u011fu blokunun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra mazeret haz\u0131r: Do\u011fu\u2019da durum \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fcyd\u00fc. Acaba \u00f6yle mi? Burada her \u015feyden \u00f6nce sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru, san\u0131yorum, Do\u011fu\u2019nun yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temelde de\u011fi\u015fik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131\u2019da adalet, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ad\u0131na Prod\u00fcktivite tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131na kurban edildi. Do\u011fu\u2019da ise \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, adalet ad\u0131na Prod\u00fcktivite tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131na kurban edildi. G\u00fcney\u2019de ise bizim h\u00e2l\u00e2, bu tanr\u0131\u00e7a u\u011fruna can vermeye de\u011fer mi sorusunu soracak vaktimiz var.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n
(Galeano\u2019nun 4 Ekim 1991\u2019de Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Groningen \u015fehrinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmay\u0131 k\u0131saltarak yay\u0131mlayan De Volkskrant gazetesinden \u00c7eviren OSMAN BLEDA)<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00fcyalar ve k\u00e2buslar ayn\u0131 maddeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ama bir k\u00e2bus var ki bize, g\u00f6rmemize izin verilen tek r\u00fcya oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu k\u00e2bus: Hayattan tiksinen, e\u015fyalara tapan bir geli\u015fme modelidir. Politikac\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcjdesi, teknokratlar\u0131n iddialar\u0131, \u00e7aresizlerin hayali: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri, Birinci D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri gibi zenginle\u015fecek ve uygarla\u015facak ve de mutlu olacaklar; ancak uslu davran\u0131r, kar\u015f\u0131 koymaz ve \u00e7\u0131t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-469","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-dunya"},"yoast_head":"\nOnlar Gibi | Eduardo Galeano - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2009\/03\/31\/onlar-gibi-eduardo-galeano\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Onlar Gibi | Eduardo Galeano\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"R\u00fcyalar ve k\u00e2buslar ayn\u0131 maddeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ama bir k\u00e2bus var ki bize, g\u00f6rmemize izin verilen tek r\u00fcya oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. 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