{"id":4691,"date":"2010-09-07T10:21:46","date_gmt":"2010-09-07T07:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/09\/07\/tek-dil-tek-ulku-tek-hars-55-yilinda-6-7-eylul-olaylari-gultekin-genc\/"},"modified":"2010-09-07T10:21:46","modified_gmt":"2010-09-07T07:21:46","slug":"tek-dil-tek-ulku-tek-hars-55-yilinda-6-7-eylul-olaylari-gultekin-genc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/09\/07\/tek-dil-tek-ulku-tek-hars-55-yilinda-6-7-eylul-olaylari-gultekin-genc\/","title":{"rendered":"‘Tek dil, tek \u00fclk\u00fc- tek hars’ 55. Y\u0131l\u0131nda 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131 | G\u00fcltekin Gen\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yak\u0131n tarihimizin \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerinden biri olan ve 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131; \u00fczerinden 55 y\u0131l gibi bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen; gerek akademik \u00e7evrelerde, gerekse yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemi konu edinen pop\u00fcler tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve romanlarda ele al\u0131nmaya devam etmektedir.[1] 1908\u2019de \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasal bir proje olarak ortaya koydu\u011fu \u201cT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme\u201d politikas\u0131, milli iktisat yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 do\u011frultusunda bir \u201cmilli burjuva\u201d s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.[2] Milli m\u00fccadele d\u00f6nemiyle birlikte kurulan yeni T\u00fcrk-Ulus devleti, kendisinden \u00f6nceki siyasal birikimden ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce hareketlerinden esinlenerek Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde de \u00f6zellikle ekonomi alan\u0131nda \u0130ttihat ve Terakki birikimini de\u011ferlendirme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi i\u00e7erisinde olmu\u015ftur. Devlet merkezli modernle\u015fme projesinin cumhuriyetin sivil ve askeri b\u00fcrokrasisi taraf\u0131ndan aynen devam ettirilmesi neticesinde homojen\/t\u00fcrde\u015f bir ulus yaratabilmenin \u00f6n ko\u015fulu olarak; iktisadi alanda bir Osmanl\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclen az\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik olarak farkl\u0131 ekonomik ve siyasi projeler devreye sokulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u201cTek dil, tek \u00fclk\u00fc- tek hars\u201d s\u00f6ylemi, 1920\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme projesinin slogan\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f ve \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden bu teorik s\u00f6ylem pratik alanda da uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[3] Bunun ilk i\u015fareti 1927\u2019de T\u00fcrk Ocaklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan \u201cVatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Konu\u015f!\u201d kampanyas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu kampanya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131\u00a0 \u201cmillile\u015ftirme politikas\u0131n\u0131n\u201d ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131yd\u0131. 1930\u2019larda d\u00fcnya genelinde, ancak \u00f6zellikle de Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n iki g\u00fc\u00e7lenmekte olan devleti; Almanya ve \u0130talya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilik r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi de etkilemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna paralel bir \u015fekilde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k temelinde bir milliyet\u00e7i cephe olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6yle ki; 1930\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli kanunlarla az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ekonomik alandaki etkinlikleri k\u0131r\u0131larak hareket alanlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde 15 bine yak\u0131n Rum n\u00fcfus T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den, Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir.[4]<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme siyasetinin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck dalgas\u0131 ise, II.D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Milli \u015eef d\u00f6neminin ilgin\u00e7 uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri olan Varl\u0131k Vergisi, teoride sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Gayrim\u00fcslim ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmadan, haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 elde eden ki\u015filerden al\u0131nacak bir vergi olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak uygulama daha \u00e7ok Gayrim\u00fcslimlere y\u00f6nelik olmu\u015ftu. Al\u0131nan karar gere\u011fi vergi olarak toplanan 350 milyon liran\u0131n y\u00fczde 75\u2019i az\u0131nl\u0131klardan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[5] Varl\u0131k Vergisi uygulamalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok Gayrim\u00fcslim art\u0131k eski ekonomik ve toplumsal seviyesinde de\u011fildi ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkeyi terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131. 1946\u2019da parlamenter demokrasiye ge\u00e7en T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Demokrat Parti(DP)\u2019nin iktidara geli\u015fi ile birlikte, II. Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminden itibaren s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen \u201cT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme\u201d politikalar\u0131nda bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6zlemlenmedi. DP, ekonomide b\u00fct\u00fcn liberal s\u00f6ylemlerine ra\u011fmen, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresinde oturan Rum n\u00fcfusun, elindeki sermaye g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc millile\u015ftirmeyi planl\u0131yordu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu geli\u015fmeler do\u011frultusunda 1955 K\u0131br\u0131s sorunu DP\u2019ye bu politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme olana\u011f\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

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1955 K\u0131br\u0131s meselesinin tam anlam\u0131yla t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131. Adadaki Rumlar s\u00fcrekli olarak T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 ter\u00f6r hareketlerinde bulunuyor, olaylar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gazetelerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberler nedeniyle toplum i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck infiale yol a\u00e7maktayd\u0131. Burada ilgin\u00e7 ve 6-7 eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olan \u015fey ise; gazetelerin K\u0131br\u0131s meselesinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Rumlara y\u00f6nelik olarak yazd\u0131klar\u0131 tahrik edici yaz\u0131lard\u0131. H\u00fcrriyet, Yeni Sabah\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi gazetelerin yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda; \u0130stanbul Fener Rum Patrikhanesi ve Patrikhane\u2019nin lideri Athinagoras, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta Makarios\u2019un liderli\u011finde geli\u015fen Rum hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 sessiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ele\u015ftiriliyordu. Patrikli\u011fe y\u00fcklenen gazeteler, Fener\u2019in t\u00fcm Ortodoks d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fini ve onun ek\u00fcmeniklik s\u0131fat\u0131yla K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019taki Makarios\u2019a m\u00fcdahale edebilece\u011fini, aksi halde sessiz kalman\u0131n Makarios\u2019u onaylamak anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini vurgulanmaktayd\u0131.[6] S\u00fcrekli olarak T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan reddedilen bu yakla\u015f\u0131m (ek\u00fcmeniklik), ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde d\u00f6nemin gazetelerince patrikli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu husus Patrikli\u011fin de dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015f olacak ki Patrik Vekili Emilyanos, bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yaparak bas\u0131n\u0131n tavr\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi ortaya koymu\u015ftur: \u201cHem Fener Vatikan gibidir diyorsunuz, hem de Fener Vatikan gibi m\u00fcstakil olmak istiyor diye yaz\u0131yorsunuz.\u201d Ayr\u0131ca 27 A\u011fustos tarihinde H\u00fcrriyet\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kan bir haber, Patrikhanenin toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 gizli yollarla K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iddia edildi\u011fini bildirmekteydi.[7] Yine ayn\u0131 gazete 3 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberde Patrikli\u011fin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a hangi yoldan yard\u0131m etti\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmekte ve Fener\u2019in kendisine ait olup K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta bulunan, \u00f6nemli vak\u0131flar\u0131n gelirlerini Rum ilhak\u00e7\u0131lara ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kamuoyuna duyurmaktayd\u0131.[8] Yap\u0131lan haberler nedeniyle kamuoyunda art\u0131k Patrikli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir tepki olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tepkilerin artmas\u0131 nedeniyle 29 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc Patriklik, polis taraf\u0131ndan koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gazete haberlerinin toplum \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Patrikhaneye y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak anla\u015f\u0131labilir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Patrikhane\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftiri y\u00f6nelten, patrikli\u011fin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Rumlar\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019dan kovulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen ve bu amaca y\u00f6nelik olarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyette bulunan milliyet\u00e7i ayd\u0131n kesiminin de s\u00f6ylem ve tav\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu da\u00a0 bir ger\u00e7ektir.[9]<\/p>\n

Gazeteler bununla birlikte, Yunanistan\u2019daki geli\u015fmeleri ve Yunan bas\u0131n\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan haberleri s\u00fctunlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yarak halk\u0131n daha da heyecanlanmas\u0131na neden oluyordu. T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan pa\u00e7avra olarak nitelendirilen Yunan gazetesi Ethnikos Kiriks\u2019in 13 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Atat\u00fcrk hakk\u0131ndaki bir de\u011ferlendirmesi, bas\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirilmekteydi. Ethnikos Gazetesi\u2019nin bir yazar\u0131, \u201cYa\u015fa Mustafa Kemal\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131 tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir \u015fekilde aldatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktayd\u0131 ve yazara g\u00f6re; Yunan milleti bunu hi\u00e7bir zaman unutmayacakt\u0131. Gazete bundan ba\u015fka Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u0130stiklal sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir \u0130talyan ajan\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130talyanlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn zaferlerini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131rt\u0131ndan kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmekteydi.[10] Bu\u00a0 d\u00f6nemde Yunan ve T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n\u0131 aras\u0131nda canl\u0131 bir propaganda sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu da belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrk gazeteleri \u0130stanbul\u2019da Rumca yay\u0131n yapan gazetelerin yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da ele\u015ftirmekteydi. Ulusal bas\u0131n, Rum gazetelerinden T\u00fcrk tezini destekler nitelikte yaz\u0131lar yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyor, istenen olmay\u0131nca da s\u00fcrekli olarak ele\u015ftirerek kamuoyunun dikkatlerini bunlar \u00fczerine \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.[11] Ayr\u0131ca, aleyhte yay\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 iddia edilen bu gazetelerin Rum vatanda\u015flarca adeta kap\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurgulanmas\u0131n\u0131n; \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm Rumlar\u0131n hedef haline gelmesinde etkili oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u0130stanbul Rumlar\u0131n\u0131n bu durumdan tedirgin olduklar\u0131 ve her an ba\u015flar\u0131na bir \u015fey gelece\u011fi korkusunu ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok Rum, daha 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce tedirginliklerinden dolay\u0131 d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok erken saatlerde kapatmakta, hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 hi\u00e7 a\u00e7mamaktayd\u0131. Bu konu bas\u0131na da yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f, H\u00fcrriyet\u2019in 30 A\u011fustos tarihli bask\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cRum vatanda\u015flar\u0131n yersiz ve bo\u015f tela\u015flar\u0131\u201d, \u201chadise \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannedenler d\u00fcn d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 kapad\u0131lar\u201d \u015feklinde bir haber yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[12]<\/p>\n

25 A\u011fustos\u2019ta H\u00fcrriyet gazetesinde \u00e7\u0131kan \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan bir Rumca gazetenin hezeyanlar\u0131\u201d\u00a0 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberde; \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131n yapan Apoyevmatini Gazetesi\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s konusunu \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 bir tarzda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 vermeden konu hakk\u0131nda \u201cbir mesele\u201d \u201cmahut (bilinen) mesele\u201d diye yorumda bulundu\u011fu belirtilmektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201c Apoyevmatini\u2019nin bu yorum yaz\u0131s\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s hakk\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn haberleri gibi, son zamanlarda Atina gazetelerinin kullanma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 dilin bir naziresinden farks\u0131zd\u0131r ve adeta \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan bir Atina gazetesinin yaz\u0131hanesinden aynen nakledilmi\u015f gibidir. Rumca Gazete\u2019ye g\u00f6re; bu mesele y\u00fcz\u00fcnden mukaddes T\u00fcrk- Yunan dostlu\u011funun feda edilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnahm\u0131\u015f. Hangi mesele bu? Buras\u0131 me\u00e7hul ve esrarengiz! A m\u00fcbarek a\u011fz\u0131ndaki baklay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karsana! Ne olur bu mesele yerine, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kendine ilhak\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi K\u0131br\u0131s meselesi deyiver.\u201d [13]\u00a0 <\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 konuya de\u011finen Vatan gazetesi, 27 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131da Apoyevmatini\u2019yi a\u011f\u0131r bir dille ele\u015ftirmekteydi.[14] Yine ayn\u0131 gazetede \u00e7\u0131kan bir haberi 2 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de s\u00fctunlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yan H\u00fcrriyet Gazetesi; Yunan D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Stefanopulos\u2019un o s\u0131ralarda Londra\u2019da; T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc toplant\u0131daki Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a y\u00f6nelik tezlerinin Apoyevmatini Gazetesi\u2019nde geni\u015f bir yer buldu\u011funu ve bu gazetenin \u0130stanbul Rumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan adeta kap\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n gazetede T\u00fcrk tezini destekleyecek tarzda en ufak bir imada bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemle belirtilmi\u015ftir.[15]<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Rum bas\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ve ulusal gazetelerin buna kar\u015f\u0131 olan tutumu neredeyse t\u00fcm yurtta derin bir infial uyand\u0131r\u0131yordu. 6-7 eyl\u00fcl \u00f6ncesinde ortam\u0131 gerginle\u015ftiren \u015feylerden biri de \u00f6zellikle ba\u015fta K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr Cemiyeti olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 topluluklar\u0131n eylemleriydi. K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr Cemiyeti, K\u0131br\u0131s konusunda halk\u0131 heyecanland\u0131ran eylemler yap\u0131yor, s\u00fcrekli olarak bu konuda bilin\u00e7lerin uyan\u0131k tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. H\u00fcrriyet, Cemiyetin, Londra\u2019da be\u015f bin ki\u015fiyle miting yapmas\u0131n\u0131n, Cemiyete olan sempatiyi artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bundan dolay\u0131 yurdun bir\u00e7ok yerinde a\u00e7\u0131lan yeni \u015fubelerle son zamanlarda cemiyetin \u015fube say\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131n oldu\u011fu belirtilmekteydi. Bunun yan\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Adnan Menderes\u2019in 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr Cemiyeti Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hikmet Bil ile arabas\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.[16] <\/p>\n

6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fanan bu geli\u015fmeler, daha sonra olacaklar\u0131n habercisi gibidir. 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi sonras\u0131nda 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl konusunda yarg\u0131lanan Adnan Menderes \u201cEfkar\u0131 umumiye bu olaya haz\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fcrettibini aramak gerekmez\u201d diyerek olaylar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir sorumlulu\u011funun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[17] Ger\u00e7ektende toplum hadise \u00e7\u0131karmaya haz\u0131rd\u0131 ancak toplumu buna haz\u0131rlayan ko\u015fullar Menderes ve di\u011ferlerinin su\u00e7lu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ortam bu derece gergin bir haldeyken 6 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Selanik\u2019te do\u011fdu\u011fu eve bomba koyuldu\u011fu haberi gazetelerin ve radyonun duyurular\u0131yla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de adeta bir bomba etkisi yaratt\u0131. \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir\u2019de zaten g\u00fcnlerden beri haz\u0131r halde bekleyen halk kitlesi, \u00f6zellikle Rum az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6steriler yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikle \u0130stanbul\u2019daki olaylar\u0131n boyutu ve etkisi daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bunun da en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedeni \u0130zmir\u2019de Rum n\u00fcfus ve m\u00fclklerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n az olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130zmir\u2019de geli\u015fen olaylarda bir\u00e7ok ev, d\u00fckk\u00e2n, baz\u0131 kiliseler, Yunan Konsoloslu\u011fu, \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcr evi yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tahribata u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[18]<\/p>\n

Ancak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar\u0131n oldu\u011fu yer ise \u0130stanbul\u2019du, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rum n\u00fcfusun en yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer buras\u0131yd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130stanbul halk\u0131 olay \u00e7\u0131karma konusunda \u0130zmir halk\u0131na g\u00f6re daha fazla manip\u00fcle edilmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla buradaki hadiselerin \u00e7ap\u0131 ve etkisi de b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu. 6 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan protesto k\u0131sa zamanda ya\u011fma, tahrip ve sald\u0131r\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 2 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u0130stanbul tam bir sava\u015f alan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 7 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin ilan edilmesiyle duran hadiselerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tablo \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. 1004 ev, 4348 d\u00fckkan, 27 eczane ve laboratuar, 21 fabrika, 110 lokanta ve kafe, 73 kilise, 26 okul, 5 spor kul\u00fcb\u00fc, 2 mezarl\u0131k tahrip edilmi\u015fti. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar esnas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok Rum kad\u0131na da tecav\u00fcz edildi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca olaylar s\u0131ras\u0131nda 3 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc ve 30 ki\u015fi de yaraland\u0131.[19] Bununla birlikte y\u00fcksek derecede maddi hasar meydana geldi.[20]<\/p>\n

Olaylar Yunanistan\u2019da derin bir infial uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikle bas\u0131n \u00f6fkeli ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 yorumlarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Demokrat \u0130zmir Gazetesi 10 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deki bask\u0131s\u0131nda Yunan gazetelerinde \u00e7\u0131kan yaz\u0131lara yer vermi\u015ftir. Yunan Tovima Gazetesi\u2019nin yorumu \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cYunanl\u0131lar\u0131n kendilerine taarruz edildi\u011fi zaman dinamit kaps\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc patlatmak gibi komik hareketlere tevess\u00fcl etmek adetleri de\u011fildir. Bunu yapanlar ya T\u00fcrk- Yunan dostlu\u011funu bozmakta menfaati olanlard\u0131r. Yahut da kim bilir hangi maksatla bizzat T\u00fcrklerdir.\u201d\u00a0 Vradini Gazetesi\u2019nin yorumu ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r: \u201c Zaman ge\u00e7er fakat insanlar de\u011fi\u015fmez B\u00fcy\u00fck Kemal; k\u00f6yl\u00fc vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 medeni insanlar haline sokmak istedi. Fakat bunda muvaffak olamad\u0131. Onlar yine barbar olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kilise yakmak, ev ya\u011fma etmek onlar\u0131n milli end\u00fcstrisi olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[21]<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte Yunan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den sald\u0131r\u0131larda zarara u\u011frayanlar\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131n tazmin edilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Olaylar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra h\u00fck\u00fcmet olay\u0131n kom\u00fcnistler taraf\u0131ndan tertip edildi\u011fini beyan ederek kamuoyunun dikkatini bu y\u00f6ne \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, olaylarla hi\u00e7bir ilgileri olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kom\u00fcnist oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelenilen bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi tutuklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak yarg\u0131lamalar sonras\u0131nda su\u00e7suz olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca bu ki\u015filer serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar.[22]\u00a0 S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin ilan edilmesiyle birlikte bas\u0131na baz\u0131 yasaklar getirildi. \u00d6zellikle halk\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte yaz\u0131lar yazmamalar\u0131 konusunda s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca uyar\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ancak hadiseler olmadan \u00f6nce neden b\u00f6yle bir yasaklaman\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulamaya de\u011ferdir. Bununla beraber olaylar\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle bir\u00e7ok gazete s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Bir\u00e7o\u011funun da k\u0131sa ya da uzun s\u00fcreli olmak \u00fczere yay\u0131n\u0131 durduruldu.[23] Ayr\u0131ca daha ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren halk\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hadiseler esnas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr Cemiyeti\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fubeleri kapat\u0131larak ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Su\u00e7lu g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131yla kapanan 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl hadiseleri ile ilgili dosya, 27 May\u0131s 1960\u2019daki askeri darbe sonras\u0131nda yeniden a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Olaylar\u0131n tertip\u00e7isi oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla Demokrat Parti ileri gelenleri ve \u0130stanbul, \u0130zmir ve Ankara\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fclki erk\u00e2n\u0131 yarg\u0131land\u0131. Davan\u0131n tekrardan a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda M.F. K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u201cOlaylar\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00f6ncede biliyordu. Bir tertip vard\u0131.\u201d \u015eeklindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi vard\u0131. Yass\u0131ada\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen duru\u015fmalarda 11 san\u0131ktan d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Adnan Menderes ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu 6\u2019\u015far y\u0131l, \u0130zmir Valisi Kemal Had\u0131ml\u0131 da 4,5 y\u0131l hapse mahk\u00fbm edildi.[24]<\/p>\n

6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok Rum as\u0131ll\u0131 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 \u00fclkeyi terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle homojen bir T\u00fcrk ekonomisi yaratma hayali de k\u0131smen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ya\u015fanan olaylar \u00fclke i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck maddi ve manevi zarar yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar d\u0131\u015f politikada da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi olumsuz etkilemi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle Londra Konferans\u0131 kesintiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve K\u0131br\u0131s konusu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sorunun bug\u00fcn de devam etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse ne denli kritik bir d\u00f6nemde meydana geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bununla birlikte olaylar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki imaj\u0131na da zarar vermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7indeki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 korumada aciz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

[1] Bkz.,\u00a0 Mehmet Akif Demirer, 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 \/ Yass\u0131ada 6\/7 Eyl\u00fcl Davas\u0131 Dezinformatsiya, Ba\u011flam Yay., \u0130stanbul 1995., Hulusi Dosdo\u011fru, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131, Ba\u011flam Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1995., Y\u0131lmaz Karakoyunlu, G\u00fcz Sanc\u0131s\u0131, Do\u011fan Kitap, \u0130stanbul, 2002., Sergun A\u011far, A\u015fk\u0131n Samatyas\u0131 Selanik\u2019te Kald\u0131, Can Yay., \u0130stanbul, 2003., Yahya Ko\u00e7o\u011flu, Hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum (T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Gayrim\u00fcslim Hayatlar), Metis Yay., \u0130stanbul, 2003.
[2] \u00d6zellikle II.Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6nemindeki milli iktisat yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz., Zafer Toprak,\u00a0 Milli \u0130ktisat \u2013 Milli Burjuvazi, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 1995., Zafer Toprak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Milli \u0130ktisat, Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 1982.
[3] Bu konuda bkz., R\u0131fat N. Bali, \u201cCumhuriyet D\u00f6neminde Az\u0131nl\u0131klar Politikas\u201d\u0131, Birikim, Kas\u0131m 1998, say\u0131 115, s. 80.
[4] R\u0131dvan Akar, \u201cCumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi Az\u0131nl\u0131k Politikalar\u0131\u201d, http:\/\/genet.sitemynet.com\/tarih33.htm, (Eri\u015fim: 05.08.2005)
[5] Arzu K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7dere, \u201c\u0130zmir\u2019de 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u201d\u0131, Toplumsal Tarih, \u015eubat 2000, s.35.
[6] Foti Benlisoy, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl \u00d6ncesinde Bas\u0131nda Rumlar\u201d, Toplumsal Tarih, Eyl\u00fcl 2000, s.29.,
[7] H\u00fcrriyet, 27 A\u011fustos 1955.
[8] H\u00fcrriyet 3 Eyl\u00fcl 1955.
[9] Mehmet Ya\u015f\u0131n, \u201cT\u00fcrk Ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131br\u0131s Tarihi ve \u00dcmitsizlik \u0130deolojisi\u201d, Birikim, Say\u0131 115, s.120.
[10] H\u00fcrriyet, 13 A\u011fustos 1955.
[11] Foti Benlisoy, a.g.m. s.33.
[12] H\u00fcrriyet, 30 A\u011fustos 1955
[13] H\u00fcrriyet, 25 A\u011fustos 1955.
[14] Vatan, 27 a\u011fustos 1955.
[15] H\u00fcrriyet, 2 Eyl\u00fcl 1955.
[16] H\u00fcrriyet, 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955.
[17] Hayat Mecmuas\u0131, , 28 Ekim 1960, say\u0131 44, s.4.
[18] \u0130zmir\u2019deki olaylar hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz., Arzu K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7dere, \u0130zmir\u2019de 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131, Toplumsal Tarih, \u015eubat 2000,
[19] R\u0131dvan Akar, \u201c\u0130ki y\u0131ll\u0131k gecikme: 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955\u201d, Toplumsal Tarih, Eyl\u00fcl 2003, s. 92.
[20] Olaylar s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen hasar ve yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar hakk\u0131nda bkz., Uygur Kocaba\u015fo\u011flu , \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131ndan Sonra \u201cHasar Tespit \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d \u00dczerine Birka\u00e7 Ayr\u0131nt\u0131\u201d, Toplumsal Tarih, Eyl\u00fcl 2000, Say\u0131 81, s. 45.
[21] Demokrat \u0130zmir Gazetesi, 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1955.
[22] Bkz. Kansu \u015earman, \u201cKom\u00fcnistler Yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Yakalay\u0131n\u201d, Pop\u00fcler Tarih, Eyl\u00fcl 2000, Hulusi Dosdo\u011fru, 6\/7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131, Ba\u011flam Yay., \u0130stanbul 1993.
[23] Bkz., H\u0131fz\u0131 Topuz, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131 ve Aknoz Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Yasaklar\u0131\u201d, Toplumsal Tarih, Eyl\u00fcl 2000.
[24] R\u0131dvan Akar, a.g.m., s. 93. 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bkz., Mehmet Akif Demirer, 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 \/ Yass\u0131ada 6\/7 Eyl\u00fcl Davas\u0131 Dezinformatsiya, Ba\u011flam Yay., \u0130stanbul 1995.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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