{"id":4714,"date":"2010-10-09T10:34:45","date_gmt":"2010-10-09T07:34:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/10\/09\/gercekci-olunimkansizi-gerceklestirin-olumsuzlugunun-44-yilinda-che-guevara\/"},"modified":"2010-10-09T10:34:45","modified_gmt":"2010-10-09T07:34:45","slug":"gercekci-olunimkansizi-gerceklestirin-olumsuzlugunun-44-yilinda-che-guevara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/10\/09\/gercekci-olunimkansizi-gerceklestirin-olumsuzlugunun-44-yilinda-che-guevara\/","title":{"rendered":"Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olun,imkans\u0131z\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin | \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 44. y\u0131l\u0131nda Che Guevara"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Ernesto Guevara, \u0130spanyol ve \u0130rlanda as\u0131ll\u0131 bir ailenin be\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011funun en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak Arjantin\u2019in Rosario \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Annesinin ve babas\u0131n\u0131n soyu Basklara dayan\u0131r. Bask Do\u011fum belgesinde do\u011fum tarihi olarak 14 Haziran 1928 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k baz\u0131 kaynaklarda, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 14 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fdu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Guevara’n\u0131n atalar\u0131ndan Patrick Lynch 1715 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130rlanda\u2019da Galway\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015f, \u0130rlanda\u2019y\u0131 terkedip \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Bilbao \u015fehrine, oradan da Arjantin\u2019e gitmi\u015ftir. Guevara’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fckbabas\u0131 Francisco Lynch 1817\u2019de, b\u00fcy\u00fckannesi Ana Lynch 1868\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Galway Ana Lynch\u2019in o\u011flu ve Che’nin babas\u0131 Ernesto Guevara Lynch 1900\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Guevara Lynch 1927\u2019de Celia de la Serna y Llosa ile evlenmi\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7 erkek, iki k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Guevara, \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda, bu sol e\u011filimli \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f ailede bile dinamik ki\u015fili\u011fi ve radikal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle bilinirdi. Her ne kadar ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca onu etkileyecek olan ast\u0131m krizlerinden \u0131st\u0131rap \u00e7ekse de m\u00fckemmel bir atlet olmu\u015ftur. Bu engeline ra\u011fmen hevesli bir rugby oyuncusuydu ve \u2018\u2019Fuser\u2019\u2019 (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sald\u0131rgan oyun tarz\u0131 nedeniyle verilen, azg\u0131n, kudurmu\u015f anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018\u2019El Furibundo\u2019\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile annesinin soyad\u0131 olan \u2018\u2019Serna\u2019\u2019dan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir takma isim) lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.Guevara babas\u0131ndan satran\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren yerel turnuvalara kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ergenlik d\u00f6neminde \u015fiire, \u00f6zellikle de Pablo Neruda\u2019n\u0131n \u015fiirlerine merak sald\u0131. Neruda[\u203a]. Guevara, Latin Amerika\u2019da kendi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u00fczere ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca \u015fiir yazd\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok konuya merakl\u0131, hevesli bir okuyucuydu, ilgilendi\u011fi kitaplar Jack London ve Jules Verne\u2019in macera klasiklerinden, Sigmund Freud\u2019un cinsellik \u00fczerine denemelerine ve Bertrand Russell\u2019\u0131n toplum felsefesi \u00fczerine tezlerine kadar giden bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steriyordu. Ergenli\u011finin son d\u00f6nemlerinde foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa merak sald\u0131 ve vaktinin \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131nda insanlar\u0131, gitti\u011fi yerleri ve sonralar\u0131 da arkeolojik alanlar\u0131 foto\u011fraflad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Guevara, t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenimi i\u00e7in 1948\u2019de Buenos Aires \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne girdi. Kesintili \u00f6\u011frenim hayat\u0131n\u0131, Mart 1953\u2019te t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenimini bitirip ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 12 Haziran\u2019\u0131nda diplomas\u0131n\u0131 alarak noktalad\u0131. Diploma Uzman hekimlik yapabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli klinik e\u011fitimi tamamlay\u0131p tamamlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. E\u011fer bu klinik e\u011fitimi tamamlamad\u0131ysa \u201cdoctor en medicina\u201d (t\u0131p doktoru) de\u011fil de \u201cm\u00e9dico\u201d (pratisyen hekim) olmu\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

Guevara \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fi boyunca Latin Amerika\u2019da uzun yolculuklara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda eski arkada\u015f\u0131 biyokimyager Alberto Granado, y\u0131llard\u0131r konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 G\u00fcney Amerika seyahati i\u00e7in t\u0131p e\u011fitimine bir y\u0131l ara vermesini \u00f6nerdi. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra, \u2018\u2019La Poderosa II\u2019\u2019 (G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc II) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri 500 cc.lik 1939 model Norton marka motosikletle Alta Gracia\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Peru\u2019da Amazon Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki San Pablo c\u00fczzam kolonisinde g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak birka\u00e7 hafta ge\u00e7irmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Guevara’n\u0131n bu yolculu\u011fu anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahat notlar\u0131 \u201cNotas de viaje\u2019\u2019 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cDiarios de motocicleta\u201d (Motosiklet G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri) ad\u0131yla sinemaya uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda kitlelerin yoksullu\u011funu, bask\u0131y\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckleri yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemleyen ve Marksizm\u2019den etkilenen Guevara, Latin Amerika\u2019daki ekonomik ve sosyal e\u015fitsizliklerin tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn devrim oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131. Yolculuklar\u0131, Latin Amerika\u2019ya ayr\u0131 uluslardan olu\u015fan bir karma yap\u0131 olarak de\u011fil de kurtulu\u015fu ancak k\u0131ta \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir strateji ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek tek bir v\u00fccut olarak bakmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olmayan ve tek bir \u2018\u2019mestizo\u2019\u2019 (Avrupal\u0131 ve yerli melezi) k\u00fclt\u00fcr ile ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f birle\u015fik \u0130ber-Amerika kurabilmeyi hayal etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 \u0130ber-Amerika. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, sonraki devrimci eylemlerinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131. Arjantin\u2019e d\u00f6ner d\u00f6nmez, G\u00fcney ve Orta Amerika\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden gezilerine devam edebilmek i\u00e7in t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenimini h\u0131zla bitirdi.<\/p>\n

Guevara, 7 Temmuz 1953\u2019te, Bolivya, Peru, Ekvador, Panama, Kosta Rika, Nikaragua, Honduras, ve El Salvador\u2019dan ge\u00e7ip Aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde Guatemala\u2019ya vard\u0131. O s\u0131ralarda pop\u00fclist bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Ba\u015fkan Jacobo Arbenz Guzm\u00e1n \u00f6zellikle toprak reformu ve di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle bir toplumsal devrim\u00a0 yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Beatriz halas\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta Guatemala\u2019ya bir s\u00fcre yerle\u015fmesinin sebebini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu: “Guatemala\u2019da ger\u00e7ek bir devrimci olabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli ne varsa yapaca\u011f\u0131m ve kendimi m\u00fckemmelle\u015ftirece\u011fim.” <\/p>\n

Jon Anderson\u2019a g\u00f6re Guevara\u2019n\u0131n Guatemala\u2019daki ana siyas\u00ee ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 Perulu sosyalist Hilda Gadea\u2019yd\u0131. \u2018\u2019American Popular Revolutionary Alliance\u2019\u2019 (APRA) (Amerikan Pop\u00fcler Devrimciler \u0130ttifak\u0131. Lideri V\u00edctor Ra\u00fal Haya de la Torre olan siyas\u00ee bir olu\u015fum.) \u00fcyesi olan Gadea, Arbenz h\u00fck\u00fcmetindeki bir\u00e7ok \u00fcst d\u00fczey politikac\u0131y\u0131 Guevara\u2019yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce Kosta Rika\u2019da tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Fidel Castro ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir grup K\u00fcbal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnle de ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu. Bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin aras\u0131nda K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n Oriente eyaletindeki Bayamo\u2019da bulunan \u2018\u2019Carlos Manuel de C\u00e9spedes\u2019\u2019 barakalar\u0131na yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan Antonio \u2018\u2019Nico\u2019\u2019 L\u00f3pez de vard\u0131. Lopez Granma K\u00fcba\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra \u2018\u2019Ojo del Toro\u2019\u2019 k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedecekti. Siyah \u0130sa ile ilgili din\u00ee e\u015fyalar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu \u2018\u2019moncadista\u2019\u2019lara kat\u0131lan Guevara ayn\u0131 zamanda Venezuelal\u0131 iki s\u0131tma uzman\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u0131ralarda, Arjantinlilere \u00f6zg\u00fc, \u201chey\u201d, \u201cdostum\u201d, \u201cbirader\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cche\u201d \u00fcnlemini \u00e7ok s\u0131k kullanmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cChe\u201d takmaad\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\/t\u0283e\/ olarak telaffuz edilir). Yaln\u0131zca Arjantin, Paraguay ve Uruguay ile Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde kullan\u0131lan bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck, kullanan\u0131n Rio de la Plata b\u00f6lgesinden geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Ekonomik durumu genellikle pek iyi de\u011fildi ve Hilda\u2019n\u0131n ziynet e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 rehine vermek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 15 May\u0131s 1954\u2019te Kom\u00fcnist \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019dan Arbenz h\u00fck\u00fcmetine destek olarak g\u00f6nderilen y\u00fcksek kalitede Skoda piyade ve hafif top\u00e7u silahlar\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7 gemisi \u2019\u2019Alfhem\u2019\u2019 ile Puerto Barrios\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu silahlar\u0131n miktar\u0131 CIA taraf\u0131ndan 2.000 ton\u00a0 ve ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde John Lee Anderson taraf\u0131ndan da 2 ton olarak tahmin edilmektedir. (Anderson’\u0131n tahmin etti\u011fi miktar\u0131n yaz\u0131m hatas\u0131 oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu rakamdan bahseden g\u00fcvenilir kay\u0131t say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.) Guevara yeni bir vize almak \u00fczere k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7in El Salvador\u2019a ge\u00e7ti ve Guatemala\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Bu s\u0131rada CIA taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen Carlos Castillo Armas liderli\u011findeki darbe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arbenz kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kuvvetler, \u00c7ekoslovak silahlar\u0131n\u0131n trenler yard\u0131m\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durduram\u0131yorlard\u0131, ancak g\u00fc\u00e7lerini toparlad\u0131ktan sonra hava deste\u011finin yard\u0131m\u0131yla ilerlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.Guevara birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Kom\u00fcnist Gen\u00e7lik taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen silahl\u0131 milislere kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu grubun harekete ge\u00e7memesi \u00fczerine tekrar t\u0131bb\u00ee hizmetlere d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Darbenin ard\u0131ndan Guevara \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc oldu, ancak Arbenz yabanc\u0131 destek\u00e7ilerinin \u00fclkeyi terketmesini istiyordu. Gadea tutukland\u0131ktan sonra Guevara k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7in Arjantin konsoloslu\u011funda sakland\u0131 ve sonra Meksika\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Arbenz h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin CIA destekli bir darbeyle devrilmesi \u00fczerine, Guevara\u2019n\u0131n Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin emperyalist bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funa ve Latin Amerika ve di\u011fer geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdeki sosyoekonomik e\u015fitsizlikleri d\u00fczeltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere vazge\u00e7meden kar\u015f\u0131 koyaca\u011f\u0131na dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri kesinle\u015fti. Bu onun sosyalizmin ancak silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele sonunda elde edilebilece\u011fi ve bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 da ancak silahlanm\u0131\u015f bir halk\u0131n savunabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini kuvvetlendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eyl\u00fcl 1954\u2019te Meksika\u2019ya geli\u015finden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra, Guevara Nico L\u00f3pez ve Guatemala\u2019dan tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer K\u00fcbal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tazeledi. Haziran\u2019da L\u00f3pez onu Ra\u00fal Castro ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Birka\u00e7 hafta sonra K\u00fcba\u2019daki siyasi hapishaneden sal\u0131verilen Fidel Castro Meksika\u2019ya geldi ve 8 Temmuz 1955\u2019te Ra\u00fal Guevara\u2019y\u0131 Fidel Castro ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn gece s\u00fcren ate\u015fli bir sohbetin ard\u0131ndan Guevara Castro\u2019nun, arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 esin kayna\u011f\u0131 devrim lideri oldu\u011funa kanaat getirerek K\u00fcba diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Fulgencio Batista\u2019y\u0131 devirmek i\u00e7in kurulan \u2018\u201926 Temmuz Hareketi\u2019\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. Grubun doktoru olmas\u0131na karar verildiyse de hareketin di\u011fer \u00fcyeleriyle asker\u00ee e\u011fitime kat\u0131ld\u0131, e\u011fitimin sonunda e\u011fitmenleri Albay Alberto Bayo\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan en g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan \u00f6\u011frenci olarak nitelendirildi. Bu s\u0131rada Gadea, Guatemala\u2019dan gelmi\u015fti ve Guevara ile ili\u015fkileri devam ediyordu. 1955 yaz\u0131nda hamile oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyince, Guevara hemen evlenmelerini \u00f6nerdi. 18 A\u011fustos 1955\u2019te evlendiler ve 15 \u015eubat 1956\u2019da Hilda Beatriz ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri k\u0131zlar\u0131 do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n

25 Kas\u0131m 1956\u2019da Tuxpan, Veracruz\u2019dan K\u00fcba\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kan Granma yat\u0131nda K\u00fcbal\u0131 olmayan tek ki\u015fi Guevara\u2019yd\u0131. Karaya \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz Batista\u2019n\u0131n askerlerinin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011frayan ekibin yar\u0131s\u0131 hemen orada veya yakaland\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Guevara, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada ka\u00e7an bir yolda\u015f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cephaneyi almak i\u00e7in t\u0131bb\u00ee malzeme \u00e7antas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve o \u00e2n\u0131, doktordan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc an olarak hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar. S\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131[\u203a] Hayatta kalan 15\u201320 isyanc\u0131 ka\u00e7arak Sierra Maestra da\u011flar\u0131na saklan\u0131r ve Batista rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 gerilla sava\u015f\u0131na giri\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Yolda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan cesareti ve asker\u00ee yetene\u011fi nedeniyle sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren Guevara isyanc\u0131lar aras\u0131nda bir lider, bir Comandante Comandante olur. Bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u201cac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d nedeniyle korkulan ki\u015fidir. Muhbir, ka\u00e7ak ve casus olarak su\u00e7lu bulunan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin infaz\u0131ndan sorumludur. 1958 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde devrimin en \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131ndan olan Santa Clara\u2019ya sald\u0131ran “intihar timi”ni (isyan ordusundaki en tehlikeli i\u015fleri bu tim yap\u0131yordu) y\u00f6netti. Generallerinin ve \u00f6zellikle de General Cantillo\u2019nun \u2018\u2019Central America\u2019\u2019 isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan \u015feker fabrikas\u0131nda Castro ile bulu\u015ftu\u011funu ve isyan lideri ile ayr\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Batista 1 Ocak 1959\u2019da Dominik Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7 \u015eubat 1959\u2019da zafer kazanan h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan Guevara \u201cdo\u011fu\u015ftan K\u00fcba vatanda\u015f\u0131\u2019\u2019 ilan edildi. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Meksika\u2019dan Granma yat\u0131yla yola \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce, ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Gadea ile evlili\u011fini resmen sona erdirmek i\u00e7in bo\u015fanma i\u015flemlerine ba\u015flad\u0131. 2 Haziran 1959\u2019da, 26 Temmuz Hareketi\u2019nin K\u00fcba do\u011fumlu bir \u00fcyesi olan ve 1958 sonlar\u0131ndan beri birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Aleida March ile evlendi. <\/p>\n

La Caba\u00f1a hapishanesinin komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131\u00a0 ve 2 Ocak 1959\u2019dan 12 Haziran 1959\u2019a kadar alt\u0131 ay boyunca \u00fcstlendi\u011fi bu g\u00f6revdeyken Batista rejiminin memurlar\u0131n\u0131n, BRAC gizli servis (Bur\u00f3 de Represi\u00f3n de Actividades Comunistas\/Kom\u00fcnist eylemlerin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sorumlu servis) mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n, sava\u015f su\u00e7lusu oldu\u011fu iddia edilenlerin ve siyas\u00ee muhaliflerin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve infaz\u0131ndan sorumlu oldu. TIME dergisine g\u00f6re, y\u00f6netti\u011fi yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n \u201cadil\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmekteydi.[16] Daha sonra Ulusal Toprak Reformu Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6reve geldi INRA ve K\u00fcba Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. BNC (s\u0131k s\u0131k paray\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 destekledi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu horg\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6stermek ad\u0131na K\u00fcba paralar\u0131n\u0131 takma ad\u0131 olan “Che” ile imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131ralarda satranca olan ilgisi tekrar canlanan Guevara K\u00fcba\u2019da yap\u0131lan ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 turnuvalara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle gen\u00e7 K\u00fcbal\u0131lar\u0131 oyunu \u00f6\u011frenmeleri i\u00e7in te\u015fvik ediyor ve onlar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekecek etkinlikler d\u00fczenliyordu.<\/p>\n

1959 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Guevara K\u00fcba’dan, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki devrimci hareketlere yard\u0131m etti ama bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. \u0130lk deneme Panama\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, di\u011fer bir eylem de 14 Haziran\u2019da Dominik Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde yap\u0131ld\u0131. (\u201cEl Argelino\u201d diye de bilinen Henry Fuerte\u00a0 ve Enrique Jim\u00e9nez Moya \u00f6nderli\u011finde.)
1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Guevara \u2018\u2019La Coubre\u2019\u2019 silah gemisi patlamas\u0131nda kurbanlara yard\u0131m etti. Kurtarma operasyonu s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki ikinci patlamayla birlikte \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fc a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu patlamada \u00f6lenlerin cenaze t\u00f6reninde Alberto Korda Che\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. La Coubre’nin sabotaj ya da kaza sonucu mu patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemektedir. Sabotaj oldu\u011funu iddia edenler, sorumlu olarak Merkez\u00ee Haberalma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc (CIA),ve sabotaj\u0131 yapan ki\u015fi olarak da merkez\u00ee eyaletlerdeki Batista kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerden Guevara\u2019n\u0131n rakibi olan ve daha sonra CIA ajan\u0131 oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan William Alexander Morgan’\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler.K\u00fcbal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler, patlaman\u0131n sorumlusunun Guevara\u2019n\u0131n SSCB\u2019ye sad\u0131k rakipleri oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerler.<\/p>\n

Guevara daha sonra Sanayi Bakan\u0131 MININD olarak K\u00fcba sosyalizminin a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin bir hale gelmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015f, \u00fclkenin \u00f6nde gelen ki\u015fileri aras\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. \u201cGerilla Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019\u2019 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda silahl\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya \u00f6nayak olacak geni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlere gerek duymadan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir gerilla grubu (\u2018\u2019foco\u2019\u2019) taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan K\u00fcba modeli devrim fikrinin tekrar edilmesini savunmu\u015ftur. El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba (1965) (K\u00fcba\u2019da sosyalizm ve insan) adl\u0131 denemesinde sosyalist devletle birlikte \u201cyeni bir insan\u201d bi\u00e7imlendirmenin gereklili\u011fini savunur. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 Guevara\u2019y\u0131 bu \u2018\u2019yeni insan\u2019\u2019\u0131n al\u0131ml\u0131 ve yal\u0131n bir modeli olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1961 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Domuzlar K\u00f6rfezi \u0130\u015fgali\u2019nde Guevara \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Castro’nun emriyle K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n en bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Pinar del rio eyaletindeki bir kuvvetin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve burada sahte \u00e7\u0131karma kuvvetini p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu harek\u00e2t s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kur\u015fun yaras\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ama kendi silah\u0131n\u0131n kazara ate\u015f almas\u0131yla yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Guevara 1962 Ekim ay\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan K\u00fcba F\u00fcze Krizi\u2019ne neden olan Sovyet n\u00fckleer balistik f\u00fczelerinin K\u00fcba\u2019ya getirilmesinde anahtar rol alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 ay sonra \u0130ngiliz gazetesi \u2018\u2019Daily Worker\u2019\u2019 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede e\u011fer f\u00fczeler K\u00fcba kontrol\u00fcnde olsayd\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca ABD \u015fehirlerine do\u011fru bu f\u00fczeleri kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Aral\u0131k 1964’te Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’de konu\u015fma yapmak \u00fczere K\u00fcba heyetinin ba\u015f\u0131 olarak New York’a gitti. (dinleyiniz, RealPlayer gereklidir; ya da okuyunuz). CBS televizyon kanal\u0131nda pazar g\u00fcnleri yay\u0131nlanan Face the Nation isimli haber program\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. ABD Senat\u00f6r\u00fc Eugene McCarthy, Malcolm X’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, Kanadal\u0131 radikal Michelle Duclos dahil olmak \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015fik ki\u015fi ve gruplarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 17 Aral\u0131k’ta Paris’e u\u00e7tu ve \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k bir uluslararas\u0131 geziye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti, Birle\u015fik Arap Cumhuriyeti (M\u0131s\u0131r), Cezayir, Gana, Gine, Mali, Dahomey, Kongo-Brazzaville ve Tanzanya’y\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131. \u0130rlanda, Paris ve Prag’da molalar verdi. 24 \u015eubat 1965’te Cezayir’de, sonradan uluslararas\u0131 sahnede son g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olacak olan “\u0130kinci Afrika-Asya Ekonomik Dayan\u0131\u015fma Semineri”ndeki konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131. Bu konu\u015fmada \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: “\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcne olan bu m\u00fccadelede hi\u00e7bir s\u0131n\u0131r yoktur. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde meydana gelen olaylara kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalamay\u0131z. Bir \u00fclkenin emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 zaferi bizim zaferimizdir, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yenilgisi de bizim yenilgimizdir.” \u015eu s\u00f6zlerle de dinleyicilerini \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Sosyalist \u00fclkelerin, Bat\u0131’n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u00fclkeleriyle \u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini tasfiye etmeleri ahlak\u00ee g\u00f6revleridir.” Sonra da bu hedefe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in kom\u00fcnist blo\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin uygulamas\u0131 gereken bir dizi eylemi s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14 Mart’ta K\u00fcba’ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Havana havaalan\u0131nda Fidel ve Ra\u00fal Castro, Osvaldo Dortic\u00f3s ve Carlos Rafael Rodr\u00edguez taraf\u0131ndan sade bir t\u00f6renle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki hafta sonra Guevara kamu hayat\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildi ve ard\u0131ndan tamamen ortadan kayboldu. Castro’dan sonra gelen adam olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fcba’da nerede oldu\u011fu, 1965 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck gizemlerindendi. Ortadan kaybolu\u015fu i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik sebepler \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc: sanayi bakan\u0131yken savundu\u011fu sanayile\u015fme projelerinin g\u00f6rece ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7in-Sovyet Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a Guevara’n\u0131n \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi yanl\u0131 tutumunu onaylamayan Sovyet resm\u00ee g\u00f6revlilerinin Castro’ya yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131 ve K\u00fcba’n\u0131n ekonomik geli\u015fmesi ile ideolojik \u00e7izgisi \u00fczerine Guevara ile K\u00fcba lideri aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131. Castro’nun Guevara’n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z olup onu tehdit olarak g\u00f6rmesi de neden olarak g\u00f6sterildi. Castro’nun baz\u0131 muhalifleri onun Guevara’n\u0131n kaybolu\u015fu hakk\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler. Guevara’n\u0131n niyetlerini hi\u00e7 alenen a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131p, sadece Castro’ya yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tarihsiz ve tarz\u0131 olmayan dalkavuk\u00e7a bir mektupla bildirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Guevara’n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi liderleri taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerle benze\u015fmesi, ekonomisi gittik\u00e7e Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ne daha da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131la\u015fmakta olan K\u00fcba i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir sorundu. K\u00fcba devriminin ilk g\u00fcnlerinden itibaren Guevara’n\u0131n Latin Amerika’da Maocu stratejinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 savundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu ve yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu K\u00fcba’n\u0131n h\u0131zla sanayile\u015fmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren plan, \u00c7in’in “\u0130leri B\u00fcy\u00fck At\u0131l\u0131m”\u0131na benzetiliyordu. K\u00fcba’n\u0131n bat\u0131l\u0131 “g\u00f6zlemcileri”ne g\u00f6re Guevara’n\u0131n Sovyet ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve \u00f6nerilerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Castro’nun kabul etmek zorunda kalmas\u0131 ortadan kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni olabilirdi. Halbuki hem Guevara hem de Castro, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve \u00c7in’in de bulundu\u011fu birle\u015fik cepheyi destekliyordu. Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bu iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda antla\u015fma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanan bir dizi giri\u015fimde de bulunmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kru\u015f\u00e7ev’in Castro’ya dan\u0131\u015fmadan K\u00fcba’dan f\u00fczeleri \u00e7ekmeye raz\u0131 gelmesini Sovyetlerin ihaneti olarak g\u00f6ren Guevara, K\u00fcba F\u00fcze Krizi’nden sonra Sovyetler Birli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda daha da \u015f\u00fcpheci oldu. Cezayir’deki son konu\u015fmas\u0131nda art\u0131k Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre’yi, bat\u0131da ABD ve do\u011fuda SSCB liderli\u011finde, G\u00fcney Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre’nin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir. Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kom\u00fcnist Kuzey Vietnam’\u0131 desteklemi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin halklar\u0131n\u0131, silahlan\u0131p “pek \u00e7ok Vietnamlar” yaratmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Guevara’n\u0131n ak\u0131beti hakk\u0131ndaki uluslararas\u0131 spek\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131yla Castro 16 Haziran 1965’te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada insanlar\u0131n Guevara hakk\u0131nda bilgi almalar\u0131n\u0131n ancak Guevara istedi\u011finde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Guevara’n\u0131n ortadan kaybolu\u015fu ile ilgili K\u00fcba i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok dedikodu yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 3 Ekim’inde Castro, Guevara’n\u0131n birka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce kendisine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsiz mektubu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu mektupta Guevara K\u00fcba devrimine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekrarl\u0131yor ancak devrim yolunda yabanc\u0131 topraklarda sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in K\u00fcba’dan ayr\u0131lma niyetini bildiriyordu. Mektubunda “d\u00fcnyadaki di\u011fer uluslar benim basit eme\u011fime \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapt\u0131lar” diyerek, “yeni sava\u015f alanlar\u0131nda” gerilla olarak sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lmaya karar verdi\u011fini belirtiyordu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda h\u00fck\u00fcmet, parti ve ordu i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm g\u00f6revlerinden istifa etti\u011fini ve ona devrim i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 takdir amac\u0131yla verilmi\u015f olan K\u00fcba vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini de ekliyordu.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt yabanc\u0131 gazeteciyle 1 Kas\u0131mda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda Castro, Guevara’n\u0131n nerede oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fini ama a\u00e7\u0131klamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, eski yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair s\u00f6ylentileri reddetti ve Guevara’n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok iyi oldu\u011funu ekledi. Castro’nun s\u00f6zlerine ra\u011fmen 1965’in sonunda Guevara’n\u0131n ak\u0131beti bir gizem olarak kald\u0131, hareketleri ve nerede oldu\u011fu iki y\u0131l boyunca \u00f6zenle saklanan bir s\u0131r oldu.<\/p>\n

1965 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 14 Mart’\u0131n\u0131 15 Mart’a ba\u011flayan gece boyunca yapt\u0131klar\u0131 toplant\u0131 sonucunda Guevara ve Castro, Sahara \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede K\u00fcba’n\u0131n ilk asker\u00ee operasyonunu bizzat Guevara’n\u0131n y\u00f6netmesi konusunda anla\u015ft\u0131lar. Cezayir\u00a0 Baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir kaynaklar Guevara’n\u0131n kendisini bu operasyonda desteklemesi i\u00e7in Castro’yu ikna etti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ayn\u0131 derecede g\u00fcvenilir di\u011fer kaynaklar ise Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerindeki ko\u015fullar\u0131n focos\u00a0 gerilla \u00e7ekirdeklerinin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan Castro’nun bu eyleme girmesi i\u00e7in Guevara’y\u0131 ikna etti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Castro’nun kendisi de ikinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn do\u011fru oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. O zamanlar Cezayir’in devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan ve Guevara ile k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen Ahmed Bin Bella\u00a0 ise \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: “Afrika’da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren durumun b\u00fcy\u00fck devrim potansiyeline sahip g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi, Che’yi Afrika’n\u0131n emperyalizmin zay\u0131f halkas\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna itti. O da art\u0131k \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 Afrika’ya y\u00f6nlendirmeye karar verdi.”<\/p>\n

K\u00fcba operasyonu Kongo-Kin\u015fasa’daki (\u00f6nceleri Bel\u00e7ika Kongosu, sonradan Zaire ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti) Patrice Lumumba yanl\u0131s\u0131 Marksist Simba hareketinin desteklenmesi ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclecekti. Guevara, yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Victor Dreke ve on iki K\u00fcbal\u0131 24 Nisan 1965’te K\u00fcba’ya vard\u0131. Di\u011fer K\u00fcbal\u0131lar da k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra onlara kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bir s\u00fcre, gerilla lideri Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.Kabila Kabila, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Kongo ordusu taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131lan bir isyana giri\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in Lumumba’n\u0131n destek\u00e7ilerine yard\u0131m etmi\u015fti. Guevara, \u00f6nemsiz biri oldu\u011funa karar verdi\u011fi Kabila’y\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey onun bu \u00e2n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi adam oldu\u011funa beni inand\u0131ramaz.”<\/p>\n

Guevara 37 ya\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ve resm\u00ee asker\u00ee e\u011fitim almam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Batista’n\u0131n devrilmesinde \u00f6nemli yer i\u015fgal eden Santa Clara harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu K\u00fcba devrimi deneyimlerine sahipti. Ast\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle Arjantin’de askere al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Per\u00f3n h\u00fck\u00fcmetine olan muhalefeti g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bundan gurur duyard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mike Hoare’un i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131 paral\u0131 askerler ve K\u00fcbal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler Kongo ordusuyla birlikte Guevara’y\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Guevara’n\u0131n haberle\u015fmesini dinliyor, sald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan isyanc\u0131lara ve K\u00fcbal\u0131lara pusu kuruyor ve Guevara’n\u0131n ikmal hatlar\u0131n\u0131 kesiyorlard\u0131. Guevara’n\u0131n gayesi yerel Simba sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na kom\u00fcnist ideolojiyi ve gerilla sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freterek bir anlamda K\u00fcba Devrimini ‘ihra\u00e7 etmekti’. Guevara Pasajes de la Guerra Revolucionaria:Congo (Kongo G\u00fcnl\u00fckleri)’nde devrimin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana nedenleri olarak yerli Kongo kuvvetlerinin yeteneksizli\u011fi, uzla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendi aralar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeyi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ast\u0131m\u0131 n\u00fcksetmi\u015f, yedi ay s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde, K\u00fcba’dan gelenlerden sa\u011f kalanlarla (birli\u011finin alt\u0131 \u00fcyesi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc) Kongo’yu terketti. Bir noktada yaral\u0131lar\u0131 K\u00fcba’ya g\u00f6nderip, tek ba\u015f\u0131na sava\u015fmaya devam etmeyi ve devrimcilere \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmeyi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak silah arkada\u015flar\u0131 ve Castro’nun g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi iki memurun ikna etmesi sonucu Kongo’dan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 niyetiyle b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektubun Castro taraf\u0131ndan kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131\u00a0 ve bu mektupta d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerindeki devrimlere kendini adamak i\u00e7in K\u00fcba ile olan t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kopard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazmas\u0131, ahlak\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan di\u011fer sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131larla K\u00fcba’ya d\u00f6nmesini engellemi\u015ftir. Kongo’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra alt\u0131 ay boyunca Dar\u00fcsselam, Prag ve Alman Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’nde saklanm\u0131\u015f, Kongo deneyiminde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 toparlam\u0131\u015f ve biri felsefe di\u011feri ekonomi\u00a0 \u00fczerine iki kitab\u0131n taslaklar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem boyunca Castro, Guevara’y\u0131 K\u00fcba’ya d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in zorlad\u0131, Guevara bunu kabul etti\u011finde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7ici olaca\u011f\u0131 ve adadaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131r kalaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015ftu; Latin Amerika’da bir yerlerde yeni bir devrim \u00e7abas\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmak i\u00e7in gereken birka\u00e7 ayl\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6necekti.<\/p>\n

Guevara’n\u0131n nerede oldu\u011fu konusundaki spek\u00fclasyonlar 1966 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca ve 1967’de de devam etti. Mozambik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketi FRELIMO’nun temsilcileri, 1966 sonu ya da 1967 ba\u015f\u0131nda, Guevara ile Dar\u00fcsselam’da bulu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve o zaman da onun devrim projelerine yard\u0131m \u00f6nerisini reddettiklerini bildirdiler. 1967 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 1 May\u0131s\u00a0 g\u00f6sterileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Havana’da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler Bakan vekili Bnb. Juan Almeida, Guevara’n\u0131n “Latin Amerika’da bir yerlerde devrime hizmet etti\u011fini” duyurdu. Bolivya’da gerillalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funa dair gelen haberlerin do\u011fru oldu\u011fu sonradan anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Castro’nun iste\u011fiyle, g\u00f6zden uzak \u00d1ancahuaz\u00fa b\u00f6lgesindeki bir arazi, Guevara taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitim alan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, yerli Bolivya Kom\u00fcnistleri taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Kamp[\u203a]. Bulgulara g\u00f6re \u00d1ancahuaz\u00fa b\u00f6lgesindeki bu kamptaki e\u011fitim Guevara ve yan\u0131ndaki K\u00fcbal\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmadan daha tehlikeliydi. Bir gerilla ordusu olu\u015fturma yolunda pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eski Stasi ajan\u0131 Hayd\u00e9e Tamara Bunke Bider, ya da daha iyi bilindi\u011fi takma ad\u0131 ile “Tania”, La Paz’da Guevara’n\u0131n ana ajan\u0131 olarak yerle\u015fmi\u015fti. Tania’n\u0131n KGB i\u00e7in de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilir ve Bolivyal\u0131 yetkilileri Guevara’n\u0131n izini bulmaya y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in bilmeden Sovyet \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet etti\u011fi de anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bolivya Ordusu ile Mart 1967’de ilk \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu e\u011fitim kamp\u0131n\u0131 terkederken geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nemli say\u0131daki foto\u011fraf, Guevara’n\u0131n Bolivya’da oldu\u011funa dair ilk kan\u0131t olmu\u015ftur. Foto\u011fraflar\u0131 g\u00f6ren Bolivya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ren\u00e9 Barrientos’un Guevara’n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir karg\u0131 \u00fczerinde La Paz \u015fehir merkezinde sergilenmesini istedi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Ba\u015fkan Bolivya Ordusu’na Guevara’y\u0131 ve yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 takip edip yakalama emrini verdi.<\/p>\n

Guevara’n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k elli ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan ve ELN (Ej\u00e9rcito de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional de Bolivia – Bolivya Ulusal Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Ordusu) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda eylem yapan gerilla kuvveti iyi donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve da\u011fl\u0131k Camri b\u00f6lgesinde Bolivya d\u00fczenli ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etti. Eyl\u00fcl’de ise Ordu iki gerilla grubunu ve liderlerden birini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zorlu ge\u00e7en \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen, gerillalar\u0131n esir ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaral\u0131 Bolivya askerlerinin gereken t\u0131bb\u00ee yard\u0131m\u0131 almas\u0131 konusunda hassas davranan Guevara sonradan bu esirleri de sal\u0131vermi\u015ftir. Hatta yaralanarak ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi Quebrada del Yuro’daki son \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmadan sonra ge\u00e7ici olarak tutuldu\u011fu yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaral\u0131 Bolivya askerlerine t\u0131bb\u00ee yard\u0131m bile \u00f6nermi\u015f ama bu \u00f6nerisi sorumlu Bolivyal\u0131 subay taraf\u0131ndan geri \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Guevara’n\u0131n Bolivya’da devrim ba\u015flatma planlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 yanl\u0131\u015f anlama \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n

* Yaln\u0131zca \u00fclkenin asker\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ve e\u011fitimi ve donan\u0131m\u0131 yetersiz ordusuyla m\u00fccadele etmeyi bekliyordu. Halbuki yerini \u00f6\u011frenen ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, CIA ve di\u011fer kurumlar\u0131n ajanlar\u0131n\u0131 isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla Bolivya’ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Bolivya Ordusu, ABD \u00d6zel Harek\u00e2t Birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitilip donat\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.ABD Asker\u00ee yard\u0131m\u0131 Asker\u00ee dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, g\u00f6nderilen birlikler aras\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce kurulan ve gerillalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye yak\u0131n bir alandaki La Esperanza’da cengel sava\u015f\u0131 e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f olan se\u00e7kin Rangers taburu da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

* Guevara yerli muhaliflerden yard\u0131m alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ummu\u015ftu. Bu yard\u0131m hi\u00e7bir zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Mario Monje liderli\u011findeki Bolivya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Havana’dan \u00e7ok Sovyetlere y\u00f6nelmi\u015fti ve s\u00f6z vermelerine ra\u011fmen Guevara’ya yard\u0131m etmediler. (Parti liderlerinin isteklerine kar\u015f\u0131 gelen Rodolfo Salda\u0148a, Serapio Aquino Tudela ve Antonio Jim\u00e9nez Tardio gibi baz\u0131 Bolivya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi \u00fcyeleri Guevara’ya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da destek vermi\u015flerdir.)
* Havana ile radyo ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyordu ancak K\u00fcba’dan sa\u011flanan iki k\u0131sadalga radyo vericisi de bozuktu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gerillalar Havana ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7emiyorlard\u0131. (Bu ve bunun gibi di\u011fer konularda Castro taraf\u0131ndan Guevara’n\u0131n Bolivya’daki operasyonlar\u0131na destek sa\u011flamakla g\u00f6revlendirilen Manuel Pi\u00f1eiro’nun performans\u0131 berbat olarak nitelendirilebilir.) Olaylar\u0131n daha karma\u015f\u0131k hale gelmesinin bir sebebi de Havana’dan g\u00f6nderilen radyo mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmek ve de\u015fifre etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan teyp kay\u0131t cihaz\u0131n\u0131n bir nehri ge\u00e7erken kaybolmas\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Havana’dan gelen mesajlar\u0131n de\u015fifre edilmesi \u00e7ok zorla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunlara ek olarak Guevara’n\u0131n uzla\u015fmadan \u00e7ok ki\u015fileri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alma huyu, Kongo’da oldu\u011fu gibi Bolivya’da da yerel liderlerle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi geli\u015ftirememesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bu k\u00f6t\u00fc huy K\u00fcba’daki gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015f ama Castro’nun zaman\u0131nda araya girmesi ve rehberli\u011fiyle kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Bir muhbir Guevara’n\u0131n gerilla kamp\u0131n\u0131n yerini Bolivya \u00d6zel Harek\u00e2t Birli\u011fi’ne bildirdi. 8 Ekim’de kamp ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Guevara Sime\u00f3n Cuba Sarabia ile birlikte Quebrada del Yuro kanyonunda devriye gezerken yakaland\u0131. Ayaklar\u0131ndan yaraland\u0131ktan ve silah\u0131 bir mermiyle harap edildikten sonra teslim oldu. (Tabancas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz bir \u015fekilde \u015farj\u00f6r bulunmuyordu.)<\/p>\n

Barrientos, Guevara’n\u0131n yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez hemen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini emretmi\u015ftir.Barrientos Guevara yak\u0131n bir k\u00f6y olan La Higuera’daki k\u00f6hne bir okula g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve geceyi orada ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, ertesi g\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fleden sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Cellad\u0131, Bolivya ordusunda \u00e7avu\u015f olan ve Guevara’y\u0131 vurmas\u0131 kura sonucu saptanan Mario Ter\u00e1n’d\u0131r. Che Guevara’n\u0131n son s\u00f6zleri \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur: “Buraya beni \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye geldi\u011fini biliyorum. Vur beni korkak, yaln\u0131zca bir adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olacaks\u0131n.” Baz\u0131 kaynaklar \u00e7avu\u015f Mario Ter\u00e1n’\u0131n infaz esnas\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 heyecanlanmas\u0131 nedeniyle bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde ate\u015f edemedi\u011fini ve Che’yi sadece yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcren merminin kim taraf\u0131ndan ate\u015flendi\u011finin bilinmedi\u011fini belirtirler. \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc izlenimi vermek ve y\u00fcz\u00fcnden isabet almayarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ayaklar\u0131na defalarca ate\u015f edilmi\u015ftir. Cesedi bir helikopterin ini\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131ca ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve yak\u0131nlardaki Vallegrande’ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buradaki bir hastanede cesedi bir k\u00fcvetin i\u00e7inde bas\u0131na g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u0131rada \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflar San Ernesto de La Higuera ve El Cristo de Vallegrande (Vallegrande \u0130sas\u0131)n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Asker\u00ee bir doktor taraf\u0131ndan elleri kesildikten sonra Bolivya Ordusu subaylar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinmeyen bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, cesedinin g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0131 sorusu cevaps\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Guevara’y\u0131 Bolivya’da takip etmekten sorumlu olan, F\u00e9lix Rodr\u00edguez ad\u0131ndaki CIA ajan\u0131yd\u0131. Bu ajan daha \u00f6nce Escambray Da\u011flar\u0131’ndaki isyanc\u0131larla ve Havana’daki Castro kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 gizli gruplarla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in Domuzlar K\u00f6rfezi istilas\u0131 \u00f6ncesi gizlice K\u00fcba’ya s\u0131zm\u0131\u015f, istiladan sonra da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Guevara’n\u0131n yakalan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 duyan Rodr\u00edguez, de\u011fi\u015fik G\u00fcney Amerika \u00fclkelerindeki CIA istasyonlar\u0131 yoluyla Langley, Virjinya’daki CIA merkezine bu bilgiyi iletmi\u015ftir. Rodr\u00edguez Guevara’n\u0131n Rolex saati ve ba\u015fka baz\u0131 ki\u015fisel e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve sonraki y\u0131llarda bunlar\u0131 r\u00f6portaj yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazetecilere gururla g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130\u00e7lerinde el feneri de bulunan bu e\u015fyalardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 CIA’de sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Gerillalar ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir ba\u015fka olay da R\u00e9gis Debray’nin tutuklanmas\u0131 ve duru\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Nisan 1967’de h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7leri, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure ‘de Marksist filozof Louis Althusser’den ders alm\u0131\u015f olan ve Havana \u00dcniversitesi’nde felsefe profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapan gen\u00e7 Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015f\u0131 Debray’yi yakalar ve gerillalarla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmakla su\u00e7lar. Debray muhabir olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce gizemli bir \u015fekilde ortadan kaybolan Gueavara’n\u0131n gerillalara liderlik etti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Uluslararas\u0131 ilgi kazanan Debray’nin davas\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bolivya yetkilileri 11 Ekim’de Guevara’n\u0131n iki g\u00fcn \u00f6nce h\u00fck\u00fcmet kuvvetleriyle girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma sonucu vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yolunda (yalan) a\u00e7\u0131klama yapar.<\/p>\n

15 Ekim’de Castro, Guevara’n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul eder ve t\u00fcm K\u00fcba’da \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yas ilan eder. Guevara’n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Latin Amerika’daki ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerindeki sosyalist devrimci hareketlere indirilmi\u015f a\u011f\u0131r bir darbe olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda Guevara’n\u0131n elleri olmayan cesedinden kalan kemikler Vallegrande yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki bir u\u00e7ak pistinin alt\u0131ndan kaz\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, DNA testiyle kimli\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015f ve K\u00fcba’ya geri getirilmi\u015ftir. 17 Ekim 1997’de cesedinden kalanlar, Bolivya’daki gerilla harek\u00e2t\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6len yolda\u015flar\u0131ndan alt\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte, 39 y\u0131l \u00f6nce K\u00fcba Devrimi’nin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen sava\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Santa Clara’da \u00f6zel olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f an\u0131tmezara asker\u00ee t\u00f6renle g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Guevara yakaland\u0131ktan sonra Bolivya’daki gerilla harek\u00e2t\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti. G\u00fcnl\u00fck, onun \u00d1ancahuaz\u00fa’daki \u00e7iftli\u011fe geli\u015finden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra, 7 Kas\u0131m 1966’da ba\u015fl\u0131yor, yakalanmas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, 7 Ekim 1967’de sonlan\u0131yordu. G\u00fcnl\u00fckte, Bolivya Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan yerleri \u00e7ok erken tespit edilen gerillalar\u0131n operasyona nas\u0131l haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z ba\u015flamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Guevara’n\u0131n daha sonra birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kaybedecek olan birli\u011fini ikiye b\u00f6lme karar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 ve genel olarak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Guevara ile Bolivya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Guevara’n\u0131n bekledi\u011finden daha az askerle kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da g\u00fcnl\u00fckte kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Guevara’n\u0131n yerli halktan asker bulamamas\u0131n\u0131n sebebinin, gerilla grubunun y\u00f6rede konu\u015fulan Tupi-Guaran\u00ed dili yerine Quechua’y\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Harek\u00e2t beklenmedik sona do\u011fru giderken Guevara’n\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r. Ast\u0131m krizleri giderek daha zor ge\u00e7mektedir ve son sald\u0131r\u0131lar ila\u00e7 bulabilmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bolivya G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabaca \u00e7evrilerek Ramparts dergisi taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131l\u0131p h\u0131zla d\u00fcnyaya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fka d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck daha bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunlar Israel Reyes Zayas (takma ad\u0131 “Braulio”), Harry Villegas Tamayo (“Pombo”), Eliseo Reyes Rodriguez (“Rolando”)’ya [60] ve Dariel Alarc\u00f3n Ram\u00edrez (“Benigno”)’ya [61] aittir. Bu g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerin herbirinde, konu olan olaylar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6nleri dile getirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

2005 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0 Alman haftal\u0131k haber dergisi Der Spiegel, Gandhi ve Guevara’n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olarak niteledi\u011fi Avrupa’n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l devrimcileri \u00fczerine bir yaz\u0131 yay\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

Guevara’n\u0131n cesedinin resimleri dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ekler tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken Che efsanesi de yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde Che’nin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini protesto eden g\u00f6steri y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine makaleler, \u00f6vg\u00fcler, \u015fark\u0131lar ve \u015fiirler yaz\u0131ld\u0131. ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Latin Amerika uzmanlar\u0131, \u201cgelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en \u00e7ekici ve en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 devrimcinin\u201d \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6neminin hemen fark\u0131na vararak Guevara\u2019n\u0131n kom\u00fcnistler ve di\u011fer sol e\u011filimliler taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckahramanca \u00f6len \u00f6rnek devrimci\u201d olarak idolle\u015ftirilece\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n

Bu tahminlerin inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 1968 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131ndaki \u00f6\u011frenci hareketlerinde Guevara\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 ve devrim sembol\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte giderek artt\u0131. Sol kanattan eylemciler Guevara\u2019n\u0131n \u015fan, \u015feref ve \u00f6d\u00fcllere kar\u015f\u0131 olan belirgin kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler ve Guevara\u2019n\u0131n sosyalist idealleri a\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u015fiddetin gerekli oldu\u011fu fikrinde anla\u015ft\u0131lar. ‘Che ya\u015f\u0131yor!’ slogan\u0131 bat\u0131 blo\u011funda duvarlarda g\u00f6z\u00fckmeye ba\u015flarken\u00a0 1968 hareketlerinin \u00f6ndegelen simalar\u0131ndan Jean-Paul Sartre’\u0131n, Guevara\u2019y\u0131 “\u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en m\u00fctek\u00e2mil insan\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 da Guevara\u2019n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede \u00f6v\u00fclmesini desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Guevara\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 belirgin bir \u015fekilde partizan tav\u0131rlarla geni\u015fledi. ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na verilen raporlarda kendi \u00fclkelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131lardan korkan sol kanattan olmayan Latin Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n Guevara\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sayesinde rahat bir nefes ald\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Daha detayl\u0131 analizlerde Guevara\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerinin ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutulmu\u015f ve Fidel Castro\u2019nun belirtti\u011fi, Guevara\u2019n\u0131n \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede sald\u0131rgan olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Guevara\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sorunlu yanlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran yaz\u0131larda K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n devrim sonras\u0131 ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc, \u00e7e\u015fitli gerilla harek\u00e2tlar\u0131nda yakalanan kar\u015f\u0131 birlik esirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sempatik olmayan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan kendisinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini s\u0131k s\u0131k a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamas\u0131 anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar Gueavara\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler sa\u011f kanattan gelse de sol kanattan da kimi ele\u015ftiriler gelmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle anar\u015fistler ve sivil hak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcleri Guevara\u2019y\u0131 otoriter, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir Stalinci olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcrokratik ve otoriter bir rejim oldu\u011funu belirtiyordu. Ayr\u0131ca Latin Amerika\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve Che\u2019den ilham al\u0131narak ba\u015flayan devrimlerin pratik sonucunun, zalim militarizmin uzun y\u0131llar boyunca s\u00fcrmesi oldu\u011fu teorileri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Guevara\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc K\u00fcba\u2019da d\u0131\u015f politika arac\u0131 olarak gerilla sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131 ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile bir yak\u0131nla\u015fma sa\u011flad\u0131, b\u00f6ylece Sovyet \u00e7izgisinde bir yeniden yap\u0131lanma ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00fcba birlikleri 1970\u2019lerde Afrika\u2019ya tekrar daha geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir askeri harek\u00e2t\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fc ancak Latin Amerika ve Karayipler\u2019deki ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 hareketlerine a\u00e7\u0131k destek yerine lojistik ve organizasyonel destek sa\u011fland\u0131. K\u00fcba ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkenin COMECON sistemine entegre olmas\u0131ndan sonra uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan, Guevara\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve h\u0131zl\u0131 end\u00fcstrile\u015fme planlar\u0131ndan da vazge\u00e7ti. 1965\u2019lerde bile Yugoslav kom\u00fcnist gazete Borba, K\u00fcba\u2019da bulunan bir\u00e7ok bo\u015f ve in\u015faat\u0131 yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f fabrikaya dikkati \u00e7ekerek Guevara\u2019n\u0131n Sanayi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemin miras\u0131n\u0131n “kendini be\u011fenmi\u015flik ve ger\u00e7eklik aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc an\u0131lar\u0131 olarak ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r..<\/p>\n

K\u00fcba devleti Guevara\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayakta tutmak i\u00e7in \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z heykel ve sanat eseri yapt\u0131rd\u0131, okullar\u0131, i\u015fyerlerini, kamu binalar\u0131n\u0131, ilan panolar\u0131n\u0131 ve paralar\u0131 Guevara\u2019n\u0131n resimleriyle donatt\u0131. \u00dclkedeki t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklar her okul g\u00fcn\u00fcne “\u00a1Pioneros por el Comunismo, Seremos como el Che!” (\u00c7evirisi: Kom\u00fcnizm i\u00e7in \u00f6nc\u00fcler, Hepimiz Che gibi olaca\u011f\u0131z!) and\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Guevara’n\u0131n Santa Clara\u2019daki an\u0131tmezar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcbal\u0131 i\u00e7in dinsel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda da Guevara\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 alanda ilgiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 da \u00fclkenin geli\u015fen turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck yarar sa\u011flad\u0131. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda an\u0131tmezar 127.597\u2019si yabanc\u0131 205.832 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edildi.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcbal\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn Guevara\u2019dan hi\u00e7 de iyi olmayan bi\u00e7imlerde s\u00f6zetmektedir ve Che baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan “La Caba\u00f1a Kasab\u0131” olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131mlama, Carlos Santana’n\u0131n 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Oscar \u00f6d\u00fcl t\u00f6reninde bir Che ti\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc giymesinden sonra K\u00fcba do\u011fumlu m\u00fczisyen Paquito D’Rivera\u2019n\u0131n Santana’y\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k mektupta da tekrarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benzer duygular K\u00fcba as\u0131ll\u0131 ABD\u2019li akt\u00f6r ve y\u00f6netmen Andy Garcia taraf\u0131ndan da payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Garcia 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Che y\u0131llard\u0131r kahraman gibi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ancak \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde karanl\u0131k bir yan da vard\u0131r. Bir rock y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ama bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131 yarg\u0131s\u0131z ve savunmas\u0131z bir \u015fekilde infaz etmi\u015ftir. ” Garcia\u2019n\u0131n 2005 yap\u0131m\u0131 filmi “The Lost City” K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nin kalbinde ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir zalimlik yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir ve filmin baz\u0131 Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. Guevara rol\u00fcndeki akt\u00f6r Jsu Garcia bir\u00e7ok kez, yerde yaral\u0131 yatan Batista askerlerini vururken g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tart\u0131\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen Guevara\u2019n\u0131n pop\u00fcler bir sembol olmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bu sembol\u00fcn yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda yorumcular global bir “Che k\u00fclt\u00fc” \u2018nden s\u00f6zeder olmu\u015ftur. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 Alberto Korda\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen bir foto\u011fraf\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00e7ok tan\u0131nan resimleri aras\u0131na girmi\u015f, monokrom grafik haline getirilen bu portre ti\u015f\u00f6rtlerden posterlere, kahve kupalar\u0131ndan \u015fapkalara bir\u00e7ok hediyelik e\u015fya \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Latin Amerika\u2019da 1990\u2019larda yap\u0131lan neo-liberal reformlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u201cWashington konsens\u00fcs\u201d\u00fcne olan muhalefeti art\u0131rd\u0131\u00a0 ve Guevara\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne olan deste\u011fi tekrar g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin aras\u0131nda Panamerikanizm, b\u00f6lgedeki halk hareketlerine destek, kilit sanayilerin devletle\u015ftirilmesi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin merkez\u00eele\u015ftirilmesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Nikaragua\u2019da 16 y\u0131l sonra ideolojik temellerini Guevarizm\u2019den alan Sandinistac\u0131lar h\u00fck\u00fcmet se\u00e7imlerini tekrar kazand\u0131lar. Bu grubun destek\u00e7ileri 2006 se\u00e7im zaferini kutlarken Guevara ti\u015f\u00f6rtleri giydi. Bolivya devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Evo Morales Guevara\u2019ya bir\u00e7ok \u00f6vg\u00fcde bulunduktan sonra Che\u2019nin yerel koka yapraklar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f portresini ba\u015fkanl\u0131k b\u00fcrosuna ast\u0131. 2006\u2019da Che Guevara ti\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc giyerek halka hitap eden Venezuela devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hugo Ch\u00e1vez\u00a0 Fidel Castro ile birlikte, Guevara\u2019n\u0131n gen\u00e7li\u011fini ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi Arjantin\u2019in C\u00f3rdoba \u015fehrindeki evi ziyaret etti ve bu deneyimini \u201cger\u00e7ek bir \u015feref\u201d olarak niteledi. Bunu dinleyen binlerce insan \u201cHissediyoruz! Guevara bizimle birlikte!” diye ba\u011f\u0131rarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. Guevara\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Aleida da Chav\u00e9z ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201cYeni Latin Amerika\u201d i\u00e7in planlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 r\u00f6portaj\u0131 bir kitap h\u00e2linde yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Guevara, Kolombiya gerilla hareketi FARC\u00a0 ve Meksika Zapatista grubu i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir esin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika ve Latin Amerika d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede Guevara simgesi, ideolojik ve politik i\u00e7eri\u011fini uzun zamandan beri kaybederek global bir markaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve Guevara tak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca basit bir “ilk gen\u00e7lik devrimcilik h\u00fcly\u00e2s\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Guevara\u2019dan esinlenen protesto hareketlerine konu olan Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde ise, bir CD ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7antas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki Guevara resmi, Che\u2019nin Osama bin Ladin ve Adolf Hitler ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir muhalefet sonucunda kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcreten \u015firket Target Corporation, kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00f6z\u00fcr mesaj\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131. ABD\u2019li, Latin Amerikal\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131 yazarlar Jon Lee Anderson, R\u00e9gis Debray, Jorge Casta\u00f1eda ve di\u011ferleri Guevara\u2019n\u0131n imaj\u0131n\u0131n gizemli h\u00e2lini yokedebilmek i\u00e7in ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 de idealistik olmayan y\u00f6nlerden anlatan kitaplar ve makaleler yazd\u0131. Hatta Octavio Paz\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Marksizm\u2019in ele\u015ftirel su\u00e7lamas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren kitap Latin Amerika solunun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sahiplendi. Politika yazar\u0131 Paul Berman daha da ileri giderek “g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Che k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn ” K\u00fcba\u2019da varoldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 “muazzam sosyal m\u00fccadelenin” ve rejim kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmesine neden oldu\u011funu belirtir. 1960\u2019larda K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019ni destekleyen yazar Christopher Hitchens, Guevara\u2019n\u0131n miras\u0131n\u0131: “Che’nin ikon stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yenilgi ve tecrit i\u00e7erir ve bu nedenle de \u00e7ok \u00e7ekicidir. Ya\u015fasayd\u0131, Che miti \u00e7ok uzun zaman \u00f6nce \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131.” diyerek \u00f6zetlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Vikipedi’den derlenmi\u015ftir…<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ernesto Guevara, \u0130spanyol ve \u0130rlanda as\u0131ll\u0131 bir ailenin be\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011funun en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak Arjantin\u2019in Rosario \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Annesinin ve babas\u0131n\u0131n soyu Basklara dayan\u0131r. Bask Do\u011fum belgesinde do\u011fum tarihi olarak 14 Haziran 1928 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k baz\u0131 kaynaklarda, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 14 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fdu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Guevara’n\u0131n atalar\u0131ndan Patrick Lynch 1715 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130rlanda\u2019da Galway\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015f, \u0130rlanda\u2019y\u0131 terkedip […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4714","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel-tarih"},"yoast_head":"\nGer\u00e7ek\u00e7i olun,imkans\u0131z\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin | \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 44. y\u0131l\u0131nda Che Guevara - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/10\/09\/gercekci-olunimkansizi-gerceklestirin-olumsuzlugunun-44-yilinda-che-guevara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olun,imkans\u0131z\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin | \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 44. y\u0131l\u0131nda Che Guevara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ernesto Guevara, \u0130spanyol ve \u0130rlanda as\u0131ll\u0131 bir ailenin be\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011funun en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak Arjantin\u2019in Rosario \u015fehrinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. 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