{"id":4729,"date":"2010-10-18T10:33:27","date_gmt":"2010-10-18T07:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/10\/18\/curuyen-kapitalizmin-kara-utopyalari-utku-kizilok\/"},"modified":"2010-10-18T10:33:27","modified_gmt":"2010-10-18T07:33:27","slug":"curuyen-kapitalizmin-kara-utopyalari-utku-kizilok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/10\/18\/curuyen-kapitalizmin-kara-utopyalari-utku-kizilok\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcyen Kapitalizmin Kara \u00dctopyalar\u0131 | Utku K\u0131z\u0131lok"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rivayet o ki, g\u00fcne\u015fte patlamalar meydana gelecek ve bu patlamalar d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki ya\u015fam\u0131 yok edecek. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n alt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne gelecek, yerin derinliklerden s\u0131cak lavlar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131racak ve denizler ar\u015f-\u0131 \u00e2l\u00e2ya kalkacak ve yer \u00fczerinde ne varsa eriyecek. \u0130nsanlar, hayvanlar ve kentler s\u0131cak lavlar taraf\u0131ndan ve ayr\u0131ca deniz taraf\u0131ndan yutulacak ve medeniyet tarumar olacak ve d\u00fcnya buza kesecek. Ve vakit daral\u0131yordu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n efendileri topland\u0131lar: Bir hal \u00e7aresi dediler, nas\u0131l yapmal\u0131 ve nas\u0131l kurtulmal\u0131 tufandan? Karar k\u0131ld\u0131lar ve Nuh\u2019unki gibi gemiler yapal\u0131m dediler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ak\u0131n ak\u0131n geldiler ve Himalaya da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 oydular ve b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck gemiler yapt\u0131lar. Ve tufan ba\u015flad\u0131: Yer yar\u0131ld\u0131, toprak \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 lavlar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rd\u0131 ve yang\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve denizler y\u00fckseldi ve insanlar ve canl\u0131lar ve medeniyet yok oldu. Yaln\u0131zca ve yaln\u0131zca bir avu\u00e7 kapitalist ve bir avu\u00e7 kapitalist ideolog ve emperyalist devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve tekmil kar\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kurtuldu. Gemilerine bindiler ve sular y\u00fckseldi ve yol ald\u0131lar ve ku\u015f u\u00e7urtmaya gerek kalmad\u0131, uydudan tespit edildi ve Afrika\u2019dan sular\u0131n \u00e7ekildi\u011fi mu\u015ftuland\u0131. Ma\u011frur bir \u015fekilde medeniyeti, yani kapitalizmi Afrika\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye gittiler ve kapitalizm baki k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131!<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en haftalarda g\u00f6sterime giren ve y\u00fcz milyonlarca dolarl\u0131k bir h\u00e2s\u0131lata ula\u015fan 2012 filminin i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00f6zetle b\u00f6yle. Film, insanlar\u0131n kafas\u0131na tam anlam\u0131yla bir modern d\u00f6nem tufan\u0131 kaz\u0131may\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r: \u0130nsanlar korkutulmak, \u201cnas\u0131l olsa her \u015fey bo\u015f\u201d duygusuna s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmek, toplumsal hayatta ya\u015fananlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda pasifli\u011fe ve kadercili\u011fe itilmek istenmektedir. Filmin, Maya takvimi etraf\u0131nda kopart\u0131lan k\u0131yamet ve tufan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde kendisine dayanak noktas\u0131 yapmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece mistik bir temel \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmesi, zaten k\u00f6p\u00fcrt\u00fclen mistisizmin etkisinde olan kitlelerin korkular\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, on milyonlarca insan k\u0131yametin kopup kopmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00fczere internete h\u00fccum ederken, gazeteler ve televizyonlar da k\u0131yamet senaryolar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n sonunu g\u00f6rmektense intihar edece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyenler \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015f durumda. ABD Uzay Ajans\u0131 NASA ise, tufan sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlamak amac\u0131yla \u00f6zel bir web sayfas\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f bulunuyor. Yani tam bir ak\u0131l tutulmas\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor, bilim ve teknolojinin bunca geli\u015fti\u011fi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda burjuvazi kitleleri bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar\u0131n ve mistisizmin batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Film, bir taraftan Maya takvimine, \u00f6te taraftan ise Nuh Tufan\u0131na g\u00f6nderme yapmakta ve bildi\u011fimiz o eski dinsel-mitolojik i\u00e7erik \u00fczerine oturmaktad\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fik olan ise, burjuva modern tufan mitinin bi\u00e7imsel y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Verili teknoloji son raddesine kadar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ger\u00e7ekten de m\u00fcthi\u015f sahneler yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burjuvazinin hayal\u00ee tufan\u0131, hen\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumun ilk evreleri d\u00f6neminde ideolojik bir s\u00f6ylenceye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen Nuh Tufan\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imsel \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7ok \u00e7ok a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Nuh Tufan\u0131, nehir yataklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye ve batakl\u0131klar\u0131 kurutarak tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli hale getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir toplumun betimlemesidir: G\u00fcnlerce ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmakta, sular y\u00fckselmekte ve f\u0131rt\u0131nalar kopmaktad\u0131r. Burjuvazinin tufan betimlemesi ise, uzay\u0131n derinliklerine dalan bir toplumun hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmektedir: G\u00fcne\u015fte patlamalar meydana gelmekte, birdenbire \u015fiddetli depremler sonucunda yer kabu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6kmekte, devasa kentleri ve da\u011flar\u0131 yutmakta, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finden lavlar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rmakta, deniz sular\u0131 Everest\u2019i bile a\u015facak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fckselmekte, ya\u011fmur, \u015fim\u015fek ve kar e\u015fli\u011finde k\u0131talar yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir. B\u00f6ylesi bir k\u0131yamette bir avu\u00e7 kapitalist, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f hayvan t\u00fcrlerini ve medeniyetin simgesi sanat eserlerini de yanlar\u0131na alarak gemilere biniyor ve Afrika\u2019ya do\u011fru yol al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Filmde kitlelerin bilin\u00e7alt\u0131na \u00fcflenen esas mesaj, k\u0131yametten kurtulu\u015fun bile belki m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu, ama kapitalizmden kurtulu\u015fun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r! Nuh Tufan\u0131yla kurulan \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmeyle bu ideolojik mesaj g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Allah nas\u0131l ki, Nuh ve onun peygamberli\u011fini kabul ederek gemiye binenleri kurtar\u0131yorsa, 2012\u2019de de gemiye binen kapitalistleri ve onlar\u0131n dolay\u0131m\u0131yla kapitalizmi kurtar\u0131yor ve \u00fcstelik Afrika\u2019y\u0131 kurtararak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkilerini devam ettirmeleri i\u00e7in onlara yer tahsis ediyor. B\u00f6ylece s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum d\u00fczeninde bug\u00fcne de\u011fin t\u00fcm egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n o a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6ylemi tekrarlan\u0131yor: Kaderinize boyun e\u011fin, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye kalkmay\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fczeni bu! Mistik bir i\u00e7erik ve muazzam g\u00f6rsel efektler \u00fczerine oturtulan filmin amac\u0131 (filmin bi\u00e7imsel yan\u0131 bu noktada \u00f6nemli hale geliyor), zaten mukadderat\u0131n dizginlerini k\u0131ramayan kitleleri alabildi\u011fine korkutmak ve pasifle\u015ftirmektir. Korkutarak, pasifle\u015ftirerek ve b\u00f6ylece olas\u0131 birliktelikleri da\u011f\u0131tarak egemen olmak! Bu, s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum d\u00fczenin en kadim y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n

Nitekim Nuh Tufan\u0131 da, bir do\u011fa olay\u0131n\u0131n ters y\u00fcz edilerek, h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitleler \u00fczerindeki egemenli\u011fini peki\u015ftirecek bir korku ideolojisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. Yani tufan benzeri mitler, yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7en ve s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnen tar\u0131m toplumundaki ili\u015fkilerin ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n, s\u00f6m\u00fcren s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n h\u00e2kim g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak y\u00fckselmesinin do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 i\u00e7ine oturtulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Nuh Tufan\u0131n\u0131n atas\u0131 olan s\u00f6ylencenin, s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnen tar\u0131m toplumunun kent d\u00fczeyinde devleti yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00fcmer\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. S\u00fcmer s\u00f6ylencesine g\u00f6re insanlar \u00f6yle \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, Tanr\u0131lar onlar\u0131n g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve \u015famatas\u0131ndan uyuyamaz olmu\u015flard\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilen meclis topland\u0131 ve bu insanlar\u0131 yok etmek amac\u0131yla bir tufan yaratmaya karar verdi. Tufan alt\u0131 g\u00fcn alt\u0131 gece s\u00fcrer, yedinci g\u00fcn\u00fcnde durulur ve Utnapi\u015ftim (S\u00fcmer\u2019in Nuh\u2019u) \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde gemiye binenler merhamete gelen Tanr\u0131lara kendilerini affettirmek i\u00e7in kurbanlar keserler ve gemiden u\u00e7urulan ku\u015flar\u0131n buldu\u011fu kara par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fczerinde Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmeyecek yeni bir ya\u015fam kurarlar. \u00c7ok a\u00e7\u0131k ki s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitlelerin boyun e\u011fmesini ve \u201c\u015famata\u201d yapmayarak sessizce kaderlerine raz\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 istemektedirler. Tufan sonras\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131lara kurban kesme rit\u00fceli, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc egemenlere boyun e\u011fmelerini temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer\u2019den Babil\u2019e, oradan Tevrat\u2019a, \u0130ncil\u2019e ve Kuran\u2019a ge\u00e7erek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelen Nuh Tufan\u0131 s\u00f6ylencesi, her d\u00f6nemde verili egemen g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kitleleri korkutmak ve sindirmek amac\u0131yla kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ideolojik bir silah i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde derin bir ideolojik kriz ya\u015fayan burjuvazi, do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131 inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lmak, mistisizmi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve kitlelerde gelecek beklentisini y\u0131kmak amac\u0131yla tufan s\u00f6ylemine sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Elif \u00c7a\u011fl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi, \u201cS\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n tarihinde hep g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, toplumsal yozla\u015fma ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme ko\u015fullar\u0131, do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerden medet umma ve mistik fikirlere sar\u0131lma \u015feklinde seyreden k\u00f6r inan\u00e7lar\u0131 beslemektedir. Bilimsel ilerleme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kat edilen mesafelere ra\u011fmen kapitalist d\u00fczen de bu kural\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rakt\u0131k, yeni milenyuma giri\u015f diye onca rekl\u00e2m\u0131 yap\u0131lan 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l da beraberinde kapitalizmin derinle\u015fen \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesini ve toplumu uyutmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulan eski hurafeleri getirdi.\u201d (Diyalektik Materyalizm \u00dczerine, MT, no 23)<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin tarihsel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece ekonomik krizlerle ve emperyalist sava\u015flarla kendini d\u0131\u015fa vurmuyor; toplumu her alanda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak de\u011ferlerini yok ediyor. Kapitalizmin s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi kriz, sava\u015f ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi normalle\u015ftirmek ve adeta tufanlarla varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir d\u00fczeni kitlelere kabul ettirmek amac\u0131yla burjuvazi t\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 seferber etmi\u015ftir. Bu noktada sinema sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcz milyon dolarl\u0131k devasa b\u00fct\u00e7eli filmlerin ana konusunu tufanlar, depremler, kas\u0131rgalar, uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n veya do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 fethetmesi, mumyalar\u0131n uyanmas\u0131, kutsal kitaplardaki kehanetlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, makinelerin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi, s\u00f6z\u00fcmona \u00fcst\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n toplumu k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerden kurtarmas\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Yani s\u00fcrekli olarak y\u0131k\u0131m, yok olu\u015f, gelecek diye bir \u015feyin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, olup bitenlerin mukadderat oldu\u011fu, do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ve mistisizm pompalanmaktad\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, yolun sonuna gelmi\u015f bir sistemin ayakta kalmak amac\u0131yla tam bir \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sergilemesine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmekteyiz. Bu kapitalist \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zellikle insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumsal kurtulu\u015fu hedefine sald\u0131rmakta, durmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi tufan ve fel\u00e2ket \u00fctopyalar\u0131yla (anti-\u00fctopya) sosyalizm beklentisini bo\u011fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 2012 filmi, bu kapsamda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sald\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece emperyalist \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan anti-\u00fctopya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde doru\u011funa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\u00dctopyadan kara \u00fctopyaya<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzun y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli bir evresinde toplumun s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkisinin egemen olmas\u0131 hep diren\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin durmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcp gelen m\u00fccadelelerle toplumsal payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7irilen s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fczenler ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz bir toplum kurma hayali, umudu ve \u00f6zlemi, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda bir me\u015fale gibi yanmaya devam etmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de s\u00f6nmemi\u015ftir. 1300\u2019lerde \u0130ngiltere\u2019de yaz\u0131lan ve \u015fairi bilinmeyen \u015fu \u015fiir (The Land of Cokayne), her d\u00f6nemin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitlelerinin \u00f6zlemini olduk\u00e7a \u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde dile getirmektedir: \u201cNe kavga var, ne sava\u015f; sonsuz bir ya\u015fam ald\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn yerini\/ Kad\u0131nlar da erkekler de \u00f6fkeli de\u011fil art\u0131k\/ Yiyecek de bol, giyecek de\/ \u0130ster gen\u00e7, ister ya\u015fl\u0131; ister g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, ister g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz; ister g\u00f6z\u00fcpek, ister boynu b\u00fck\u00fck olsun; her \u015fey ortakla\u015fa payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor herkes aras\u0131nda.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz, mutlu ve e\u015fit bir toplum kurma hayali ve \u00f6zlemi kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesiyle ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131yla maddi bir temele kavu\u015fmu\u015f, olanakl\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir. Maddi temeldeki bu de\u011fi\u015fimle birlikte s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz bir toplum tasavvuru da \u00e7ok daha ayaklar\u0131 yere basan ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir \u015fekil alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz bir toplum tasvirini ilk olarak Thomas More, 1516\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Utopia adl\u0131 eserinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak yapt\u0131. More, kapitalizmin geli\u015fti\u011fi, bilimin, felsefenin ve sanat\u0131n dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alayarak ondan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 R\u00f6nesans uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve h\u00fcmanizm taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015fti. Ger\u00e7ekten de o d\u00f6nemde her alanda muazzam bir at\u0131l\u0131m s\u00f6z konusuydu. Feodal ve H\u0131ristiyan dinsel-siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00fczeri \u00f6rt\u00fclen antik-Yunan felsefesine ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne yeniden ba\u011flan\u0131l\u0131yor ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede yeni \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimle birlikte toplumsal alanda uhrevi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yerini maddi d\u00fcnya al\u0131yordu. Kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesiyle maddi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n uhrevi d\u00fcnya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dikilmesi, maddi hayat\u0131n kurgulanabilmesini de beraberinde getiriyordu. \u0130\u015fte bu ortamda feodal gericili\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dikilen ilerici tarihsel hareketin bir temsilcisi olan More, pek \u00e7ok \u00e7eli\u015fki i\u00e7ermesine ra\u011fmen, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir toplum tasvir ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Feodal \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerini tasfiye etmek ve siyasal iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek isteyen burjuvazi, dinsel-siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda akl\u0131n egemenli\u011fini savunan felsefenin, bilimin ve sanat\u0131n bayraktarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burjuvazinin bu ilerici d\u00f6neminde bilimin, felsefenin ve sanat\u0131n temsilcisi olmas\u0131, gelecek toplum kurgusunun m\u00fcspet bir i\u00e7erikle belirlenmesini de beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Hen\u00fcz s\u00f6z konusu olan, bir y\u0131k\u0131m, yok olu\u015f ve tufan \u00fctopyas\u0131 de\u011fil; geli\u015fen, ilerleyen, akla ve bilime dayal\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir toplum \u00fctopyas\u0131d\u0131r. More\u2019un izinden giden Francis Bacon\u2019un Yeni Atlantis\u2019i, Tommaso Campanella\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f \u00dclkesi gibi \u00fctopyalar\u0131 burjuvazinin ilerici d\u00f6neminin \u00fcr\u00fcnleridirler. Ancak burjuvazinin gericile\u015fmesine paralel olarak, gelece\u011fi bar\u0131\u015f ve refah toplumu olarak kurgulayan \u00fctopyan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na anti-\u00fctopya dikilecektir. Sermayenin tekelle\u015fmeye ve mali sermaye d\u00fczeyine y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1800\u2019lerin sonunda zuhur eden anti-\u00fctopyalar, do\u011frudan bu yeni d\u00f6nemin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bu d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lan s\u00f6zde bir \u00fctopyada, b\u00fcy\u00fck tr\u00f6stleri b\u00fcnyesinde toplayan ve \u00f6z\u00fcnde devlet kapitalizmi uygulayan bir devasa devlet, t\u00fcm ekonomik ve toplumsal karga\u015falar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin emperyalizm a\u015famas\u0131 genel bir siyasal gericilik d\u00f6nemi a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sermayenin tekeller d\u00fczeyinde k\u0131ran k\u0131rana rekabete giri\u015fmesi, gangster y\u00f6ntemlerin devreye sokulmas\u0131, emperyalist sava\u015f tamtamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve silahlanma, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin keskinle\u015fmesi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda devrim korkusuna kap\u0131lan burjuvazinin devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi, siyasal ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel alanda tam bir tutucula\u015fma ve gericile\u015fme bu d\u00f6nemin karakteristik \u00f6zellikleridir. Emperyalist siyasal \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bilimi, felsefeyi ve edebiyat\u0131 do\u011frudan tesiri alt\u0131na alacak, bu alanlarda da tam bir tutucula\u015fma, k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k, dinsel ve mistik e\u011filim a\u011f\u0131r basmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131, Ekim Devriminin ilerleyememesi ve fa\u015fizmin iktidara gelmesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce alan\u0131nda karamsarl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar ve entelekt\u00fcellerin d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Burjuva yazarlar gelece\u011fi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kapkaranl\u0131k bir \u015fekilde tasvir etmeye ba\u015flarlar. Onlara g\u00f6re insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu hal ve vaziyet k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr ve b\u00f6yle giderse gelecekte daha da beter olacakt\u0131r. Bu k\u00f6t\u00fcmserlerden Aldous Huxley\u2019in 1932\u2019de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yeni D\u00fcnya adl\u0131 anti-\u00fctopyas\u0131nda, uluslar\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek merkezden, totaliter bir rejimle y\u00f6netildi\u011fi; \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca t\u00fcketmenin kutsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, teknik ilerlemenin hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131na girdi\u011fi ve toplumun g\u00f6zetlendi\u011fi, bebeklerin t\u00fcplerde ve ekonominin ihtiyac\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00fcretildi\u011fi, bu \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ak\u0131ll\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ve hatta bir t\u00fcr makine gibi hareket etmesine \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi bir toplum betimlenir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra anti-\u00fctopya, bilim-kurguyu da i\u00e7ine alarak nitelik ve nicelik de\u011fi\u015fimine u\u011frar, i\u00e7eri\u011fi geni\u015fler, sinema ve televizyon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleleri etkileyen ve bilin\u00e7lerini buland\u0131ran etkili bir ideolojik silaha d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Art\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olan k\u00f6t\u00fcmser burjuva d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin edebiyat alan\u0131na yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011fildir, edebiyat ve sanat, \u00fcretilen anti-\u00fctopyalar\u0131 geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131ran sinema ve televizyonun arkas\u0131na ko\u015fulur. Sineman\u0131n, televizyonun ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da edebiyat\u0131n konusu art\u0131k gezegenler ve galaksiler aras\u0131 sava\u015f, uzayl\u0131lar\u0131n medeniyeti ele ge\u00e7irerek yok etmek istemesi, peyda olan yarat\u0131klar, insanlar eliyle yarat\u0131lan robotlar\u0131n insana kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131; k\u0131sacas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m, \u00f6l\u00fcm, kan ve k\u0131yamettir. Sanat\u0131n, bilim ve teknolojinin, muazzam \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere varan sermayenin ve insan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bu t\u00fcr fel\u00e2ket ve tufan \u00fctopyalar\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine ko\u015fulmas\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 nedir? So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla yap\u0131m\u0131na h\u0131z verilen bu t\u00fcr fel\u00e2ket filmlerinin, alegoriye ba\u015fvurmas\u0131, yani d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yok etmek isteyen \u201cuzayl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u201d dolay\u0131m\u0131yla, \u201cd\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fman\u201d olarak g\u00f6sterilen SSCB\u2019yi i\u015faret etmesi bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir. Bu k\u0131yamet \u00fctopyalar\u0131yla halk kitleleri s\u00fcrekli korkutulmu\u015f, sindirilmi\u015f, emperyalist sald\u0131rganl\u0131k ve kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeni me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bilinci \u015foke edici ya da b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle kontrol alt\u0131nda tutularak, s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz bir d\u00fcnya kurman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu hayal etmeleri ve kapitalizmden \u00f6tesinin var olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6rmeleri engellenmi\u015ftir.
Sava\u015f ve \u015fiddetin kan\u0131ksat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n

1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda SSCB tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, emperyalist hegemonya m\u00fccadelesi k\u0131z\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ABD \u201cYeni D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni\u201dni kurmak amac\u0131yla harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan sava\u015f filmlerinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc emperyalist sava\u015f s\u00fcreciyle paralel hale getirilmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. B\u00f6ylece sava\u015f\u0131n ve y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ezelden ebede insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n al\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu yalan\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak, emperyalist sava\u015f s\u00fcreci kitlelerin bilincine me\u015fru ve ola\u011fan bir \u015feymi\u015f gibi kaz\u0131nmak istenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Burjuvazi hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle ku\u015fatarak, sava\u015f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ve k\u0131yameti normalle\u015ftirerek insan\u0131 insan yapan unsurlara sald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n bilincine sald\u0131rarak onu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek, insan\u0131n toplumsal ili\u015fkisinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan de\u011ferleri yok etmek istemektedir. Sava\u015f\u0131, katliam\u0131 ve k\u0131yameti kan\u0131ksam\u0131\u015f, adeta barbarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir toplumda vicdan, ac\u0131ma duygusu gibi insani de\u011ferler do\u011fal olarak k\u00f6relir.<\/p>\n

Burjuvazinin bu beyin y\u0131kama operasyonu en \u00e7ok da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 etkilemektedir. Daha do\u011far do\u011fmaz televizyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u015fiddetin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bi\u00e7imi bilin\u00e7altlar\u0131na kaz\u0131nan \u00e7ocuklar, ilerleyen y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde, hen\u00fcz ne olup bitti\u011fini anlamadan ve insan\u0131 insan yapan de\u011ferleri \u00f6\u011frenip i\u00e7selle\u015ftiremeden bilgisayar ortam\u0131nda sava\u015f \u015fiddetinin sarmal\u0131na \u00e7ekilmekteler. Bir taraftan bilgisayar oyunlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden muazzam bir \u015fiddete ve vah\u015fete bo\u011fulan, \u00f6te taraftansa ger\u00e7ek ya\u015famlar\u0131ndaki oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 da oyuncak silahlarla oynayan \u00e7ocuklarda nas\u0131l bir bilin\u00e7 geli\u015febilir? Daha \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin anlam\u0131n\u0131 bilmeden bunlar\u0131 bilincinde normalle\u015ftiren \u00e7ocuklarda ac\u0131ma duygusu ve vicdan nas\u0131l olu\u015facakt\u0131r? \u0130nsan\u0131 insan yapan bu de\u011ferler genetik yolla aktar\u0131lmaz. Bunlar\u0131 yeni ku\u015faklara aktaracak olan sava\u015f\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 kan\u0131ksamam\u0131\u015f bir toplumdur, ama burjuvazi buna izin vermemekte ve b\u00f6ylece insan\u0131n toplumsal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dinamitlemektedir.<\/p>\n

Burjuvazinin ideolojik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sermayenin doymayan k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131 (2012 filminin h\u00e2s\u0131lat\u0131n\u0131n 1 milyar dolara yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa ne denmek istendi\u011fi daha iyi kavranacakt\u0131r) toplumu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor, insan\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k toplumsal m\u00fccadelesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan de\u011ferleri tersine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Yani burjuvazinin karanl\u0131k \u00fctopyalarda \u00e7izdi\u011fi tufan manzaras\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir; tersine, e\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeni ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 edilemezse kapitalizmin dinamikleri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tam bir y\u0131k\u0131ma g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir. Ancak t\u00fcm olgular\u0131 sergileyen ve olas\u0131l\u0131klara i\u015faret eden Marksizm, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde tarihsel iyimserli\u011fi de elden b\u0131rakmaz. Marksizm karamsar de\u011fildir, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir oldu\u011funu bizzat maddi hayat\u0131n kendisinin kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Marksizm, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadele ederek kapitalizmi y\u0131kabilece\u011fini, s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz bir toplumun kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fini bilimsel bir temelde kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat Marksizmin tarihsel iyimserli\u011fi bu bilimsel ger\u00e7eklikten do\u011fmaz tek ba\u015f\u0131na; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve bu \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilerletmek gerekti\u011finin bilincinde olunmas\u0131ndan da do\u011far.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131k nice badireler atlatmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ileriye do\u011fru uzun y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne devam etmi\u015ftir ve kapitalizme de pabu\u00e7 b\u0131rakmayacakt\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, devletsiz ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz bir toplum kurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130nsanl\u0131k bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc birikime sahiptir. Bu bir tasar\u0131m, maddi temeli olmayan bir \u00fctopya de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle bir toplumun kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli maddi temeli vard\u0131r ve zaten s\u00f6z konusu olan da, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyen kapitalizmin bu maddi temelle birlikte insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da y\u0131k\u0131ma g\u00f6t\u00fcrme tehlikesidir. Marx\u2019\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6zleri \u00f6nemlidir: \u201cBize g\u00f6re kom\u00fcnizm ne yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir durum ne de ger\u00e7e\u011fin kendisine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmek zorunda olaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclk\u00fcd\u00fcr. Biz, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumu ortadan kald\u0131ran ger\u00e7ek harekete kom\u00fcnizm diyoruz.\u201d Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kom\u00fcnizm bir \u00fctopya de\u011fildir; bir yandan gelece\u011fin maddi temellerini d\u00f6\u015feyen, bir yandan da ilerlemenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ayak ba\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen kapitalizmi a\u015facak olan yeni toplumun, bu toplum i\u00e7in insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelenin ta kendisidir. O halde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u015fey bellidir: \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcyen, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fini yok etmekle tehdit eden kapitalizm engelini ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve yeni toplumun \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7mak.<\/p>\n

* Ocak 2010<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rivayet o ki, g\u00fcne\u015fte patlamalar meydana gelecek ve bu patlamalar d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki ya\u015fam\u0131 yok edecek. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n alt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne gelecek, yerin derinliklerden s\u0131cak lavlar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131racak ve denizler ar\u015f-\u0131 \u00e2l\u00e2ya kalkacak ve yer \u00fczerinde ne varsa eriyecek. \u0130nsanlar, hayvanlar ve kentler s\u0131cak lavlar taraf\u0131ndan ve ayr\u0131ca deniz taraf\u0131ndan yutulacak ve medeniyet tarumar olacak ve d\u00fcnya buza kesecek. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4729","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-turkiye"},"yoast_head":"\n\u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcyen Kapitalizmin Kara \u00dctopyalar\u0131 | Utku K\u0131z\u0131lok - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/10\/18\/curuyen-kapitalizmin-kara-utopyalari-utku-kizilok\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcyen Kapitalizmin Kara \u00dctopyalar\u0131 | Utku K\u0131z\u0131lok\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rivayet o ki, g\u00fcne\u015fte patlamalar meydana gelecek ve bu patlamalar d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki ya\u015fam\u0131 yok edecek. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n alt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne gelecek, yerin derinliklerden s\u0131cak lavlar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131racak ve denizler ar\u015f-\u0131 \u00e2l\u00e2ya kalkacak ve yer \u00fczerinde ne varsa eriyecek. \u0130nsanlar, hayvanlar ve kentler s\u0131cak lavlar taraf\u0131ndan ve ayr\u0131ca deniz taraf\u0131ndan yutulacak ve medeniyet tarumar olacak ve d\u00fcnya buza kesecek. 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D\u00fcnyan\u0131n alt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne gelecek, yerin derinliklerden s\u0131cak lavlar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131racak ve denizler ar\u015f-\u0131 \u00e2l\u00e2ya kalkacak ve yer \u00fczerinde ne varsa eriyecek. \u0130nsanlar, hayvanlar ve kentler s\u0131cak lavlar taraf\u0131ndan ve ayr\u0131ca deniz taraf\u0131ndan yutulacak ve medeniyet tarumar olacak ve d\u00fcnya buza kesecek. 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