{"id":4730,"date":"2010-10-18T10:46:22","date_gmt":"2010-10-18T07:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/10\/18\/lenin-ile-surgunde-evlenenen-rus-kadin-devrimci-nadezhda-krupskaya\/"},"modified":"2010-10-18T10:46:22","modified_gmt":"2010-10-18T07:46:22","slug":"lenin-ile-surgunde-evlenenen-rus-kadin-devrimci-nadezhda-krupskaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/10\/18\/lenin-ile-surgunde-evlenenen-rus-kadin-devrimci-nadezhda-krupskaya\/","title":{"rendered":"Lenin ile s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde evlenenen Rus kad\u0131n devrimci ; Nadezhda Krupskaya"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e8\/NadezhdaKrupskaya.jpg\")
\u0130lk ve orta\u00f6\u011fretimi \u00e7e\u015fitli okullarda tamamlayan Krupskaya, daha o y\u0131llarda \u00e7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybettikten sonra annesiyle birlikte \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve son olarak \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu ve politik m\u00fccadeleye girdi. 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda St. Petersburg’da marksist bir \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7evresinde i\u015f\u00e7ileri e\u011fitirken o zamanlar Ulyanov ad\u0131yla bilinen Lenin’le tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ulyanov o s\u0131ralarda avukat olarak M. F. Wolkenstein avukatl\u0131k b\u00fcrosunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Birlikte politik toplant\u0131lar\u0131 ziyaret etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda Krupskaya “yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ajitasyon” nedeniyle iki y\u0131l hapse mahk\u00fbm edildi. Mahkumiyeti 6 ay hapis ve 3 y\u0131l s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Olduk\u00e7a k\u00f6t\u00fc iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu Ufa’ya g\u00f6nderildi. Ulyanov’un e\u015fi olarak s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u015eusenskoye’de tamamlamaya y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fvuruda bulundu. Oysa Ulyanov Sibirya’ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne gitmeden \u00f6nce Krupskaya’n\u0131n evlenme teklifini kabul etmemi\u015fti. Krupskaya’n\u0131n ba\u015fvurusu Ulyanov’la hemen evlenmesi ve Ulyanov’un s\u00fcrg\u00fcn s\u00fcresi bittikten sonra Ufa’ya d\u00f6nmesi ko\u015fuluyla kabul edildi. Bunun \u00fczerine annesi Jelisaweta Krupskaja ile birlikte Sibirya’ya giden Krupskaya, orada 1898’de kilise t\u00f6reniyle Ulyanov’la evlendi. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin verdi\u011fi g\u00fcnl\u00fck 17 kapek parayla ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flad\u0131lar ve 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Pascha Jaschenko’yu ev i\u015flerini g\u00f6rmek \u00fczere yanlar\u0131na ald\u0131lar. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn bitiminden sonra Krupskaya annesiyle birlikte art\u0131k Lenin ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanan Ulyanov’un pe\u015finden M\u00fcnih’e gitti.<\/p>\n
Lenin’le birlikte Bol\u015fevik Parti’nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Iskra’n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na kat\u0131lan Krupskaya ayn\u0131 zamanda partinin kurulu\u015funda da aktif g\u00f6revler ald\u0131. Krupsaya’n\u0131n Lenin ile ili\u015fkisi olduk\u00e7a ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Politik ya\u015fam\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a aktif olan Krupskaya, Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi’ne kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Bol\u015fevik kanad\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekim Devrimi’nin ard\u0131ndan pratik olarak yeniden e\u011fitim sorunlar\u0131yla ilgilenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve sosyalist okul sistemini geli\u015ftirdi. E\u011fitim Halk Komiserli\u011fi’ne Anatoli Lunacharsky’ye vekaleten atand\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Lenin’le birbirlerini olduk\u00e7a seyrek g\u00f6rebildiler. Krupskaya 1921’den itibaren Politik E\u011fitim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde dersler verdi.<\/p>\n
Lenin’in 1924’teki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra onun yerine Kongreye kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Kom\u00fcnist Parti’nin Lenin’e verdi\u011fi \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc ald\u0131. Josef Stalin ile politik olarak hi\u00e7bir zaman anla\u015famam\u0131\u015f olan Krupskaya, Lenin’in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan politik olarak izole edilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te politik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan uzak tutulan Krupskaya Lenin’in hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaleme alm\u0131\u015f ve onun \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131 ile ilgili en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 biyografi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Krupskaya’n\u0131n onuruna bir astroide ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir (2071 Nadezhda).<\/p>\n
Parti i\u00e7inde kod ad\u0131 bal\u0131k olan ve yeralt\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen m\u00fcrekkeple \u015fifreli mektuplar yazmak konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Krupskaya’ya Lenin’in benim k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ringa bal\u0131\u011f\u0131m diye seslendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n
Otobiyografisi’nde kendi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetler:<\/p>\n
“Bir g\u00fcn, \u00f6\u011frencilerin politik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na tesad\u00fcfen kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu olayla g\u00f6zlerimi a\u00e7t\u0131m. Kurslara gitmekten vazge\u00e7ip, Marksist eserleri okumaya ba\u015flad\u0131m. Ya\u015fam\u0131, sadece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin devrimci eyleminin de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fini kavrad\u0131m… 1917\u2019yi kapitalizmin \u00f6l\u00fcm saati olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Ayn\u0131 \u015feyi Sovyetlerin 2. Kongresin\u2019de topra\u011f\u0131n ve \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin halka verildi\u011fi zaman da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Nihai amac\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, daha ka\u00e7 ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu? Son ad\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6recek kadar ya\u015fabilecek miydim? \u00d6nemli olan bunu d\u00fc\u015flemek ve bilmek de\u011fil, tersine bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin olanakl\u0131 ve elimizde olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Onun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyebilecek hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 herkes\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kapitalizm can \u00e7eki\u015fiyordu. (…) Lenin 1894\u2019de Petersburg\u2019a geldi\u011finde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar daha bir canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fct daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hale geldi. Lenin\u2019le ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k ve hemen arkada\u015f olduk… S\u00fcrg\u00fcnde Lenin\u2019le evlendim. Ondan sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131m, onun damgas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Ona \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yapabilece\u011fim yard\u0131m\u0131n en iyisini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ma inan\u0131yorum… \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini, partinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini, d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck devrime haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131, yeni sosyalist bir sistemin do\u011fu\u015funu, tamamen yeniden kurulan bir ya\u015fam\u0131 g\u00f6rmek kaderimmi\u015f. Hi\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm, kendimin olmasa da \u015fimdi bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ocu\u011fum -Gen\u00e7 Kom\u00fcnistler Birli\u011fi \u00fcyeleri ve gen\u00e7 \u00f6nc\u00fcler- var. Hepsi Leninist olmak istiyor. Otobiyografimi yazmam\u0131 gen\u00e7 \u00f6nc\u00fcler istemi\u015fti. Otobiyografimi onlara, sevgili \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ma ad\u0131yorum.”<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130lk ve orta\u00f6\u011fretimi \u00e7e\u015fitli okullarda tamamlayan Krupskaya, daha o y\u0131llarda \u00e7arl\u0131k Rusya’s\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybettikten sonra annesiyle birlikte \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve son olarak \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 buldu ve politik m\u00fccadeleye girdi. 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda St. Petersburg’da marksist bir \u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7evresinde i\u015f\u00e7ileri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4730","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-kadin-a-dair"},"yoast_head":"\n
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