{"id":4747,"date":"2010-10-30T11:11:53","date_gmt":"2010-10-30T08:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/10\/30\/boyle-bir-dunyada-durust-olmak-budala-olmaktir-budala-fdostoyevski\/"},"modified":"2010-10-30T11:11:53","modified_gmt":"2010-10-30T08:11:53","slug":"boyle-bir-dunyada-durust-olmak-budala-olmaktir-budala-fdostoyevski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/10\/30\/boyle-bir-dunyada-durust-olmak-budala-olmaktir-budala-fdostoyevski\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fcnyada d\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak ‘budala’ olmakt\u0131r | Budala – F.Dostoyevski"},"content":{"rendered":"

O anda akl\u0131na gelen \u015feylerden biri de sara bunal\u0131mlar\u0131yd\u0131. E\u011fer sara n\u00f6beti uyan\u0131kken gelmi\u015fse, n\u00f6betin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan biraz \u00f6nce, i\u00e7ini kaplayan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n, tedirginli\u011fin, bunalt\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda zihni bir anl\u0131k silkinmelerle canlan\u0131r, i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ya\u015fama iste\u011fi belirirdi. Bir \u015fim\u015fek gibi parlay\u0131p s\u00f6nen bu k\u0131sac\u0131k s\u00fcrede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetmesi var oldu\u011funun bilincine ermesi on kat artard\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn benli\u011fi p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l ayd\u0131nlan\u0131rken heyecan\u0131, ku\u015fkular\u0131, tedirginli\u011fi yat\u0131\u015f\u0131r; i\u00e7ini sevin\u00e7 dolu bir huzur kaplard\u0131. O anda umutlarla dolup ta\u015far, i\u00e7inde her \u015feyin en do\u011frusunu yapm\u0131\u015f olman\u0131n dinginli\u011fi yer al\u0131rd\u0131. Fakat bu anlar, bu co\u015fkunluk, sara n\u00f6betinden \u00f6nceki son saniyenin (hi\u00e7 bir zaman bir saniyeden fazla s\u00fcrmezdi), sadece bir \u00f6nsezisi gibiydi. Ama dayan\u0131lmaz bir saniyeydi bu.<\/p>\n

Sonra kendine gelip de bu saniyeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6ylerdi: \u2018\u00c7evremdekilerin ve kendimin bilincine varmadaki bu netlik, ayd\u0131nl\u0131k, yani \u2018ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6klerde olu\u015fu\u2019 bir hastal\u0131ktan, normalin \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olamaz. \u00d6yleyse bu durum ya\u015fam\u0131n doru\u011fu de\u011fil, belki de u\u00e7urumun dibi say\u0131lmal\u0131.\u2019 B\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekle birlikte sonunda \u015fu \u00e7eli\u015fik sonuca var\u0131rd\u0131: \u2018Kendime geldikten sonra an\u0131msay\u0131p g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne getirebildi\u011fim o bunal\u0131m \u00f6ncesi an madem bu kadar tatl\u0131, ho\u015f; madem bu an bana daha \u00f6nceden tatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m, hatta akl\u0131ma getirmedi\u011fim doygunluk, \u00e7evreyle uyumluluk, huzur duygusu veriyor; i\u00e7imi derin bir ya\u015fama umuduyla birlikte ibadet co\u015fkunlu\u011fuyla dolduruyor; \u00f6yleyse bunun bir hastal\u0131k, anormal bir gerginlik olmas\u0131n\u0131n ne \u00f6nemi var.\u2019<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle anlatmakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekti\u011fi bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ona son derece a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Duyduklar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten \u2018g\u00fczellik ve ibadet co\u015fkunlu\u011fu\u2019, ger\u00e7ekten \u2018derin ya\u015fama umudu\u2019 oldu\u011fundan ku\u015fkusu yoktu. \u0130nsan\u0131n bilincini k\u00f6reltip buland\u0131ran, ruhunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran esrar, afyon, alkol gibi \u015feylerin al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra g\u00f6r\u00fclen ipesapa gelmez d\u00fc\u015fler de\u011fildi onunkisi. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mesinden sonra her \u015feyi akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir adam gibi bir bir an\u0131ms\u0131yordu. Bu k\u0131sac\u0131k s\u00fcrede kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamas\u0131, benli\u011fini sezmesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7evresindekileri hissetmesi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir keskinlik kazan\u0131yordu. O saniyede, yani sara n\u00f6betinin gelmesinden \u00f6nceki anda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve bilin\u00e7li olarak: \u2018Bu an i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131 veririm!\u2019 diyebildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, ger\u00e7ekten o an kendili\u011finden b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fama de\u011ferdi.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7ta bir etkile\u015fmenin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu biliyordu. B\u00f6nle\u015fme, ruhunun kararmas\u0131, aptalla\u015fma \u2018bir anl\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6klerde olu\u015fun\u2019 kendili\u011finden gelen, yads\u0131nmaz sonucuydu. Bu ger\u00e7ek tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya bile de\u011fmezdi. Elde etti\u011fi sonu\u00e7ta, yani bu an\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadayd\u0131, ama onu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan, o anki duygular\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olu\u015fuydu. \u0130nsan ger\u00e7e\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ne yapabilirdi? O anda duydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z mutlulu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn bir ya\u015fama de\u011fdi\u011fini o saniyeyi ya\u015farken kendisi s\u00f6ylememi\u015fmiydi? Moskova\u2019daki bulu\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birinde Rogojin\u2019e: \u2018O anda, Kutsal Kitap\u2019ta yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u2018art\u0131k zaman diye bir \u015fey olmayacak\u2019 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok iyi anl\u0131yorum\u2019 demi\u015fti. Sonra g\u00fcl\u00fcmseyerek, \u2018Bu an Muhammed\u2019in bir sara n\u00f6beti s\u0131ras\u0131nda devirdi\u011fi testideki suyun hepsi bo\u015falmadan yedi kat g\u00f6\u011f\u00fc gezip gelmesinin (mira\u00e7) ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r muhakkak\u2019 diye eklemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u2026<\/p>\n

Budala \u2013 Dostoyevski<\/p>\n

“Budala” \u00fczerine…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dostoyevski bu eserinde, sara hastas\u0131 bir gen\u00e7 adam\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnyada d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir insan olarak ya\u015faman\u0131n zorluklar\u0131na de\u011finmekte ve toplumun ne kadar da iki y\u00fczl\u00fc bir sistem \u00fczerine dayanarak ayakta durdu\u011funu g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir. B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fcnyada d\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak “budala” olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Roman bir Dostoyevski klasi\u011fi olarak son derece ak\u0131c\u0131 ve derindir. Gerilmeler ve bo\u015falmalarla y\u00fckl\u00fc psikolojik \u00f6gelerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir eserdir. Dostoyevski burada ideal erkek tipini \u00e7izmek istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en roman\u0131n kahraman\u0131 Prens Lev Nikolayevi\u00e7 Mi\u015fkin, saral\u0131d\u0131r. Tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130svi\u00e7re’den d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde elindeki giysi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi yoktur. Petersburg’da kendisiyle uzaktan akraba olan Lizaveta Prokovyevna’y\u0131 ve General olan e\u015fini g\u00f6rmek \u00fczere Yepan\u00e7inlere gider. Burada generalin \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131, Aglaya, Adelaida ve Aleksandra ile de tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Prens, ilgin\u00e7 ki\u015fili\u011fi ile aileyi ve Petersburg’da tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer insanlar\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n

Dostoyevski bu kitab\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra hissedilmeye ba\u015flanan, toplum hakk\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine ve ele\u015ftirilerine de yer verir. Ruslar\u0131n asl\u0131nda bir vatan anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u00fczden her \u015feye sonuna kadar inanabildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrer. Bu da ak\u0131llara Ruslar\u0131n inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa bile sonuna kadar inanabilecek garip insanlar oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 getirir. Kitap her ne kadar a\u015fk roman\u0131 olarak an\u0131lsada ayn\u0131 zamanda Rus toplumu hakk\u0131nda yerinde ele\u015ftiriler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Budala’da ayn\u0131 zamanda hemen hissedilir bir hiyarar\u015fik d\u00fczen anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rusya’y\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 gruba ay\u0131ran yazar bunlar\u0131 kaymak tabakas\u0131, bu tabakaya y\u00fckselmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve kaymak tabakadan bir\u00e7ok tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan orta tabaka ve bu iki tabakan\u0131nda hor g\u00f6r\u00fcp be\u011fenmedi\u011fi bir tabaka olan en alt tabaka olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. Romandan \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, Epan\u00e7inler’in bir nevi bak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olan Moskoval\u0131 Belonskayalar en \u00fcst tabakay\u0131, Epan\u00e7inler orta tabakay\u0131 ve Hipolit, Lebedev gibileride en alt tabakay\u0131 olu\u015fturur<\/p>\n

Hazreti \u0130sa ahlak\u0131n\u0131n parodisi olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bir ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip peygamberimsi bir kahraman olan Prens Mi\u015fkin’in ya\u015fam\u0131 kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 seyre dalmakla ge\u00e7mektedir. \u0130nsanlarla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc al\u0131\u015fveri\u015ften ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Budalal\u0131k derecesinde iyi olan Prens Mi\u015fkin, tam bir safl\u0131k ve masumiyet i\u00e7erisinde olup ayn\u0131 zamanda Dostoyevski’nin ifadesiyle hastal\u0131k derecesinde d\u00fcnya nimetlerinden ve h\u0131rslar\u0131ndan kopmu\u015f bir budalal\u0131k i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Sevmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey gelmez elinden. M\u00fcthi\u015f bir zek\u00e2 sahibidir. \u00c7evresindekiler, onu her zaman yad\u0131rgarlar, ama onsuz da edemezler. Kendisi de saral\u0131 olan Dostoyevski, roman\u0131n\u0131n kahraman\u0131na kendi ki\u015fili\u011finden pek \u00e7ok \u015fey koymu\u015ftur. Prens Mi\u015fkin’in an\u0131lar\u0131, asl\u0131nda Dostoyevski’nin an\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Prens Mi\u015fkin’in roman\u0131n\u0131n bir yerinde anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, siyasal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden dolay\u0131 kur\u015funa dizilme cezas\u0131 alan bir adam\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, asl\u0131nda Dostoyevski’nin ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir olayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en g\u00fczel a\u015fk romanlar\u0131ndan olan Budala, Dostoyevski’nin de d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck roman\u0131ndan biridir. Dostoyevski’nin en unutulmaz kad\u0131n kahraman\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Nastasya Filopovna, \u00fcnl\u00fc Rus romanc\u0131n\u0131n, Prens Mi\u015fkin’in ki\u015fili\u011finde vermek istedi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n y\u00f6neldi\u011fi ki\u015filerden biridir. Nastasya Filopovna g\u00fczelli\u011fin, ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, olgun kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, hafifme\u015frepli\u011fin simgesidir. Filopovna b\u00fct\u00fcn bu y\u00f6nlerinin bilincinde olan ve zaman zaman h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nl\u0131kla kendini d\u0131\u015fa vuran gizli bir utanc\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir karakter olarak Dostoyevski’nin di\u011fer kad\u0131n karakterlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Roman\u0131n bir di\u011fer ilgin\u00e7 kad\u0131n kahraman\u0131 Aglaya \u0130vanovna da gen\u00e7li\u011fin, duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve zek\u00e2n\u0131n sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Budala insanl\u0131k tarihinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan en g\u00fczel, en sars\u0131c\u0131, en etkileyici romanlardan biri olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O anda akl\u0131na gelen \u015feylerden biri de sara bunal\u0131mlar\u0131yd\u0131. E\u011fer sara n\u00f6beti uyan\u0131kken gelmi\u015fse, n\u00f6betin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan biraz \u00f6nce, i\u00e7ini kaplayan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n, tedirginli\u011fin, bunalt\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda zihni bir anl\u0131k silkinmelerle canlan\u0131r, i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ya\u015fama iste\u011fi belirirdi. Bir \u015fim\u015fek gibi parlay\u0131p s\u00f6nen bu k\u0131sac\u0131k s\u00fcrede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetmesi var oldu\u011funun bilincine ermesi on kat artard\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn benli\u011fi p\u0131r\u0131l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4747","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-edebiyat-dunya"},"yoast_head":"\nB\u00f6yle bir d\u00fcnyada d\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak 'budala' olmakt\u0131r | Budala - F.Dostoyevski - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/10\/30\/boyle-bir-dunyada-durust-olmak-budala-olmaktir-budala-fdostoyevski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fcnyada d\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak 'budala' olmakt\u0131r | Budala - F.Dostoyevski\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O anda akl\u0131na gelen \u015feylerden biri de sara bunal\u0131mlar\u0131yd\u0131. 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