{"id":4816,"date":"2010-12-17T13:17:14","date_gmt":"2010-12-17T10:17:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/12\/17\/uzun-bir-yuruyus-kocgiri-1-erdal-karakus\/"},"modified":"2010-12-17T13:17:14","modified_gmt":"2010-12-17T10:17:14","slug":"uzun-bir-yuruyus-kocgiri-1-erdal-karakus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/12\/17\/uzun-bir-yuruyus-kocgiri-1-erdal-karakus\/","title":{"rendered":"Uzun Bir Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f Ko\u00e7giri-1 | Erdal Karaku\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130mranl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dar bo\u011fazlar\u0131nda ve kimi zaman geni\u015fleyen d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde akar nehrimiz. Yata\u011f\u0131 boyunca ilerledik\u00e7e, renkten renge giren bu nehir; akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklarda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n h\u00fcz\u00fcnlerini, sevin\u00e7lerini, umutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015flerini de al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Anadolu\u2019yu ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa dola\u015fan nehir, Akdeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fclece\u011fim diyerek yola \u00e7\u0131kar; ancak sonunda bunu yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca kuzeye y\u00f6nelir ve Karadeniz\u2019in karanl\u0131k sular\u0131nda sonsuz yolculu\u011funda devam eder. Bir zaman\u00a0 sonra rengi gittik\u00e7e k\u0131z\u0131lla\u015fan nehir; bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini hi\u00e7 yitirmez art\u0131k. Kimi zaman sakin kimi zaman deli dolu akan nehre bakan insanlar i\u00e7lerinden neler ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir kim bilir? Belkide bir dervi\u015fin dizelerinde \u015f\u00f6yle ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir:
\u00c7A\u011eLA KIZILIRMAK!<\/p>\n

Evet. Anadolu\u2019nun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015flerinde\u00a0 ya\u015fayan bir efsane ile ba\u015flad\u0131k yaz\u0131m\u0131za. Bir k\u00f6y dergisinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcre\u00e7te daha geni\u015f kitlelere seslenebilmek amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik bizleri \u201c\u00c7a\u011fla K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda devam etme noktas\u0131na getirdi. Uzun zamand\u0131r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz projeler, yeni dergimiz alt\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7irilecektir. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z aras\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikli yere sahip olan ko\u00e7giri k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve tarihi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lacak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde yay\u0131mlanacakt\u0131r. Tarihte bir ulusun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi\u00a0 en b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket, tarihinin ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Uluslar y\u0131k\u0131mlara dayanabilir ancak tarihini yazamamas\u0131, yok olmas\u0131 ile e\u015f de\u011ferdir. S\u00f6ylenecek tek c\u00fcmle vard\u0131r. Ko\u00e7giriyi, ko\u00e7girili yazacakt\u0131r art\u0131k! Uzun bir yaz\u0131 dizisi \u015feklinde tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma her say\u0131da belirli bir inceleme ile devam edecektir. \u0130lk olarak Ko\u00e7giri\u2019nin g\u00f6\u00e7 y\u0131llar\u0131 ve ne ko\u015fullarda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc arazisine yerle\u015fti\u011fi, bu say\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ANADOLUNUN\u00a0 G\u00d6\u00c7\u00a0 HAREKETLER\u0130\u00a0 \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE\u00a0 KO\u00c7G\u0130R\u0130 <\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt tarihi ile ilgili kaynaklar incelendi\u011finde, bunlar\u0131n en eski tarih olarak M.\u00d6 VII. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda K\u00fcrtler ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 araziyi anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ba\u015fvurdu\u011fumuz en sa\u011flam kaynaklar bu b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak \u00e7izer. Kuzeyde Zap Nehri kayna\u011f\u0131 ve Van; kuzey bat\u0131da Sivas, Erzincan; bat\u0131da Kapadokya; do\u011fuda \u0130ran s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131; g\u00fcneyde ise Suriye Mezopotamya\u2019s\u0131 olmak \u00fczere genel olarak Asur b\u00f6lgesidir. Belirtti\u011fimiz t\u00fcm bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar, kesin olmay\u0131p zamanla de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bozulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrtlerin bu anavatanlar\u0131na nereden ve ne zaman geldi\u011fi ise kesin olarak bilinmeyip olas\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tahminler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak bir ger\u00e7ek vard\u0131r ki, K\u00fcrtlerin belirtilen bu b\u00f6lgede yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000-5000 y\u0131ld\u0131r ya\u015famakta olduklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan MADANA ad\u0131 verilen gruplar (Bu isim Asur kaynaklar\u0131nda ge\u00e7er) zamanla MEDYA ad\u0131 verdikleri bu b\u00f6lgede yerle\u015fir ve MED Devletini kurarlar. M.\u00d6 IX y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fanan bu g\u00f6\u00e7, k\u00fcrt tarihinin temel hareketidir. Asurlularla s\u00fcrekli sava\u015f halinde olan Med\u2019ler krallar\u0131 D\u0130YAS tutsak edilene kadar d\u00f6rt kez Asur i\u015fgaline maruz kald\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikle T\u0130GLATH PLASHER ve SALMANASAR ADLI Asur krallar\u0131, Med\u2019leri yok etmek amac\u0131yla seferler d\u00fczenlediler. Ancak M.\u00d6 669\u2019da iktidara gelen Med kral\u0131 FERAUS Asur hakimiyetine son verip sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7er. Van b\u00f6lgesine bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olan Ermeni Kavimleri f\u0131rsat bulduk\u00e7a k\u00fcrt topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar. Babil\u2019i alan K\u00fcrtler burada fazla tutunamaz ve geri \u00e7ekilirler. Bu y\u0131llar boyunca b\u00f6lgede s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri sonucunda Med devleti M.\u00d6 550\u2019de \u00e7\u00f6ker. \u00d6n Asya da hakimiyet AHEMEN\u0130 devletine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Med\u2019lerin birka\u00e7 isyan giri\u015fimi olduysa da, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019in Ahemeni devletini yok edip b\u00f6lgeyi tamam\u0131yla i\u015fgal etmesi sonucunda k\u00fcrt topraklar\u0131nda HELEN Devletinin i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r. \u0130skender\u2019in do\u011fuya olan b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler ile direkt olarak sava\u015fmam\u0131\u015f as\u0131l hedefi olan Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u00fcrtler ile \u0130skender\u2019in komutanlar\u0131ndan ANT\u0130FANOS aras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 \u015fiddetli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130skender\u2019in do\u011fuya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde yan\u0131nda getirdi\u011fi Kuzey Avrupa soylu GALATLAR zamanla b\u00f6lgede yerle\u015fmi\u015f, Mezopotamya \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn K\u00fcrtlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen sar\u0131 sa\u00e7 ve renkli g\u00f6z bu melezle\u015fmenin miras\u0131d\u0131r.Orta Do\u011fuda Hint-Ari k\u00f6kenli bir kavim olan K\u00fcrtlerin \u0131rksal \u00f6zellikleri, bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130skender\u2019in Babil\u2019de \u00f6lmesinden sonra b\u00f6lge, komutanlar\u0131ndan SELECEUS\u2019un y\u00f6netimine girdi. Tam bu zamanda Ermeniler K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyini i\u015fgale ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Romanl\u0131 Kumandan MARC ANTONYUS Ermenileri yenip, b\u00f6lgeye hakim oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu kritik d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131ndan sonra k\u00fcrt topraklar\u0131 Pers\u2019ler ve Roma\u2019l\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flara sahne oldu. Birka\u00e7 kez el de\u011fi\u015ftiren b\u00f6lge, sonunda tam anlam\u0131yla Pers\u2019lere ge\u00e7ti. 230\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Zerd\u00fc\u015ft dininin \u0130ran\u2019da kabul g\u00f6rmesiyle, K\u00fcrtlerde kitleler halinde bu dini kabul ettiler. Romal\u0131lar, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden Ermenilere siyasi destek veriyor ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 k\u00fcrt k\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131na giri\u015fiyorlard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde K\u00fcrtler de SASAN\u0130LER\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekle; f\u0131rsat bulduk\u00e7a ermeni krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ak\u0131nlar yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. 510\u2019lu y\u0131llara kadar bu b\u00f6lge say\u0131s\u0131z el de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.Do\u011fuda Romal\u0131lar\u0131n son kalesi olan Diyarbak\u0131r, \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 80.000 asker k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irildi. Roma \u0130mparatoru HERAKLES ise 639\u2019da \u0130ran H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 H\u00dcSREV PERV\u0130Z\u2019i izlerken k\u00fcrdistan\u0131 kana boyad\u0131. Bu korkun\u00e7 y\u0131llar boyunca k\u00fcrt tarihinin en ac\u0131kl\u0131 sayfalar\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f; k\u00fcrt \u0131rmaklar\u0131 kanla dolmu\u015ftur. Kendi topraklar\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 unsuru haline gelmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in sava\u015f arenas\u0131 haline gelen b\u00f6lge; bar\u0131\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 hayallerinde bile ya\u015fatamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 650-700\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda b\u00f6lge bu kez Arap-\u0130ran ve Arap-Roma sava\u015flar\u0131na sahne oldu. 740\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda k\u00fcrdistan tamam\u0131yla arap i\u015fgaline u\u011frad\u0131 ve korkun\u00e7 katliamlar bu kez Araplar eliyle geldi. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft dini, yerini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa gene bu y\u0131llarda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Emevilerin ak\u0131l almaz vah\u015fetleri, K\u00fcrtlerin bu hanedana daimi muhalefetini getirmi\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131nda K\u00fcrtler \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. EB\u00dc M\u00dcSL\u0130M HORASAN\u0130, k\u00fcrt as\u0131ll\u0131 biri olarak ABBAS\u0130 hanedan\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00fcrt katliamlar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f ancak son bulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Ve i\u015fte bu noktada Araplar\u0131n, kuzeye do\u011fru dayan\u0131lmaz ilerlemeleri sonucu K\u00fcrtler ilk kez Anadolu\u2019nun kuzeyine do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu geri \u00e7ekilme organize de\u011fildi ancak ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ve s\u0131zmalar yolu ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu. B\u00f6ylece Mu\u015f, Bitlis, Elaz\u0131\u011f ve Dersim\u2019in engebeli b\u00f6lgeleri bu ge\u00e7idin kap\u0131lar\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ko\u00e7giri a\u015firetide, bu 1000 y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 son noktalardan biridir. Ancak biz gene konumuza d\u00f6nelim.<\/p>\n

Karahan\u2019l\u0131 ve Gazne\u2019li devletleri aras\u0131nda Gazneli Mahmud\u2019u destekleyen K\u00fcrtler, orta k\u00fcrdistan da bu sayede etkili olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Araplar\u0131n ilerleyi\u015fi yava\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrk-Arap gerginli\u011fi had safhaya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u201cBEN\u0130 D\u0130AZ\u201d devleti bu ko\u015fullarda kuruldu. Tam anlam\u0131 ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir k\u00fcrt devleti de\u011fildi, ancak g\u00f6receli bir istikrar sa\u011flamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.Fakat, orta asyada bir kas\u0131rga gibi \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen her \u015feyi yok eden bir felaket ba\u015flad\u0131. Mo\u011follar g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kapatan \u00e7ekirgeler gibi do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerliyorlard\u0131. Cengiz Han\u2019a\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7in denizinden Sibirya\u2019ya Hindistan\u2019dan Hazar\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6lge yetmiyordu. Cengiz Han t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 istiyordu. Onun \u00f6n\u00fcnde dayanmak imkans\u0131zd\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkler, bat\u0131ya do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekiliyordu. En bat\u0131da olan O\u011fuzlar i\u00e7in ka\u00e7acak tek yer vard\u0131; zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f bir Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun eline bulunan Anadolu! Zira Mezopotamya, Araplar taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f idi. K\u00fcrtler bu tarihte O\u011fuzlara kar\u015f\u0131 Gaznelileri desteklediler. Birka\u00e7 zafer kazand\u0131larsa da O\u011fuzlar\u0131n ilerleyi\u015fini durdurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. Hakkari\u2019yi ya\u011fmalayan O\u011fuzlar, Diyarbak\u0131r \u00f6n\u00fcne geldiler. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da k\u0131\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra kaleyi alamadan Musul\u2019a ge\u00e7tiler ve burada ak\u0131l almaz k\u0131y\u0131mlar yapt\u0131lar. K\u00fcrt da\u011flar\u0131nda gene kan \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7maya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fcrtler ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nereye \u00e7evirse bu \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, kokluyorlard\u0131. Nihayet 1071\u2019de Alparslan, Diyojen\u2019i yenince Anadolu, Sel\u00e7uklu y\u00f6netimine girdi. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti burada kuruldu ve 200 y\u0131l kadar ya\u015fad\u0131. K\u00fcrtler, Sel\u00e7uklu-Arap sava\u015flar\u0131nda belirgin olarak Abasi ordular\u0131nda yer ald\u0131lar. Zira Selahattin Eyy\u00fcbi bir K\u00fcrt idi ve bu fakt\u00f6r b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nemli zaferler kazanmas\u0131na sebep oldu.<\/p>\n

1200\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda k\u00fcrt tarihinde ikinci \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Mo\u011follar \u00f6n\u00fcnden ka\u00e7an Harzem \u0130mparatoru MEHMET HARZEM \u015eAH, Anadolu\u2019ya girerken K\u00fcrdistan \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ti. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yerlerde ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnde ta\u015f b\u0131rakmad\u0131. Mo\u011follar\u0131n ona yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere yap\u0131yordu. Mu\u015f ve \u00e7evresinde \u00f6yle katliamlar yapt\u0131 ki o b\u00f6lgede bir tek k\u00fcrt sa\u011f kalmad\u0131. Zul\u00fcmden ka\u00e7anlar da\u011flarda a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyordu. Arazisi nispeten d\u00fcz olan Mu\u015f ve \u00e7evresi saklanmak i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildi ve b\u00f6lge K\u00fcrtleri g\u00fcneyden gelenlerle birlikte Dersim\u2019in ge\u00e7it vermez da\u011flar\u0131na do\u011fru s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar aras\u0131nda Ko\u00e7giri a\u015firetinin atalar\u0131 da vard\u0131. B\u00f6lgeye gelenlerin \u00e7o\u011fu Zerd\u00fc\u015ft inanc\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu yada \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde miras\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Celahaddin Harzem \u015eah, Mo\u011follara yenildi\u011fi sava\u015flardan sonra trajikomik bir \u015fekilde K\u00fcrtlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre sonra burada bir k\u00fcrt taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Tatar s\u00fcr\u00fcleri Anadolu\u2019ya karanl\u0131k bir bulut gibi \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fcm ya\u011fmuru tabi ki ilk olarak K\u00fcrtleri ya\u011fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mardin\u2019i, Nusaybin\u2019i, Musul\u2019u, Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 ve ele ge\u00e7iren\u00a0 Mo\u011follar \u00f6zellikle Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da bir tek canl\u0131 b\u0131rakmad\u0131lar. Ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehirlerde hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde bar\u0131\u015f yapmaya yana\u015fmayan Mo\u011follar sadece \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn nefesi ile ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya do\u011fru \u00e7ekilen Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrkleri yenilmelerine ra\u011fmen, K\u00fcrtler kadar zarar g\u00f6rmediler. Anadolu\u2019nun kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an her millet, \u00f6nce kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki K\u00fcrtleri\u00a0 \u00e7i\u011fniyordu. K\u00fcrtler umutsuzluk i\u00e7inde Mo\u011follara kar\u015f\u0131 yer yer\u00a0 direnmeye devam ettiler. 1400\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Timur\u2019un \u00f6lmesiyle b\u00f6lgede g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybeden Mo\u011follar, yerini yava\u015f yava\u015f Akkoyunlu devletinin yerine b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Ba\u011fdat tekrar \u0130ran\u2019a ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu tarihte K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Safevi \u0130ran devletiyle\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan sava\u015flarda meydan gene K\u00fcrdistan\u2019d\u0131. Ancak burada \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpacakt\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n niteli\u011fine bir de mezhep fakt\u00f6r\u00fc eklenmi\u015ftir. \u015eii-S\u00fcnni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen sava\u015fta K\u00fcrtler iki kampa ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikle S\u00fcnni inanc\u0131 benimseyen Diyarbak\u0131r, Mardin, Bitlis, Nusaybin, Musul K\u00fcrtleri \u015eEYH \u0130DR\u0130S-\u0130 B\u0130TL\u0130S\u0130\u2019nin Yavuz Selime yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesine \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zerkli\u011fe kavu\u015ftular.\u00a0 Federasyon tipi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler yoluyla emirler kendi b\u00f6lgelerinde s\u00f6z sahibi oldular. \u0130ranl\u0131lar y\u00fcksek k\u00fcrt da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famad\u0131lar. \u00c7ald\u0131ran\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferde Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc zirveye vuruyordu. B\u00f6lgede ilk kez K\u00fcrtler belirli bir rahatl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015ftular. Ancak rahatl\u0131k sadece S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtlere nasip olmu\u015ftu. B\u00f6ylece birle\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalanamad\u0131.
\u0130\u015fte tam bu noktada Ko\u00e7giri tarihinin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fin garip taraf\u0131 S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in sakin y\u0131llar, alevi K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in korkun\u00e7 katliam y\u0131llar\u0131 olarak devam edecektir. Binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k kan tiyatrosu aleviler i\u00e7in t\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131yla oynanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle Dersim b\u00f6lgesinin neden Alevili\u011fi benimsedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klamam\u0131z gereken bir sorudur. Sorunun cevab\u0131 ise birka\u00e7 sebebe dayan\u0131r. Celalettin Harzem\u015fah, do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dan bat\u0131ya ilerlerken, \u0130ran ve Horasan b\u00f6lgesinden gelen topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7ine alarak K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131na girer. \u0130ran Horasan\u0131ndan gelenler hem Mo\u011follar hem de Araplar \u00f6n\u00fcnden ka\u00e7\u0131yorlard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu gruplar\u00a0 \u00fczerinde Zerd\u00fc\u015ft inanc\u0131 \u00e7ok kuvvetli idi. G\u00fcneyden gelen K\u00fcrtlerde bu inanc\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Do\u011fu\u2019dan gelen Harzem ve \u0130ranl\u0131 gruplar k\u0131sa zamanda k\u00fcrtle\u015ftiler. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol-Arap cenderesine olan muhalefeti Dersim\u2019in co\u011frafi izolasyonu ile birle\u015fince ve g\u00f6\u00e7 fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131rdatmas\u0131 \u00fczerine anti bir din olan Alevilik, temel hatlar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Anadolu\u2019da Alevili\u011fin \u00f6zg\u00fcn anlam\u0131yla burada do\u011fdu\u011funu kabul etmek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Bu b\u00f6lgenin hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7it vermeyen yap\u0131s\u0131 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llara kadar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan kitlelere belirgin bir muhalefet \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fgale kalk\u0131\u015fan t\u00fcm imparatorluklarda buray\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmenin hi\u00e7bir fayda getirmeyece\u011fi kanaat\u0131, bunda bir etmen olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Temel hareketleriyle \u00e7izmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00fcrt tarihi bu noktaya kadar gelmi\u015ftir. Amac\u0131m\u0131z zaten bir k\u00fcrt tarihi yazmak de\u011fildir. Sadece ko\u00e7giri g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketinin temelinde yatan tarihi, ana kaynaklar\u0131yla sunmakt\u0131r. K\u00fcrtler belirli sebeplerle Dersim\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015f; gene belirli sebeplerle alevi inanc\u0131n\u0131 burada benimsemi\u015ftir. Binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sonucunda, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacak kuytu bir u\u00e7urumdur Dersim. Tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli topra\u011f\u0131 sadece dere yataklar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan bu b\u00f6lge, insan\u0131n\u0131 doyurmaya bile yetmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ko\u00e7giri temel ta\u015flar\u0131yla bu b\u00f6lgede tohumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genetik yap\u0131y\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde ve \u00f6zellikle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 dil yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Dersim\u2019e gelen g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u015eanl\u0131urfa olarak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Buna yak\u0131n olarak Mu\u015f ve Van\u2019da b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda \u0130ran Horasan\u2019\u0131 ve Harzem gruplar\u0131n\u0131n Dersim\u2019e insan aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ama as\u0131l kaynak, belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Diyarbak\u0131r ve \u015eanl\u0131urfa b\u00f6lgesidir.<\/p>\n

Dersim tarihinin kritik noktalar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu b\u00f6lgenin tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli 3-4 alan\u0131ndan biri olan Ovac\u0131k, ko\u00e7giri a\u015firetinin, art\u0131k kendi \u00f6zelli\u011fini kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck alevi k\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihlerde ma\u011faralara ve k\u00f6r vadilere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan insanlar, yar\u0131 yaban\u0131l bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ko\u00e7girilinin y\u00fcre\u011findeki b\u00fcy\u00fck korku miras\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r bu zamanlar. Ge\u00e7im ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yoksun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apta ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k ve e\u015fk\u0131yac\u0131l\u0131k uzun d\u00f6nemli karakterler kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli ge\u00e7itleri tutan a\u015firetler di\u011ferlerine nazaran daha uzun soluklu ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede K\u00fcrtlerde farkl\u0131 gruplar tam anlam\u0131yla asimile olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130ran’dan gelme birka\u00e7 grup dil \u00f6zelli\u011fini uzun s\u00fcre muhafaza etmi\u015f ve zazaca bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.
Daha \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fimiz gibi yaz\u0131m\u0131zdaki temel ama\u00e7 ko\u00e7girinin olu\u015fumundaki tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7leri a\u00e7\u0131klamakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ko\u00e7girinin as\u0131l tarihi bu noktadan itibaren ba\u015flar denilebilir.<\/p>\n

1750\u2019lerden itibaren h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kesen Osmanl\u0131 katliamlar\u0131 sonucunda b\u00f6lgede n\u00fcfus artmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131da ve do\u011fuda dertleri\u00a0 \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a Anadolu \u00fczerindeki politikalar\u0131 ikinci plana d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece Dersim\u2019de zaten az olan tar\u0131m arazisi b\u00f6lge insan\u0131na yetmemi\u015f ve yava\u015f yava\u015f d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zmalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mu\u015f, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Malatya ovalar\u0131 \u00e7oktan kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan tek alternatif kuzeyde k\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rma\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yata\u011f\u0131 olan \u0130mranl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesidir. Erzincan ovas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden Dersim kaynakl\u0131 bir \u00e7ok a\u015firet taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mranl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6nceleri \u00f6nemli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa sahip bulunan ermeni n\u00fcfusuda araziyi bo\u015faltmak zorunda kal\u0131nca buralar g\u00f6\u00e7 i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz noktalar haline gelmi\u015ftir. Ermenilerin b\u00f6lgeyi terk edi\u015f hikayesi ayr\u0131 bir trajedi konusudur. Dersim\u2019in do\u011fal bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan Divri\u011fi, \u0130mranl\u0131, Zara b\u00f6lgesine olan g\u00f6\u00e7ler bu tarihlerde h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Abbasu\u015fa\u011f\u0131, Aslanu\u015fa\u011f\u0131, Bezgeru\u015fa\u011f\u0131, \u0130zollu, Kulanu\u015fa\u011f\u0131, \u015eavalanl\u0131 ve \u015eeyh Hasanl\u0131 a\u015firetleri en fazla g\u00f6\u00e7 verenler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7erler, \u0130mranl\u0131, Divri\u011fi b\u00f6lgesinde gittik\u00e7e artarak ko\u00e7giri dokusunu olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Dersim\u2019le ba\u011flar hala \u00e7ok kuvvetlidir ve inisiyatif oradad\u0131r hen\u00fcz. Ko\u00e7giri a\u015firetinin kendi ad\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 250 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dayan\u0131r. Bir a\u015firetler birli\u011fi halinde olan ko\u00e7giri kendi i\u00e7inde kollara bilinen \u015fekliyle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

FINCANGIR adl\u0131 ki\u015finin \u00e7evresinde dola\u015fan rivayetler b\u00f6lgeye gelen ilk derebeyin bu ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin uyand\u0131r\u0131r. Zamanla artan n\u00fcfus sonucu mezralar dolmu\u015f ve bunun sonucunda ve Dersim\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir a\u015firet yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmak zorunlu olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde Osmanl\u0131dan pa\u015fal\u0131k r\u00fctbesi alan ve asl\u0131nda ko\u00e7girili olmayan Mustafa Pa\u015fa a\u015firet yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00fcst noktaya t\u0131rmanm\u0131\u015f ancak her zaman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda muhalefet bulmu\u015ftur. Burada Ko\u00e7girili\u2019yi ba\u015fka bir trajedi beklemektedir. Hi\u00e7 hissettirmeden santim santim batan sinsi bir han\u00e7er gibi \u00f6ld\u00fcren \u015fehir devreye girmi\u015ftir. \u0130syan\u0131 ya\u015fayan ku\u015faktan sonra ekme\u011finin pe\u015finde ko\u015fan ku\u015fak yeti\u015fmi\u015f ve nihayetinde \u015fehirde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden haberi olmayan son ku\u015fakta kendi kaderinin ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bildi\u011fimiz anlam\u0131yla hi\u00e7bir zaman dirilmeyecek olan ko\u00e7giri a\u011fac\u0131, son yapraklar\u0131yla B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015eehir\u2019in varo\u015flar\u0131nda direnmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hakkari da\u011flar\u0131ndan Mezopotamya ovas\u0131na oradan Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019a ve dersim yaylalar\u0131na varana dek s\u00fcren 2000 y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn hazin hikayesidir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel k\u00f6\u015fesi Anadolu\u2019da, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir halk\u0131na nasip olmayan s\u00fcre, ezilmi\u015f bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fle buralara gelen insanlar\u0131n hikayesidir.<\/p>\n

F\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n ve sellerin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felerde tekrar hayata d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131ramadan tekrar ezilen bir halk\u0131n hikayesidir. Bing\u00f6l da\u011flar\u0131nda, Murat nehrinde, Kuru\u00e7ay\u2019da, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Mezopotamya \u00e7\u00f6llerinde \u00fcst \u00fcste bir da\u011f gibi y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan cesetlerin hikayesidir. Bug\u00fcn bu hikaye, karanl\u0131k gecekondularda ve korku dolu beyinlerimizde devam ediyor. Yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri ortaya koydu\u011fumuz tarihi her okuyucu fark etmi\u015ftir. Bu tarih, ac\u0131dan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Halk\u0131m\u0131z ac\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 direnmi\u015f yada yok edilmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir yolu ya\u015famaya dahi imkan\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musa Anter\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi \u201cya\u015fam\u0131n bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131 direnmek\u201d olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bug\u00fcn bu noktada dergimiz halk\u0131m\u0131z tarihinden ders alarak bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde hikayenin sonunu kaleme al\u0131yor. T\u00fcm bu hikaye bizim hikayemizdir. Bizler bu roman\u0131n birer kahraman\u0131y\u0131z. \u00c7a\u011fla K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak\u2019\u0131n misyonu burada ba\u015fl\u0131yor. K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn son dura\u011f\u0131nda art\u0131k ka\u00e7acak yerimizin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hayata ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu say\u0131m\u0131zda ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Ko\u00e7giri\u2019nin g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131 ve olu\u015fum s\u00fcreci, ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde tan\u0131mlamaya gayret ettik. \u0130lerleyen say\u0131larda ko\u00e7girinin etnik psikolojik yap\u0131s\u0131, tipolojisi, paganist \u00f6zelliklerini inceledi\u011fimiz yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z yay\u0131mlanmaya devam edecektir. Sorumlu her ko\u00e7girili, buna katk\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131m\u0131z, Mezopotamya\u2019dan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fle k\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rma\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son yolculuk ise halen devam etmektedir. \u0130\u015fte \u201c\u00c7A\u011eLA KIZILIRMAK\u201d bu yolculu\u011fun ta kendisidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130mranl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dar bo\u011fazlar\u0131nda ve kimi zaman geni\u015fleyen d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde akar nehrimiz. Yata\u011f\u0131 boyunca ilerledik\u00e7e, renkten renge giren bu nehir; akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklarda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n h\u00fcz\u00fcnlerini, sevin\u00e7lerini, umutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015flerini de al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Anadolu\u2019yu ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa dola\u015fan nehir, Akdeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fclece\u011fim diyerek yola \u00e7\u0131kar; ancak sonunda bunu yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca kuzeye y\u00f6nelir ve Karadeniz\u2019in karanl\u0131k sular\u0131nda sonsuz yolculu\u011funda devam eder. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4816","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel-tarih"},"yoast_head":"\nUzun Bir Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f Ko\u00e7giri-1 | Erdal Karaku\u015f - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/12\/17\/uzun-bir-yuruyus-kocgiri-1-erdal-karakus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Uzun Bir Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f Ko\u00e7giri-1 | Erdal Karaku\u015f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130mranl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dar bo\u011fazlar\u0131nda ve kimi zaman geni\u015fleyen d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinde akar nehrimiz. Yata\u011f\u0131 boyunca ilerledik\u00e7e, renkten renge giren bu nehir; akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklarda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n h\u00fcz\u00fcnlerini, sevin\u00e7lerini, umutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015flerini de al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Anadolu\u2019yu ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa dola\u015fan nehir, Akdeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fclece\u011fim diyerek yola \u00e7\u0131kar; ancak sonunda bunu yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca kuzeye y\u00f6nelir ve Karadeniz\u2019in karanl\u0131k sular\u0131nda sonsuz yolculu\u011funda devam eder. 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Yata\u011f\u0131 boyunca ilerledik\u00e7e, renkten renge giren bu nehir; akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklarda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n h\u00fcz\u00fcnlerini, sevin\u00e7lerini, umutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015flerini de al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Anadolu\u2019yu ba\u015ftan ba\u015fa dola\u015fan nehir, Akdeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fclece\u011fim diyerek yola \u00e7\u0131kar; ancak sonunda bunu yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca kuzeye y\u00f6nelir ve Karadeniz\u2019in karanl\u0131k sular\u0131nda sonsuz yolculu\u011funda devam eder. 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