{"id":4824,"date":"2010-12-23T11:18:51","date_gmt":"2010-12-23T08:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2010\/12\/23\/turkiyedeki-emek-hareketlerine-anarsist-bir-bakis\/"},"modified":"2010-12-23T11:18:51","modified_gmt":"2010-12-23T08:18:51","slug":"turkiyedeki-emek-hareketlerine-anarsist-bir-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/12\/23\/turkiyedeki-emek-hareketlerine-anarsist-bir-bakis\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Emek Hareketlerine Anar\u015fist Bir Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.tulumba.com\/mmTULUMBA\/Images\/bk\/zBK331041IE777_250.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"155\" height=\"205\" style=\"float: left;\" \/>Bu co\u011frafyadaki emek hareketi ile yine bu co\u011frafyadaki anar\u015fizmin hala tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde iki olguyu yan yana getirip tahlil etmek olduk\u00e7a zor. Fakat \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin bitti\u011fi s\u00f6ylemlerinin her yerde duyuldu\u011fu ve bu s\u00f6ylemin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz anar\u015fizmi i\u00e7inde genel kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu i\u015f mutlak bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Biz toplumcu anar\u015fistler olarak marjinal bir hareket olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, toplumsal bir ger\u00e7eklik kazanmak istiyorsak s\u0131n\u0131f ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6rmek, ge\u00e7mi\u015f birikimlerden de yararlanarak bu konuda do\u011fru tahliller yapmak zorunday\u0131z.<br \/>S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00f6znel ko\u015fullar\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n devrimci potansiyelinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez. Birileri kabul etse de etmese de, istese de istemese de s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum var olduk\u00e7a, bu s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki ve bu \u00e7eli\u015fkinin do\u011furdu\u011fu sava\u015f var olmaya devam edecek. Mesele s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n devrimci ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir nitelik kazan\u0131p kazanamayaca\u011f\u0131, kaderini, bir daha kimseye teslim etmemek \u00fczere, eline al\u0131p, kendi gelece\u011fini \u00e7izebilip \u00e7izemeyece\u011fidir.<br \/>\u201cAnar\u015fizm kelimesinin\u201d bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u201cdostlar\u0131\u201d ve \u201cd\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n iddia etti\u011fi gibi anar\u015fizm s\u0131n\u0131f ger\u00e7e\u011finden habersiz bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ideolojisi olarak de\u011fil sanayi devrimi ile birlikte bir i\u015f\u00e7i ideolojisi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle Avrupa ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en yoksul kesimleri i\u00e7inde olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f kitlelere ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada Marksistler taraf\u0131ndan da sahiplenilen 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131 olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an \u00fcnl\u00fc Haymarket olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f akt\u00f6rleri ve olaylar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan idam edilenler anar\u015fistti. I. Enternasyonal i\u00e7indeki iki b\u00fcy\u00fck ak\u0131mdan biri olarak anar\u015fistler enternasyonal\u2019den sonra ve hatta Sovyet devriminin Bol\u015fevik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra da uzun s\u00fcre g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ve etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131 korudular. Anarko Sendikalistler taraf\u0131ndan 25 Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de Berlin\u2019de toplanan Uluslararas\u0131 Sendikalist Kongre\u2019de; 200. 000 \u00fcyeye sahip olan Federacion Obrera Regional Argentina ile Arjantin, 20. 000 \u00fcyeli Industrial Workers of the World ile \u015eili, 600 \u00fcyeli Union of Syndicalist Propaganda ile Danimarka, 120. 000 \u00fcyeli Freie Arbeiter Union ile Almanya, 22. 500 \u00fcyeli National Arbeids Sekretariat ile Hollanda; 500. 000 \u00fcyeli Unione Sindicale Italiana ile \u0130talya, 30. 000 \u00fcyeli Confederacion General de Trabajadores ile Meksika, 20. 000 \u00fcyeli Norsk Syndikalistik Federasjon ile Norve\u00e7, 15. 000 \u00fcyeli Confederacao do Trabalho ile Portekiz, 32. 000 \u00fcyeli Sveriges Arbetares Centraloganisation ile \u0130sve\u00e7 kat\u0131ld\u0131.<br \/>\u0130spanya i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Franko rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan anarko-sendikalist CNT, Franko rejiminin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra yeniden kuruldu ve bug\u00fcn hala \u0130spanya\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck sendika durumunda. Sendikalizmin i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6rnekler geni\u015f kitlelerin anar\u015fizmin savundu\u011fu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc kom\u00fcnist anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme tarz\u0131n\u0131 benimseyebilece\u011finin, ondan etkilenerek hareket edebilece\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesi olmu\u015ftur. Ku\u015fkusuz s\u00f6z konusu sendikalist ak\u0131mlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da anar\u015fizm geni\u015f kitleler aras\u0131nda taraftar buldu. Bunun en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerinden biri Sovyet devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ukrayna\u2019da burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden ve kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lge yaratarak, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin kendi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kongrelerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve \u00f6zy\u00f6netimci deneyimlerin ya\u015fanmas\u0131na \u00f6n ayak olan Mahnovist harekettir. Bu konuda bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli \u00f6rnek ise yine \u0130spanya i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok etkin olan, anar\u015fist militanlar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc FAI\u2019dir. Bu iki \u00f6rnek de kom\u00fcnist ilkeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi perspektifiyle olu\u015fmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerdir.<br \/>Anar\u015fizm de, Marksizm de s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini temel alan ak\u0131mlar olmakla beraber iki ak\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f tan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131fa y\u00fckledikleri misyon aras\u0131nda belirli farklar vard\u0131r. Bu farklar konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalara derinlemesine girmeden \u015funu belirtmek gerekir ki, biz pek \u00e7ok ak\u0131mdan farkl\u0131 olarak yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri, memurlar\u0131, i\u015fsizleri ve seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi ge\u00e7ici, g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 da devrimci \u00f6zne olarak say\u0131yor ve bunlar\u0131 \u201cemek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u201d kavram\u0131yla tan\u0131ml\u0131yoruz. Asl\u0131nda bu saptama Marksizm ve anar\u015fizmin s\u0131n\u0131f kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki belirli bir farka da i\u015faret ediyor. Marksizm\u2019in savundu\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kavram\u0131 kamu emek\u00e7ilerini, topraks\u0131z ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toprak sahibi k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri, seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015fler yapan kesimleri tan\u0131mlamakta yetersiz kal\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi, bu co\u011frafyalardaki m\u00fccadele tarihinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahip olan i\u015f\u00e7i eylemliliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin m\u00fccadele deneyimlerini ve bunlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck, do\u011frudanl\u0131k, \u00f6zy\u00f6netimcilik gibi kavramlarla ili\u015fkilerini de\u011ferlendirmek anar\u015fizmin bu s\u0131n\u0131flarla kuraca\u011f\u0131 ili\u015fki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan referans kayna\u011f\u0131 olacak ve bu konuda \u00e7izmemiz gereken \u00e7er\u00e7eveye, m\u00fccadele perspektifimize dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verecektir.<br \/><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi<\/strong><br \/>Lonca \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin hakim oldu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131\u2019da sanayinin ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 19. yy\u2019\u0131n ortalar\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk sanayi i\u015fletmesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan 1835 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Kad\u0131rga\u2019da kurulan Feshane\u2019dir. \u00dcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte makine k\u0131rma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli bireysel eylemlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemin ard\u0131ndan bir s\u00fcre sonra i\u015f\u00e7iler tepkilerini grevlerle ortaya koymaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131daki ilk grev oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen 1872 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Beyo\u011flu Telgrafhane i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin grevinin ard\u0131ndan 1908\u2019e kadar \u00fccretlerin verilmemesi, ge\u00e7 verilmesi veya art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi ekonomik sebeplerle irili ufakl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok grev ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bir grev dalgas\u0131 patlak vermi\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bu grevlerden pek \u00e7ok kazan\u0131m elde etmi\u015ftir. 1909\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Tatil-i E\u015fgal Kanunu (Grev Kanunu) bu i\u015f\u00e7i grevlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli oranda kesmi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli grevler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiyse de patlak veren sava\u015f\u0131n da etkisiyle bunlar\u0131n etkisi olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan s\u0131n\u0131f hareketleri ciddi bask\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Takriri S\u00fckun Kanunu ile \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00f6nemli engeller konmu\u015f, 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Cemiyetler Kanunu ile aile, cemaat, \u0131rk, cins ve s\u0131n\u0131f esas\u0131na dayanan cemiyetlerin kurulmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve sendikala\u015fma hakk\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetten \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik talepler ekseninde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadele hatt\u0131n\u0131n yerini, sendika ve grev hakk\u0131, 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131, 8 saatli i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc gibi taleplerin de eklendi\u011fi bir m\u00fccadele anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm yasal ve fiili k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara ra\u011fmen ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na kadar i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli eylemlerle m\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ancak bu m\u00fccadeleler c\u0131l\u0131z ve etkisiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\u0130kinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra sendikala\u015fma hakk\u0131 gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n kanunlarla tan\u0131nmas\u0131yla beraber, sendikalar yine kanunlarla \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 yasaklara tabi tutulmu\u015f, tamamen i\u015flevsizle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. Yo\u011fun m\u00fccadeleler sonucunda sendika kurma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131yla o zamana kadar de facto olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen grevler ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7abalar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 yasaklarla devletin denetimine girmi\u015ftir. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda itibaren 73 i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131 kurulmu\u015f ve 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda da bu sendikalar T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f) \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Ancak grev ya da toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapmak gibi yetkileri dahi olmayan bu sendikalar tam anlam\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 dizginleme i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1961 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar olan s\u00fcre boyunca olduk\u00e7a az say\u0131da grev ve i\u015f\u00e7i mitingi d\u00fczenlenirken, var olanlar eylemler de militanl\u0131ktan uzakt\u0131.<br \/>1961 ise s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yo\u011fun ve militan bir eylemlilik s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130nkar edilemeyecek ger\u00e7ek 1961 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi g\u00f6rece \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ortam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te etkisi oldu\u011fudur. Ancak y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullar, ekonominin bozulmas\u0131, i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kartmalar\u0131n artmas\u0131 bu hareketlenmenin as\u0131l dinami\u011fiydi. 1930\u2019larda 200 bin civar\u0131nda olan i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131, 1950\u2019lerde 500 bine, 1963\u2019te ise 2 milyon 745 bine ula\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir kapitalistle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine girdi\u011fi 1964-1965 y\u0131llar\u0131 hareketlenmenin de iyiden iyiye artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, her ay bir ka\u00e7 i\u015f yerinde grevin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlerinin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem oldu ayn\u0131 zamanda.<br \/>31 Ocak 1966\u2019da ba\u015flayan, Pa\u015fabah\u00e7e fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 2200 i\u015f\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 grev bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok deneyim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnektir. T\u0130SK\u2019le T\u00fcrk-i\u015f y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan 21 Mart\u2019ta i\u015f\u00e7ilerin aleyhine pek \u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir protokol imzaland\u0131. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7iler ve Kristal-i\u015f sendikas\u0131 bu protokol\u00fc kabul etmeyerek, daha sonra fabrikaya gelen T\u00fcrk-i\u015f y\u00f6neticilerini tartaklad\u0131lar. 28 Mart\u2019ta ise T\u00fcrk-i\u015f genel merkezi T\u0130SK\u2019le var\u0131lan anla\u015fma sonucu grevin bitirilmesini istedi. Karara uymayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan Kristal-i\u015f ve grevci i\u015f\u00e7ilere T\u00fcrk-i\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok sendikadan da destek geldi. Grevle dayan\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in kurulan komite D\u0130SK\u2019i kuracak \u00e7ekirde\u011fin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc durumundayd\u0131. Grev daha sonra zorla ve \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u0131ld\u0131rma politikalar\u0131yla bast\u0131r\u0131lsa da ya\u015fanan bu \u00f6rnek sendika b\u00fcrokrasisinin uzla\u015fmac\u0131 tavr\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n tabandan y\u00fckselecek ve karar alacak bir s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm oldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesidir.<br \/>Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (D\u0130SK) \u2019in kuruldu\u011fu 1967 y\u0131l\u0131na girildi\u011finde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftu. Hemen hemen her ay bir yerlerde grev ba\u015fl\u0131yor, pek \u00e7ok yerde i\u015f\u00e7i eylemleri d\u00fczenleniyordu. D\u0130SK\u2019in kurulu\u015fu bu hareketlenmenin do\u011fal sonucu olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. T\u00fcrk-i\u015f uzla\u015fmac\u0131 tavr\u0131 ile i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n militanla\u015fan ve siyasal bir nitelik kazanan karakterini kar\u015f\u0131lamakta yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte oldu\u011fu gibi pek \u00e7ok grevin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk-i\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 sendikac\u0131larla i\u015f\u00e7iler kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmi\u015fti.<br \/>D\u0130SK\u2019in kurulu\u015funun t\u00fcm toplumda artan hareketlenmenin y\u00fckseli\u015finde \u00f6nemli bir etkisi olmu\u015ftur. Bu gerek egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, gerekse egemen s\u0131n\u0131fla i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olan T\u00fcrk-i\u015f y\u00f6netimini rahats\u0131z etmi\u015fti. T\u00fcrk-i\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 sendikac\u0131 bir milletvekili olan Abdullah Ba\u015ft\u00fcrk ve d\u00f6rt arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131n teklifinin b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi olan 275 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar Kanunu ile ilgili de\u011fi\u015fiklik tasar\u0131s\u0131yla D\u0130SK\u2019in tasfiye edilmesi ve T\u00fcrk-i\u015f\u2019in tek sendika olarak kalmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunun gerek\u00e7esi olarak \u201cUygulamada g\u00f6r\u00fclen aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n giderilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenmesi\u201d g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu tasar\u0131y\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in 15-16 Haziran\u2019da \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmit\u2019te b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler d\u00fczenlendi. 15 Haziran\u2019da yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe 113 i\u015fyerinden \u00e7\u0131kan 70 bin kadar i\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131ld\u0131. 16 Haziran\u2019da ise 150 bin i\u015f\u00e7i y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. T\u00fcrk-i\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar sonunda 3 i\u015f\u00e7i, 1 polis ve 1 esnaf \u00f6ld\u00fc, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi. T\u00fcm bu olaylara ra\u011fmen tasar\u0131 12 A\u011fustos\u2019ta meclisten ge\u00e7erek kanunla\u015ft\u0131. Ancak daha sonra Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131yla yasa iptal edildi. D\u00f6nemin i\u015f\u00e7i hareketlenmesinden doruk noktas\u0131 olan olaylar D\u0130SK y\u00f6netiminin merkezi karar\u0131n\u0131n etkisinden \u00e7ok \u015fubelerin etkisiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve kendili\u011finden i\u015fyerlerinden \u00e7\u0131karak y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flayan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7tikleri i\u015fyerlerinden i\u015f\u00e7ilerin de kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<br \/>Giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcyen toplumsal hareketlenmenin ve \u00f6zellikle y\u00fckselen emek hareketinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan 12 Mart darbesi ve bu d\u00f6nemde uygulanan yo\u011fun bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet bir s\u00fcre etkili olduysa da bu etki uzun s\u00fcrmedi. S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1973\u2019e kadarki d\u00f6nemde dahi pek \u00e7ok eylemlilik ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 1974 sonras\u0131nda ise i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fccadeleleri eski dinamikli\u011fini yeniden kazand\u0131. \u201cFa\u015fizme \u0130htar\u201d, DGM\u2019nin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi siyasal i\u00e7eriklere de sahip olan i\u015f\u00e7i eylemliliklerinde art\u0131\u015f oldu. T\u00fcm bu olaylarla beraber sivil fa\u015fizm t\u00fcm toplumun \u00fczerinde karabasan gibi geziniyordu. D\u00fczenlenen grevlerdeki i\u015f\u00e7iler sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fruyor, evler, i\u015fyerleri bas\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan doruk noktas\u0131 ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki en b\u00fcy\u00fck kitle g\u00f6sterisi olan 1977 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131yd\u0131. Taksim meydan\u0131nda 500 binden fazla ki\u015finin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mitinge yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131 sonucu 35 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<br \/>Bu \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ortam i\u00e7inde kapitalizm 1970\u2019den beri pen\u00e7ele\u015fti\u011fi krizden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu ar\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de o d\u00f6nemin \u00fcst d\u00fczey b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131ndan olan Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucu 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan liberalle\u015fme harek\u00e2t\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi. Ancak bunun \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 bir ortamda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi zordu. Egemenlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm bu \u201csorunlar\u0131n\u201d \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc 12 Eyl\u00fcl Askeri Darbesi oldu. Darbe sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00f6nemin ard\u0131ndan Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cola\u011fan\u201d bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kuruldu. Liberal politikalar, uygulanmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel kalmay\u0131nca h\u0131z kazand\u0131.<br \/>12 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131nda toplumsal dinamikler \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybettiler. Darbenin ard\u0131ndan ilk grev 2 Ekim 1984\u2019de Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m ve Desan Tersane i\u015f\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlendi. Bundan sonra irili ufakl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok eylemlilik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiyse de i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin s\u0131\u00e7rama noktas\u0131 1989 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki bahar eylemleri oldu. Bu; yakla\u015f\u0131k 1, 5 milyon i\u015f\u00e7iyi kapsayan bir eylemlilik s\u00fcreci olarak 80 sonras\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli i\u015f\u00e7i hareketiydi. Ancak 1991\u2019deki Zonguldak maden i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin grevi gibi d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem ya\u015fanan kalk\u0131\u015fmalar bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den bug\u00fcne kadar gelen s\u00fcrede toplumun geneline hakim olan politik durgunluk i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu.<br \/><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zy\u00f6netim deneyimleri<\/strong><br \/>Bu noktada T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kendi kaderine tam anlam\u0131yla sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zy\u00f6netim deneyimlerine de k\u0131saca de\u011finmek gerekir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bilinen ilk i\u015f\u00e7i denetimi prati\u011fi 1923\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019daki m\u00fcrettipler (dizgici) grevinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Fazla bir birikim b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f olan bu pratikten sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir di\u011fer pratik ise \u00c7orum\u2019daki Alpagut Linyit Madenleri\u2019nde ya\u015fand\u0131. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan i\u015fletme 1969 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde \u00fcretimsiz ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyemez hale gelmi\u015fti. Zaten \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda olan Alpagut i\u015f\u00e7ileri 73 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr \u00fccretlerini alamamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine 13 Haziran\u2019da i\u015fletmeye el koydular. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda yine \u00fccretlerinin \u00f6denmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle d\u00fczenlenen 13 g\u00fcnl\u00fck grev ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7iler ikinci eylemlerinde bu deneyimleriyle hareket etmi\u015flerdi. 786 i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan Genel Kurul vas\u0131tas\u0131yla do\u011frudan demokrasinin i\u015fledi\u011fi bir karar alma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, pratik i\u015flerinse kendi aralar\u0131ndan se\u00e7tikleri i\u015f\u00e7i konseyince y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc deneyim 35 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i konseyinin faaliyetleri b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla olu\u015fan genel kurul taraf\u0131ndan denetleniyordu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki her t\u00fcr ayr\u0131cal\u0131k ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcretim y\u00fczde 50 oran\u0131nda artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n do\u011frudan do\u011fruya yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sat\u0131\u015f komiteleri olu\u015fturuldu. \u00dcretim masraflar\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken pay d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten sonra i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6nceden birikmi\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131 oran\u0131ndan kendilerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 al\u0131yorlard\u0131. T\u00fcm bu ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler bir s\u00fcre sonra siyasi iktidar\u0131 korkutmu\u015ftu. En sonunda 17 Temmuz\u2019da jandarman\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir operasyonla i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015fletmeden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6zy\u00f6netim deneyiminin ard\u0131ndan s\u00fcren 5 ayl\u0131k direni\u015f sonucunda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin pek \u00e7ok talebi yerine getirildi. Ancak as\u0131l \u00f6nemli nokta kendili\u011finden geli\u015fen bu \u00f6zy\u00f6netim deneyimi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesiyle neler yapabilece\u011fine dair \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek olarak tarihe yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<br \/>Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6zy\u00f6netim deneyimi, Alpagut kadar uzun s\u00fcreli ve etkili olmasa da 1970 Haziran ay\u0131nda G\u00fcnterm Kazan Fabrikas\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00dccretlerin \u00f6denmemesi \u00fczerine y\u00f6netime i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan el konuldu ve \u201cpatronsuz \u00fcretim\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle \u00fcretim i\u015f\u00e7ilerin denetiminde bir s\u00fcre devam etti. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek ise 1977\u2019de, \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fanan grevin ve sendikac\u0131lar\u0131n silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131 gibi olaylar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan A\u015fkale maden oca\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. Ekim 1977\u2019de madenin zarar etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine i\u015f\u00e7iler oca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fgal edip \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 380 i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015f\u00e7i konseyleri ve komiteler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Aral\u0131k ay\u0131na kadar 4 bin ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcrettiler. Son iki deneyim Alpagut\u2019tan farkl\u0131 olarak D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 sendikalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve siyasal y\u00f6nlendirmeyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<br \/>Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak bu deneyimler, genel olarak patronlara ve direni\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda da sendika b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cy\u00f6nlendirmelerine\u201d muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yaln\u0131z \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya de\u011fil \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye de muktedir olduklar\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olmu\u015ftur. Ku\u015fkusuz bu t\u00fcr deneyimler ancak genel bir hareketlilik ortam\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve dayan\u0131\u015fmayla ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmi\u015ftir ve bundan sonrada ancak b\u00f6yle olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fil.<br \/>Bu noktada \u00fcretim ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczenindeki konumlar\u0131 gere\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131lmasalar bile i\u015f\u00e7iler kadar \u00f6nemli say\u0131labilecek ve bu co\u011frafyalar\u0131n m\u00fccadele tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda birikim yaratabilmi\u015f olan k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve memurlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelelerini incelemek gerekir. Asl\u0131nda nihai \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ortak olan t\u00fcm emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar, belirli taleplerinin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi durumlarda ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak t\u00fcm bu kesimleri birle\u015ftiren noktay\u0131, yani kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn cenderesi alt\u0131nda ezildiklerini, patronlar\u0131n ve devletin b\u00fcy\u00fck bask\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler gibi memurlar\u0131n, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin, seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131lar ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n bir yandan kapitalizmin yeniden \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde hayati konuma sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131, bir yandan da farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde de olsa s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmamal\u0131y\u0131z.<br \/><strong>Kamu Emek\u00e7ileri ve K\u00f6yl\u00fc Hareketleri<\/strong><br \/>12 Eyl\u00fcl \u00f6ncesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin dinamik bir m\u00fccadele verdiklerinden bahsetmek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. 1961 sonras\u0131nda T\u00d6S (T\u00fcrkiye \u00d6\u011fretmenler Sendikas\u0131) gibi dernek stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelere gidildiyse de bunlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ivme d\u00f6nemin i\u015f\u00e7i hareketleriyle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zay\u0131ft\u0131. 12 Mart sonras\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre kesintiye u\u011frayan bu hareket \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015f kollar\u0131nda kurulan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerle benzer bir bi\u00e7imde devam etti. Ancak ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir memur hareketinin ancak 1989 sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edebiliriz. Bunun bir sebebi bu tarihte ba\u015flayan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan m\u00fccadelenin kitlesel ve s\u00fcrekli olmas\u0131 ve bir di\u011feri de \u00f6zellikle 1993 sonras\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen m\u00fccadelenin olduk\u00e7a kararl\u0131 ve ses getirici olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kitleselli\u011fin bu d\u00f6neme kadar sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda, (\u00f6zellikle 1950\u2019lerden \u00f6nce) okumu\u015f ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla nitelikli olan insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 memurlar\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 konuma ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 1950\u2019den sonra okula gitme oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla beraber bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131k yava\u015f yava\u015f ortadan kalkmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ysa da, 1960 sonras\u0131 kapitalistle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 nitelikli i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f 1970\u2019lere kadar bu olgu farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde devam etmi\u015ftir. 1960-80 aras\u0131nda bu m\u00fccadelenin y\u00fckselememesine bir sebep olarak da, o d\u00f6nemden \u00f6nce herhangi bir m\u00fccadele birikimi yarat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemin bir nevi deneyim kazanmakla ge\u00e7mesi g\u00f6sterilebilir.<br \/>Her \u015feyi silip s\u00fcp\u00fcren 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn etkilerinden yava\u015f yava\u015f kurtulunmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin de ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1989 sonras\u0131n\u0131n bu hareketin var olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun bir zaman oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin m\u00fccadelesinin ilk d\u00f6nemi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme sorunuyla ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Memur sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n fiilen kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu ve kitleselle\u015fti\u011fi 1991 sonras\u0131nda ise giderek y\u00fckselen m\u00fccadeledeki temel talep \u201cGrevli, Toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli Sendika hakk\u0131\u201dyd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde onbinlerce insan\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve polisle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitlesel g\u00f6steriler d\u00fczenleniyordu. 1994\u2019e gelindi\u011finde sendikal haklar\u0131n\u0131n verilmemesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ve maa\u015flara yap\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck zamlara da kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131 giderek d\u00fc\u015fen memurlar bir s\u00fcre sonra i\u015f\u00e7ilerle rekabet halinde de\u011fil, dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olan bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak var oldu. Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tasfiyesi s\u00fcrecinde memurlar \u00f6nemli bir devrimci potansiyel olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duruyorlar ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z durgunluk d\u00f6neminde pek \u00e7ok zaman i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan daha militan ve kararl\u0131 tav\u0131r alabiliyorlar. 1989 ya da 1996 gibi hareketli d\u00f6nemlerde en \u00f6nemli dinamiklerden biri olmalar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok \u015feyin g\u00f6stergesi.<br \/>Bu co\u011frafyadaki k\u00f6yl\u00fc hareketleri de \u00f6nemli m\u00fccadele deneyimlerine sahip. 1968 Samsun ve Trabzon\u2019da, 1978-79 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Giresun ve Ordu y\u00f6relerinde yap\u0131lan \u201cF\u0131nd\u0131kta S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye Son\u201d mitingleri, 1970 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131nda Giresun, Ordu, Fatsa, Bulancak, Tirebolu, Espiye ve Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019de tefeci-t\u00fcccar s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcreticilerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi mitingler, 1971 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda E\u015fme\u2019de ve Ala\u00e7am\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen t\u00fct\u00fcn mitingleri, Bursa\u2019da Zeytin \u00fcreticisinden, s\u00fct \u00fcreticisine pek \u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131 dile getirmek i\u00e7in 1996 Nisan ay\u0131 boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri eylemler bu konuda \u00f6nemli bir ka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck eylemliliklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zellikle 1967-1971 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fan bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak a\u011falar\u0131na, t\u00fcccarlara ya da hazineye ait arazileri i\u015fgal etmek gibi radikal deneyimler de ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu konuda ya\u015fanan deneyimlerden Tokat Uzunburun k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin hazine topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgali, Elmal\u0131 k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin toprak a\u011falar\u0131na ait topraklar\u0131 i\u015fgali, Odaba\u015f\u0131, G\u00f6lp\u0131na, Beyceli, Karam\u0131k, De\u011firmen\u00f6z\u00fc k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin toprak i\u015fgalleri \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca Fatsa\u2019da Fikri S\u00f6nmez\u2019in belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p devletin nokta operasyonuyla sona eren \u00f6zy\u00f6netim deneyimini de anmak gerekir. T\u00fcm bu deneyimler k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin de yeri geldi\u011finde devrimci tav\u0131r tak\u0131nabildiklerinin ve kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ellerine alabildiklerinin bu co\u011frafyadan g\u00f6stergeleri.<br \/><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><br \/>\u201cS\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n devrimci potansiyelinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u201cTarihin sonunun geldi\u011fi\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemlerle yarat\u0131lan ideolojik dezenformasyona kar\u015f\u0131 verilecek en iyi cevap s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kendi pratikleri olacakt\u0131r. M\u00fccadele tarihleri boyunca bir \u00f6nc\u00fcye ya da lidere ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyimler ve bug\u00fcn hala yeni deneyimlerin yarat\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131, bize devrimin hala m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funa, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir toplum yaratacak g\u00fcce sahip oldu\u011funa dair umut veriyor. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafyadaki anar\u015fistler i\u00e7in bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkeden farkl\u0131 olarak hen\u00fcz yeni. S\u0131n\u0131f perspektifli, toplumcu bir anar\u015fizm i\u00e7in, ya\u015fanan emek m\u00fccadeleleri ve bu m\u00fccadeleler i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve devrimci potansiyel bu co\u011frafyadaki tek referans say\u0131labilir. Bu referanslar i\u00e7erisinden sahiplenebilece\u011fimiz ve deneyimler kazanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z pek \u00e7ok \u00f6rnek s\u00f6z konusu. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda m\u00fccadele etmeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve devrimci anlay\u0131\u015fa sahip bir s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin nas\u0131l yarat\u0131labilece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fmak bizim \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli nokta ise pek \u00e7ok ak\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 alg\u0131lanan ve yorumlanan s\u0131n\u0131f ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncel ve ampirik verilerle tekrar tekrar tart\u0131\u015fmak ve bu incelemenin inemedi\u011fi derinlikte analiz etmek bir zorunluluk. Ancak her \u015feyin \u00f6tesinde yapmam\u0131z gereken i\u015f\u00e7ilerden, memurlara, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerden, yak\u0131n zamanda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 eylemlerle g\u00fcndeme gelen seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131lar gibi kesimlere ve yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imleriyle ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren emek\u00e7ilerin sahip oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6rmek ve emek ve sermaye cephesinde eme\u011fin yan\u0131nda yerimizi almakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Notlar:<br \/>[1] ROCKER, Rudolf. Anarko Sendikalizm, Kaos Yay., 2000<br \/>[2] AR\u015e\u0130NOV, Peter. Mahnov\u015f\u00e7ina, Kaos Yay., 1998<br \/>[3] D. Quataert &amp; E. J. Z\u00fcrcher. Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sine \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, \u0130leti\u015fim yay., 1998<br \/>[4] YARA\u015eIR, Volkan. Sokata Politika, Genda\u015f A. \u015e., 2002<br \/>[5] \u015eEN, Sedat. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Eylemleri ve Devrimimiz, Diyalektik yay., 1993<br \/>[6] \u00c7EL\u0130K, Nuri. \u0130\u015f Hukuku Dersleri, Beta Bas\u0131m A. \u015e., 2004<br \/>[7] O\u011eUZ, Hasan. 1980 Sonras\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Hareketinde Durum, Scala yay., 1995<br \/>[8] kesk.org.tr<br \/>[9] halkevleri.org.tr<\/p>\n<p>Kaynak : Kara K\u0131z\u0131l Notlar dergisi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu co\u011frafyadaki emek hareketi ile yine bu co\u011frafyadaki anar\u015fizmin hala tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde iki olguyu yan yana getirip tahlil etmek olduk\u00e7a zor. Fakat \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin bitti\u011fi s\u00f6ylemlerinin her yerde duyuldu\u011fu ve bu s\u00f6ylemin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz anar\u015fizmi i\u00e7inde genel kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu i\u015f mutlak bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Biz toplumcu anar\u015fistler olarak marjinal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4824","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-turkiye"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.9 (Yoast SEO v24.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Emek Hareketlerine Anar\u015fist Bir Bak\u0131\u015f - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2010\/12\/23\/turkiyedeki-emek-hareketlerine-anarsist-bir-bakis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Emek Hareketlerine Anar\u015fist Bir Bak\u0131\u015f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu co\u011frafyadaki emek hareketi ile yine bu co\u011frafyadaki anar\u015fizmin hala tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde iki olguyu yan yana getirip tahlil etmek olduk\u00e7a zor. 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