![](\"images\/stories\/lafargue.jpg\")
YEN\u0130 M\u00dcZ\u0130\u011eE YEN\u0130 SES<\/p>\nYEN\u0130 M\u00dcZ\u0130\u011eE YEN\u0130 SES<\/p>\n
E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini azaltarak toplumsal \u00fcretime yeni makine g\u00fc\u00e7leri kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorsa, i\u015f\u00e7ileri, \u00fcrettikleri mallar\u0131 t\u00fcketmeye zorlayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015f ordusu kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. O zaman, evrensel t\u00fcketimci g\u00f6revinden kurtulmu\u015f olan kentsoylu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, t\u00fcketmede ve savurganl\u0131kta kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmalar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, yararl\u0131 u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131ndan kopar\u0131p ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 asker, yarg\u0131\u00e7, berber, pezevenk vb. g\u00fcruhunu bir an \u00f6nce ba\u015f\u0131ndan atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte o zaman, i\u015f piyasas\u0131 dolup ta\u015facak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklayan demir gibi sert bir yasa koymak gerekecek: tahta bitlerinden daha kalabal\u0131k, \u00fcretmeyen i\u015f\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na i\u015f bulmak olanaks\u0131zla\u015facak. Bunlardan sonra da anlams\u0131z ve pahal\u0131ya mal olan gereksinim ve zevklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamakta olan ki\u015fileri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerek. Art\u0131k, s\u0131rmalar tak\u0131nacak u\u015faklar ve generaller, dantellere bo\u011fulacak evli ve bek\u00e3r orospular, delik a\u00e7an toplar, yap\u0131lacak saraylar olmay\u0131nca, o zaman, s\u0131rma, dantel, \u00fct\u00fc ve in\u015faat i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n-erkek i\u015f\u00e7ileri, sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rmak ve soylar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, sert yasalarla k\u00fcrek sporlar\u0131, dans ve bale fig\u00fcrleri yapmaya zorlamak gerekecek. Oldu\u011fu yerde t\u00fcketilmeyen Avrupa \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7\u00f6pe at\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, gemicilerin, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tekne sahiplerinin, kamyoncular\u0131n oturup derin derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gerek. O zaman, \u00e7ok mutlu Polinezyal\u0131lar, uygarla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Ven\u00fcs’\u00fcn tekmelerinden ve Avrupa’n\u0131n ahlak hocalar\u0131ndan korkmaks\u0131z\u0131n, sere serpe sevi\u015fmeye b\u0131rakabileceklerdir kendilerini.
Dahas\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumunun t\u00fcm gelir yoksullar\u0131na i\u015f bulmak, kentsoylular gibi, perhizli zevklerini ve t\u00fcketici yeteneklerini sonuna kadar zorlamak gerek. Bir ya da iki onsluk k\u00f6sele gibi et yiyece\u011fine, can\u0131 isterse, bir ya da iki librelik g\u00fczel bifte\u011fi indirecek midesine; k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015farab\u0131 karar\u0131nda i\u00e7ecek yerde, Papa’dan daha da katolikle\u015ferek Bordeaux ve Burgonya \u015faraplar\u0131n\u0131, sanayi suyu katmadan, a\u011fz\u0131na kadar dolu derin bardaklardan i\u00e7ecek, suyu da hayvanlara b\u0131rakacak.
\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, demir-d\u00f6k\u00fcm ve ar\u0131tma fabrikalar\u0131nda, kapitalistleri, zorla 10 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 koymu\u015flar kafalar\u0131na. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir yan\u0131lg\u0131d\u0131r bu, toplumsal uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ve i\u00e7sava\u015f nedeni. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 savunmak gerekirdi, yoksa zorla kabul ettirmek de\u011fil. Rothschildlerin, Saylar\u0131n, ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca tam anlam\u0131yla ci\u011feri be\u015f para etmez birer insan olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131na yer verilecektir. E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yolundaki genel al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalara kar\u015f\u0131n, eskisi gibi tam anlam\u0131yla aylak ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye ant i\u00e7erlerse fi\u015flere ge\u00e7irilecekler ve ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 belediyelerden, her sabah, ufak tefek e\u011flence paras\u0131 olarak 20’\u015fer frank alacaklard\u0131r. Toplumsal uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar son bulacak, ilk \u00f6nce gelir sahipleriyle kapitalistler, kendilerine k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, daha do\u011fu\u015ftan beri bellerini b\u00fcken fazla t\u00fcketim ve savurganl\u0131ktan kurtar\u0131lmak istendiklerine ak\u0131llar\u0131 yatt\u0131 m\u0131, halk\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alacaklard\u0131r. Be\u015f para etmez niteliklerini kan\u0131tlayamayan kentsoylulara gelince, onlar i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcleriyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131lacaklard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirecek yeterince i\u011fren\u00e7 i\u015f var: Dufaure genel helalar\u0131 temizleyecek. Galliffet uyuz domuzlar\u0131 ve karn\u0131 \u015fi\u015f atlar\u0131 kesip bi\u00e7ecek. Poissy’ye (Merkez Tutukevi) g\u00f6nderilen Son Darbe Komisyonu \u00fcyeleri, kesilecek s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131 ve koyunlar\u0131 damgalayacak, cenaze t\u00f6renlerine kat\u0131l\u0131p duran senat\u00f6rler, cenazede tabut ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynayacaklard\u0131r. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de, zek\u00e2lar\u0131na yara\u015f\u0131r i\u015fler bulunacakt\u0131r. Lorgeril ve Broglie, \u015fampanya \u015fi\u015felerini t\u0131palayacaklar, ama sarho\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na tasma tak\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ferry, Freycinet ve Tirard bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve ba\u015fka kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n tahtakurular\u0131n\u0131, bit ve pirelerini \u00f6ld\u00fcreceklerdir. Bununla birlikte, al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k kudurmu\u015fluktan beter oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Devlet gelirlerini kentsoylulardan uzak tutmak gerekecektir.
Ama insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 soysuzla\u015ft\u0131ran ahlak\u00e7\u0131lardan, yobazlardan, iki y\u00fczl\u00fc insanlardan, sahte sofulardan ve “d\u00fcnya \u00e2lemi doland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ba\u015fka mezhep insanlar\u0131ndan” uzun uzun ve hoyrat\u00e7a \u00f6\u00e7 al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131radan halka, yaln\u0131zca derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, insanlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten desteklemek i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve nefislerine eziyet ettiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Oysa tam tersine, i\u015fin bokunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorlar. Tanr\u0131 bilir nas\u0131l! Romal\u0131 Curius gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp, \u015earap Tanr\u0131s\u0131 gibi ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. K\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc pudralar kullanmasalar, k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 suratlar\u0131 ve \u015fi\u015f g\u00f6bekleri apa\u00e7\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.
B\u00fcy\u00fck halk \u015fenliklerinde kom\u00fcnistlerle kolektivistler, kentsoylu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n 15 A\u011fustos ve 14 Temmuzlar\u0131ndaki gibi toz toprak yutacak yerde, \u015fi\u015feleri f\u0131rlatacak, domuz sucuklar\u0131na sald\u0131racak, ma\u015frapalar\u0131 havalara u\u00e7uracaklar. Tinsel ve Siyasal Bilim Akademisi \u00fcyeleri, ekonomiciler, Katolik, Protestan, Yahudi, pozitivist ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli kilisenin k\u0131sa ve uzun c\u00fcppeli papazlar\u0131, Malthus\u00e7ulu\u011fun ve H\u0131ristiyan ahlak\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zge\u00e7ili, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131, sar\u0131 giysili propagandac\u0131lar\u0131, parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 yakarcas\u0131na \u015famdanlar\u0131 tutacaklar ve Galyal\u0131 kad\u0131nlarla, etler, meyveler ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle dopdolu masalarda, a\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131na ya\u015fayacak ve dolup ta\u015fan f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda susuzluktan \u00f6leceklerdir. Y\u0131lda d\u00f6rt kez, mevsim de\u011fi\u015fimlerinde, bileyici k\u00f6pekleri gibi onlar da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7arklar\u0131n i\u00e7ine sokulacak ve on saat boyunca bo\u015fu bo\u015funa \u00e7ark\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye mahk\u00fbm edileceklerdir.
Avukatlarla hukuk\u00e7ular da ayn\u0131 cezaya \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lacaklard\u0131r.
Tembellik rejiminde, bizi her saniye yok eden zaman\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in, s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6steriler ve tiyatro oyunlar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r: bu, bizim kentsoylu anayasac\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in cuk oturmu\u015f bir u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131r.
Tak\u0131mlar halinde d\u00fczene konup panay\u0131rlar\u0131 ve k\u00f6yleri dola\u015ft\u0131rarak yasama temsilleri verdirilecektir onlara. Ayaklar\u0131 \u00e7izmeli, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleri kordonlar, \u015f\u00f6valye ni\u015fanlar\u0131, legion d’honneur ha\u00e7lar\u0131yla s\u00fcsl\u00fc generaller, sokaklara, alanlara d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp iyi insanlar\u0131 askere alacaklard\u0131r. Gambetta ve o dalavere orta\u011f\u0131 Cassagnac kap\u0131 \u015farlatanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapacaklard\u0131r. Cassagnac, yi\u011fit tasla\u011f\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, g\u00f6zlerini f\u0131ld\u0131r f\u0131ld\u0131r oynat\u0131p b\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bura bura, a\u011fz\u0131ndan alevli \u00fcst\u00fcp\u00fcler sa\u00e7arak, babas\u0131n\u0131n tabancas\u0131yla herkesi y\u0131ld\u0131racak ama, kendisine Lullier’in portresi g\u00f6sterilince bir \u00e7ukura atlay\u0131p ortadan kaybolacakt\u0131r. Gambetta, d\u0131\u015f politika ve kendini etkileyen ve T\u00fcrkiye’yi tongaya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in Avrupa’y\u0131 ate\u015fe verecek olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Yunanistan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck Rusya \u00fczerine de s\u00f6ylevler \u00e7ekecek. O Rusya ki, Prusya ile yapmaya s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi uyu\u015fmay\u0131 hi\u00e7e indirmekte, Do\u011fu’da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, i\u00e7eride nihilizmi yok etmek amac\u0131yla Avrupa’n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda her g\u00fcn h\u0131r g\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ummaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, genel afla ilgili konu\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermek l\u00fctfunda bulunan Bay Bismarck \u00fczerine de s\u00f6ylevler verecek, sonra da, \u00fc\u00e7 renge boyal\u0131 o geni\u015f g\u00f6be\u011fini cascavlak a\u00e7\u0131p tepikleye tepikleye halk\u0131 toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racak, tar\u0131m\u0131 desteklemek ve Belleville’de se\u00e7menlerini sevindirmek i\u00e7in de, Margaux ve Yquem’de mideye indirdi\u011fi minik hayvanlar\u0131, yelveku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, mantarlar\u0131 bir bir sayacak.
Baraka i\u00e7inde, “Se\u00e7im G\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc” ile ba\u015flanacakt\u0131r i\u015fe. Odun kafal\u0131 ve e\u015fek kulakl\u0131 se\u00e7menler, palya\u00e7o k\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kentsoylu adaylar\u0131, politik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler dans\u0131n\u0131 oynayacaklar; y\u00fczlerini ve k\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 binbir s\u00f6z verilen se\u00e7im programlar\u0131yla silecek, g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7inde halk\u0131n yoksullu\u011fundan ve bak\u0131rs\u0131 sesleriyle Fransa’n\u0131n zaferlerinden s\u00f6z edeceklerdir. Se\u00e7menlerin kafalar\u0131 da, koro olarak ve varg\u00fc\u00e7leriyle “ahi, ahi!..” diye an\u0131racaklard\u0131r.
Sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck oyun ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. “Ulus Mallar\u0131n\u0131n Ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 Oyunu”.
Y\u00fcz\u00fc k\u0131ll\u0131, kafas\u0131 dazlak, y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f, eti p\u00f6rs\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, \u015fi\u015f ve solgun, g\u00f6zleri fersiz, uykulu ve esneyeduran koskoca bir di\u015fi olan Fransa, boylu boyunca kadife bir kanepeye uzanm\u0131\u015f. Ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n ucunda, maymun maskeli, koskoca demir bir g\u00f6vde, ac\u0131l\u0131 ve y\u00fcrek paralay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tutan erkek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 habire yutmakta, robot\u00e7as\u0131na. Sansar burunlu, s\u0131rtlan g\u00f6vdeli ve canavar pen\u00e7eli banka, y\u00fczer meteliklerini ka\u015fla g\u00f6z aras\u0131nda \u00e7almakta ceplerinden. Bir deri bir kemik kalm\u0131\u015f, partallar i\u00e7indeki a\u00e7 susuz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u00fcr\u00fcleri, s\u00fcng\u00fc takm\u0131\u015f jandarmalar e\u015fli\u011finde kapitalist Fransa’n\u0131n aya\u011f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yorlar k\u00fcme k\u00fcme mallar\u0131, \u015farap f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, alt\u0131n ve bu\u011fday \u00e7uvallar\u0131n\u0131. Langlois, bir elinde k\u00fclotu, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcnde Proudhon’un vasiyeti, b\u00fct\u00e7e defteri di\u015fleri aras\u0131nda, ulus mallar\u0131n\u0131n savunucular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ip n\u00f6bet tutmaktad\u0131r sopa ve s\u00fcng\u00fc zoruyla. Y\u00fckler yerli yerine konunca, i\u015f\u00e7ilerini kovduruyor, kap\u0131lar\u0131 sanayicilere, t\u00fcccarlara ve bankac\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131yorlar.
Karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131\u011f\u0131na at\u0131l\u0131yorlar, pamuklar\u0131, bu\u011fday \u00e7uvallar\u0131n\u0131, alt\u0131n k\u00fcl\u00e7elerini yutup, f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131yorlar; g\u00fc\u00e7leri kesilince, kir pas i\u00e7inde, i\u011fren\u00e7 ve tiksin\u00e7, kendi \u00e7\u00f6pleri ve kusmuklar\u0131 i\u00e7ine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcyorlar; o zaman g\u00f6k g\u00fcrl\u00fcyor, yery\u00fcz\u00fc sars\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor, tarihsel yazg\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ortaya; demir aya\u011f\u0131yla h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131ranlar\u0131n, sendeleyenlerin, d\u00fc\u015fenlerin, art\u0131k ka\u00e7amayanlar\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131 eziyor ve geni\u015f eliyle, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n ve korkudan terler d\u00f6ken kapitalist Fransa’y\u0131 deviriyor. E\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kendine egemen olan ve \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc al\u00e7altan kusuru s\u00f6k\u00fcp atarak o korkun\u00e7 g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ayaklan\u0131r ve bunu kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmayan “\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131”n\u0131, “Yoksulluk Hakk\u0131”ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmayan “\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hakk\u0131”n\u0131 istemek i\u00e7in de\u011fil de, her insana g\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 saatten fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklayan \u00e7elik gibi b\u00fck\u00fclmez bir yasa koymak i\u00e7in yaparsa, d\u00fcnya, ya\u015fl\u0131 d\u00fcnya sevin\u00e7ten titreye titreye, i\u00e7inde yeni bir evrenin z\u0131plad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyacakt\u0131r… Ama, kapitalist ahlak\u0131n yoldan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan, mert\u00e7e bir karar nas\u0131l istenebilir?
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i erkek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar, y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r, binbir zahmetle ac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arm\u0131hl\u0131 tepesine t\u0131rmanmakta. Eski\u00e7a\u011f k\u00f6leli\u011finin haz\u0131r ve canl\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi \u0130sa gibi. Y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r, zor alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, kemiklerini k\u0131rmakta, etlerini \u00f6rselemekte, sinirlerini k\u0131rba\u00e7lamakta. Y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r a\u00e7l\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n\u0131 burmakta, beyinlerini sanr\u0131lara salmakta…
Ey tembellik, uzun s\u00fcren sefilli\u011fimize ac\u0131! Ey sanatlar\u0131n ve soylu erdemlerin anas\u0131 tembellik, insan kayg\u0131lar\u0131na merhem ol!<\/p>\n
EK
Bizim ahlak\u00e7\u0131lar pek al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcd\u00fcrler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma dogmas\u0131n\u0131 icat etmi\u015fler ama, ruhu dinginle\u015ftirmek, akl\u0131 ne\u015felendirmek, b\u00f6breklerle \u00f6b\u00fcr organlar\u0131n iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktaki etkinli\u011finden ku\u015fku duyuyorlar. Onu, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamak ve yetkilendirmekle g\u00f6revli olduklar\u0131 kapitalistlere y\u00f6neltmeden \u00f6nce, de\u011fersiz deney hayvan\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde, yani halk \u00fcst\u00fcnde denemek istiyorlar.
Ama, siz d\u00fczinesi be\u015f para etmez filozoflar! Uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 efendilerinize sal\u0131k verme cesaretini g\u00f6steremedi\u011finiz bir ahlak olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in neden kafa patlat\u0131yorsunuz? Onca \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma dogman\u0131z\u0131n alaya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131nand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek ister misiniz?
Eski\u00e7a\u011f uluslar\u0131n\u0131n tarihine, filozoflar\u0131yla hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131na bir bakal\u0131m:
Tarihin babas\u0131 Herodotos \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: “Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131 duyduklar\u0131 tiksintinin M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lardan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyemem. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayn\u0131 tiksintiye, Trakyal\u0131lar, \u0130skitler, Persler ve Lidyal\u0131larda da rasl\u0131yorum; k\u0131sacas\u0131, barbarlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda, mekanik sanatlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenenlere ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ikinci derecede yurtta\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r… B\u00fct\u00fcn Yunanl\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle Lakedemonyal\u0131lar, bu ilkelerle yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir…”
“Atina’da, yurtta\u015flar, t\u0131pk\u0131 atalar\u0131 vah\u015fi sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar gibi, yaln\u0131zca toplumun savunmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimiyle u\u011fra\u015fan ger\u00e7ek soylu ki\u015filerdi. Kafa ve beden g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle durmadan Cumhuriyetin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek zorunda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fleri, k\u00f6lelerin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fckl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Lakedemonya’da da, soyluluklar\u0131na toz kondurmamak i\u00e7in, ne iplik b\u00fcker, ne de \u00f6rg\u00fc \u00f6rerlerdi.”
“Romal\u0131lar, yaln\u0131zca soylu ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr iki meslek bilirlerdi: Tar\u0131m ve askerlik. B\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta\u015flar, ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, yasal olarak k\u00f6lelere \u00f6zg\u00fc hi\u00e7bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k i\u015f (meslekleri b\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar) yapmak zorunda kalm\u0131yorlard\u0131. Devlet hazinesinden yararlan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Brutus (ya\u015fl\u0131), halk\u0131 ayakland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle tiran Tarquinius’u, zanaat\u00e7\u0131larla duvarc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr yurtta\u015f yapmakla su\u00e7lad\u0131.”
Eski \u00e7a\u011f filozoflar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin k\u00f6keni \u00fcst\u00fcnde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ama, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan tiksinme konusunda anla\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.
Platon, “Devlet” adl\u0131 \u00f6rnek al\u0131nacak toplumsal \u00fctopyas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:
“Do\u011fa, ne kundurac\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ne de demirci. Bu t\u00fcr u\u011fra\u015flar, onlar\u0131 uygulayan insanlar\u0131, o a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fccretlileri, durumlar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla siyasal haklar\u0131 olmayan ads\u0131z sefilleri al\u00e7altmaktad\u0131r. Yalan s\u00f6ylemeye ve aldatmaya al\u0131\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcccarlara gelince, onlara kentte ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck olarak katlan\u0131labilir ancak. D\u00fckk\u00e2n ticaretiyle al\u00e7alan yurtta\u015f, bu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in kovu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r. Su\u00e7u belli olursa bir y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Su\u00e7un her yineleni\u015finde ceza iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r…”
Ksenophon, “Oikonomikos” adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: “Kendilerini kol i\u015flerine adayanlar, hi\u00e7bir zaman Devlet g\u00f6revlerine getirilemeyeceklerdir, bu da yerinde bir \u015feydir. \u00c7o\u011fu, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn oturmaya, kimileri de s\u00fcrekli ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye mahk\u00fbm olan bu insanlar\u0131n bedenleri ister istemez bozulacak, ruhlar\u0131 da bundan etkilenecektir.”
“Bir d\u00fckk\u00e2ndan y\u00fcz a\u011fart\u0131c\u0131 ne \u00e7\u0131kabilir,” diyor Cicero ve ekliyor: “ticaret ne \u00fcretebilir namusuyla? D\u00fckk\u00e2n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir insana yara\u015fmaz (…) t\u00fcccarlar, yalan s\u00f6ylemeden kazan\u00e7 elde edemezler, oysa yalandan daha utan\u00e7 verici ne vard\u0131r! \u00d6yleyse, emeklerine ve zanaatlar\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k bir \u015fey g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakabiliriz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, her kim ki eme\u011fini para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verirse, kendini satm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00f6le durumuna d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olur.”
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma dogmas\u0131n\u0131n aptalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler! K\u0131skan\u00e7 bir \u00f6zenle sizden uzak tutulan bu filozoflara kulak verin: Eme\u011fini para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sunan bir yurtta\u015f k\u00f6le durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp al\u00e7al\u0131r, y\u0131llar boyu hapisleri hak eden bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f olur.
H\u0131ristiyan ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kapitalist yararc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu Eski\u00e7a\u011f cumhuriyetlerinin filozoflar\u0131n\u0131 yozla\u015ft\u0131ramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcr insanlara seslenirken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini dile getiriyorlard\u0131 onlar i\u00e7tenlikle. Counsinlerimizin, Carolar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, Simonlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u0131rna\u011f\u0131 bile olamad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Platon ve Aristoteles, ideal devlet yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015f zaman i\u00e7inde ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyorlard\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ksenophon’a g\u00f6re “\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma b\u00fct\u00fcn zaman\u0131 al\u0131r ve onunla birlikte Devlet’e ve dostlar\u0131na hi\u00e7 bo\u015f zaman kalmaz.” Plutarkhos’a g\u00f6re de, soyunun hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Lykurgos’un “insanlar\u0131n en bilgesi” say\u0131lmas\u0131, herhangi bir mesle\u011fi yasaklayarak Devlet’in yurtta\u015flar\u0131na bo\u015f zaman sa\u011flamas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yordu.
Bastiatlar, Dupanloup, Beaulieu, H\u0131ristiyan ve kapitalist ahlak\u00e7\u0131 tak\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yan\u0131t verecektir: “iyi, g\u00fczel ama, d\u00f6nemlerinin ekonomik ve politik ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, nas\u0131l ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc olabilirdi bu?”
Eski\u00e7a\u011f toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n normal durumu buydu. \u00d6zg\u00fcr insan, zaman\u0131n\u0131 Devlet i\u015flerini tart\u0131\u015fmak ve savunmas\u0131n\u0131 kollamakla ge\u00e7irmek zorundayd\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde meslekler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n askerlik ve yurtta\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revlerini yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar ilkel ve kabayd\u0131. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve yurtta\u015f edinmek i\u00e7in filozoflarla yasa koyucular, s\u00f6ylenceye mal olmu\u015f devletlerde k\u00f6lelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6rmek zorundayd\u0131lar.
Ama kapitalizmin ahlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve ekonomicileri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn k\u00f6leli\u011fi olan i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi sal\u0131k vermiyorlar m\u0131? Kapitalist k\u00f6lelik, kimlere bo\u015f zaman sa\u011fl\u0131yor? K\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve u\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6lesi olan yarars\u0131z ve zararl\u0131 Rosthschildlere, Schneiderlere ve Madonna Boucicautlara.
“K\u00f6lelik \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 Pythagoras’\u0131n ve Aristoteles’in ruhuna egemendi” diye yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyerek.
Ama bununla birlikte Aristoteles \u015funu \u00f6nceden g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: “Daidalosa’n\u0131n ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n (yontular) kendili\u011finden devinebildi\u011fi ve Vulcanus’un sacayaklar\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011finden kutsal i\u015fine koyulabildi\u011fi gibi, e\u011fer her ara\u00e7, hi\u00e7bir uyar\u0131 olmadan ya da kendili\u011finden g\u00f6revini yerine getirebilseydi; e\u011fer, \u00f6rne\u011fin dokumac\u0131lar\u0131n mekikleri kendili\u011finden dokuyabilseydi, i\u015flik \u015fefinin art\u0131k yard\u0131mc\u0131lara, efendinin de k\u00f6lelere gereksinimi olmazd\u0131.” Aristoteles’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, bizim ger\u00e7e\u011fimizdir. Ate\u015f soluklu, \u00e7elik par\u00e7al\u0131, yorulmaz, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc verimli, t\u00fckenmek bilmeyen makinelerimiz, kutsal g\u00f6revlerini uslu ak\u0131ll\u0131 yerine getiriyorlar kendiliklerinden. Ama, bununla birlikte kapitalizmin b\u00fcy\u00fck filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n dehas\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc olan i\u015f\u00e7ilik \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde kalmaktad\u0131r.
H\u00e2l\u00e2 anlam\u0131yorlar makinenin insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu; insan\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00fccretli i\u015flerden kurtaracak olan, azat eden, bo\u015f zaman ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck veren Tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu.<\/p>\n
PAUL LAFARGUE<\/strong><\/p>\n Paul Lafargue (1842-1911); Frans\u0131z uyruklu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve eylem adam\u0131. K\u00fcba’n\u0131n Santiago kentinde do\u011fdu. Dokuz ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ailesiyle birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Fransa’da T\u0131p Akademisi’ne yaz\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcniversitede, kralc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 giderek geni\u015fleyen gen\u00e7lik devinimine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Yine ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yo\u011fun bir okuma u\u011fra\u015f\u0131na dald\u0131. Hegel’den Feuerbach’a, Fourier’den Comte’a kadar pek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 okumas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Proudhon’dan etkilendi.<\/p>\n 1865’te Marx’la tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fczerindeki Proudhon etkisinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc oldu. Marx “yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131, zeki, enerjik ve sportif” buldu\u011fu bu gencin, k\u0131z\u0131 Laura’yla evlenerek aileye kat\u0131lmas\u0131na da izin verdi.<\/p>\n Siyasal etkinlikleri nedeniyle Akademi’den uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, \u00f6\u011frenimini Londra’da tamamlad\u0131 ve kar\u0131s\u0131 Laura’yla birlikte yeniden Paris’e d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Art arda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011funu da yitirmesi \u00fczerine t\u0131ptan so\u011fudu; kendini t\u00fcm\u00fcyle sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve eyleme adamaya karar verdi. Frans\u0131z Sosyalist Partisi’nin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i devinimlerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine yaz\u0131lar\u0131yla katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda kar\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, beden ve zihin g\u00fc\u00e7lerini azar azar kemirdi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek istemeyen Lafargue, yetmi\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmamak \u00fczere kendine verdi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc tutmu\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n \u00c7ev: Vedat G\u00fcnyol YEN\u0130 M\u00dcZ\u0130\u011eE YEN\u0130 SES E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini azaltarak toplumsal \u00fcretime yeni makine g\u00fc\u00e7leri kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorsa, i\u015f\u00e7ileri, \u00fcrettikleri mallar\u0131 t\u00fcketmeye zorlayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015f ordusu kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. O zaman, evrensel t\u00fcketimci g\u00f6revinden kurtulmu\u015f olan kentsoylu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, t\u00fcketmede ve savurganl\u0131kta kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmalar\u0131 amac\u0131yla, yararl\u0131 u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131ndan kopar\u0131p ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 asker, yarg\u0131\u00e7, berber, pezevenk vb. g\u00fcruhunu bir an \u00f6nce ba\u015f\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4839","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-felsefe-genel"},"yoast_head":"\n
Tembellik Hakk\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"