Sophia Magdalena Scholl, 9 May\u0131s 1921\u2019de Almanya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunan Forchtenberg kentinde d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Sakin bir \u00e7ocukluk ge\u00e7iren Sophie, karde\u015fleri ile birlikte ailesi taraf\u0131ndan H\u0131ristiyan de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilir. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ludwigsburg\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nan aile, 2 sene sonra da baba Robert Scholl\u2019un vergi dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ofisini a\u00e7mak istedi\u011fi Ulm kentine ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
Sophie, kendisinden iki ya\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck abisi Hans gibi bu y\u0131llarda Hitler liderli\u011findeki Naziler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan birlik propagandas\u0131na inan\u0131r ve 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda hen\u00fcz 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Hitler Gen\u00e7li\u011fi\u2019ne kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yine Naziler\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cAlman K\u0131zlar Birli\u011fi\u201dne al\u0131n\u0131r. Birlikteki k\u0131zlar, erkekler gibi cesaretlerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in deneyler yaparlar, Sophie de bunlara kat\u0131l\u0131r. Hatta Hitler Gen\u00e7li\u011fi\u2019ndeki y\u0131llar\u0131nda erkekleri taklit eder, sa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 kestirir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130mparatorluk\u201d olarak tabir edilen Nazi rejiminin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ile birlikte, o d\u00f6nem olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olarak gen\u00e7lik birlikleri tasfiye edilip, Hitler Gen\u00e7li\u011fi\u2019ne dahil edilir. Rejim ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gen\u00e7lik birliklerine izin vermez. \u201cdj.1.11.\u201d isimli gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ise ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kta \u0131srar edince yasaklan\u0131r. 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda abisi Hans ile \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn grup etkinliklerine kat\u0131l\u0131r. Hans ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kesmeyince Scholl karde\u015flerinin t\u00fcm\u00fc birka\u00e7 saatli\u011fine g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r. Sophie 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken bir dans etkinli\u011finde subay e\u011fitimi alan Fritz Hartnagel ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130ki gen\u00e7 bir\u00e7ok noktada ayr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, birbirine a\u015f\u0131k olurlar. 1939 yaz\u0131nda Kuzey Almanya\u2019da birlikte tatil yaparlar. Ayn\u0131 sene rejim ile ilk \u00e7eli\u015fkileri ya\u015far. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 start\u0131n\u0131 veren Polonya i\u015fgali gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlerinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olur ve gittik\u00e7e rejimden uzakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
O y\u0131llarda \u00fcniversitede okuyabilmek i\u00e7in \u201c\u0130mparatorluk \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hizmeti\u201dnde bulunmak gerekiyordu. Sophie, bu hizmeti yapmamak i\u00e7in 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda anaokul \u00f6\u011fretmen meslek e\u011fitimine ba\u015flar. Ancak buna ra\u011fmen 6 ay \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hizmeti ile sava\u015f yard\u0131m hizmeti yapmas\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hizmetini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 1941 ilkbahar\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan filozof Augustinus\u2019un eserlerini okur. Bu nedenle di\u011fer k\u0131zlar kendisiyle alay eder. Augustinus\u2019un yaz\u0131lar\u0131 ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 kendisini \u00e7ok etkiler, gittik\u00e7e rejimi reddeder.<\/p>\n
Sophie, 1942 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda \u00fcniversite kayd\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in M\u00fcnih\u2019e gider. Burada biyoloji ve felsefe okumaya ba\u015flayan Sophie, Haziran ay\u0131nda do\u011fu cephesinde g\u00f6revlendirilen sevgilisinden kendisini sarsacak olan bir mektup al\u0131r: \u201cKomutan\u0131m\u0131n sinik bir duygusuzluk ile i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f Rusya\u2019da bulunan Yahudiler\u2019in t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn katliamdan ge\u00e7irildi\u011fini anlatmas\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n adaletinden emin olmas\u0131 korkun\u00e7tur.\u201d Daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine kadar mesle\u011fi ile mutlu olan gen\u00e7 subay, A\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektubunda y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 terfisini \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle yorumlar: \u201cS\u0131rt\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011fim bir sisteme bir basamak daha dahil edildim.\u201d Sophie, sava\u015f s\u00fcresi boyunca s\u00f6mestre tatillerinde Ulm\u2019de bir silah fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tam \u00fcniversiteye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, 1939\u2019dan beri ayn\u0131 \u00fcniversitede t\u0131p e\u011fitimi alan abisi Hans bir arkada\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte halk\u0131 Hitler rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 bildiriler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. Hans ile arkada\u015f\u0131, \u201cBeyaz G\u00fcl\u201d imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bildirileri \u00f6zellikle ayd\u0131nlara g\u00f6nderirler. Hans, k\u0131zkarde\u015fini tehlikeye atmamak i\u00e7in bu faaliyetlerinden bahsetmez. Ancak Sophie abisi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla rejim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve sonu\u00e7ta abisinin gizli faaliyetlerini \u00f6\u011frenir. 1942 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda kendisi de \u00f6rg\u00fcte kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Ulm\u2019de belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan babas\u0131, Hitler\u2019i \u201ctanr\u0131n\u0131n bir belas\u0131\u201d olarak isimlendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in 4 ayl\u0131k hapis cezas\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sophie, ilk olarak 1943 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda bildiri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. \u201cBeyaz G\u00fcl\u201d \u00fcyeleri haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 bildirileri mektup yoluyla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlar, telefon kul\u00fcbelerine veya park edilmi\u015f arabalara b\u0131rak\u0131rlar, ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerdeki \u00fcniversitelerde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u00f6\u011frencilere verirler. Ayn\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde sevgilisi Fritz Stalingrad da a\u011f\u0131r yaralan\u0131r. Bunu bilen Sophie, 25 Ocak\u2019ta trenle Augsburg\u2019a gider ve gruba ait 5\u2019inci bildiriyi burada mektup yoluyla 250 ki\u015fiye g\u00f6nderir. \u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra da Stuttgart\u2019tan 600\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n bildiriyi postalar.<\/p>\n
Grup \u00fcyeleri gittik\u00e7e daha cesur hareket ederler, \u201cKahrolsun Hitler\u201d, \u201cKatliamc\u0131 Hitler\u201d ve \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d gibi sloganlar\u0131 duvarlara yazarlar. Grubun 6\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 bildirisi, daha sonra idam edilecek profes\u00f6r Kurt Huber taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131n\u0131r. Bildiride \u015fu c\u00fcmlelere yer verilir: \u201cHer t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin gaddarca t\u0131kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir devlette b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck. HJ (Hitler Gen\u00e7li\u011fi), SA ve SS (Hitler rejiminin paramiliter \u00f6rg\u00fctleri) hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en verimli e\u011fitim y\u0131llar\u0131nda bizi \u00fcniformala\u015ft\u0131rmaya, k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye, uyu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Y\u00fckselen \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr de\u011ferlendirme bo\u015f c\u00fcmlelerden olu\u015fan bir sis perdesinde bo\u011fulmak istendi, bu al\u00e7ak y\u00f6nteme \u2018d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc e\u011fitimi\u2019 denildi. Daha \u015feytanca ve ayn\u0131 zamanda daha dar kafal\u0131 olamayacak bir lider eliti, ard\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 imans\u0131z, utanmaz ve vicdans\u0131z istismarc\u0131 ve caniler olarak yeti\u015ftiriyorlar, k\u00f6r ediyorlar. Alman halk\u0131 ne yap\u0131yor? Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey duymuyor. Hitler\u2019in pe\u015finde k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne u\u00e7uruma gidiyor… Almanlar! Biz herkesin nefret etti\u011fi ve insanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplum mu olaca\u011f\u0131z hep? Hay\u0131r!… Y\u00fcre\u011finizdeki kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc y\u0131rt\u0131n! Nasyonal sosyalist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler insanl\u0131\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r! Her birey bu kader vaktinde elinden geldi\u011fince kendini savunmal\u0131 ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u0131rbac\u0131na, fa\u015fizme ve mutlakiyet\u00e7i devleti and\u0131ran her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bildirilerin t\u00fcm\u00fc mektup yoluyla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmay\u0131nca, geri kalanlar\u0131n \u00fcniversitede da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. Sophie ile abisi Hans da 18 \u015eubat\u2019ta bir valiz dolu bildiri ile \u00fcniversiteye giderler. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, Hitler\u2019in propaganda bakan\u0131 Joseph Goebbels \u201ctopyek\u00fcn sava\u015f\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapar. Scholl karde\u015fleri bin 700 bildiriyi merdiven basamaklar\u0131na ve pencerelerin \u00f6n\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131rlar, Sophie de bir avu\u00e7 kadar al\u0131p ikinci kattan \u00fcniversite giri\u015f alan\u0131na atar. Saat 11:00\u2019e do\u011fru SA\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kap\u0131c\u0131 Jakob Schmied taraf\u0131ndan yakalan\u0131p, Nazi olan rekt\u00f6r Walter W\u00fcst\u2019e teslim edilirler. Saatlerce \u00fcniversite hukuk dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 ve rekt\u00f6r\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan sorgulanan Sophie ile Hans, ard\u0131ndan Alman gizli servisi Gestapo\u2019ya verilirler. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u201cBeyaz G\u00fcl\u201de \u00fcye olan di\u011fer gen\u00e7ler de tutuklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcnih Gestapo merkezinde \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca sorgulanan Sophie, eylemin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kendisi ve abisi taraf\u0131ndan planlan\u0131p, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek, arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130fadesinde \u015fu s\u00f6zleri kullan\u0131r: \u201cSava\u015f\u0131n Almanya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kaybedildi\u011fine ve kaybedilmi\u015f bu sava\u015f i\u00e7in feda edilen her bir can\u0131n bo\u015funa harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yoruz. \u00d6zellikle Stalingrad\u2019daki kay\u0131plar bizi, bo\u015funa d\u00f6k\u00fclen kan\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u015feyler yapmaya y\u00f6neltti.\u201d Sorgunun sonunda \u015funu der: \u201c\u015eu an halk\u0131m i\u00e7in yapabilece\u011fim en iyi \u015feyi yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fuma hala inan\u0131yorum. Bundan dolay\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131mdan pi\u015fman de\u011filim ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131mdan do\u011fan sonu\u00e7lara katlanmaya haz\u0131r\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n
22 \u015eubat\u2019ta M\u00fcnih\u2019te mahkemeleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Halk Mahkeme Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Roland Freisler, s\u0131rf Sophie, Hans ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u00f6\u011frenciyi idama mahkum etmek i\u00e7in M\u00fcnih\u2019e gelir. Vatana ihanetle su\u00e7lanan Sophie\u2019nin Ulm\u2019den gelen ailesi yarg\u0131\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan mahkeme salonundan at\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130dam cezas\u0131 alan 22 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n, cezas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131ndan sonra mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne bak\u0131p, \u201cBir daha ya\u015fasayd\u0131m, tekrar ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapard\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip olan ben de\u011fil, sizsiniz\u201d der. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn saat 17:00 sular\u0131nda giyotinde idam edilir. 20 Nisan 1945\u2019e kadar \u201cBeyaz G\u00fcl\u201d ile ilgili toplam 8 dava g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Aktivistlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 idam edilirken, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Nazi kamplar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sophia Magdalena Scholl, 9 May\u0131s 1921\u2019de Almanya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunan Forchtenberg kentinde d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Sakin bir \u00e7ocukluk ge\u00e7iren Sophie, karde\u015fleri ile birlikte ailesi taraf\u0131ndan H\u0131ristiyan de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilir. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ludwigsburg\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nan aile, 2 sene sonra da baba Robert Scholl\u2019un vergi dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ofisini a\u00e7mak istedi\u011fi Ulm kentine ge\u00e7er. Sophie, kendisinden iki ya\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck abisi Hans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-kadin-a-dair"],"yoast_head":"\n