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IIKar\u015f\u0131-devrimci komplonun yolu \u00fczerindeki tek ciddi engel, silahlanm\u0131\u015f Paris idi. \u00d6yleyse Paris’i silahs\u0131zland\u0131rmak gerekiyordu! Bu nokta \u00fczerinde, Bordeaux Meclisi i\u00e7tenli\u011fin ta kendisi idi. E\u011fer bu meclis k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmalar\u0131 bunu anlatmak i\u00e7in yeterli olmasayd\u0131, Paris’in Thiers taraf\u0131ndan triumviran\u0131n aral\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Vinoy, bonapart\u00e7\u0131 jandarma Valentin, ve cizvit general d’Aurelle de Paladines sevecen \u00f6zeni\u015fine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 bir ku\u015fku g\u00f6lgesi bile b\u0131rakmazd\u0131. Paris’in silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ere\u011fini sayg\u0131s\u0131zca il\u00e2n etmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n, komplocular yalanlar\u0131n en apa\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, en y\u00fczs\u00fcz\u00fc olan bir bahane ile ondan silahlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmesini istediler. Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131n toplar\u0131, diyordu Thiers, devlete aittir ve devlete geri verilmelidir. Ger\u00e7ek ise, \u015fu; daha Bismarck’\u0131n tutsaklar\u0131n\u0131n ona Fransa’y\u0131 teslim ettikleri, ama ba\u015fkente boyune\u011fdirme kesin niyeti ile kendilerine kalabal\u0131k bir muhaf\u0131z birli\u011fi ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 teslim \u015fartla\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Paris tetikte idi. Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi ve ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, eski bonapart\u00e7\u0131 kurulu\u015fun baz\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, birli\u011fin t\u00fcm\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir Merkez Komiteye verdi. Prusyal\u0131lar\u0131n Paris’e giri\u015flerinin \u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fc, Merkez Komite, korkaklar taraf\u0131ndan Prusyal\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fgal edecekleri mahalleler ve dolaylar\u0131nda kahpece y\u00fcz\u00fcst\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan top ve makineli t\u00fcfeklerin Montmartre, Belleville ve La Villette’e ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu toplar, Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131n toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralar ile al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 28 Ocak teslim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde resmen Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ve bu nitelikle, h\u00fck\u00fcmete ait silahlar\u0131n yenenin ellerine genel tesliminden ayr\u0131k tutulmu\u015ftu. Ve Thiers, Paris’e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in, ne denli hafif olursa olsun, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bahaneden \u00f6ylesine yoksun bulunuyordu ki apa\u00e7\u0131k bir yalana ba\u015fvurma zorunda kald\u0131: Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131n toplar\u0131 devletin mal\u0131 imi\u015f.
Toplar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 elbette Paris’in ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 4 Eyl\u00fcl devriminin genel silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmayacakt\u0131. Ama bu devrim Fransa’n\u0131n yasal rejimi durumuna gelmi\u015fti. Bu devrimin yap\u0131t\u0131 olan cumhuriyet, yenenler taraf\u0131ndan teslim \u015fartla\u015fmas\u0131nda bile (sayfa: 252) tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Teslim \u015fartla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra, cumhuriyet b\u00fct\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 devletler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve Ulusal Meclis onun ad\u0131na toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bordeaux’da toplanan Ulusal Meclisin, ve onun y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn tek yasal g\u00f6rev san\u0131, Paris emek\u00e7ilerinin 4 Eyl\u00fcl devrimi idi. 4 Eyl\u00fcl olmasayd\u0131, Ulusal Meclis yerini hemen, 1869’da bir Prusya rejimi alt\u0131nda de\u011fil, bir Frans\u0131z rejimi alt\u0131nda genel oy arac\u0131yla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, ve devrim taraf\u0131ndan zorla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan yasama meclisine b\u0131rakma zorunda kal\u0131rd\u0131. Thiers ve “sal\u0131verilmi\u015f” adamlar\u0131, Louis Bonaparte’tan onlar\u0131 bir Cayenne [164] yolculu\u011fundan kurtaran izin belgeleri koparmak i\u00e7in, onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda boyune\u011fme zorunda kal\u0131rlard\u0131. Ulusal Meclisin yetkileri, Prusya ile bar\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bir noterin yetkilerinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. O, ger\u00e7ek b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc her zaman silahlanm\u0131\u015f Paris, bu devrimi yapm\u0131\u015f bulunan Paris, onun i\u00e7in dayan\u0131lmaz a\u00e7l\u0131k ac\u0131lar\u0131 ile be\u015f ayl\u0131k bir ku\u015fatmaya katlanm\u0131\u015f, ve Trochu plan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, direnmesini uzatarak, bu direnmeyi ta\u015frada zorlu bir savunma sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temeli durumuna getirmi\u015f bulunan Paris olan bu devrimde, bir ara-olaydan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. Ve \u015fimdi Paris ya Bordeaux’nun ba\u015fkald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6le sahiplerinin onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kesin buyru\u011fu \u00fczerine silahlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim edecek ve kendi 4 Eyl\u00fcl Devriminin, Louis Bonaparte’\u0131n iktidar\u0131n\u0131n onun kralc\u0131 rakiplerine basit bir aktar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir anlama gelmedi\u011fini kabul edecek; ya da kendini, \u0130kinci \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu do\u011furmu\u015f, ve onun koruyucu vesayeti alt\u0131nda tam bir \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye de\u011fin olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunan siyasal ve toplumsal ko\u015fullar devrimci bir bi\u00e7imde alt\u00fcst edilmeksizin, kurtarmak ve canland\u0131rmak olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan Fransa’n\u0131n, ona canla ba\u015fla ba\u011fl\u0131 savunucusu olarak g\u00f6sterecekti. Be\u015f ayl\u0131k bir a\u00e7l\u0131k sonucu daha da g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczlenmi\u015f bulunan Paris, bir an bile duraksamad\u0131. Kendi kalelerinde, kendi \u00fczerine \u00e7evrilmi\u015f Prusya toplar\u0131n\u0131n tehdidine de\u011fin her \u015feye meydan okuyan Paris, kahramanca, Frans\u0131z komplocular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir direncin t\u00fcm tehlikelerini g\u00f6ze alma karar\u0131na vard\u0131. Gene de, Paris’in s\u00fcr\u00fcklenece\u011fi bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f korkusu i\u00e7inde, Merkez Komite, meclisin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131na, y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zorbal\u0131klar\u0131na ve birliklerin Paris ile dolaylar\u0131nda tehdit edici bir toplanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, (sayfa: 253) ayn\u0131 salt savunucu tutumunu korudu.
Demek ki, Vinoy’yi bir polis memurlar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve birka\u00e7 ordu alay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131n toplar\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131nla ele ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere, Montmartre’a kar\u015f\u0131 bir gece seferine g\u00f6ndererek, i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 Thiers ba\u015flatt\u0131. Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131n direnmesi ve ordunun halk ile karde\u015fle\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu giri\u015fimin nas\u0131l ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. D’Aurelle de Paladines, kendi zafer b\u00fcltenini \u00f6nceden bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Thiers kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmet darbesinin \u00f6nlemlerini a\u00e7\u0131klayan afi\u015fleri haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f bulunuyorlard\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yerini, Thiers’nin Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131 silahlar\u0131n\u0131n sahibi olarak b\u0131rakma yolundaki soylu karar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n almas\u0131 gerekti; Thiers, Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131n bu silahlar\u0131, ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet ile birle\u015fmek i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131na kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Thiers \u00e7evresinde bu birle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na, 300.000 Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131ndan, sadece 300’\u00fc yan\u0131t verdi. \u015eanl\u0131 18 Mart i\u015f\u00e7i devrimi, Paris \u00fczerindeki s\u00f6zg\u00f6t\u00fcrmez egemenli\u011fini kurdu. Merkez Komite, onun ge\u00e7ici h\u00fck\u00fcmeti oldu. Avrupa bir an i\u00e7in, siyaset ve sava\u015ftaki yeni ve heyecan uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir ger\u00e7eklik g\u00f6lgesine sahip bir \u015fey mi, yoksa hanidir ge\u00e7ip gitmi\u015f bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fin d\u00fc\u015fleri mi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi kendine sorar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc.
18 Marttan, Versailles birliklerinin Paris’e giri\u015fine de\u011fin, proleter devrim, devrimlerde ve hele “y\u00fcksek s\u0131n\u0131flar”\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131-devrimlerinde bol bol g\u00f6r\u00fclen zor eylemlerinden \u00f6ylesine ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131k kald\u0131 ki, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 \u00f6fkelerini kusmak i\u00e7in, general Lecomte ve general Cl\u00e9ment Thomas’n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri ile Vend\u00f4me alan\u0131 olay\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir konu bulamad\u0131lar.
Montmartre’a kar\u015f\u0131 gece sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131lan bonapart\u00e7\u0131 subaylardan biri olan general Lecomte, Pigalle alan\u0131nda, 81. ordu alay\u0131na silahs\u0131z siviller \u00fczerine d\u00f6rt kez ate\u015f etmesi buyru\u011funu vermi\u015f, ve erlerinin buyruklara uymamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, onlara s\u00f6v\u00fcp-saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kur\u015funlayacak yerde, kendi erleri onu kur\u015funlad\u0131lar. Erler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n okulunda kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunulan k\u00f6kle\u015fmi\u015f al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar, bu erler i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan yana ge\u00e7er ge\u00e7mez elbette de\u011fi\u015fmeyeceklerdir. Ayn\u0131 erler Cl\u00e9ment (sayfa: 254) Thomas’y\u0131 da \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler.
Eski bir k\u0131rg\u0131n astsubay olan “general” C1\u00e9ment Thomas, Louis-Philippe d\u00f6neminin son zamanlar\u0131nda, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7unu \u00fczerine alan kimse (g\u00e9rantresponsable)[18*] ve bu \u00e7ok kavgac\u0131 gazetenin g\u00f6revli d\u00fcellocusu ikili niteli\u011fi ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere, cumhuriyet\u00e7i le National [165] gazetesi yaz\u0131kuruluna girmi\u015fti. \u015eubat devriminden [166] sonra, iktidara ge\u00e7en National’ciler bu eski astsubay\u0131 generale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bu i\u015f, onun da Jules Favre gibi korkun\u00e7 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan ve en al\u00e7ak cellatlar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011fu haziran k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcnde oldu. Sonra, general san\u0131 da, kendisi de, 1 Kas\u0131m 1870 g\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere, uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca ortadan yokoldular. Bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, Belediye Dairesinde tutsak edilen savunma h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Blanqui, Flourens ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr temsilcilerine, zorla ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f bulundu\u011fu iktidar\u0131 Paris’te \u00f6zg\u00fcrce se\u00e7ilecek bir Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn elinde b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131na t\u00f6renle s\u00f6z vermi\u015fti. [167] [168] Sadece, b\u00f6ylesine bir and\u0131n\u0131 bozma ile ad\u0131n\u0131 kirletmek istemeyen general Tamisier, Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istifa etti ve, onun yerine, Cl\u00e9ment Thomas yeniden general oldu. B\u00fct\u00fcn komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca Prusyal\u0131lar ile de\u011fil, ama Paris Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131 ile sava\u015ft\u0131. Paris’in genel silahlanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi, burjuva taburlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i taburlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131, Trochu “plan”\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131t subaylar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve, lekeleyici korkakl\u0131k su\u00e7lamas\u0131 alt\u0131nda, kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fimdi en amans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bile hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken proleter taburlar\u0131 terhis etti. Cl\u00e9ment Thomas, 1848 Haziran\u0131nda Paris i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00fctbe \u015feritlerini yeniden kazanm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 duyuyordu. 18 Marttan birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, “Paris ayaktak\u0131m\u0131 se\u00e7kin tabakas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini bitirmek” i\u00e7in, sava\u015f bakan\u0131 Le Fl\u00f4’ya kendi kafas\u0131ndan bir plan sunuyordu. Vinoy’n\u0131n bozguna u\u011framas\u0131ndan sonra, m\u00fccadeleye espiyon niteli\u011fi ile giri\u015fmekten kendini alamad\u0131. Galles (sayfa: 255) prensesi, Londra’ya girdi\u011fi g\u00fcn kalabal\u0131kta ezilen insanlar\u0131n yazg\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar sorumlu ise, Merkez Komite ve Paris emek\u00e7ileri de Cl\u00e9ment Thomas ile Lecomte’un \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden tastamam o kadar sorumlu oldular.
Silahs\u0131z yurtta\u015flar\u0131n Vend\u00f4me alan\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri, bu yalan\u0131 yaymak i\u00e7in salt Avrupa gazetecili\u011fi u\u015fak tak\u0131m\u0131na g\u00fcvenerek, Bay Thiers ile k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin mecliste hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etmedikleri bir mittir. “D\u00fczenciler”, Paris gericileri, 18 Mart zaferinden tir tir titrediler. Bu onlar i\u00e7in ensonu gelen halk cezas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fareti idi. 1848 Haziran g\u00fcnlerinden 22 Ocak 1871 [169] g\u00fcn\u00fcne de\u011fin, buyruklar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bulunan kurbanlar\u0131n hayaletleri, kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda dikiliyorlard\u0131. Ter\u00f6rleri, tek cezalar\u0131 oldu. Hatta polisler bile (sergents de ville), yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lacak ve kilit alt\u0131na konacaklar\u0131 yerde, Versailles’da g\u00fcvenli\u011fe kavu\u015fmak \u00fczere Paris kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ard\u0131na kadar a\u00e7\u0131k buldular. D\u00fczenciler sadece itilip kak\u0131lmamakla kalmad\u0131lar, ama biraraya gelme ve Paris’in g\u00f6be\u011finde bile bir\u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konum i\u015fgal etme yetkisine de sahip oldular. Merkez Komitenin bu ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, silahl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin “d\u00fczen partisi”nin al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ile \u00f6ylesine ba\u011fda\u015fmaz bir durumda bulunan bu y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, “d\u00fczen partisi” taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z yere bir g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck duyusunun belirtisi olarak yorumland\u0131. Vinoy’n\u0131n toplar\u0131 ve mitrailleuses[19*] ile ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi, onun silahs\u0131z bir g\u00f6steri \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda yapmaya giri\u015fme yolundaki budalaca plan\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur. 22 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc, saflar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn petit crev\u00e9s[20*] ve ba\u015f\u0131nda da imparatorlu\u011fun al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fcleri, Haeckeren’ler Coetlogon’lar, Henry de P\u00e8ne’ler vb. bulunan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir “kibar tabaka” baylar\u0131 alay\u0131, kibar mahallelerden yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir g\u00f6steri \u00f6dlek bahanesi alt\u0131nda, ama gizlice \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc silahlar ta\u015f\u0131yan bir \u00e7ete, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f kolu bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlendi, yolu \u00fczerinde raslad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z n\u00f6bet\u00e7i ve devriyelerini h\u0131rpalay\u0131p silahs\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131, ve: “Kahrolsun Merkez Komite! Kahrolsun katiller! Ya\u015fas\u0131n Ulusal Meclis!” \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ile rue de la Paix’den (Bar\u0131\u015f soka\u011f\u0131) place Vend\u00f4me’a (Vend\u00f4me alan\u0131) \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7ete, n\u00f6bet bekleyen muhaf\u0131z kollar\u0131n\u0131 (sayfa: 256) zorlamaya ve onlar\u0131n koruduklar\u0131 Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131nla almaya kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tabanca at\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak, gerekli uyarmalarda bulunuldu, [170] ve bu uyarmalar\u0131n etkisiz kalmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z generali[21*] ate\u015f komutu verdi. Bir tek salvo, “sayg\u0131de\u011fer topluluk”lar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6sterili\u015finin, Paris devrimi \u00fczerinde, Ye\u015fu’nun borular\u0131n\u0131n Eriha kenti surlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde g\u00f6sterdikleri etkinin t\u0131pk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterece\u011fini uman al\u0131k delikanl\u0131lar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde darma duman etti. Ka\u00e7aklar arkalar\u0131nda iki \u00f6l\u00fc, dokuz a\u011f\u0131r yaral\u0131 (aralar\u0131nda bir de Merkez Komite \u00fcyesi[22*] ) Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z ile, “silahs\u0131z” g\u00f6sterilerinin “bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l” niteli\u011fini iyice tan\u0131tlayan, marifetlerinin sa\u011fa sola sa\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tabancalar, b\u0131\u00e7aklar ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7l\u0131 bastonlarla dolu t\u00fcm sahnesini b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131. Paris Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z\u0131, 13 Haziran 1849 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Frans\u0131z birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan Roma’ya yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n hainli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 protestoda bulunmak i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekten bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir g\u00f6steri d\u00fczenledi\u011fi zaman, o s\u0131rada d\u00fczen partisi generali olan Changarnier, birliklerini her yandan, onlar\u0131 vurmak ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irmek, ve atlar\u0131n\u0131n ayaklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011fnemek buyru\u011fu ile, bu silahs\u0131z insanlar \u00fczerine s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, Ulusal Meclis ve \u00f6zellikle Bay Thiers taraf\u0131ndan, toplumun kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak alk\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O zaman Paris s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Dufaure yeni bask\u0131 yasalar\u0131n\u0131 ivedilikle meclisten ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Yeni tutuklamalar olmu\u015f, yeni yasaklamalar konmu\u015f, yeni bir ter\u00f6r uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama “a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar” bu i\u015flerde ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc davran\u0131rlar. 1871 Merkez Komitesi, “bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6steri” kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcped\u00fcz bilmezlikten geldi, \u00f6yle ki, sadece iki g\u00fcn sonra, bunlar Versailles’a do\u011fru \u00fcnl\u00fc ka\u00e7an ka\u00e7anan\u0131n ta\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 o silah\u0131z g\u00f6steri i\u00e7in, amiral Saisset’in buyru\u011fu alt\u0131nda toplanacak duruma geldiler. Thiers taraf\u0131ndan Montmartre’a gece h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giri\u015fimi ile ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 kabul etmekte g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tiksinti y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Merkez Komite bu kez, o s\u0131ralarda adamak\u0131ll\u0131 savunmas\u0131z bir durumda bulunan Versailles \u00fczerine hemen y\u00fcr\u00fcmemek, ve b\u00f6ylece Thiers ile k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin komplolar\u0131na bir son vermemekle kesin bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yapt\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine, Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn (sayfa: 257) se\u00e7im g\u00fcn\u00fc olan 26 Martta, d\u00fczen partisinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bir de se\u00e7im sand\u0131klar\u0131nda denemesine izin verildi. O g\u00fcn, Paris mairie’lerinde[23*] d\u00fczen partisi \u00fcyeleri, i\u00e7lerinden onlar\u0131 uygun bir zaman ve uygun bir yerde temizleme and\u0131n\u0131 homurdanarak, \u00e7ok y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc yenginleri ile tatl\u0131 bar\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6zleri teati ettiler.
\u015eimdi madalyan\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcne bakin. Thiers nisan ba\u015flar\u0131nda Paris’e kar\u015f\u0131 ikinci kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Versailles’a getirilen ilk Parisli tutsaklar kafilesi, Ernest Picard, elleri ceplerinde, alay ederek onlar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde aylak aylak dola\u015f\u0131r, ve Bayan Thiers ile Bayan Favre, nedimelerinin ortas\u0131nda, balkonlar\u0131ndan Versayl\u0131 g\u00fcruhun al\u00e7akl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 alk\u0131\u015flarlarken, insan\u0131 \u00e7ileden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131 canavarl\u0131klar\u0131n konusu oldu. Ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bulunan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar umursamazl\u0131kla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler; yi\u011fit dostumuz, demir d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7isi general Duval, sorgusuz sualsiz kur\u015funa dizildi, \u0130kinci \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun i\u00e7ki \u00e2lemlerindeki utanmazca davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile \u00f6ylesine \u00fcnl\u00fc kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pezevengi Galliffet, bir bildirgede, kendi avc\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z birli\u011finin, y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 ve te\u011fmenleri ile birlikte \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini buyurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00f6b\u00fcrlendi. Ka\u00e7ak Vinoy, federeler saflar\u0131nda yakalanan her erin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini buyuran g\u00fcnl\u00fck buyru\u011fu i\u00e7in, Thiers taraf\u0131ndan L\u00e9gion d’honneur’\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck-ha\u00e7 ni\u015fan\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi. Jandarma Desmarets, 31 Ekim 1870 g\u00fcn\u00fc savunma h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarm\u0131\u015f bulunan \u015f\u00f6valye ruhlu ve y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc Flourens’i, bir kasap gibi, haince par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in madalya ald\u0131. [171] Bu cinayetin “g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131”, Thiers taraf\u0131ndan Ulusal Mecliste ho\u015fnutlukla a\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bir Timurlenk rol\u00fc oynamas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f parlamenter bir Tom Pouce’un [Parmak Tom, Parmak \u00e7ocuk -\u00e7.] kendini be\u011fenmi\u015f b\u00f6b\u00fcrlenmesi ile, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklananlara, ve hasta arabalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yans\u0131zl\u0131k hakk\u0131na de\u011fin, uygarlar aras\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir sava\u015f g\u00fcvencesi tan\u0131may\u0131 kabul etmedi. Voltaire taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce sezilmi\u015f bulunan,[24*] o kaplanca i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fclerini ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rakmas\u0131na bir an i\u00e7in izin verilmi\u015f maymundan daha korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fey yoktur. (Bkz: Notlar, s. 35.[25*] ) (sayfa: 258)
Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn, misillemeyi buyuran ve g\u00f6revinin “Paris’i Versailles haydutlar\u0131n\u0131n yamyamca davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumak ve g\u00f6ze g\u00f6z, di\u015fe di\u015f istemek” oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan 7 Nisan g\u00fcnl\u00fc buyrultusundan sonra, [172] Thiers tutsaklara barbarca davran\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gene de durdurmad\u0131. \u00dcstelik, onlara b\u00fcltenlerinde s\u00f6vd\u00fc de: “Hi\u00e7 bir zaman, namuslu insanlar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 al\u00e7alm\u0131\u015f bir demokrasinin bundan daha bozulmu\u015f \u00e7ehreleri ac\u0131lara salmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r”\u00a0 Thiers’nin kendisi ve “sal\u0131verilmi\u015f” bakanlar\u0131 gibi namuslu. Gene de, bir zaman s\u00fcresince, tutsaklar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ertelendi. Ama Thiers ve aral\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 generalleri, Paris’te Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakalanan kendi jandarma espiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n bile, \u00fczerlerinde yang\u0131n bombalan ile yakalanan Sergents de ville’lerin[26*] bile ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir \u00f6\u011frenmez, Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn misilleme \u00fczerindeki buyrultusunun bo\u015f bir tehdit oldu\u011funu anlar anlamaz, tutsaklar\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131 ve sonuna de\u011fin ard\u0131 aras\u0131 kesilmeden s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ulusal muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 evler jandarmalarca \u00e7evrildi, \u00fczerlerine (ilk kez olarak burada g\u00f6r\u00fcnen) petrol d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc ve yak\u0131ld\u0131; yar\u0131-k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f cesetler, daha sonra Ternes’de kurulmu\u015f bulunan gezgin Bas\u0131n hastanesi taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. 25 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc Belle-Epine’de atl\u0131 bir avc\u0131lar birli\u011fine teslim olan d\u00f6rt Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z, daha sonra Galliffet’nin yara\u015f\u0131r dengi bir y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan birbiri ard\u0131na vuruldu. Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kurban\u0131ndan, \u00f6l\u00fc diye b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan biri, Scheffer, yerde s\u00fcr\u00fcne s\u00fcr\u00fcne Paris ileri karakollar\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve bu olay \u00fczerine bir Kom\u00fcn komisyonu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti. Tolain bu komisyonun raporu \u00fczerine sava\u015f bakan\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klama istedi\u011fi zaman, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler onun sesini \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ile bast\u0131rd\u0131lar ve Le Fl\u00f4’nun yan\u0131t vermesini engellediler. Kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan s\u00f6zetmek, “\u015fanl\u0131” ordular\u0131n\u0131n onuruna bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olurdu. Thiers’nin b\u00fcltenlerinin, Moulin-Saquet’de uyurken bas\u0131lan federelerin s\u00fcng\u00fclendiklerini, ve Clamart’taki y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri haber verirken kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayg\u0131s\u0131z ton, Londra’daki ger\u00e7ekten a\u015f\u0131r\u0131-duyarl\u0131 olmayan Times’in [173] bile sinirlerine dokundu. Ama bug\u00fcn Paris’i bombalam\u0131\u015f ve yabanc\u0131 (sayfa: 259) fatihin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir zenci k\u00f6le sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f bulunan kimseler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen salt ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki canavarl\u0131klar\u0131 saymaya giri\u015fmek g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olur. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici \u015feyler ortas\u0131nda, c\u00fcce omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6ken korkun\u00e7 sorumluluk \u00fczerine bitmez t\u00fckenmez parlamenter yak\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 unutan Thiers, meclisin rahat\u00e7a \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek b\u00f6b\u00fcrleniyor, ve bazan aral\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 generaller, bazan da Alman prensleri ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131ks\u0131z i\u00e7ki \u00e2lemleri arac\u0131yla, sindiriminin, hatta Lecomte ve Cl\u00e9ment Thomas’n\u0131n hayaletleri ile bile, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bozuklu\u011fa u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"