{"id":5858,"date":"2011-03-10T19:30:12","date_gmt":"2011-03-10T16:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2011\/03\/10\/fransada-ic-savas-uibgknin-cagrisi-4bolum\/"},"modified":"2011-03-10T19:30:12","modified_gmt":"2011-03-10T16:30:12","slug":"fransada-ic-savas-uibgknin-cagrisi-4bolum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/03\/10\/fransada-ic-savas-uibgknin-cagrisi-4bolum\/","title":{"rendered":"Fransa’da \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f | U\u0130BGK’nin \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 (4.b\u00f6l\u00fcm)"},"content":{"rendered":"

IV
Zenci k\u00f6le sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Paris’i y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in ilk komplo giri\u015fimleri, onu Prusyal\u0131lara i\u015fgal ettirme giri\u015fimleri oldu; ama Bismarck’\u0131n kabul etmemesi \u00fczerine bu giri\u015fim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131. \u0130kincisi, 18 Marttaki komplo giri\u015fimi, ordunun bozguna u\u011framas\u0131na ve t\u00fcm y\u00f6netimi kendisini izlemeye zorlayan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Versailles’a ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yola\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Paris ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131yormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnerek, Thiers, o zaman, Paris’e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlanmak i\u00e7in zaman kazand\u0131. Ama bir orduyu nerde bulmal\u0131yd\u0131? Ordu alaylar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 say\u0131ca g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz ve pek de g\u00fcvenilir gibi de\u011fildiler. Thiers’nin ta\u015fra illerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ve onlar\u0131 ulusal muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri ile Versailles’\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran ivedi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar, d\u00fcped\u00fcz bir iteleme ile kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Sadece Bretagne, ak bir bayrak alt\u0131nda sava\u015fan, herbiri g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnde ak kuma\u015ftan bir \u0130sa y\u00fcre\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan, ve sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 da “Vive le roi!”[44*] olan bir avu\u00e7 chouan [189] g\u00f6nderdi. Bunun \u00fczerine Thiers \u00e7ar\u00e7abuk, gemicilerden, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge piyadelerinden, papaza ba\u011fl\u0131 zuhaflardan, Pi\u00e9tri’nin sergents de ville ve mouchardlar\u0131ndan[45*] bile\u015fik, alaca bulaca bir \u00e7ete toplama zorunda kald\u0131. Gene de, Bismarck’\u0131n tastamam i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve Versailles h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Prusya’ya k\u00f6lece ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131t\u0131k\u0131t\u0131na yetecek say\u0131da sal\u0131verdi\u011fi imparatorluk sava\u015f tutsaklar\u0131n\u0131n yurtlar\u0131na geri g\u00f6nderilmesi olmasayd\u0131, bu ordu g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde yetersiz kal\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, jandarmalar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn en tehlikeli g\u00f6revlere kendileri at\u0131larak bu orduyu s\u00fcr\u00fcklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gerekirken bile, Versailles polisi Versailles ordusunu g\u00f6zetme zorunda kald\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fen kaleler zaptedilmediler, ama sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131lar. Federelerin yi\u011fitli\u011fi, Paris’in direni\u015finin kendi \u00f6z stratejik dehas\u0131 ve buyru\u011fu alt\u0131nda bulunan s\u00fcng\u00fcler ile k\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na Thiers’yi inand\u0131rd\u0131.
Bu arada, ta\u015fra illeri ile ili\u015fkileri gitgide g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fiyordu. Thiers ve “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler”inin tasas\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tacak bir tek onama bildirisi bile gelmiyordu. Tam tersine… Her yandan, hi\u00e7 de sayg\u0131l\u0131 olmayan bir ton \u00fczerinden, cumhuriyetin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a (sayfa: 277) tan\u0131nmas\u0131, kom\u00fcnsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin do\u011frulanmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi bitmi\u015f bulunan Ulusal Meclisin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 temeli \u00fczerinde, Paris ile bar\u0131\u015fma isteyen el\u00e7ilik kurullar\u0131 ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar ya\u011fmur gibi ya\u011f\u0131yordu. Bunlar o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir say\u0131da geliyorlard\u0131 ki, Thiers’nin adalet bakan\u0131 Dufaure, savc\u0131lara yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 23 Nisan g\u00fcnl\u00fc genelgesinde, “bar\u0131\u015fma slogan\u0131n\u0131” bir su\u00e7 olarak izlemelerini buyuruyordu! Bununla birlikte, kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan umutsuzlu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan Thiers, taktik de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye karar verdi; b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkede, Ulusal Meclise kendi kabul ettirdi\u011fi yeni belediye yasas\u0131 temeli \u00fczerinde, 30 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc belediye se\u00e7imlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 buyru\u011funu verdi. Valilerinin entrikalar\u0131na oldu\u011fu kadar polis bask\u0131s\u0131na da g\u00fcvenen Thiers, ta\u015fra illerinin yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Ulusal Meclise o g\u00fcne de\u011fin hi\u00e7 bir zaman sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o tinsel g\u00fcc\u00fc vermesini, ve bu illerin de, Paris’in fethi i\u00e7in gereksinme duydu\u011fu maddi g\u00fcc\u00fc ensonu kendisine g\u00f6ndermelerini bekliyordu.
Paris’e kar\u015f\u0131, kendi \u00f6z b\u00fcltenlerinde g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131, ve bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm Fransa’da bir ter\u00f6r egemenli\u011fi kurma giri\u015fimlerini, Thiers, daha ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri, birden \u00e7ok amaca hizmet edecek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bar\u0131\u015fma komedisinin e\u015fli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu komedi ta\u015fra illerini aldatacak, Paris’in burjuva \u00f6\u011felerini kendine \u00e7ekecek ve, her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde, Ulusal Meclisin d\u00fczmece cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerine, Paris kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ihanetlerini, Thiers’ye olan inan\u00e7lar\u0131 arkas\u0131nda gizleme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 verecekti. 21 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc, daha hi\u00e7 bir ordusu yokken, Thiers Ulusal Meclise \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti:<\/p>\n

“Ne olursa olsun, Paris’e kar\u015f\u0131 ordu g\u00f6ndermeyece\u011fim.”<\/p>\n

27 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc gene k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

“Ben cumhuriyeti bir oldu-bitti olarak buldum, ve onu koruyup s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte adamak\u0131ll\u0131 kararl\u0131y\u0131m.”<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7eklikte, “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler”inin b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrmeleri Versailles’da cumhuriyet ad\u0131n\u0131n bile an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131rken, o, Lyon ve Marsilya’daki devrimi, [190] cumhuriyet ad\u0131na bast\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu ba\u015far\u0131dan sonra, art\u0131k “varsay\u0131l\u0131 bir olgu”dan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmayan “oldu-bitti”nin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rd\u0131. Sak\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k gere\u011fi Bordeaux’dan kiri\u015fi k\u0131rd\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu Orl\u00e9ans prensleri, \u015fimdi, yasan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7i\u011fnenmesi ile, Dreux’de her t\u00fcrl\u00fc entrika (sayfa: 278) \u00e7evirme iznine sahip bulunuyorlard\u0131. Paris ve ta\u015fra illeri delegeleri ile bitmez t\u00fckenmez g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde Thiers taraf\u0131ndan verilen \u00f6d\u00fcnler, durmadan ton ve renk de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerine kar\u015f\u0131n, eninde sonunda her zaman \u015funa var\u0131yordu: \u00f6c\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla, “Lecomte ve Cl\u00e9ment Thomas’n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunan bir avu\u00e7 cani” ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanacakt\u0131 elbette Paris ve Fransa’n\u0131n, Bay Thiers’nin ki\u015fili\u011fini, hi\u00e7 bir sak\u0131nt\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmeksizin, cumhuriyetlerin en iyisi olarak tan\u0131malar\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla; t\u0131pk\u0131 onun 1830’da Louis-Philippe i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu gibi. Bu \u00f6d\u00fcnlere gelince, mecliste bakanlar taraf\u0131ndan bu \u00f6d\u00fcnler konusunda yap\u0131lan resmi yorumlar arac\u0131yla onlar\u0131 yads\u0131tma zahmetine katlanmakla yetinmiyordu. Onun i\u015f g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in kendi Dufaure’u vard\u0131. Dufaure, bu ya\u015fl\u0131 orleanc\u0131 avukat, \u015fimdi 1871’de, Thiers d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu gibi, 1830’da Louis-Philippe d\u00f6neminde, ve 1848’de Louis Bonaparte’\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde de, her zaman s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim adalet bakan\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Bakan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralarda, Paris kapitalistlerini savunarak bir servet yapm\u0131\u015f, kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasalara kar\u015f\u0131 dava a\u00e7arak siyasal bir sermaye durumuna gelmi\u015fti. \u015eimdi, Paris’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra cumhuriyet\u00e7i \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn son kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131yacak temsil edici bir yasalar dizisini Ulusal Meclisten \u00e7abucak \u00e7\u0131kartmakla yetinmeyip, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim mahkemelerinin kendi g\u00f6nl\u00fcnce \u00e7ok yava\u015f olan yarg\u0131lama y\u00f6ntemini k\u0131saltarak [191] ve \u00e7ok sert yeni bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yasas\u0131 \u00f6nererek, Paris’in yazg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden sezdiriyordu. Siyasal alanda \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131ran 1848 Devrimi, onun yerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Louis Bonaparte, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse teoride, giyotin rejimini yeniden kurmaya c\u00fcret edememi\u015fti. Hen\u00fcz Parislilerin ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar de\u011fil, ama katiller olduklar\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f a\u015f\u0131lama cesaretine sahip olmayan “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler” Meclisi, Paris’e kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncelenmi\u015f \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc Dufaure’un s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yasas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma zorunda kald\u0131. E\u011fer bu komedi, Thiers’nin de yola\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi gibi, gevi\u015f getiren hayvan beyinleri ile, ne onun oyununu, ne de ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck, karars\u0131zl\u0131k ve oyalama zorunlulu\u011funu anlayan “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler”in \u00f6fke \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131na yola\u00e7masayd\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu ko\u015fullar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Thiers bile kendi bar\u0131\u015fma komedisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcremezdi.
Yak\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan 30 Nisan belediye se\u00e7imleri (sayfa: 279) ere\u011fiyle, Thiers, 27 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck bar\u0131\u015fma sahnelerinden birini oynad\u0131. Duygusal bir s\u00f6z sanat\u0131 tufan\u0131 ortas\u0131nda, meclis k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u015f\u00f6yle hayk\u0131rd\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Paris’in, bizi Frans\u0131z kan\u0131 d\u00f6kmeye zorlayan komplosundan ba\u015fka, cumhuriyete kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir komplo yoktur. S\u00f6yledim ve gene s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum ki, bu dinsiz silahlar onlar\u0131 tutan ellerden d\u00fc\u015fer d\u00fc\u015fmez, ceza, sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir say\u0131daki kamu hukuku su\u00e7lusunun d\u0131\u015ftalanaca\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama karar\u0131 ile, hemen durdurulacakt\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

Ve “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler”in zorla s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kesmesi \u00fczerine \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n

“Baylar, s\u00f6yleyin bana, yalvar\u0131r\u0131m size, haks\u0131z m\u0131y\u0131m? Su\u00e7lular\u0131n ancak bir avu\u00e7 olduklar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini s\u00f6ylememden, ger\u00e7ekten pi\u015fmanl\u0131k m\u0131 duyuyorsunuz? Mutsuzluklar\u0131m\u0131z ortas\u0131nda, Cl\u00e9ment Thomas ve general Lecomte’un kan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kmeye yetenekli ki\u015filerin ender ayr\u0131klamalardan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmamalar\u0131, mutlu bir \u015fey de\u011fil mi?”<\/p>\n

Gene de Fransa, Thiers’nin parlamenter bir siren \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 ile sevine sevine \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu konu\u015fmay\u0131 duymamazl\u0131ktan geldi. H\u00e2l\u00e2 Fransa’ya kalan, 35.000 Kom\u00fcn taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bulunan, 700.000 belediye meclisi \u00fcyesi i\u00e7inde, lejitimistler, orleanc\u0131lar ve bonapart\u00e7\u0131lar birarada 8.000’i bile bulmuyorlard\u0131. Bunu izleyen ek se\u00e7imler daha da d\u00fc\u015fmanca sonu\u00e7lar verdi. B\u00f6ylece, ta\u015fra illerinden \u00f6ylesine gereksinme duydu\u011fu maddi g\u00fcc\u00fc sa\u011flayacak yerde, Ulusal Meclis, son tinsel g\u00fc\u00e7 iddias\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclke genel oyunun d\u0131\u015favurumu olma iddias\u0131n\u0131 da yitirdi. Bozgunu tamamlamak \u00fczere, Fransa’n\u0131n t\u00fcm kentlerinde yeni se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bulunan belediye meclisleri de, bir Bordeaux kar\u015f\u0131-meclisi ile, kapka\u00e7\u00e7\u0131 Versailles Meclisine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 verdiler.
Bismarck taraf\u0131ndan uzun zamand\u0131r beklenmi\u015f bulunan kesin eylem s\u0131ras\u0131, ensonu gelmi\u015fti. Thiers’yi, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n kesinlikle d\u00fczenlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, Frankfurt’a tam yetkili temsilciler g\u00f6ndermesi i\u00e7in uyard\u0131. Efendisinin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir sayg\u0131 ile, Thiers, Pouyer-Quertier ile desteklenmi\u015f bulunan kendine ba\u011fl\u0131 Jules Favre’\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ndermekte ivecenlik etti. Rouen’li “\u00fcnl\u00fc” iplik fabrikat\u00f6r\u00fc, \u0130kinci \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun ate\u015fli ve hatta k\u00f6lece ba\u011fl\u0131 yanda\u015f\u0131 olan Pouyer-Quertier, \u0130kinci \u0130mparatorlukta, \u0130ngiltere ile, kendi (sayfa: 280) \u00f6z d\u00fckk\u00e2n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zararl\u0131 ticaret antla\u015fmas\u0131ndan [192] ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir kusur g\u00f6rm\u00fcyordu. Thiers’nin maliye bakan\u0131 olarak Bordeaux’ya yerle\u015fir yerle\u015fmez, bu “dinsiz” antla\u015fmay\u0131 k\u0131n\u0131yor, yak\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sezdiriyor, ve hatta, daha \u00f6nceki hi\u00e7 bir uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fman\u0131n bu i\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi Alsas’a kar\u015f\u0131, eski koruyucu g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifelerini hemen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokmaya kalk\u0131\u015fma sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile, ama bo\u015f yere (Bismarck’\u0131 hesaba katmaks\u0131z\u0131n), g\u00f6steriyordu. Kar\u015f\u0131-devrimi Rouen’de \u00fccretleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme arac\u0131, ve Frans\u0131z ta\u015fra illerinin b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da Fransa’da kendi mallar\u0131n\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltme arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren bu adam, Jules Favre i\u00e7in, t\u00fcm mesle\u011finin doru\u011fu olan son ihanetinde, yara\u015f\u0131r dalavere arkada\u015f\u0131 olarak tam da bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f kaftan de\u011fil miydi?
Bu yetkin tam yetkili temsilciler \u00e7ifti Frankfurt’a var\u0131r varmaz, kaba Bismarck onlar\u0131 hemen \u015fu buyurucu se\u00e7enek ile kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131: “Ya imparatorlu\u011fun yeniden kurulmas\u0131, ya da benim bar\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131m\u0131n ko\u015fulsuz kabul\u00fc!” Bu ko\u015fullar, sava\u015f zarar \u00f6dentilerinin \u00f6denmesi vadelerinin bir k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, ve Bismarck kendini Fransa’da i\u015flerin gidi\u015finden ho\u015fnut say\u0131ncaya de\u011fin, Paris istihk\u00e2mlar\u0131n\u0131n Prusya birlikleri taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli i\u015fgalini i\u00e7eriyorlard\u0131; b\u00f6ylece Prusya, Fransa’n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerinde y\u00fcce hakem olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu! Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Paris’in yokedilmesi i\u00e7in, tutsak bonapart\u00e7\u0131 orduyu \u00f6zg\u00fcr b\u0131rakmay\u0131 ve imparator Wilhelm’in ordular\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyordu. Zarar \u00f6dentisinin ilk taksidinin \u00f6denmesini Paris’in “yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131”na ba\u011flayarak, iyi niyetinin g\u00fcvencesini de veriyordu. Thiers ve tam yetkili temsilcileri, b\u00f6yle bir yemi elbette a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck ile yuttular. Bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 10 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc imzalad\u0131lar, ve 18 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc antla\u015fmay\u0131 Versailles Meclisine onaylatt\u0131lar.
Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 ile bonapart\u00e7\u0131 tutsaklar\u0131n gelmesi aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrede, cumhuriyet\u00e7i yardak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Paris’in kan\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6zlerini yummak i\u00e7in bir bahane bulma ac\u0131kl\u0131 gereksinmesini duyduklar\u0131ndan, Thiers kendini, kendi bar\u0131\u015fma komedisine yeniden ba\u015flama zorunda g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Daha 8 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc bile, bir orta s\u0131n\u0131f uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar kurulunu \u015f\u00f6yle yan\u0131tl\u0131yordu: (sayfa: 281)<\/p>\n

“Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar boyune\u011fmeye karar verdikleri zaman, Paris kap\u0131lar\u0131, general Cl\u00e9ment Thomas ile general Lecomte’un katilleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herkese, bir hafta boyunca a\u00e7\u0131k kalacakt\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler” taraf\u0131ndan bu s\u00f6zler konusunda sert bir bi\u00e7imde sorguya \u00e7ekilince, a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmay\u0131 kabul etmedi, ama onlara \u015fu anlat\u0131ml\u0131 bilgiyi vermekten de geri kalmad\u0131:<\/p>\n

“Aram\u0131zda sab\u0131rs\u0131zlar, \u00e7ok ivecen adamlar var diyorum. Sekiz g\u00fcn daha beklemeleri gerek; bu sekiz g\u00fcn sonunda art\u0131k tehlike kalmayacak ve o zaman g\u00f6rev onlar\u0131n cesaret ve yetenekleri d\u00fczeyinde olacakt\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

Mac-Mahon ona az zaman sonra Paris’e girebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyecek duruma gelir gelmez, Thiers meclise “Paris’e elde yasa girece\u011fini ve askerlerimizin can\u0131na k\u0131yan ve kamusal an\u0131tlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 y\u0131kan ip ka\u00e7k\u0131nlar\u0131ndan tam bir kefaret isteyece\u011fi”ni a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.
Karar zaman\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131nca, meclise: “Ac\u0131mas\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131m” dedi, Paris’e, yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, ve kendi bonapart\u00e7\u0131 haydutlar\u0131na da, Paris’ten istedikleri kadar \u00f6calmak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k karta sahip bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Ensonu, ihanet 21 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc general Douay’ye Paris kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131nca, Thiers, 22 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc, “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler”e, kendi bar\u0131\u015fma komedisinin, anlamamakta \u00f6ylesine ayak diredikleri “erek”ini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

“Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, size ere\u011fimize yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftim, bug\u00fcn size \u015funu s\u00f6ylemeye geldim: Ere\u011fe eri\u015ftik. D\u00fczen, adalet, uygarl\u0131k, en sonunda zaferi kazand\u0131lar!”<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yleydi. Burjuva d\u00fczeninin uygarl\u0131k ve adaleti, bu d\u00fczenin k\u00f6leleri ne zaman efendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131rsalar, kendilerini kendi korkun\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda g\u00f6sterirler. O zaman, bu uygarl\u0131k ve bu adalet, maskesiz yaban\u0131ll\u0131k ve yasas\u0131z \u00f6calma olarak ereklerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vururlar. Temell\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve \u00fcretici aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesindeki her yeni bunal\u0131m, bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. 1871’in s\u00f6zle anlat\u0131lmaz al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, burjuvalar\u0131n 1848 Haziran canavarl\u0131klar\u0131 bile hi\u00e7 kal\u0131r. Asker bozuntular\u0131n\u0131n iblis\u00e7e sava\u015f ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131, paral\u0131 askerleri ve savunucular\u0131 olduklar\u0131 bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan ruhunu ne kadar yans\u0131t\u0131rlarsa, Paris halk\u0131n\u0131n erkek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk Versayl\u0131lar\u0131n (sayfa: 282) giri\u015finden sonra sekiz g\u00fcn boyunca d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kahramanca esirgemezlik ruhu da, onun davas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc o kadar yans\u0131t\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu, sava\u015f bir kez bittikten sonra, kendi do\u011furdu\u011fu ceset y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan nas\u0131l kurtulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek olan, ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7l\u00fc uygarl\u0131k!
Thiers ile k\u00f6peklerinin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir benzerini bulmak i\u00e7in, Sylla ile iki Roma triumviras\u0131n\u0131n zamanlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131z gerekir. [193] So\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131kla uygulanm\u0131\u015f ayn\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal insan k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131; toplu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmede ayn\u0131 ya\u015f ve cinsiyet kayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131; tutsaklara ayn\u0131 i\u015fkence sistemi; ayn\u0131 sert davran\u0131\u015flar, ama bu kez b\u00fct\u00fcn bir s\u0131n\u0131fa kar\u015f\u0131; bir tekinin ka\u00e7abilece\u011fi korkusuyla, saklanan \u00f6nderlerin ayn\u0131 yaban\u0131l av\u0131, siyasal ve \u00f6zel d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 ihbar\u0131; m\u00fccadeleye adamak\u0131ll\u0131 yabanc\u0131 ki\u015filerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ayn\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k. Sadece \u015fu fark var: Romal\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri toptan halletmek i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz makineli t\u00fcfekleri yoktu, ve onlar\u0131n ne “elde yasa”lar\u0131, ne de a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda “uygarl\u0131k” slogan\u0131 vard\u0131.
Ve, bu korkun\u00e7 \u015feylerden sonra, kendi \u00f6z bas\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan betimlemi\u015f bulundu\u011fu bi\u00e7imiyle, bu burjuva uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha da i\u011fren\u00e7 olan \u00f6teki y\u00fcz\u00fcne bak\u0131n!
“Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k ate\u015f sesleri”, diye yaz\u0131yor bir Londra tory gazetesinin Paris muhabiri, “uzakta h\u00e2l\u00e2 yank\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131r, y\u00fcz\u00fcst\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zavall\u0131 yaral\u0131lar P\u00e9re-Lachaise’in mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr, pani\u011fe kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 6.000 ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 umutsuzluk can\u00e7eki\u015fmesi i\u00e7inde yeralt\u0131 mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 labirentlerinde dola\u015f\u0131r, makinelit\u00fcfekle yirmi\u015fer yirmi\u015fer \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmek \u00fczere zavall\u0131lar sokaklardan itile kak\u0131la ge\u00e7irilirken, caf\u00e9’lerin absent, bilardo ve domino tutkunlar\u0131 ile dolup ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek, yitik k\u0131zlar\u0131n bulvarlarda gezindiklerini g\u00f6rmek ve sefihlerin g\u00f6zde lokantalar\u0131n cabinet particulier’lerinden[46*] gelen g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerinin, gecenin sessizli\u011fini bozdu\u011funu i\u015fitmek, isyan ettirici bir \u015fey.”
Bay Edouard Herv\u00e9, Kom\u00fcn taraf\u0131ndan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f Versayc\u0131 bir gazete olan Journal de Paris’de [194] \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

“Paris halk\u0131n\u0131n (!) ho\u015fnutlu\u011funu d\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6sterme bi\u00e7imi, hafifme\u015frep olmaktan da \u00f6te bir \u015feydi, ve bunun zamanla daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fece\u011finden korkar\u0131z. \u015eimdi Paris’te (sayfa: 283) iyiden iyiye yersiz bir bayram havas\u0131 var, ve bize Parisiensdelad\u00e9candence[47*] denmesini istemiyorsak, bu duruma bir son vermek gerekir.”<\/p>\n

Sonra Tacite’in \u015fu par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

“Bununla birlikte, bu korkun\u00e7 m\u00fccadelenin ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, hatta m\u00fccadele b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn bitmeden \u00f6nce, al\u00e7alm\u0131\u015f ve bozulmu\u015f Roma, v\u00fccudunu t\u00fcketmi\u015f ve ruhunu kirletmi\u015f bulundu\u011fu \u015fehvet batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden y\u00fczmeye ba\u015flad\u0131: alibiproeliaetvulnera,alibibalneapopinoeque (burada sava\u015flar ve yaralar, orada hamamlar ve meyhaneler).”<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131z Bay Herv\u00e9, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi “Paris halk\u0131”n\u0131n Bay Thiers’nin Paris halk\u0131ndan, Versailles, Sanit-Denis, Rueil ve Saint-Germain’den y\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131n geri d\u00f6nen francs-fileurs’dan, “\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f” Paris’inden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeyi unutuyor.
Yeni ve daha iyi bir toplumun esirgemezlik dolu savunucular\u0131 \u00fczerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn kanl\u0131 zaferlerinde, eme\u011fin k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerine kurulu bu k\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 toplum, kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n iniltilerini, yank\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada yans\u0131yan bir kara\u00e7alma yuhalamas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bo\u011far. Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn dingin i\u015f\u00e7i Paris’i “d\u00fczen” k\u00f6pekleri taraf\u0131ndan hemen bir rezalethane durumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ve bu korkun\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkeler burjuva anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na neyi tan\u0131tlar? Elbette, Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn, uygarl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 komplo kurdu\u011funu! Paris halk\u0131, Kom\u00fcn u\u011fruna kendini co\u015fku i\u00e7inde \u00f6ld\u00fcrt\u00fcyor. \u00d6l\u00fclerinin say\u0131s\u0131, tarihte bilinen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6b\u00fcr sava\u015flardaki \u00f6l\u00fclerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Bu neyi tan\u0131tlar? Elbette, Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn, halk\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de\u011fil, ama bir avu\u00e7 caninin zorbal\u0131kla ele ge\u00e7irdikleri bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu! Paris kad\u0131nlar\u0131 barikatlar \u00fczerinde ve idam mangalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda canlar\u0131n\u0131 seve seve veriyorlar. Bu neyi tan\u0131tlar? Elbette, Kom\u00fcn iblisinin onlar\u0131 Meyaera’lar ve Hecate’lar[48*] durumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc! Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn iki ayl\u0131k s\u00f6zg\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir egemenlik boyunca g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn e\u015fi, ancak savunmas\u0131n\u0131n kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu neyi tan\u0131tlar? Elbette, Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn, ancak can\u00e7eki\u015fme s\u0131ras\u0131nda koyverece\u011fi \u015feytanca i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fclerinin kana susam\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ve insanl\u0131k maskesi alt\u0131nda, aylar boyunca \u00f6zenle (sayfa: 284) saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131!
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Paris, kendi kendini kahramanca yakarken, yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve an\u0131tlar\u0131 ate\u015flerle sarmalad\u0131. Proletaryan\u0131n canl\u0131 g\u00f6vdesini parampar\u00e7a ederken, efendileri art\u0131k konutlar\u0131n\u0131n elde\u011fmemi\u015f mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tantanayla geri d\u00f6neceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemeliydiler. Versailles h\u00fck\u00fcmeti: “Kundak\u00e7\u0131lar!” diye hayk\u0131r\u0131yor ve en uzak k\u00f6ylere de\u011fin t\u00fcm ajanlar\u0131na, profesyonel kundak\u00e7\u0131 olma ku\u015fkusu alt\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 her yerde kovalama y\u00f6nergesini veriyor. Sava\u015ftan sonraki y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal insan k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6n\u00fcl ho\u015flu\u011fu ile bakan t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya burjuvazisi, tu\u011fla ve harc\u0131n de\u011ferinin bilinmemesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tiksinti ile irkilmi\u015f bulunuyor!
H\u00fck\u00fcmetler donanmalar\u0131na “\u00f6ld\u00fcrme, yakma ve y\u0131kma” yetkisini verdikleri zaman, bu bir kundak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yetkisi midir? Britanya birlikleri Washington’daki Capitole’\u00fc ve \u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun yazl\u0131k saray\u0131n\u0131 bile bile ate\u015fe verdikleri zaman, [195] bu bir kundak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k eylemi mi idi? Prusyal\u0131lar, askeri nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fil, ama salt \u00f6calma h\u0131rs\u0131 ile, Ch\u00e2teaudun gibi kentleri ve say\u0131s\u0131z k\u00f6yleri petrol d\u00f6kerek yakt\u0131klar\u0131 zaman, bu bir kundak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u0131 idi? Thiers, alt\u0131 hafta boyunca, sadece i\u00e7inde insan bulunan evleri ate\u015fe verme bahanesi ile Paris’i bombalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, bu bir kundak\u00e7\u0131 i\u015fi miydi? Sava\u015fta, ate\u015f, herhangi bir ba\u015fka silah kadar t\u00f6rel bir silaht\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015fman taraf\u0131ndan tutulmu\u015f bulunan yap\u0131lar, ate\u015fe verilmek i\u00e7in bombalan\u0131rlar. E\u011fer bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n savunucular\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilme zorunda kal\u0131rlarsa, sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in bu yap\u0131lar\u0131 kendileri ate\u015fe verirler. Yak\u0131lmak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fczenli ordular\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f cephesi \u00fczerinde bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131lar\u0131n her zaman ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz yazg\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ama tarihteki tek hakl\u0131 sava\u015f olan, k\u00f6lelerin bask\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde, bu hi\u00e7 de b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir! Kom\u00fcn, ate\u015fi sadece bir savunma arac\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131. O, onu, Haussmann’\u0131n kesin olarak top\u00e7u ate\u015fi i\u00e7in a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu dosdo\u011fru uzun caddeleri, Versailles birliklerine kapatmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131; o, onu, tam da Versayl\u0131lar\u0131n, ilerlemelerinde, en az Kom\u00fcn ate\u015fi kadar yap\u0131 y\u0131kan \u00f6b\u00fcr toplar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, geri \u00e7ekilmesini \u00f6rtmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. Hangi yap\u0131lar\u0131n savunma ve hangi yap\u0131lar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131 nedeni ile y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bug\u00fcn bile tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. (sayfa: 285)[196] durumuna getirece\u011fini \u00e7ok zaman \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirmi\u015f bulunuyordu. Trochu, gerekli petrol\u00fc i\u015fte bu ama\u00e7la getirtmi\u015fti. Kom\u00fcn, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Paris halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 bir kayg\u0131 duymad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ama kendi yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kayg\u0131 duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Ve Thiers, kendi pay\u0131na \u00f6c\u00fcnde yat\u0131\u015fmaz olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onlara bildirmi\u015fti. Bir yanda kendi haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ordusu, ve \u00f6te yanda da \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 kapatan Prusyal\u0131lar elinin alt\u0131nda olur olmaz, \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131: “Ac\u0131mas\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131m! Kefaret tam, ve adalet ta\u015f y\u00fcrekli olacak.” E\u011fer Paris i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 vandalizm idiyse, bu, h\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n h\u0131ristiyan olmayan ilk\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten paha bi\u00e7ilmez ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi zafer vandalizmi de\u011fil, umutsuz savunma vandalizmi idi; ve hatta bu vandalizm, y\u00fckselen bir yeni toplum ile y\u0131k\u0131lan bir eskisi aras\u0131ndaki devsel sava\u015f\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ve g\u00f6rece \u00f6nemsiz sonucu olarak da, tarih taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu vandalizm, turist Paris’ine yer a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in tarihsel Paris’i yerlebir eden Haussmann vandalizminden \u00e7ok daha az bir vandalizm idi.
Ama, ba\u015fta Paris ba\u015fpiskoposu, altm\u0131\u015fd\u00f6rt rehinenin Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi! Burjuvazi ve ordusu, 1848 Haziran\u0131nda, sava\u015f uygulamas\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcreden bu yana ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f bulunan bir al\u0131\u015fk\u0131, silahs\u0131z sava\u015f tutsaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi al\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu kaba al\u0131\u015fk\u0131, o g\u00fcnden bu yana, Avrupa ve Hindistan’daki b\u00fct\u00fcn halk ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda izlenmi\u015fti; bu da onun ger\u00e7ek bir “uygarl\u0131k ilerlemesi” olu\u015fturdu\u011funu tan\u0131tlar! \u00d6te yandan, Prusyal\u0131lar, Fransa’da, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famlar\u0131 pahas\u0131na verecek su\u00e7suz insanlar olan rehine alma al\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Thiers, g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulundu\u011fumuz gibi, daha \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, tutsak kom\u00fcnc\u00fcleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrme insanal uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, Kom\u00fcn de, onlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 (sayfa: 286) korumak i\u00e7in, Prusyal\u0131lar\u0131n rehine alma uygulamas\u0131na ba\u015fvurma zorunlulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rehineler, Versailles taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan tutsaklar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bin kez hak etmi\u015f bulunuyorlard\u0131. Mac-Mahon pretorienlerinin [197] Paris’e giri\u015flerini kutlamak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 insan k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra, bunlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131 daha uzun s\u00fcre nas\u0131l esirgenebilirdi? Burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin amans\u0131z kand\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 son g\u00fcvence de rehine al\u0131nmas\u0131 bo\u015f bir \u015fakaya m\u0131 \u00e7evrilmeliydi? Ba\u015fpiskopos Darboy’nin ger\u00e7ek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc, Thiers’nin ta kendisidir. Kom\u00fcn, ba\u015fpiskopos ile \u00fcstelik bir s\u00fcr\u00fc papaz\u0131, o s\u0131ralarda Thiers’nin elinde bulunan bir tek Blanqui’ye kar\u015f\u0131, bir\u00e7ok kez de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00f6nerisinde bulunmu\u015ftu. Thiers bu \u00f6nerileri dikkafal\u0131l\u0131kla geri \u00e7evirdi. O, Blanqui ile, Kom\u00fcne bir ba\u015f verece\u011fini, oysa ba\u015fpiskoposun, ceset bi\u00e7imi alt\u0131nda, ama\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00e7ok daha iyi yarayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Thiers, Cavaignac \u00f6rne\u011fini izliyordu. Cavaignac ile onun d\u00fczen adamlar\u0131, ba\u015fkald\u0131ranlar\u0131 ba\u015fpiskopos Affre’\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri olarak lekelemek i\u00e7in, 1848 Haziran\u0131nda az deh\u015fet \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 atmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131! Ve gene de, ba\u015fpiskoposun d\u00fczen [156] askerleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok iyi biliyorlard\u0131. Olay yerinde bulunan ba\u015fpiskopos naibi Jacquemet, onlara olup biteni hemen anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
D\u00fczen partisinin, kendi kan \u00e2lemlerinde, kurbanlar\u0131na \u00e7almaktan hi\u00e7 bir zaman geri kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu kara\u00e7alma konseri, sadece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz burjuvas\u0131n\u0131n, kendini, plebe kar\u015f\u0131 kendi elindeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc silah\u0131 hakl\u0131 g\u00f6ren, oysa plebin elindeki en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck silah\u0131n bile, kendili\u011finden bir su\u00e7 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen eski zamanlar baronunun t\u00f6rel kal\u0131t\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131tlar.
Egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, devrimci, yabanc\u0131 sald\u0131rgan\u0131n korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f arac\u0131yla y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, ve bizim ta 4 Eyl\u00fclden Mac-Mahon pretorienlerinin Saint-Claud kap\u0131s\u0131ndan giri\u015fine de\u011fin izlemi\u015f bulundu\u011fumuz komplo, doruk noktas\u0131na Paris insan k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile eri\u015fti. Bismarck, hen\u00fcz 1849 Prusya Chambre introuvable’inda [198] basit bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc iken diledi\u011fi o b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerin genel y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belki de ilk taksidini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Paris y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ho\u015fnutluk i\u00e7inde seyrediyor. Paris proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n cesetlerini (sayfa: 287) ho\u015fnutluk i\u00e7inde seyrediyor. Onun i\u00e7in bu, sadece devrimin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn kaz\u0131nmas\u0131 de\u011fil, ama \u015fimdi kafas\u0131, hem de Frans\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ta kendisi taraf\u0131ndan kesilmi\u015f bulunan Fransa’n\u0131n, yava\u015f yava\u015f s\u00f6nmesidir de. T\u00fcm mutlu devlet adamlar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc o kavray\u0131\u015f k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile, Bismarck, bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc tarihsel olay\u0131n y\u00fczeyinden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor. Zaferini, kendini sadece yenilen h\u00fck\u00fcmetin jandarmas\u0131 de\u011fil, ama ayl\u0131kl\u0131 haydudu durumuna da getirerek ta\u00e7land\u0131ran bir yeniciyi, tarih bundan \u00f6nce ne zaman g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir? Prusya ile Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir sava\u015f yoktu. Tersine, Kom\u00fcn bar\u0131\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f, ve Prusya da yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Demek ki, Prusya sava\u015fan bir yan de\u011fildi. O bir haydut gibi davrand\u0131; kendi \u00fcst\u00fcne hi\u00e7 bir risk almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, korkak bir haydut gibi; kan bedelinin, kendi 500 milyonunun \u00f6denmesini, \u00f6nceden Paris’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ayl\u0131kl\u0131 bir haydut gibi. Ve b\u00f6ylece, tanr\u0131tan\u0131maz ve sefih Fransa’n\u0131n, dindar ve ahl\u00e2kl\u0131 Almanya’n\u0131n eli ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan buyrulmu\u015f bulunan bu sava\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fi de ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu! Hatta ilk\u00e7a\u011f hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131n anlad\u0131klar\u0131 anlamda bile, uluslararas\u0131 hukukun bu e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u00e7i\u011fneni\u015fi, “uygar” Avrupa h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini, Saint-Petersburg h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin basit bir aleti olan hain Prusya h\u00fck\u00fcmetini uluslar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6neltecek yerde, sadece Paris \u00e7evresinde kurulmu\u015f \u00e7ifte kordondan ka\u00e7an baz\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131n da Versailles cell\u00e2tlar\u0131na teslim edilip edilmemesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor!
Modern zamanlar\u0131n en korkun\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, yenilen ve yenenin proletaryay\u0131 ortakla\u015fa \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeleri i\u00e7in karde\u015fle\u015fmeleri, bu g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olay, Bismarck’\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, y\u00fckselen bir yeni toplumun kesin ezilmesini de\u011fil, ama eski burjuva toplumunun tam bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tlar. Eski toplumun h\u00e2l\u00e2 yetenekli oldu\u011fu en y\u00fcksek kahramanl\u0131k \u00e7abas\u0131, ulusal bir sava\u015ft\u0131r; ve \u015fimdi ulusal sava\u015f\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini geciktirmeye y\u00f6nelik, ve bu s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7 sava\u015f bi\u00e7iminde patlak verir vermez bir yana at\u0131lan, kat\u0131ks\u0131z bir aldatmaca oldu\u011fu da tan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011fi, kendini art\u0131k ulusal bir \u00fcniforma alt\u0131nda gizleyemez; ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, proletaryaya kar\u015f\u0131 ancak bir b\u00fct\u00fcn (sayfa: 288) olu\u015ftururlar!
1871 Yortusundan sonra, art\u0131k Frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7ileri ile onlar\u0131n emek \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini temell\u00fck eden kimseler aras\u0131nda ne bar\u0131\u015f, ne de kabul edilebilir bir b\u0131rak\u0131\u015fma olabilir. Paral\u0131 bir asker bozuntusunun demir eli, her iki s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 da bir zaman ortak bir bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutabilir. Ama sava\u015f\u0131m, durmadan b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir geni\u015flik ile, hep yeniden ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r; ve sonal yeniciye gelince, bu konuda hi\u00e7 bir ku\u015fku yoktur: ya kapka\u00e7\u00e7\u0131lar az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck emek\u00e7i \u00e7o\u011funluk. Ve Frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, modern proletaryan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcnden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.
Avrupa h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, b\u00f6ylece Paris kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011finin uluslararas\u0131 niteli\u011fine tan\u0131kl\u0131k ederlerken, onlara g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn bu mutsuzluklar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan, eme\u011fin, sermayenin kozmopolit komplosuna kar\u015f\u0131t uluslararas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131-\u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fini yuhal\u0131yorlar. Thiers bu birli\u011fi, Eme\u011fin, kendini onun kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 gibi g\u00f6steren zorbas\u0131 olarak k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Picard, Frans\u0131z enternasyonalcileri ile yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki enternasyonalciler aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n kesilmesi buyru\u011funu veriyordu; kont Jaubert, Thiers’nin daha 1835’te su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131 olan o ya\u015fl\u0131 mumya, t\u00fcm uygar h\u00fck\u00fcmetler i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunun Enternasyonalin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131mak oldu\u011funu il\u00e2n ediyor. Ulusal Meclisin “k\u00f6yl\u00fcler”i, Enternasyonale kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar ve t\u00fcm, Avrupa bas\u0131n\u0131 da koroya kat\u0131l\u0131yor. Birli\u011fimize adamak\u0131ll\u0131 yabanc\u0131, sayg\u0131de\u011fer bir Frans\u0131z yazar\u0131,[49*] d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle dile getiriyor:<\/p>\n

“Kom\u00fcn \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar, Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyeleri de, Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011finin en etkin, en ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve en g\u00f6z\u00fcpek ki\u015fileri … a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede d\u00fcr\u00fcst, i\u00e7ten, ak\u0131ll\u0131, canla ba\u015fla ba\u011fl\u0131, temiz ve s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn iyi anlam\u0131nda ba\u011fnaz insanlard\u0131r.”<\/p>\n

Polis kafas\u0131 iliklerine i\u015flemi\u015f burjuva anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fini do\u011fal olarak, merkez otoritesinin zaman zaman \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde patlamalar buyurdu\u011fu bir t\u00fcr gizli fesat komitesi olarak tasarl\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7ekte bizim Birli\u011fimiz, uygar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinin en ileri i\u015f\u00e7ilerini birle\u015ftiren (sayfa: 289) uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011fdan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Nerede olursa olsun, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi hangi bi\u00e7im alt\u0131nda ve hangi ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7eklik kazan\u0131rsa kazans\u0131n, Birli\u011fimiz \u00fcyelerinin ilk safta bulunmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131r. Onun \u00fczerinde bitti\u011fi toprak, modern toplumun ta kendisidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck kanlar d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi pahas\u0131na da olsa, o oradan s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp at\u0131lamaz. Onu oradan s\u00f6k\u00fcp atmak i\u00e7in, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin, kendi \u00f6z asalak varolu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ko\u015fulu olan, Sermayenin Emek \u00fczerindeki despotlu\u011funun k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc kaz\u0131malar\u0131 gerekir.
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Paris, Kom\u00fcn\u00fc ile birlikte, yeni bir toplumun \u015fanl\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak her zaman y\u00fcceltilecektir. \u015eehitlerinin an\u0131s\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcre\u011finde sevgi ve sayg\u0131 ile korunmu\u015ftur. K\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na gelince, tarih onlar\u0131 daha \u015fimdiden sonsuz bir te\u015fhir dire\u011fine \u00e7ivilemi\u015ftir, ve rahiplerinin t\u00fcm dualar\u0131 onlar\u0131n g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flatamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

256, High Holborn, Londra,
Western Central, 30 May\u0131s 1871<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IV Zenci k\u00f6le sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Paris’i y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in ilk komplo giri\u015fimleri, onu Prusyal\u0131lara i\u015fgal ettirme giri\u015fimleri oldu; ama Bismarck’\u0131n kabul etmemesi \u00fczerine bu giri\u015fim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131. \u0130kincisi, 18 Marttaki komplo giri\u015fimi, ordunun bozguna u\u011framas\u0131na ve t\u00fcm y\u00f6netimi kendisini izlemeye zorlayan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Versailles’a ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yola\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Paris ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131yormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnerek, Thiers, o zaman, Paris’e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-karl-marks-fransa-da-ic-savas"],"yoast_head":"\nFransa'da \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f | U\u0130BGK'nin \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 (4.b\u00f6l\u00fcm) - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/03\/10\/fransada-ic-savas-uibgknin-cagrisi-4bolum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fransa'da \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f | U\u0130BGK'nin \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 (4.b\u00f6l\u00fcm)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"IV Zenci k\u00f6le sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Paris’i y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in ilk komplo giri\u015fimleri, onu Prusyal\u0131lara i\u015fgal ettirme giri\u015fimleri oldu; ama Bismarck’\u0131n kabul etmemesi \u00fczerine bu giri\u015fim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131. \u0130kincisi, 18 Marttaki komplo giri\u015fimi, ordunun bozguna u\u011framas\u0131na ve t\u00fcm y\u00f6netimi kendisini izlemeye zorlayan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Versailles’a ka\u00e7mas\u0131na yola\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 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