{"id":5903,"date":"2011-03-28T12:43:30","date_gmt":"2011-03-28T09:43:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2011\/03\/28\/islam-ibadetleri-kabul-edilen-uygulamalar-ve-gerceklikleri\/"},"modified":"2011-03-28T12:43:30","modified_gmt":"2011-03-28T09:43:30","slug":"islam-ibadetleri-kabul-edilen-uygulamalar-ve-gerceklikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/03\/28\/islam-ibadetleri-kabul-edilen-uygulamalar-ve-gerceklikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam ibadetleri – Kabul edilen uygulamalar ve ger\u00e7eklikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Putperest \u0130badetleri<\/strong>
Ayinler, namaz, oru\u00e7, hac, kurban, s\u00fcnnet, tak\u0131, t\u00fcts\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fcler, ilahiler ve \u015fiirler, sembol ve d\u00f6vmeler\u2026Tan\u0131d\u0131k geldi mi?<\/p>\n

Putperestlik, Fars\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck olan put s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.
Tan\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: Baz\u0131 ilkel toplumlarda do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 ve etkisi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan canl\u0131 veya cans\u0131z nesne, tap\u0131ncak, sanem, feti\u015f.<\/p>\n

Putperest \u0130badetleri<\/strong>
Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak putperestlik tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131; do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 ve etkisi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan canl\u0131 veya cans\u0131z nesne tap\u0131m\u0131, olarak yapabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Putperestlik farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitleri oldu\u011fu gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda paganizm ile denk bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat paganizm ve putperestlik farkl\u0131 anlamlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Paganizm, Latince paganus yani k\u0131rsal s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Roma d\u00f6nemi \u015fehirlerde yay\u0131lan Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri etkileyememesinden dolay\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan inan\u00e7lar pagan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130brahimi dinlerin, di\u011fer inan\u00e7lara verdi\u011fi genel isim olup politeizmi, \u00e7ok tanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve putperestli\u011fi kapsar.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda paganizm ve putperestli\u011fe ait adet ve ibadet \u015fekillerini ele alacak, \u00f6zellikle \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi Arap putperestli\u011finden \u00f6rnekler verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

1- Ayinler<\/strong>
Kutsal ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcnlerde genellikle mabetlerde toplanan putperestler geleneklerine g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6sterilerde bulunur, ilahiler s\u00f6yler, toplu rit\u00fceller yaparlar. Ate\u015f \u00fczerinden atlama ya da ate\u015f \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcme, v\u00fccutlar\u0131na \u015fi\u015f bat\u0131rma bu g\u00f6steri \u00f6rneklerindendir. Kutsal bir puta, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki kutsal sayd\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015fiden kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 bir nesneye sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterisinde bulunur, etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6ner ya da koklay\u0131p \u00f6perler. <\/p>\n

Y\u0131ll\u0131k ayinlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mevsim ba\u015flar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle ilkbahar ve sonbaharda yap\u0131lan ayinler de vard\u0131r.Belirli g\u00fcnlerde g\u00fcne\u015f ve ay festivalleri yap\u0131l\u0131r.T\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re ayinlerde kutsal sayd\u0131klar\u0131 sudan i\u00e7er, kutsal sayd\u0131klar\u0131 yiyecekten yerler. Dualar eder, dileklerde bulunurlar.Putperestlerin bu ayin adetlerinin \u0130brahimi dinlere de ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.Noel kutlamalar\u0131 Mitra paganlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7medir.Putperest Araplar\u0131n yevm\u00fcl Arabu dedikleri cuma toplant\u0131lar\u0131, kandil geceleri, a\u015fure g\u00fcnleri, cem ayinleri pagan k\u00f6kenlidir.<\/p>\n

2- Namaz<\/strong>
Putperest ibadetlerinden biri namazd\u0131r.Namaz, g\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn rit\u00fcellerinden biridir ve Hint k\u00f6kenli bir ibadettir.\u0130slam \u00f6ncesi Araplar da namaz k\u0131larlard\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hindular da namaz rit\u00fcellerini devam ettirirler. Sansktit\u00e7e \u201cSurya\u201d g\u00fcne\u015f Namaskara\u201d ise selamlama veya ba\u011flant\u0131 demektir. B\u00f6ylece \u201cSurya Namaskara\u201d \u2018g\u00fcne\u015fle ba\u011flant\u0131\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Surya Namaskara, bedende akan g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin canland\u0131rma tekni\u011fidir. Arap putperestlerinin namaz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kur\u2019an\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Enfal-35. \u201cVe ma kane salat\u00fch\u00fcm \u0131ndel beyti illa m\u00fckaev ve tasdiyeh fe zukul azabe bi ma k\u00fcnt\u00fcm tekf\u00fcrun.\u201d <\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere Arap\u00e7a\u2019da salat namaz demektir.\u201d Onlar\u0131n Kabedeki namazlar\u0131, \u0131sl\u0131k \u00e7almak ve el \u00e7\u0131rpmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. K\u00fcfr\u00fcn\u00fczden dolay\u0131 azab\u0131 tad\u0131n.\u201d
Namaz t\u00f6renlerindeki \u0131sl\u0131k ve alk\u0131\u015flar nedeniyle putperestlerin k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 namaz ele\u015ftiriliyor. Putperestler de g\u00fcnde 5 vakit namaz k\u0131larlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eaharit namaz\u0131 \u2013 sabah namaz\u0131
Musaf namaz\u0131 \u2013 \u00f6\u011fle namaz\u0131
Minha namaz\u0131 \u2013 ikindi namaz\u0131
Neilat \u015eerarim namaz\u0131 \u2013 ak\u015fam\u00fcst\u00fc namaz\u0131
Maarib namaz\u0131 \u2013 ak\u015fam namaz\u0131<\/p>\n

Kaynak;\u00a0 Hayrullah \u00f6rs, Musa Ve Yahudilik, s.399-405;\u00a0 Do\u00e7.Dr. Ali Osman Ate\u015f, Asr-\u0131 Saadette \u0130slam; \u015eaban Kuzgun, Hz. \u0130brahim Ve Hanifilik, s.117; Epstein, Judaism. <\/p>\n

Kuran\u2019da ge\u00e7en namaz vakit say\u0131s\u0131 3 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 5 vakit k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131yor olmas\u0131 zamanla putperest d\u00f6neme d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015f\u00fcphesi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde abdest de putperestlerde vard\u0131. C\u00fcnup olunca boy abdesti al\u0131rlard\u0131. (\u0130bn-i habib, Muhabber)<\/p>\n

3- Oru\u00e7<\/strong>
G\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcne sahip putperestlerin ibadetlerinden biri de oru\u00e7tur.Namaz vakitlerini g\u00fcne\u015f zamanl\u0131 ayarlad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi oru\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fu\u015f ve bat\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlarlard\u0131. Orucun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 bile \u0130slamiyet\u2019teki gibi ay\u2019a g\u00f6re tespit ediliyordu. T\u0131pk\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar gibi, ay\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6zetleme heyetleri bile kuruluyordu. (Hayrullah \u00d6rs, Musa Ve Yahudilik) \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi arap paganlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 gelenekleri vard\u0131. <\/p>\n

Bunlar Ramazan dedikleri ayda bir ay oru\u00e7 tutarlar, Mekke\u2019ye Hacca gidip Kabe\u2019nin etraf\u0131nda yedi kez d\u00f6nerler, \u201cKara Ta\u015f\u201d \u0131 ( Hacer\u00fcl Esved) kutsal sayar onu \u00f6per ve g\u00fcnde d\u00f6rt veya be\u015f vakit namaz (salat) k\u0131larlar, \u015feytan ta\u015flarlard\u0131. ( Is Allah the Same God as The God of Bible?, M. J. Afshari, p 6, 8-9, \u0130slam, Beliefs And Observances, Caesar E. Farah) Ai\u015fe anlat\u0131yor: <\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130slam \u00f6ncesinde Kurey\u015f, A\u015fure g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oru\u00e7 tutard\u0131..(Buhari, e\u2019s-Sahih, Kitabu\u2019s Savm\/1.) Sabiilik, y\u0131ld\u0131z k\u00fclt\u00fcne sahip bilinen en eski pagan dinidir. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir ki Sabiiler de 3 vakit namaz k\u0131lar ve 1 ay oru\u00e7 tutarlard\u0131. Farz orucun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nafile oru\u00e7lara da sahiptiler. (\u0130bn Nedim, El Fihrist, s. 442-445) Kuran\u2019da \u00f6nceki toplumlarda da orucun oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r: Bakara-183. \u201cEy iman edenler, sizden \u00f6ncekilere yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, oru\u00e7, size de yaz\u0131ld\u0131 (farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131). Umulur ki sak\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n

Eski \u00c7a\u011f dinlerinde, \u00f6zellikle, rahiplerin Tanr\u0131lara yak\u0131nla\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya yarayan bir yoldu. Helenistik D\u00f6nemin inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Tanr\u0131lar bir tak\u0131m kutsal \u00f6\u011fretileri ancak oru\u00e7 tutan ki\u015filere vahiy yoluyla g\u00f6nderirlerdi. Baz\u0131 eski k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde ise oru\u00e7, \u00f6fkelenen Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 teskin etme gibi ama\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelikti. Sibirya Tungu \u015famanlar\u0131 ise, ruhlarla ili\u015fki kurabilmek i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 tutarlard\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn dinlerde, belirli zamanlarda oru\u00e7 tutma gelene\u011fi vard\u0131r. Budha rahipleri, yine belirlenmi\u015f g\u00fcnlerde oru\u00e7 tutarak g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 itiraf ederek, ar\u0131nacaklar\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. Hindistan\u2019da Sadhular yine g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nmak i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 tutarlar. \u00c7in\u2019de g\u00f6ksel Yang ilkesinin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce belirli bir s\u00fcre oru\u00e7 tutulur.<\/p>\n

4- Hac<\/strong>
\u00d6nce Diyanet forumdan bir al\u0131nt\u0131 yapal\u0131m: \u00c7e\u015fitli Dinlerde Hac<\/p>\n

Hac ibadeti pek \u00e7ok toplumda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Japonlar, atalar\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in, bir g\u00fcn, h\u00e2len kendilerinin \u00fczerinde ikamet ettikleri adaya inip \u00e7evrede dola\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra tekrar g\u00f6\u011fe hareket etmi\u015f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Atalar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine bah\u015fetmi\u015f oldu\u011fu bu \u015ferefin hat\u0131ras\u0131 olarak Japonlar, yaya olarak ayn\u0131 g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 izlerler ve bu onlar\u0131n hacc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Hindular\u0131 ba\u015fka bir hac telakkisine sahiptirler. Tanr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden, ona tanzimde bulunmak i\u00e7in il\u00e2h\u00ee yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck tezah\u00fcrlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yerleri, ziyaret etmek gerekir. Ganj, en \u00f6nemli nehirdir. Himalayalardan Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne kadar k\u0131tay\u0131 sular ve hatta denize a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kayadan \u00e7\u0131kan Ganj\u2019\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret etmek i\u00e7in yolculuk yapmak Hindular\u0131n en \u00f6nemli hacc\u0131d\u0131r. Ganj, Alfahabad yak\u0131n\u0131nda, di\u011fer bir b\u00fcy\u00fck nehir olan Jumma ile birle\u015fir ve bu birle\u015fme yerinde bilhassa ay ve g\u00fcne\u015fin tutulmalar\u0131 gibi \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemli vakitlerde y\u0131kanmak da, Hindu dininin en b\u00fcy\u00fck haclar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n

Gotama Budha, kendi dinin vahyini bir yabani incir a\u011fac\u0131 alt\u0131nda alm\u0131\u015f olmakla me\u015fhurdur. \u00d6nce bu a\u011fac\u0131, sonra da bu kutsal a\u011fac\u0131n eskiden varoldu\u011fu yeri ziyaret etmek Budistlere g\u00f6re hacc\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur ve olu\u015fturmaya devam etmektedir. Bir dinin ermi\u015f kurucusunun do\u011fum yeri, onun defnedildi\u011fi yer, bir mucizenin meydana geldi\u011fi yer, \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumlara g\u00f6re yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde hac yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerini olu\u015ftururlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam \u00f6ncesi Araplar\u2019 da Kabe putperestlerin en kutsal mabediydi ve b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n hac mekan\u0131yd\u0131. Kabe eldeki kan\u0131tlara g\u00f6re \u0130brahim peygamber taraf\u0131ndan m\u00f6 800 l\u00fc y\u0131llarda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Kabe hi\u00e7bir zaman Yahudiler ve Hristiyanlar taraf\u0131ndan kutsal say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tevrat ve \u0130ncilde Kabe ile ilgili tek bir ayet dahi olmamas\u0131 bunu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Kabe M\u00d6 800 l\u00fc y\u0131llardan sonra putperestler taraf\u0131ndan Allah\u0131n evi olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (A Guide to the contents of Quran Faruq Sherif, Reading, 1995, pgs. 21-22., Muslim) <\/p>\n

Putperestler Kabe etraf\u0131nda 7 kez tavaf yaparlard\u0131. Kurey\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen Bedevi putperestler tavaf\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak olarak yaparlard\u0131. Putlar\u0131 ziyaret, Hacer\u00fcl Esved ta\u015f\u0131na el s\u00fcrme ve \u00f6pme, Safa ve Merve tepeleri aras\u0131nda gidip gelme, \u015feytan ta\u015flama hac ibadetinin en \u00f6nemli rit\u00fcellerindendi.<\/p>\n

\u201d Putperestlerin hac s\u0131ras\u0131nda hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 telbiye de aynen \u015f\u00f6yleydi:
Lebbeyk allah\u00fcmme lebbeyk.
La \u015ferike leke illa \u015ferikun huve lek.
Temlikuhu ve ma-melek \u201c<\/p>\n

5- Kurban <\/strong>
Kurban Hinduizm\u2019de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Tanr\u0131lara sunulan her \u015fey kurband\u0131r. Hinduizm\u2019de yayg\u0131n olan kans\u0131z kurbanlard\u0131r. Ancak yaz ve k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fcmleri m\u00fcnasebetiyle kanl\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131n da Tanr\u0131lar\u2019a sunuldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu kanl\u0131 kurbanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00f6zel bir t\u00f6ren gerektireni \u201cSoma\u201d kurban\u0131d\u0131r. Soma\u2019da ke\u00e7i ve inek gibi hayvanlar kurban edilir. Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6fkelerini teskin etmek maksad\u0131yla sunulan bu kurbanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, \u00f6zel hediyeler de Tanr\u0131lara sunulmu\u015ftur. Hinduizm\u2019de sunaklarda en iyi hayvanlar\u0131n kurban edilmesi ve etlerinin iyi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yine burada bulanan ate\u015flerde yak\u0131lma gelene\u011fi vard\u0131r. Hinduizm\u2019in bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ki\u015filer i\u00e7in kurban kesme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hinduizm\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u00f6l\u00fcler kurbans\u0131z a\u00e7 kal\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda insan kurban edilmesi, bir nevi temizlenme ve sihir vas\u0131tas\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0 Ailenin ilk \u00e7ocu\u011fu Tanr\u0131\u2019ya ait kabul edilir ve kurban edilmesi gerekirdi. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ise k\u00f6pek ba\u015fl\u0131 olarak tasvir ettikleri insanlara \u201cAni\u201d diyorlar ve onlar\u0131 \u201cAy Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u201d na kurban olarak sunuyorlard\u0131.
M. Eliade, Anadolu\u2019da \u00f6zellikle ilk \u00e7a\u011flarda hasat mevsimi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan insan kurban\u0131 ve kafa kesme ayinlerine \u00f6rnek olarak Frigyal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131 ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Frigyal\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce hasat zaman\u0131nda insanlar\u0131, ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kesmek suretiyle kurban ettiklerini, hatta elde mevcut delillere g\u00f6re, o zamanlar bu \u00e2detin Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in her taraf\u0131nda yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu kaydetmektedir.
\u0130slam \u00f6ncesi Araplar\u0131n da eski d\u00f6nemlerde Sabah Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019na daha do\u011fmadan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir acele ile insan ve beyaz deve kurban ettikleri, yine \u00f6nemli putlardan Uzza\u2019ya, o\u011flanlarla, k\u0131zlar\u0131n ve esirlerin de kurban edildikleri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde ise insandan vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015f, hayvan kurban\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n

Putlara \u00f6zel kurban kestikleri gibi genelde Safa ve Merve tepelerine dikilmi\u015f kayadan putlara kurban keserlerdi. Bu kayalar\u0131n biri \u0130saf, di\u011feri Naile adl\u0131 puttu. \u0130saf ve Naile iki sevgiliydi ve Kabe\u2019nin kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kirlettikleri i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, daha sonra efsanele\u015ferek kutsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Araplar, putlara adak da adarlard\u0131. Dilekleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde, \u00f6nemli i\u015flerinde ve uzun seyahatlerinde adak keserlerdi. Adaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da ilk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n erkek olmas\u0131 i\u00e7indi. <\/p>\n

6- S\u00fcnnet<\/strong>
S\u00fcnnet, yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihten \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antropologlar s\u00fcnnetin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine varamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcnnetin tarihini M.\u00d6. 15.000 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki ta\u015f devrine kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrenler varsa da Antropolog Ashley Montagu\u2019nun da savundu\u011fu gibi 6.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce antik M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da s\u00fcnnetin varoldu\u011fu kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Eski m\u0131s\u0131r piramitlerinde bulanan baz\u0131 mumyalar\u0131n s\u00fcnnetli olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

Tarih boyunca m\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, Yahudiler ve Babillilerin s\u00fcnnet adetine sahip olduklar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcnnet, Pagan gelene\u011finin tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere uzant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi putperestler de s\u00fcnnet adetine sahiptiler. Putperest Araplarda hem kad\u0131n hem de erkekler s\u00fcnnet edilirdi. Erke\u011fin s\u00fcnneti i\u00e7in \u201ch\u0131tan\u201d kad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u00fcnneti i\u00e7in \u201chafd\u201d kelimesini kullanmaktayd\u0131lar. Ancak \u201cel-h\u0131tanan\u201d ifadesi s\u00fcnnet edilen yer anlam\u0131na hem kad\u0131n hem erkek i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fterek kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hadislerde Muhammed\u2019in, halifelerin ve ashab\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinden bahsedilmemesi, onlar\u0131n zaten putperest adeti gere\u011fince s\u00fcnnetli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Kad\u0131n s\u00fcnneti sadece putperest Araplarda de\u011fil, eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131larda da mevcuttu. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda bulunan baz\u0131 kad\u0131n mumyalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcnnetli oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015f, kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 M.\u00d6 1600\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llardan kalan duvar resimlerinde detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tasvir edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu, kad\u0131n s\u00fcnneti gelene\u011finin k\u00f6keninin \u00e7ok eski \u00e7a\u011flara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesidir ve s\u00fcnnet gelene\u011finin tarihinin tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerden daha eski oldu\u011funu, as\u0131l olarak bir pagan gelene\u011fi oldu\u011funu, tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere pagan toplumlardan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. BM istatistiklerine g\u00f6re bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada 130 milyon kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u00fcnnetli. Kad\u0131n s\u00fcnneti esas olarak, Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n orta \u015feridinde yer alan 30 Afrika \u00fclkesinde uygulan\u0131yor. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131 s\u00fcnnetli. S\u00fcnnetsiz kad\u0131nlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lan\u0131yor, pis ve fahi\u015fe olarak su\u00e7lan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

Umman, Yemen, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirli\u011fi\u2019nde, Endonezya ve Malezya\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde, Kuzey Irak\u2019ta baz\u0131 K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda da daha az oranlarda olmakla beraber s\u00fcnnet gelene\u011fi ya\u015fat\u0131lmakta. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Yahudi ve Hristiyanlarla birlikte \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 din inan\u0131rlar\u0131 da var. T\u0131pta erkek s\u00fcnnetinin az da olsa bir yarar\u0131na de\u011finilse dahi kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin hi\u00e7bir yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131n cinsel iste\u011fini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6l\u00fcm ve yaralanmalara neden oldu\u011fu biliniyor. Buna ra\u011fmen bu ilkel, \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 adet \u0131srarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmekte, hem de Allah\u2019a, ilahlara dayand\u0131r\u0131larak devam ettirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

7- Tak\u0131, T\u00fcts\u00fc ve B\u00fcy\u00fcler<\/strong>
Putperest toplumlarda \u015fans, u\u011fur ve hay\u0131r getirmesi i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m ta\u015f ve tak\u0131lar kullanmak adettendi. Kendilerini k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlardan, cinlerden, nazardan korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli nesneleri v\u00fccutlar\u0131na, boyunlar\u0131na takar ya da \u00fczerlerinde ta\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de s\u00fcregelen ilk \u00e7a\u011f pagan rit\u00fcellerinden biridir. S\u0131radan insanlarda bulunmayan gizli bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn sahibi olmak, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131, rakiplerini alt etmek, a\u015fk ve cinsellikle ilgili isteklerine kavu\u015fmak amac\u0131yla \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fcy\u00fc y\u00f6ntemleri uygulan\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcts\u00fc ise ar\u0131nma, temizlenme, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 ve cinleri kovma amac\u0131yla paganlar\u0131n ok\u00fclt seremonilerinde, Antik Yunan\u2019da, Hitit Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, Babil\u2019de, Firavunlar d\u00f6nemi M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131nda, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda, Hindistan, Tibet ve Japonya\u2019da \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerde bunlar yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcnah say\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da de\u011fi\u015fik versiyonlarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin muskalar, ayet yaz\u0131l\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131n evlere, arabalara as\u0131lmas\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011fa ve nazara kar\u015f\u0131 okuyup \u00fcfleme, nazar boncuklar\u0131, mum yakma vb.

8- Telbiyeler, \u0130lahiler,\u00a0 \u015eiirler<\/strong>
Putperest toplumlar ayinlerinde telbiyeler, ilahiler s\u00f6ylenirdi.Cenaze t\u00f6renlerinde a\u011f\u0131tlar yak\u0131l\u0131r, naatlar okunurdu. \u00d6rne\u011fin; eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fc evinden kad\u0131nlar sokaklara \u00e7\u0131kar d\u00f6v\u00fcnerek \u00f6l\u00fcye a\u011f\u0131tlar s\u00f6ylerlerdi. \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi Araplar da telbiyeler, ilahiler, \u015fiirler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi. En be\u011fenilenleri Kabe\u2019ye asarlar, putlar\u0131 i\u00e7in okurlard\u0131. \u0130slam \u00f6ncesine ait ne varsa yak\u0131l\u0131p yokedildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ne yaz\u0131k ki bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrden elde \u00e7ok az bilgi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan biri de \u201cYedi Ask\u0131\u201d denilen \u015fiirlerdir.<\/p>\n

9- Sembol ve D\u00f6vmeler<\/strong>
Pagan inan\u00e7larda dilin sembollerle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yo\u011fun olarak rastlan\u0131l\u0131r. Hemen hemen her pagan toplumda \u00e7e\u015fitli semboller mevcuttur. Pentagram denilen be\u015f k\u00f6\u015feli ters y\u0131ld\u0131z en \u00fcnl\u00fcleridir. D\u00f6vme de pagan toplumlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan bir sembol y\u00f6ntemidir. Hintliler, Japonlar, Amerika Yerlileri ve Afrika\u2019daki baz\u0131 kabileler d\u00f6vmeyi bir s\u00fcs olarak yaparlarsa da pek \u00e7ok toplumda d\u00f6vmenin hastal\u0131klara ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlara kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu bir t\u0131ls\u0131m olarak uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bireyin toplumdaki konumunu (k\u00f6le, efendi, ergen, i\u015f\u00e7i, asker) vurgulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. <\/p>\n

D\u00f6vme yapma gelene\u011fi hayli eskidir. M\u00d6 2000\u2032 lerde Eski M\u0131s\u0131r toplumunda d\u00f6vmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mumyalardan anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Britonlar\u0131n, Galyal\u0131lar\u0131n ve Traklar\u0131n da d\u00f6vmeleri vard\u0131. Eski Yunanl\u0131lar ve Romal\u0131lar, \u201cbarbarlara \u00f6zg\u00fc bir u\u011fra\u015f\u201d sayd\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6vmeyi su\u00e7lular ile k\u00f6lelere yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hun kurganlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan cesetlerde son derece k\u0131vrak \u00e7izgilerle ve dekoratif bir anlay\u0131\u015fla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fsel yarat\u0131klar ve ko\u00e7 fig\u00fcrlerinden olusan d\u00f6vmeler g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Dinsel-b\u00fcy\u00fcsel kaynakl\u0131 bu d\u00f6vmelerin is oldu\u011fu ihtimali ve deriye \u015f\u0131r\u0131nga edilmesi ile olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Hunlara ait Paz\u0131r\u0131k kurgan\u0131nda bulunan bir ba\u015fkana ait cesetten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Hunlarda asil ve kahraman ki\u015filerin d\u00f6vme yapt\u0131rabildi\u011fi, daha sonralar\u0131 Kazak ve K\u0131rg\u0131zlarda da devam eden bu gelene\u011fin yine kahramanl\u0131k niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bireylere uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. \u0130lkel topluluklarda d\u00f6vme yap\u0131l\u0131rken t\u00f6renler d\u00fczenlenir. D\u00f6vmeyi yapan ki\u015fi birtak\u0131m dinsel ve b\u00fcy\u00fcsel kurallar\u0131 yerine getirmek zorundad\u0131r.

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong>
Buraya kadar anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z putperest adet ve ibadetleri konusunda san\u0131r\u0131m herkes hemfikirdir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da putperestlerin bu ibadetlere sahip oldu\u011funu reddetmez. Bilmeyenler de inceleyip ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131nda do\u011frulu\u011funu g\u00f6receklerdir. Bunlar din derslerinde, din kitaplar\u0131nda pek anlat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in san\u0131l\u0131r ki Kur\u2019an\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc Muhammed peygamber taraf\u0131ndan getirildi. G\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n getirdi\u011fi yeni bir\u015fey yok. Zekat ve sadakaya varana kadar hepsi putperestlerde mevcut. Putperestlerde olmayanlar da Yahudilerde var. Peygamberlik, melekler, k\u0131yamet, ahiret, cennet, cehennem gibi. Bu durumda putperestlikle tek tanr\u0131 dinlerindeki ortak ibadetleri nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z? \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130slam dininin ibadetleri ile \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi Arap putperestlerinin hemen hemen ayn\u0131 ibadetlere sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi nedir?<\/p>\n

Dinlerden \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler bu durumu dinlerin evrimine ba\u011flar. Totemizmle ba\u015flayan ilkel dinler daha sonra ruh\u00e7ulu\u011fa ve putataparl\u0131\u011fa, \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere ve sonunda da tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlere evrilmi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7i\u015f yapan toplumlar\u0131n \u00f6nceki inan\u00e7lar\u0131n etkisiyle eski adet ve ibadetlerini k\u0131smen de\u011fi\u015ftirerek de olsa s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kurucusu Muhammed\u2019in yeni hi\u00e7bir\u015fey getirmedi\u011fi, Kur\u2019an\u2019da yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn putperestlerden ve Yahudilerden derleme, toplama oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130slamc\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve inan\u0131\u015f: Dinlerin evriminin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130slam\u2019 \u0131n Adem\u2019 den itibaren varoldu\u011fu, de\u011fi\u015fik adlarla da olsa peygamberlerin daima \u0130slam\u2019 a \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131, namaz, oru\u00e7, hac, zekat, kurban, s\u00fcnnet vb. ibadetlerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri oldu\u011fu ancak toplumlar\u0131n zamanla \u0130slam\u2019 dan saparak putlar ve ilahlar edindikleri, \u0130slam\u2019 dan miras ald\u0131klar\u0131 ibadetleri bu putlara ve ilahlara yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan T\u00fcrk toplumunun zamanla \u0130slam\u2019 dan sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, putlar edindi\u011fini ve Allah\u2019 a ilaveten ay tanr\u0131s\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 vb. ilahlara tapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama namaz k\u0131lmaya, oru\u00e7 tutmaya, hacca gitmeye, zekat vermeye, s\u00fcnnet olmaya devam etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n

Ya \u201cTanr\u0131 denmez Allah denir\u201d diye \u0131srar eden zihniyet, allah (el-ilah) ismi Adem\u2019den beri var ise S\u00fcmerde, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, Hind\u2019de, \u00c7inlilerde, T\u00fcrklerde, Yahudiler\u2019de, hristiyanlarda \u201cAllah\u201d isminin unutulmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da yokedilmesini ama Arap putperestlerince korunmas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l izah edebilir? Her toplumun kendi dilinde allaha kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir isme sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde mi? Yani Eloha, Brahma gibi. \u00d6yleyse ne diye Tengri\u2019ye, Tanr\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Putperest \u0130badetleriAyinler, namaz, oru\u00e7, hac, kurban, s\u00fcnnet, tak\u0131, t\u00fcts\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fcler, ilahiler ve \u015fiirler, sembol ve d\u00f6vmeler\u2026Tan\u0131d\u0131k geldi mi? Putperestlik, Fars\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck olan put s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.Tan\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: Baz\u0131 ilkel toplumlarda do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 ve etkisi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan canl\u0131 veya cans\u0131z nesne, tap\u0131ncak, sanem, feti\u015f. Putperest \u0130badetleriBuradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak putperestlik tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131; do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 ve etkisi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5903","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-din"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130slam ibadetleri - Kabul edilen uygulamalar ve ger\u00e7eklikleri - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/03\/28\/islam-ibadetleri-kabul-edilen-uygulamalar-ve-gerceklikleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130slam ibadetleri - Kabul edilen uygulamalar ve ger\u00e7eklikleri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Putperest \u0130badetleriAyinler, namaz, oru\u00e7, hac, kurban, s\u00fcnnet, tak\u0131, t\u00fcts\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fcler, ilahiler ve \u015fiirler, sembol ve d\u00f6vmeler\u2026Tan\u0131d\u0131k geldi mi? 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