{"id":5910,"date":"2011-04-08T11:12:48","date_gmt":"2011-04-08T08:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2011\/04\/08\/julio-cortazar-ve-kisa-oykuler\/"},"modified":"2011-04-08T11:12:48","modified_gmt":"2011-04-08T08:12:48","slug":"julio-cortazar-ve-kisa-oykuler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/04\/08\/julio-cortazar-ve-kisa-oykuler\/","title":{"rendered":"Julio Cortazar ve K\u0131sa \u00d6yk\u00fcler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arjantinli bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da do\u011fan Cortazar\u2019\u0131n yazarl\u0131\u011fa olan ilgisinin de \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Devaml\u0131 hareket halinde ge\u00e7en bir ya\u015fam, aile i\u00e7i sorunlar ve babas\u0131n\u0131n evi terk etmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zay\u0131f bir b\u00fcnyesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hasta olarak ge\u00e7irmi\u015f yazar. Bu yorucu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, Cortazar\u2019\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ve s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminin ilk tetikleyicisi olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk \u015fiir kitab\u0131n\u0131 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcniversitede e\u011fitim g\u00f6revlisiyken yay\u0131nlayan Cortazar\u2019\u0131n ilk k\u0131sa \u00f6yk\u00fc kitab\u0131 \u201cBestiario\u201d ise 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u201cBestiario\u201d Cortazar\u2019\u0131n Arjantin\u2019e de vedas\u0131d\u0131r asl\u0131nda. 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda UNESCO\u2019da \u00e7evirmenlik g\u00f6revini yapmak \u00fczere Paris\u2019in yolunu tuttu ve bir daha Arjantin\u2019e geri d\u00f6nmedi.<\/p>\n

Paris y\u0131llar\u0131 Cortazar\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fclerin birer birer ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem oldu. \u00d6zellikle k\u0131sa hik\u00e2yelerini okurken bamba\u015fka d\u00fcnyalara yol alabilece\u011finiz Cortazar\u2019\u0131n eserleri modern literat\u00fcr\u00fcn en iyi s\u00fcrrealizm eserleri olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. Cortazar\u2019\u0131n yazar kimli\u011finin yan\u0131nda foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 kimliklerinin de etkilerini \u00f6yk\u00fclerinde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Cortazar\u2019\u0131n 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 roman\u0131 \u201cSek Sek\u201d ise yazar\u0131n ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 olarak kabul ediliyor. Tabii ki bunun bir\u00e7ok nedeni var. Roman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda okuyucuya verdi\u011fi bir okuma tarifi vard\u0131r. Roman, birbirinden farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile bir \u00e7ok \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7lanabiliyor. Cortazar sab\u0131rs\u0131z okuyucular\u0131na kitab\u0131 do\u011frusal bir \u015fekilde okumalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerirken, kitaptaki as\u0131l gizem b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri atlayarak okundu\u011funda ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Kitaptaki \u201cSek sek\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini farkl\u0131 s\u0131ralamalar ile okudu\u011funuz takdirde farkl\u0131 bir sonuca do\u011fru yol al\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n

“Sek Sek”, “G\u00fcney Otoyolu”, “B\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e”, “M\u0131r\u0131ldand\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00d6yk\u00fcler”, “62 Maket Seti”, “Bir Sar\u0131 \u00c7i\u00e7ek (Cinayeti G\u00f6rd\u00fcm)”, “Ayak \u0130zlerinde Ad\u0131mlar”, “A\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 Bilgiler El Kitab\u0131”, “Andres Fava\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcncesi” ve “Lucas Diye Biri” adl\u0131 eserleri dilimize \u00e7evrilen Cortazar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcleri i\u00e7in \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Pablo Neruda; \u201cCortazar’\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 okumam\u0131\u015f olmak, \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu \u015feftali yememi\u015f olmak gibi bir\u015feydir.\u201d demi\u015f. <\/p>\n

****<\/p>\n

1.A\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fmalar\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

Benim evde acayip bir a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131 var. Saint-Roch\u2019un \u00e7anlar\u0131 susar susmaz, a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131m ayaklar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne dikiliyor ve benim \u015fahs\u0131ma g\u00fcndelik konu\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Sorgun koltu\u011fuma g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bi\u00e7imde, ilgisiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum y\u0131llard\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131n sohbetinde bana hitap edebilecek herhangi bir \u015fey olmamas\u0131 gerekir, ama bug\u00fcne dek a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131m her zaman benden daha kurnaz olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle, konu\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan ba\u015flayarak, \u00f6zellikle yans\u0131mal\u0131 ama \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi kolay bir bi\u00e7imde anlatacaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor, ben de kula\u011f\u0131 kiri\u015fte olan bir kimse gibi dinlemek zorunda kal\u0131yorum onu, bunu yaparken de en ufak ikilem sergilemeden kendisini onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ve ho\u015fnut oldu\u011fumu g\u00f6steriyorum.<\/p>\n

Her \u015fey bundan ibaret olsayd\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 yirmi dakika sonra, Saint-Simon\u2019un an\u0131lar\u0131na yeniden g\u00f6m\u00fclebilirdim, ama a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131m hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden tatmin olmuyor. Konu\u015fmas\u0131 bitmeye y\u00fcz tuttu\u011funda, bana konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 birka\u00e7 c\u00fcmlede \u00f6zetlememi buyuruyor. Ak\u015fam\u0131n en \u00e7ekilmez \u00e2n\u0131 bu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131kl\u0131kla onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin izledi\u011fi yolu yitiriyorum. Tek bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, o ak\u015famki konu\u015fmas\u0131 a sesi \u00fcst\u00fcne kurulmu\u015fsa, ki bundan sonsuz perde de\u011fi\u015fimleri, armonik farklar ve e\u2019ye ya da o\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015fler \u00e7\u0131karabiliyor (aae, aea, aoa, aoo, aeoa, aeeoo gibi seslerin t\u00fcm dizisini ekleyelim bunlara), konu\u015fman\u0131n maddesinin iki hali aras\u0131na mant\u0131k k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kurmakta elimden bir \u015fey gelmemesi yeterli oluyor her \u015feyi berbat etmek i\u00e7in. A\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131m kudurdu mu s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131maz, ve ne yaz\u0131k ki bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kez tekrar tekrar ya\u015fad\u0131m. \u00d6ncelikle \u015fu k\u00fcl tablas\u0131 sorunu var. E\u011fer az \u00f6nce s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc k\u0131zm\u0131\u015fsa (\u00fcstelik say\u0131s\u0131z k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc var), a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131mdan bana saat dokuz bu\u00e7uk sigaram\u0131 i\u00e7ebilmem i\u00e7in k\u00fcl tablas\u0131n\u0131 getirmesini rica etmem bo\u015funa oluyor.<\/p>\n

O durumda ani bir tepki veriyor, k\u00e2h k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlarla dolu \u00e7\u00f6p kutusuna kendini b\u0131rak\u0131yor, k\u00e2h oyun masas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na girip, a\u011fz\u0131 ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda, belli belirsiz bir sfenks edas\u0131yla bana odaklan\u0131yor. Bana gelince, konu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6zetlemekteki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m beni neredeyse her zaman \u00f6yle bir duruma s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fcyor ki, bu konuda en az\u0131ndan \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim, \u00f6d\u00fcm u\u00e7 bir psikolojik karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n burgac\u0131na at\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylesi bir durum yaln\u0131zca zaman\u0131n, i\u011fren\u00e7 saat kurma sap\u0131n\u0131n, sihirli aynalar gibi \u00e7o\u011faltaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek tansiyonlara yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Sonunda da, bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck burada birazc\u0131k yersiz ka\u00e7acak ama neredeyse do\u011fal bi\u00e7imde, birbirimizin y\u00fcz\u00fcne en \u00f6z\u00fcmsenmi\u015f hakaretleri ya\u011fd\u0131r\u0131rken buluyoruz kendimizi, bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne, tutumunun ev ekonomisinde ciddi sorunlar yaratmas\u0131n\u0131 umursamayan a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131m, alev alev yanan g\u00f6zlerindense daha \u00e7ok \u00f6fkeyle burnundan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran ya\u015flar\u0131 silmek i\u00e7in patiska mendilimi elimden kap\u0131veriyor. O anlarda, a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131ma nereye kadar dokunabilece\u011fimi tart\u0131yorum kafamda, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yarat\u0131k, k\u00fcl tablas\u0131 darbesi d\u00fczeyini de, mendil darbesininkini de a\u015fmaktan hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmiyor, kald\u0131 ki benim kendimi zorlayarak hareketsiz kalmam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, bana kar\u015f\u0131 en az\u0131ndan daha az k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemesi onun i\u00e7in o kadar da zor olmasa gerek.<\/p>\n

Bu gibi durumlarda insan bir a\u011f\u0131z mandal\u0131n\u0131n ruhunun, onun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck parma\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6teye gitmedi\u011fini anl\u0131yor ister istemez, biraz merhamet ve unutu\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131yor sonra i\u015fin i\u00e7ine, bunun tek nedeni sessizli\u011fe ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dalmaya izin veren \u015feylerden al\u0131nan zevk. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o dakikadan sonra, evde sessizlik olacakt\u0131r; \u00f6zet yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsun olmas\u0131n, konu\u015fma kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, k\u00fcl tablas\u0131 getirilmi\u015f ya da getirilmesi reddedilmi\u015f, mendil elden gitmi\u015f ya da gitmemi\u015ftir. Birbirimize odaklanarak bakmak kal\u0131r bize, herkes kendi yerinde, b\u0131rak\u0131r\u0131z kapans\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze gecenin koca kubbesi. Sabah saat yedi \u00e7eyrekte kahvalt\u0131m\u0131z getirilir. Vaktimiz bol nas\u0131l olsa.<\/p>\n

2.Gereksiz Koruma<\/em><\/p>\n

Gayet iyi biliyorum, hastal\u0131k derecesinde utangac\u0131m, insan i\u00e7ine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca demir gibi, kaya gibi kaskat\u0131 oluyorum. \u00c7o\u011funlukla m\u00fcttefikim olan su bile, kimi zaman kuru ve d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131narak ak\u0131yor dudaklar\u0131ma, oysa dudaklar\u0131m suyun badem ya da dantel olmas\u0131n\u0131 isterlerdi; ak\u015fam\u0131n alacakaranl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hen\u00fcz kentte dola\u015fmaya cesaret edebildi\u011fim solgun \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda bile \u00f6ylesine tatl\u0131 profilleriyle derimin i\u00e7inde derin yaralar a\u00e7\u0131yor bulutlar, ve beni \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar at\u0131p c\u00fcmle kap\u0131lar\u0131 alt\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131na ka\u00e7maya zorluyorlar. Daha emin bir yol olarak metroya binmemi ya da dalgal\u0131 kenarl\u0131 bir \u015fapka sat\u0131n almam\u0131 tavsiye ediyor insanlar bana. \u0130stedikleri kadar \u00e7ocuklarla konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 tonda laf anlats\u0131nlar, ben uzaklarda makaslar\u0131n\u0131 boynumun \u00fcst\u00fcnde bilemek i\u00e7in bekleyen k\u0131rlang\u0131ca bakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m bile. Kentin i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenleri korunmam i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak bir \u00f6dene\u011fi oylamaya koydular, insanlar benim i\u00e7in kendilerini s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokuyorlar. Te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum sizlere, beyler ve han\u0131mlar, o paray\u0131 size minnet ve medeniyet \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde geri vermek isterdim; ama siz hep orada olacakt\u0131n\u0131z ve i\u015fte bu da dik bir yar, g\u00f6lge \u00f6\u011f\u00fcten bir de\u011firmen, mercan i\u011fnecikleriyle donanm\u0131\u015f bir iyili\u011fin katlan\u0131lmaz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaratacakt\u0131 bende. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n varolu\u015funu karma\u015f\u0131k hale getirmeyi giderek daha can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m, ama beni i\u00e7ine koyabilece\u011finiz, h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u0131ss\u0131z olan tek bir ada, ad\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f tek bir koruluk, hatta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 bile kalmad\u0131 ki oradan sizlere bakay\u0131m bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn alt\u0131nda. Ey insanlar\u0131 dikenli yery\u00fcz\u00fc, yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey midir boynuzlu bir at olmak?<\/p>\n

3.Al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f se\u00e7imler<\/em><\/p>\n

Karar veremedi.
Hi\u00e7 karar veremedi.
Aralar\u0131ndan birini se\u00e7sin diye bir muz, Gabriel Marcel\u2019in bir kitab\u0131, naylondan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ift \u00e7orap, garantili b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kahve makinesi, esnek ahlakl\u0131 bir sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n, erken emeklilik \u00f6nerdiler ona, ama o karar veremedi.
Karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden birka\u00e7 memurun, bir rahibin ve b\u00f6lgenin aynas\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n uykular\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131.
Karar veremedi\u011fi i\u00e7in insanlar aralar\u0131nda onun oturma izninin iptalinin gerekip gerekmeyece\u011fini konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
Bunu onun duymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar, \u00f6ylesine gibi, kibar bir \u015fekilde.
\u015e\u00f6yle dedi: “Bu durumda, muzu al\u0131yorum.”
\u0130nsanlar ku\u015fkuland\u0131lar, bu da \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131.
Kahve makinesini ya da en az\u0131ndan sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 daha ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olurdu.
Muzu ye\u011flemesi yine de tuhaf.
Durumu en ba\u015f\u0131ndan ele almaya karar verdiler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arjantinli bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da do\u011fan Cortazar\u2019\u0131n yazarl\u0131\u011fa olan ilgisinin de \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Devaml\u0131 hareket halinde ge\u00e7en bir ya\u015fam, aile i\u00e7i sorunlar ve babas\u0131n\u0131n evi terk etmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zay\u0131f bir b\u00fcnyesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hasta olarak ge\u00e7irmi\u015f yazar. Bu yorucu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, Cortazar\u2019\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5910","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-edebiyat-dunya"},"yoast_head":"\nJulio Cortazar ve K\u0131sa \u00d6yk\u00fcler - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/04\/08\/julio-cortazar-ve-kisa-oykuler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Julio Cortazar ve K\u0131sa \u00d6yk\u00fcler\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arjantinli bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da do\u011fan Cortazar\u2019\u0131n yazarl\u0131\u011fa olan ilgisinin de \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Devaml\u0131 hareket halinde ge\u00e7en bir ya\u015fam, aile i\u00e7i sorunlar ve babas\u0131n\u0131n evi terk etmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zay\u0131f bir b\u00fcnyesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hasta olarak ge\u00e7irmi\u015f yazar. 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