{"id":6692,"date":"2011-08-14T17:50:27","date_gmt":"2011-08-14T14:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2011\/08\/14\/anlayamadiklari-icin-ona-karanlik-adini-takmislardi-herakleitos-orhan-hancerlioglu\/"},"modified":"2011-08-14T17:50:27","modified_gmt":"2011-08-14T14:50:27","slug":"anlayamadiklari-icin-ona-karanlik-adini-takmislardi-herakleitos-orhan-hancerlioglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/08\/14\/anlayamadiklari-icin-ona-karanlik-adini-takmislardi-herakleitos-orhan-hancerlioglu\/","title":{"rendered":"Anlayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ona, ‘karanl\u0131k’ ad\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 | Herakleitos – Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Efes\u2019li Herakleitos (\u0130.\u00d6. 540-480), deneyd\u0131\u015f\u0131 felsefenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok bilimsel ger\u00e7eklerini, deneysel bilimden y\u00fczy\u0131llarca \u00f6nce, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir sezi\u015fle kavram\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ylesine a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki iyice anlayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ona, karanl\u0131k ad\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 bir yana, koca Sokrates bile, kendisine Herakleitos\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 okuyan Euripides\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015f: Anlad\u0131klar\u0131m \u00e7ok g\u00fczel, \u00f6yle san\u0131yorum ki anlamad\u0131klar\u0131m da. Herakleitos\u2019un derinli\u011fine inebilmek i\u00e7in Delos\u2019lu bir dalg\u0131\u00e7 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Herakleitos\u2019un etkileri de pek yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Stoa okulu, Herakleitos\u2019tan, yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Logos \u00f6\u011fretisi, stoa arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Goethe, H\u00f6lderlin, Nikolaus, ona pek \u00e7ok \u015feyler bor\u00e7ludurlar. Hegel, Herakleitos\u2019un loji\u011fime almad\u0131\u011f\u0131m tek s\u00f6z\u00fc yoktur, diyor. Nietzsche \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: D\u00fcnyaya her zaman ger\u00e7ek gerekecek, \u00f6yleyse her zaman Herakleitos gerekecek.<\/p>\n

Soylu bir ailenin b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011fluymu\u015f. B\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011fula kalan kral rahipli\u011fini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyerek karde\u015fine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f. Yurdunda rejim de\u011fi\u015ftirecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcym\u00fc\u015f, tiran Melankomas\u2019\u0131 tiranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 demokrasiye b\u0131rakmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Ama demokrasi de ho\u015funa gitmemi\u015f ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ye\u011fleyerek bir k\u00f6\u015feye \u00e7ekilmi\u015f. Efes\u2019liler kendisinden yasalar yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istedikleri zaman kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bile vermemi\u015f onlara. Bir g\u00fcn Artemis tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklarla a\u015f\u0131k oynuyormu\u015f. Kendisine \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla bakanlara: Ne \u015fa\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z reziller, demi\u015f, sizinle birlikte devleti y\u00f6netmek daha m\u0131 iyi sanki?<\/p>\n

Herakleitos, \u00e7oklukla birlik aras\u0131ndaki k\u00f6kten ili\u015fkiyi sezen ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feylerden bir \u015fey, bir \u015feyden b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feyler, diyebilen ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcr: Benim de\u011fil, logos\u2019un sesini duyduktan sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feylerin bir tek \u015fey oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek bilgeliktir. B\u00fct\u00fcnle b\u00fct\u00fcn olmayan, birlik olanla ikilik olan, anla\u015fma ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131k, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feylerden bir \u015fey ve bir \u015feyden b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feyler logos\u2019ta birle\u015firler.<\/p>\n

Evrendeki sonsuz de\u011fi\u015fmeyi sezmi\u015fti. B\u00fct\u00fcn cisimleri yaln\u0131z bir ve ayn\u0131 \u00f6\u011fenin de\u011fi\u015fmeleri saymaktad\u0131r: G\u00fcnd\u00fcz gece, k\u0131\u015f yaz, sava\u015f bar\u0131\u015f, tokluk a\u00e7l\u0131k, ate\u015fin t\u00fcts\u00fcl\u00fck buharlarla bir araya gelince her birinin kokusuna g\u00f6re adlanmas\u0131 gibi, ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131p de\u011fi\u015fir. Ayn\u0131 \u015feydir ya\u015fayanla \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, uyan\u0131kla uyuyan, gen\u00e7le ya\u015fl\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar de\u011fi\u015fince \u00f6tekilerdir ve \u00f6tekiler de\u011fi\u015fince de bunlard\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczler \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcler, \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcler \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczlerdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n hayat\u0131 onlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, onlar\u0131n hayat\u0131 da bunlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. So\u011fuk \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r, s\u0131cak so\u011fur, ya\u015f kurur, kuru nemlenir. Birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 olan, birlikte giden, birbirinden ayr\u0131lanlardan en g\u00fczel uyarl\u0131k (harmonia). G\u00f6r\u00fcnmez uyarl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnenden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kendinde ikilik olan \u015feyin logos\u2019ta nas\u0131l uyu\u015ftu\u011funu anlamazlar, ters yana d\u00f6nen uyarl\u0131k yayla lyra\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi.\u00a0 Yay\u0131n ad\u0131 hayatt\u0131r, i\u015fiyse \u00f6l\u00fcm. Ama sava\u015f\u0131n (polemos) ortakla\u015fa ve herkes i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu ve her \u015feyin kavgaya ve zorunlu\u011fa g\u00f6re oldu\u011fnnu bilmek gerek. Sava\u015f (polemos), b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015feylerin babas\u0131d\u0131r; birtak\u0131mlar\u0131na Tanr\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirir, birtak\u0131mlar\u0131na insan, birtak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6le yapar, birtak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131ysa \u00f6zg\u00fcr. Karma i\u00e7kide de kat\u0131lanlar, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131nca, birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Herakleitos\u2019a g\u00f6re, her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi halde de\u011fi\u015fmeden kalan bir \u015fey vard\u0131r ki logos\u2019tur. Logos, her \u015feyin nedeni olan tanr\u0131ca bir evren yasas\u0131d\u0131r. Logos\u2019un tam anlam\u0131 Yunancadan ba\u015fka bir dille \u00e7evrilemiyor. S\u00f6z, anlam, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, ak\u0131l anlamlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc birden kapsayan bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr logos. Sonsuzdan gelen ve sonsuza giden logos, kendini kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar ve \u00e7eli\u015fmelerle vermektedir. Logos, bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar ve \u00e7eli\u015fmelerle s\u00fcrekli olarak geli\u015fir ve serpilir. Ama b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7eli\u015fmelerin ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir ve de\u011fi\u015fmeden kal\u0131r. Herakleitos bu sonuca kendi deyi\u015fiyle \u015f\u00f6yle varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Kendi kendimi ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Logos, evrenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Blosom o\u011flu Ephesos\u2019lu Herakeitos der ki: \u00d6\u011fretinin ne demek istedi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in insanlar, logos\u2019un sonsuz oldu\u011fu kadar sonsuz olarak anlay\u0131\u015fs\u0131z olacaklar, duymadan \u00f6nce de, duyduktan sonra da. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her \u015fey bu logos\u2019a uygun oldu\u011fu ve kendileri de her an bunu denemekte olduklar\u0131 halde denemesizlere benzerler. \u0130nsanlar uyan\u0131kken yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda de\u011fildirler, t\u0131pk\u0131 uykudayken olanlar\u0131 unuttuklar\u0131 gibi. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, insanlar\u0131n hepsinde ortakla\u015fad\u0131r. Ortakla\u015fa olan \u015feye uymal\u0131d\u0131r. Ama logos, ortakla\u015fa oldu\u011fu halde \u00e7okluk (Herakleitos bu s\u00f6zle bilgisiz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemektedir; Nietzsche, Herakleitos\u2019un bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc pek \u00e7okluk yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri varm\u0131\u015f gibi ya\u015far. Nas\u0131l ate\u015fe yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcrler ba\u015fkala\u015farak ate\u015flenirler ve uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015firlerse ruhumuz da ortakla\u015fa olan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan gitmekle logos\u2019tan pay al\u0131r, ard\u0131ndan gitmezse logos\u2019suz kal\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Ak\u0131lla konu\u015fmak isteyenler, herkeste ortakla\u015fa olanla kendilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmelidirler, t\u0131pk\u0131 yasayla kent gibi ve \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olarak. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn yasalar\u0131 bir tek yasadan beslenirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu biricik yasa egemenli\u011fini diledi\u011fi kadar geni\u015fletebilir, herkes ve her \u015feye yetti\u011fi gibi artar bile. En \u00e7ok ve s\u00fcrekli olarak bir arada bulunduklar\u0131 \u015fey olan logos\u2019la bile anla\u015fam\u0131yorlar (\u00e7oklar) ve her g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyler onlara yabanc\u0131 geliyor. G\u00fcven olmay\u0131nca logos, tan\u0131man\u0131n elinden kurtulur. \u0130\u00e7lerinden ne kadar \u00e7o\u011fu bunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fsa da \u00e7oklar b\u00f6yle \u015feyleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezler, \u00f6\u011frenseler de tan\u0131mazlar. Fakat kendilerine \u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. En inan\u0131l\u0131r\u0131n tan\u0131y\u0131p bildi\u011fi, saklay\u0131p korudu\u011fu \u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u015feylerdir. Ama hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki Hak Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, yalanlar\u0131n uydurucular\u0131n\u0131 ve tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yakalatacakt\u0131r. Ne dinlemesini ne de konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bilen ki\u015filer, i\u015fittikten sonra anlay\u0131\u015fs\u0131zd\u0131rlar, sa\u011f\u0131rlara benzerler, varl\u0131klar\u0131yla yokluklar\u0131 birdir s\u00f6z\u00fc bunu onlara kan\u0131tlar .<\/p>\n

Herakleitos, her \u015fey ancak kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n kavgas\u0131ndan do\u011far, demekle diyalekti\u011fi pek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olarak kavram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Varl\u0131k yoklu\u011fu, yokluk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011furur. Varl\u0131k ve yokluk, olmak ve olmamak, ya\u015famak ve \u00f6lmek bir ve ayn\u0131 \u015feylerdir. Bunlar ayn\u0131 \u015fey olmasayd\u0131lar de\u011fi\u015ferek birbirleri olamazlard\u0131, yokluk varl\u0131\u011fa, varl\u0131k yoklu\u011fa, \u00f6l\u00fcm hayata ve hayat \u00f6l\u00fcme ge\u00e7emezdi. Daire \u00e7emberi i\u00e7inde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve son ayn\u0131 yerde birle\u015firler. Ke\u00e7eci mengenesinin do\u011fru ve e\u011fri yolu bir ve ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yiyle k\u00f6t\u00fc bir ve ayn\u0131 \u015feydir. Hekimler kesip da\u011flay\u0131p \u00fcstelik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 isterler, sanki hastal\u0131klar bunu bedava yap\u0131n\u0131yormu\u015f gibi. Zaman, oynayan, dama ta\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcren bir \u00e7ocuktur. Oldu\u011fu yerde kalan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur. Ayn\u0131 \u0131rmaklara girenlerin \u00fcst\u00fcne hep ba\u015fka sular akar. Ayn\u0131 \u0131rmaklara hem giriyoruz hem girmiyoruz, hem biziz hem de\u011filiz .<\/p>\n

Ne var ki insanlara, vaktinden \u00f6nce verilmi\u015f bu kadar ger\u00e7ek \u00e7ok geliyor. O \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n se\u00e7kin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri bile, ba\u015fta Sokrates olmak \u00fczere, Herakleitos\u2019un bu s\u00f6zlerinden pek bir \u015fey anlam\u0131yorlar. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 tatl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015flere s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek g\u00fcnl\u00fck ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fam s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, yoksulluklar\u0131n\u0131 biraz olsun unutturabilmek i\u00e7in fizik\u00f6tesi d\u00fc\u015fler gerek. <\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Tarihi | Karanl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde ilk \u0131\u015f\u0131k – Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Efes\u2019li Herakleitos (\u0130.\u00d6. 540-480), deneyd\u0131\u015f\u0131 felsefenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok bilimsel ger\u00e7eklerini, deneysel bilimden y\u00fczy\u0131llarca \u00f6nce, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir sezi\u015fle kavram\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ylesine a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki iyice anlayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ona, karanl\u0131k ad\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 bir yana, koca Sokrates bile, kendisine Herakleitos\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 okuyan Euripides\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015f: Anlad\u0131klar\u0131m \u00e7ok g\u00fczel, \u00f6yle san\u0131yorum ki anlamad\u0131klar\u0131m da. Herakleitos\u2019un […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6692","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-felsefe-genel"},"yoast_head":"\nAnlayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ona, 'karanl\u0131k' ad\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 | Herakleitos - Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/08\/14\/anlayamadiklari-icin-ona-karanlik-adini-takmislardi-herakleitos-orhan-hancerlioglu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anlayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ona, 'karanl\u0131k' ad\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015flard\u0131 | Herakleitos - Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Efes\u2019li Herakleitos (\u0130.\u00d6. 540-480), deneyd\u0131\u015f\u0131 felsefenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok bilimsel ger\u00e7eklerini, deneysel bilimden y\u00fczy\u0131llarca \u00f6nce, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir sezi\u015fle kavram\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ylesine a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki iyice anlayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ona, karanl\u0131k ad\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 bir yana, koca Sokrates bile, kendisine Herakleitos\u2019un yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 okuyan Euripides\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015f: Anlad\u0131klar\u0131m \u00e7ok g\u00fczel, \u00f6yle san\u0131yorum ki anlamad\u0131klar\u0131m da. 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