{"id":6701,"date":"2011-08-27T13:36:28","date_gmt":"2011-08-27T10:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2011\/08\/27\/kitle-hilesi-olarak-aydinlanma-theodor-adorno\/"},"modified":"2011-08-27T13:36:28","modified_gmt":"2011-08-27T10:36:28","slug":"kitle-hilesi-olarak-aydinlanma-theodor-adorno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/08\/27\/kitle-hilesi-olarak-aydinlanma-theodor-adorno\/","title":{"rendered":"Kitle Hilesi Olarak Ayd\u0131nlanma | Theodor Adorno"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nesnel olarak nitelenen dinin deste\u011finin yitimi, kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n feshi olan sosyolojik teori, teknolojik ve sosyal farkl\u0131la\u015fma ya da uzmanla\u015fmayla birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir kaosa \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ederek her g\u00fcn yanl\u0131\u015flan\u0131yor; \u00fcstelik \u015fimdi ayn\u0131 etkiyi her\u015fey \u00fczerinde yarat\u0131yor. Filmler, radyo ve dergiler her par\u00e7ada ve b\u00fct\u00fcnde hep ayn\u0131 kalan bir sistem olu\u015fturuyor! Politik kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n estetik aktiviteleri bile kesin olan sistemin ritmine gayretli bir itaat i\u00e7erisinde\u2026<\/p>\n

Otoriter \u00fclkelerde etkileyici end\u00fcstriyel y\u00f6netim b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ve sergi merkezleri hemen hemen birbirleriyle ayn\u0131. Uluslarararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin dahiyane planlamas\u0131 olan; her yerde boy g\u00f6steren muazzam parlakl\u0131ktaki kuleler ivme kazanm\u0131\u015f olan serbestle\u015fmi\u015f giri\u015fimci sistemin d\u0131\u015fardan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri\u2026 \u015eimdi betondan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fehir merkezlerinin yan\u0131nda daha eski evler gececekondu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve dayan\u0131ks\u0131z yap\u0131lar\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131n eteklerindeki yeni evler teknik ilerlemelerinin \u00f6vg\u00fcleri i\u00e7erisinde bir teneke gibi kenara at\u0131lmay\u0131 bekliyor. \u015eehir iskan projeleri, bireyi; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, rakibine daha \u00f6nemsizmi\u015f gibi davranan biri haline getirdi bile; i\u015fte kapitalizmin ger\u00e7ek g\u00fcc\u00fc\u2026\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yerle\u015fimciler, t\u00fcketiciler ve \u00fcreticiler olmak \u00fczere ayn\u0131 i\u015fin ve zevkin merkezine \u00e7ekildiler, t\u00fcm ya\u015fayan varl\u0131klar iyi i\u015fleyen komplekslere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcverdi. Toplumun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck gruplar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 birlikteli\u011fi, erkekleri bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir modeli olarak sundu: belirli ve genel olan\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f kimli\u011fi, Suni \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin \u00e7izgileri g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flayan tekel alt\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri \u00f6zde\u015ftir. En y\u00fcksek mevkilerdeki insanlar bu tekelin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc saklamakla pek ilgili de\u011fildir, \u015fidddeti ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenecektir. Sinema ve radyo sanatm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyi \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre devam ettirmez. Ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki bunlar yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretilen \u015feyin yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak ad\u0131na olu\u015fturulan ideolojinin i\u00e7eri\u011fidir\u2026 Kendilerine end\u00fcstri ad\u0131n\u0131 veren bunlar, y\u00f6neticilerinin geliri yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki \u00fcrettikleri mal\u0131n sosyal faydas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek durumda de\u011fillerdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgili kesimler k\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisini teknolojik terimlerle a\u00e7\u0131klar. Zorunlu olan kopya ilerlemelerin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak pek \u00e7ok yerde ayn\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle tatmin edilebilen benzer gereksinimlere ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu, milyonlarcas\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fczden onun i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Teknik z\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranlarda da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yayg\u0131n t\u00fcketim noktalar\u0131 ve az say\u0131da \u00fcretim merkezi, y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan pl\u00e2nlamaya ve organizasyona gereksinim duydu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Bununla birlikte iddia edilir ki, t\u00fcketicilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlanan standartlar ilk s\u0131raya yerle\u015ftirilir, bu y\u00fczden de \u00e7ok az direnmeyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015farak kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7 sistemin birli\u011fini daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek manip\u00fclasyon ve hukuk ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fidir. Teknolojinin toplum \u00fczerinde elde etti\u011fi g\u00fcc\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli boyutunun bunlar\u0131n toplum \u00fczerindeki ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011finden bahsedilmez. Teknolojik neden kendi bask\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedenidir. O kendinden ayr\u0131 olan toplumun zorlay\u0131c\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131d\u0131r. Arabalar, bombalar, sinemalar; onlar\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 seviye, onun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nde ilerletti\u011fini g\u00f6sterene kadar onlar\u0131 birlik halinde tutar. O k\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisini standardizasyon ve kitle \u00fcretiminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan daha ileriye g\u00f6t\u00fcremedi; hem de i\u015fin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sosyal ya\u015fam aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm i\u00e7erikleri feda ederek.<\/p>\n

Bu teknolojideki ilerleme yasas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu de\u011fil ama bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ekonomisinin bir fonksiyonu. Merkezi kontrole direnebilme bilinci \u00e7oktan ki\u015fisel bilin\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda\u2026 Telefondan radyoya ge\u00e7i\u015f rolleri farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6ncekisi aboneye kendi rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynama izni verdi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcyd\u00fc; sonraki ise demokratt\u0131: t\u00fcm kat\u0131lanlar\u0131 dinleyiciler haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc ve onlar\u0131 otoriter bir \u015fekilde hemen birbirleriyle ayn\u0131 olan radyo programlar\u0131 yay\u0131nlamaya zorlad\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 durabilecek makinalar icat edilemedi ve \u00f6zel yay\u0131mc\u0131lar \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Varoldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen amat\u00f6rler alan\u0131na hapsedildiler ve yukar\u0131dan gelen d\u00fczenlemeleri kabul etmek zorundayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ama resmi yay\u0131mlamada halkta kendili\u011finden olu\u015fan her iz profosyoneller taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen kaliteli insan bulucular, st\u00fcdyo yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve resmi programlar\u0131n her t\u00fcr\u00fcyle kontrol edilir ve so\u011frulur. Kaliteli olanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6ncelerden onlar\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla bilmedi\u011fi bir end\u00fcsriye ait olur. B\u00f6yle olmasayd\u0131; i\u00e7inde olmaya \u00e7ok fazla istekli olmazlard\u0131. Halk\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde ve ger\u00e7ekte k\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisinin sistemine yard\u0131m eden, sistemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve bu davran\u0131\u015f onun i\u00e7in bir kusur de\u011fil. Sanat\u0131n herhangi bir dal\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7evre ve i\u00e7erik olarak ayn\u0131 yolu izlerse, e\u011fer g\u00fcnl\u00fck haberlerin etkileyici entrikalar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fczik tecr\u00fcbesinin terazisinin her iki taraf\u0131ndaki teknik sorunlar\u0131 a\u015fmaktan ba\u015fka bir\u015feyi g\u00f6stermeye yetmezse(ger\u00e7ek jazz veye ucuz taklitler), veya Beethoven senfonisinden hareketle kabaca bir film m\u00fczi\u011fi, Tolstoy roman\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde, uyarlan\u0131rsa; e\u011fer bunlar b\u00f6yleyse halk\u0131n i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel isteklerinin tatmin edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131 koskoca bir balondan ibarettir.<\/p>\n

Theodor Adorno – Kitle Hilesi Olarak Ayd\u0131nlanma
\u00c7eviren : Volkan \u00c7elebi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nesnel olarak nitelenen dinin deste\u011finin yitimi, kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n feshi olan sosyolojik teori, teknolojik ve sosyal farkl\u0131la\u015fma ya da uzmanla\u015fmayla birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir kaosa \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ederek her g\u00fcn yanl\u0131\u015flan\u0131yor; \u00fcstelik \u015fimdi ayn\u0131 etkiyi her\u015fey \u00fczerinde yarat\u0131yor. Filmler, radyo ve dergiler her par\u00e7ada ve b\u00fct\u00fcnde hep ayn\u0131 kalan bir sistem olu\u015fturuyor! Politik kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n estetik aktiviteleri bile […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6701","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-dunya"},"yoast_head":"\nKitle Hilesi Olarak Ayd\u0131nlanma | Theodor Adorno - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/08\/27\/kitle-hilesi-olarak-aydinlanma-theodor-adorno\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kitle Hilesi Olarak Ayd\u0131nlanma | Theodor Adorno\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nesnel olarak nitelenen dinin deste\u011finin yitimi, kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n feshi olan sosyolojik teori, teknolojik ve sosyal farkl\u0131la\u015fma ya da uzmanla\u015fmayla birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir kaosa \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ederek her g\u00fcn yanl\u0131\u015flan\u0131yor; \u00fcstelik \u015fimdi ayn\u0131 etkiyi her\u015fey \u00fczerinde yarat\u0131yor. 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