{"id":6834,"date":"2011-10-06T12:31:51","date_gmt":"2011-10-06T09:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2011\/10\/06\/bolsevik-partinin-icinde-orgutculuguyle-on-plana-cikmis-uralli-delikanli-yakov-mihailovic-sverdlov\/"},"modified":"2011-10-06T12:31:51","modified_gmt":"2011-10-06T09:31:51","slug":"bolsevik-partinin-icinde-orgutculuguyle-on-plana-cikmis-uralli-delikanli-yakov-mihailovic-sverdlov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/10\/06\/bolsevik-partinin-icinde-orgutculuguyle-on-plana-cikmis-uralli-delikanli-yakov-mihailovic-sverdlov\/","title":{"rendered":"Bol\u015fevik parti’nin i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, urall\u0131 delikanl\u0131 | Yakov Mihailovi\u00e7 Sverdlov"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cSverdlov yolda\u015f, devrimimiz boyunca ve devrimimizin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferlerde, proletarya devriminin temel ve en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerini herkesten daha eksiksiz ve tam olarak cisimle\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sverdlov yolda\u015f\u0131n proletarya devriminin bir \u00f6nderi olmas\u0131nda, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131, belki de onun devrim davas\u0131na olan sonsuz ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bile fazlad\u0131r.\u201d (Lenin)
<\/em><\/p>\n

“Yolda\u015f Andrey! Yolda\u015f Andrey\u00b4i ki\u015fisel olarak bir kez bile g\u00f6rmemi\u015f olmama ra\u011fmen, bu ismi duymu\u015ftum. Bize, yeni MK g\u00f6revlisi Yolda\u015f Andrey\u00b4in m\u00fckemmel bir \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici, ajitat\u00f6r ve propagandac\u0131 oldu\u011funu, her tarafa girip \u00e7\u0131karak herkesle tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7o\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015f sorular\u0131 cevapland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015flerdi… \u0130sset nehri baraj\u0131ndan uzak olmayan bir yerde, refakat\u00e7im dikkatimi, s\u0131radan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc, olduk\u00e7a gen\u00e7 bir adam\u0131n, bir delikanl\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00f6neltti. Gen\u00e7 adam\u0131n d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta g\u00f6ze batm\u0131yordu: Orta boylu, ince ve dik duru\u015fluydu. S\u0131k, dalgal\u0131 siyah sa\u00e7\u0131, hafif\u00e7e arkaya itilmi\u015f \u015fapkas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndan diken gibi d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. C\u0131l\u0131z bir g\u00f6vdeyi, sade, siyah bir Rus mintan\u0131 sarmal\u0131yordu. Ceket omuza at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, sakin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc g\u00f6vdeden delikanl\u0131 co\u015fkunluk f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yordu. Giymi\u015f oldu\u011fu her\u015fey eski, ama temiz ve tertipliydi. Genel izlenim iyiydi. Ama o ne kadar da gen\u00e7ti! \u00c7ok\u00e7a konu\u015fulan Yolda\u015f Andrey bu muydu’ Refakat\u00e7ime soru dolu g\u00f6zlerle bakt\u0131m. Sessiz ve ancak farkedilebilir bir \u015fekilde ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fckt\u00fc, kolumu b\u0131rakt\u0131, ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatt\u0131 ve geri kald\u0131… Konu\u015fmam\u0131z, sanki eskiden beri ve iyi tan\u0131yormu\u015fuz gibi canl\u0131 ve do\u011fal oldu. Andrey\u00b4in sesi olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici; derin ve yumu\u015fak, bas bir sesti. Bu ses, \u00f6nce, onun c\u0131l\u0131z g\u00f6vdesine hi\u00e7 de uymuyor g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyordu. Ama birka\u00e7 dakika sonra izlenimin tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayboldu; evet, bu insan ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc konu\u015famazd\u0131! …” E\u015fi Klavdiya Sverdlova<\/em><\/p>\n

1885’de do\u011fan, lise \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda “yasakl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131” okudu\u011fu i\u00e7in Okuldan at\u0131lan Sverdlov \u00e7ok yak\u0131n dostuyla birlikte 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda Rusya’daki devrimci m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Zaman ilerledik\u00e7e i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 aras\u0131nda fabrikalarda yoksul i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda en sevilen bol\u015feviklerden birisi olmu\u015ftur. RSD\u0130P i\u00e7inde iyi bir ajitat\u00f6r,b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici ve herkese umut veren \u00e7evresini mutlu eden ne\u015fesiyle herkes taraf\u0131ndan hemen sevilmi\u015ftir.
Sosyal demokrat harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan iki y\u0131l sonra Iskra’c\u0131lara dahil olan ve Bol\u015fevik-Men\u015fevik kopu\u015fundan itibaren, bir gezgin illegal \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Sverdlov, Bol\u015fevik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin yeralt\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli isimlerinden biriydi. Sverdlov, tutuklu ya da s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre boyunca yeralt\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ipliklerinin birbirlerine ba\u011flanmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve yeri doldurulmaz bir i\u015flev y\u00fcklendi. \u00d6rg\u00fcte hakimiyeti ve kadrolar\u0131n neredeyse bir bir tan\u0131nmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 engin deneyim ve haf\u0131zas\u0131yla sadece Bol\u015fevik Partisi’nin geli\u015fmesi ve s\u00fcreklili\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 olmakla kalmad\u0131, bu birikim ve deneyimi onun ayn\u0131 zamanda Sovyet Devleti’nin in\u015fas\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6rev almas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kadrolar\u0131n se\u00e7imi, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n uyumlu bir bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve faaliyetin s\u00fcreklili\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmesi alan\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z deneyimle pi\u015ferek gelen Sverdlov, devrimin insan malzemesinin ve kadro potansiyelinin en iyi ve en uygun mevkilerde de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir kaftand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sverdlov ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n 1\/3’\u00fcn\u00fc cezaevi ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerde ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok defa yakalan\u0131p hapse konulmu\u015f , s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Uzun hapis ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn d\u00f6nemlerinde hi\u00e7bir yard\u0131m almadan Almanca ve \u0130ngilizce \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve en \u00f6nemli Marksist klasikleri ana dilinden okuma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.Ve cezaevlerini birer “Parti \u00dcniversitesi” olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u0131yab\u0131nda merkez komiteye se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcm Rusya Merkez Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Kurulu(MYK) ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinide \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir ya\u015fam\u0131 son bulana kadarda bu g\u00f6revlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.Lenin’in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Halk Komiserleri Konseyi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Fakat \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcredir bu.\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra uzun s\u00fcre g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yekaterinburg kentine Sverdlovsk ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yakov Mihailovi\u00e7 Sverdlov (Rus\u00e7a: \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u043e; d. 22 May\u0131s (3 Haziran) 1885, Nijniy Novgorod – \u00f6. 16 Mart 1919, Oryol), Rusya Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi merkezi komite \u00fcyesi, Mart 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130spanyol gribi salg\u0131n\u0131 sonucu \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f Rus politikac\u0131. 1885 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nijni-Novgorod kentinde do\u011fmu\u015ftur.
<\/em>
***<\/p>\n

“Sverdlov yolda\u015f\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131 sadece bir devrimcinin davaya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ebedi bir simgesi olarak kalmayacak. O sadece pratik kavray\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve pratik c\u00fcretin birle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir \u00f6rnek; kitlelerle tam bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve onlar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirme kapasitesinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak kalmayacak. Sverdlov yolda\u015f\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda say\u0131lar\u0131 herg\u00fcn artan proleter y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n, onun \u00f6rne\u011finden esinlerek durmaks\u0131z\u0131n ileri d\u00fcnya kom\u00fcnist devriminin tam zaferine kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn de teminat\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.” (Lenin, Sverdlov’un An\u0131s\u0131na Konu\u015fma, TE; c.29; s.86-91)<\/p>\n

Kof \u00f6vg\u00fclere ne kadar uzak oldu\u011fu bilinen Lenin’in Sverdlov’un ard\u0131ndan sarfetti\u011fi bu s\u00f6zlerin abartmas\u0131z bir tasvir oldu\u011funu bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka tan\u0131kl\u0131k da do\u011fruluyor. Daha sonraki geli\u015fmeler de Sverdlov’un yeri kolay doldurulamayan bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Sverdlov’da cisimle\u015fen \u00f6zellikler, onun ki\u015fisel meziyetlerinden \u00e7ok, bu meziyetlerin \u015fekillenmesine ve a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na hizmet eden Bol\u015fevik Parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc. As\u0131l yeri doldurulamayan\u0131n da bu oldu\u011fu vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sverdlov, \u00f6rg\u00fcte hakimiyeti ve kadrolar\u0131 neredeyse bir bir tan\u0131mas\u0131na dayal\u0131 engin deneyim ve haf\u0131zas\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131; bir de inan\u0131lmaz bir tempoda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile. Luna\u00e7arski\u00a0 onu \u015f\u00f6yle tasvir etti:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026neredeyse binlerce parti militan\u0131n\u0131 bir bir tan\u0131r ve hat\u0131rlard\u0131; haf\u0131zas\u0131 partinin ansiklopedisi gibiydi\u2026 \u00c7\u0131lg\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma temposuna, ate\u015fli bir i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131nca buz gibi ve sakin bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131. \u2026 Al\u00e7ak bir sesle konu\u015fur, hafif ad\u0131mlarla y\u00fcr\u00fcr, a\u011f\u0131r ve yumu\u015fak hareket ederdi \u2026 s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00absakin olun, acele etmeyin; bu kendine hakimiyeti g\u00f6sterir\u00bb derdi\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cE\u011fer devrim insan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen yorulmak bilmez bir \u00e7ok insan\u0131 ileri \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131ysa, Sverdlov onlardan biriydi. Ne zaman yemek yedi\u011fini ve ne zaman uyudu\u011funu anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. E\u011fer Lenin ve ba\u015fka birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi devrime ideolojik rehberlik ettiyse, onlarla y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda, Parti veya Sovyet ayg\u0131t\u0131 ile t\u00fcm Rusya aras\u0131nda, bir mekik gibi, iletken bir kablo gibi Sverdlov vard\u0131. \u2026<\/p>\n

Bu adam adeta sertli\u011fi nedeniyle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir elmas gibi idi; bir mekanizman\u0131n s\u00fcrekli hareket halindeki hassas\u00a0 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekseni olu\u015fturan bir elmas.<\/p>\n

Bu adam buz gibiydi, bu adam elmas gibiydi. Manevi yap\u0131s\u0131 da billur kalitesindeydi; so\u011fuktu ve sivrilikleri vard\u0131. Ki\u015fisel h\u0131rstan o kadar uzakt\u0131 ve ki\u015fisel hesaplardan o denli ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki adeta y\u00fcz\u00fc yoktu. Ki\u015fisel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri de yoktu. Hemen hemen her konuda ortodoks fikirleri vard\u0131; ama neredeyse bunlar\u0131n hepsi genel iradenin birer yans\u0131mas\u0131yd\u0131. \u2026S\u00f6ylediklerinin yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyd\u00fc; ne kadar gerekiyorsa o kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerdi. Ne duygusall\u0131k, ne de entelekt\u00fcel k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar olurdu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yine de Sverdlov\u2019u tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in en do\u011frusu onu Lenin\u2019den dinlemek. Zira Leninist partinin i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc tipinin en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fi idi o;\u00a0 Lenin\u2019in tasavvur etti\u011fi profesyonel \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc onda v\u00fccut buluyordu. Lenin, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada Sverdlov i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n

“Yolda\u015flar, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n emek\u00e7ileri yi\u011fit Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 trajik sonunu anarken biz de Yakov Mihailovi\u00e7 Sverdlov’u topra\u011fa vermek \u00fczere kederli bir \u00f6devle y\u00fcz y\u00fczeyiz. M\u00fccadelelerimiz ve zaferlerimizin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde proleter devriminin en derin ve en \u00f6nemli \u00e7izgilerini en b\u00fct\u00fcnsel ve ba\u015fka herkesten daha tam olarak ifade etmek Sverdlov yolda\u015fa nasip oldu. Onun proleter devriminin rehberi olarak de\u011feri, devrim davas\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok bu \u00f6zelli\u011finde yatmaktad\u0131r…<\/p>\n

“Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki… devrimci \u015fiddet olmasayd\u0131, proletarya zafere ula\u015famazd\u0131; ama ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kesindir ki devrimci \u015fiddet, sadece devrimin belirli anlar\u0131nda, \u00f6zel ko\u015fullarda gerekli ve me\u015fru bir uygulama olmu\u015ftur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k proleter y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi devrimin \u00e7ok daha de\u011fi\u015fmez ve \u00e7ok daha derin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fiydi; ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fuluydu ve hala da \u00f6yledir. Devrimin en sa\u011flam dayanaklar\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n en derin kaynaklar\u0131 milyonlarca emek\u00e7inin \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015finde aranmal\u0131d\u0131r. Proleter devriminin bu y\u00f6n\u00fc, o g\u00fcne kadarki devrimlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitlelerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini kendinde en iyi cisimlendiren \u00f6nderlerin m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her\u015feyden \u00f6nce ve her\u015feyin \u00f6tesinde bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc olan Sverdlov gibi bir insan\u0131 proleter devriminin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yolda\u015flar, devrimcilerin y\u00fcz y\u00fcze geldi\u011fi insafs\u0131z anlarda, \u00e7ok uzun ve bazen ac\u0131l\u0131 devrim haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcresince biz Ruslar \u00e7ok \u00e7ektik; en \u00e7ok da, teori ilkeler ve programla pratik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aras\u0131ndaki mesafeden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ektik.<\/p>\n

Rus devrimci hareketinin tarihi onlarca y\u0131l boyunca devrime ba\u011fl\u0131 ama devrimci \u00fclk\u00fclerine pratik bir uygulama f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulamayan insanlar\u0131n fedakarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n destan\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan proleter devrimi, bir zamanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z insanlar\u0131na, devrimci kavgan\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131na ger\u00e7ek bir zemin sa\u011flad\u0131; sahici bir temel, sahici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, sahici bir dinleyici kitlesi ve tam bir proleter ordusu sundu: B\u00f6ylece bu \u00f6nderler meydana gelebildiler. Bu sayede baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6ze g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr yerlere vard\u0131lar; pratik bir \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici olarak,\u00a0 hakk\u0131yla elde etti\u011fi mevkiye ula\u015fan Sverdlov i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi.<\/p>\n

Proleter devriminin bu rehberinin katetti\u011fi yola bir g\u00f6z att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc yetene\u011finin uzun bir m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.\u00a0 Hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r devrimci \u00f6zellikleri, farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerin s\u0131navlar\u0131ndan en g\u00fc\u00e7 devrimci faaliyet ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erken \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir; \u00f6rste demir d\u00f6ver gibi kendisini bi\u00e7imlendirmi\u015ftir…Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren bizim g\u00f6zlerimizde Sverdlov yolda\u015f profesyonel devrimci tipinin en tamamlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rne\u011fiydi; t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ve kay\u0131ts\u0131z olarak kendini devrime vakfedebilmek i\u00e7in ailesiyle, k\u00f6hne burjuva toplumunun \u00f6rf ve adetleriyle t\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 koparm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hapishaneden s\u00fcrg\u00fcne, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden hapishaneye gide gele ge\u00e7en uzun y\u0131llar boyunca, devrimcilere hayatlar\u0131 boyunca damga vuran \u00f6zellikleri, \u00f6rste demir d\u00f6ver gibi \u015fekillendirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte bu profesyonel devrimci asla ve hi\u00e7bir zaman kitlelerden kopmad\u0131. \u00c7ar\u0131k rejimi t\u00fcm devrimcilere dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi onu da illegal ve gizli faaliyete mahkum etmi\u015fti; ama bu durumlarda bile Sverdlov yolda\u015f daima \u00f6nc\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilerle omuz omuza, el ele y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren, bu \u00f6nc\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iler ayd\u0131n \u00e7evrelerden \u00e7\u0131kan eski devrimci ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n yerini almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrekli kavgan\u0131n i\u00e7inde olup, kitlelerden asla kopmayan, Rusya’y\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman terketmeyen, daima en ileri i\u015f\u00e7ilerle birlikte hareket eden bu insana damga vuran uzun illegal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yoludur. Devrimcileri hayattan kopuk ya\u015famaya mahkum eden bask\u0131lara ra\u011fmen o, hem i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sevdi\u011fi, pratik hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f ve derin bilgiye sahip bir \u00f6nder hem de ileri proleterlerin \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi olarak yeti\u015fmi\u015fti. Onun kendini bu bi\u00e7imde yeti\u015ftirebilmesini sa\u011flayan ko\u015fullar illegal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bu ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer baz\u0131lar\u0131… kendini tamamen illegal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u011flayan bir profesyonel devrimcinin \u00f6zelliklerinin onu kitlelerden kopartacak nitelikte oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa ki genellikle has\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z ve hangi tarafta yer alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyenler b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir Sverdlov’un devrimci faaliyetinin sergiledi\u011fi \u00f6rnek bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Tam tersine bu \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermektedir ki say\u0131s\u0131z hapishaneleri ve Sibirya’n\u0131n en uzak s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yerlerini tan\u0131yan pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, kendini tamamen devrime vakfetmek Sverdlov gibi \u00f6nderleri, proletaryam\u0131z\u0131n en iyi unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer bu fedakarl\u0131k ruhu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve hapis ko\u015fullar\u0131nda birbirleriyle insani ili\u015fkilere girme ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel sorunlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleme yetene\u011fiyle birle\u015firse i\u015fte o zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler yeti\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130llegal \u00e7evrelerin, gizli devrimci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, gizli parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini hi\u00e7 kimse Sverdlov kadar b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde cisimle\u015ftirip ifadeye kavu\u015fturamad\u0131. \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bu pratik okul sayesinde ve sadece bu sayede Sverdlov ilk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti’nin en \u00f6n s\u0131radaki ki\u015fili\u011fi mevkiine ula\u015fabildi; yani geni\u015f proleter y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fclerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. …<\/p>\n

Tarih bize uzun zamand\u0131r g\u00f6steriyor ki, b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimler, m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ne f\u0131rlatmaktad\u0131r. O zamana kadar imkans\u0131z san\u0131lan yeteneklerin geli\u015fmesine imkan vermektedir. \u0130llegal \u00e7evrelerin ve gizli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n okulundan, bask\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partinin okulundan, Turukhansk zindan\u0131ndan mutlak surette tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir otoritenin \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131na kim inan\u0131rd\u0131…<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylesine \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc yetene\u011fini kendinde cisimle\u015ftiren bir insan\u0131n yeri doldurulamaz… Yakov Mihayilovi\u00e7’i yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yan hi\u00e7 kimse, onun bitmek bilmeyen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemi\u015f olanlardan hi\u00e7 biri bu konuda teredd\u00fct etmeyecektir: Yakov Mihayilovi\u00e7’in yeri doldurulamaz. O’nun kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme alan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; insan se\u00e7imi ve bu insanlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik alanlarda sorumlu mevkilerde g\u00f6revlendirilmesi idi. Sverdlov yolda\u015f\u0131n kendi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6netti\u011fi i\u015flerin her birini ayr\u0131 faaliyet dallar\u0131na ay\u0131r\u0131p her birini farkl\u0131 bir grup insana devretti\u011fimiz taktirde ve bunlar onun \u00e7izdi\u011fi yolu takip ettikleri m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, ancak o zaman onun tek ba\u015f\u0131na yerine getirdi\u011fi g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmeyi becerebilirler…<\/p>\n

Sverdlov yolda\u015f\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131 sadece bir devrimcinin davaya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ebedi bir sembol\u00fc olarak kalmayacak. O sadece pratik kavray\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve pratik c\u00fcretin birle\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir \u00f6rnek; kitlelerle tam bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve onlar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirme kapasitesinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak kalmayacak. Sverdlov yolda\u015f\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda ondan esinlenen ve say\u0131lar\u0131 herg\u00fcn artmakta olan proleter y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n durmaks\u0131z\u0131n ileri gitmelerinin, d\u00fcnya kom\u00fcnist devriminin tam zaferine kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin de teminat\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.” (Lenin, Sverdlov’un An\u0131s\u0131na Konu\u015fma, TE; C.29; S.8691)”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cSverdlov yolda\u015f, devrimimiz boyunca ve devrimimizin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferlerde, proletarya devriminin temel ve en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerini herkesten daha eksiksiz ve tam olarak cisimle\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sverdlov yolda\u015f\u0131n proletarya devriminin bir \u00f6nderi olmas\u0131nda, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131, belki de onun devrim davas\u0131na olan sonsuz ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bile fazlad\u0131r.\u201d (Lenin) “Yolda\u015f Andrey! Yolda\u015f Andrey\u00b4i ki\u015fisel olarak bir kez bile g\u00f6rmemi\u015f olmama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6834","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel-tarih"},"yoast_head":"\nBol\u015fevik parti'nin i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, urall\u0131 delikanl\u0131 | Yakov Mihailovi\u00e7 Sverdlov - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2011\/10\/06\/bolsevik-partinin-icinde-orgutculuguyle-on-plana-cikmis-uralli-delikanli-yakov-mihailovic-sverdlov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bol\u015fevik parti'nin i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, urall\u0131 delikanl\u0131 | Yakov Mihailovi\u00e7 Sverdlov\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cSverdlov yolda\u015f, devrimimiz boyunca ve devrimimizin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferlerde, proletarya devriminin temel ve en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerini herkesten daha eksiksiz ve tam olarak cisimle\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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