{"id":6896,"date":"2012-08-27T23:04:17","date_gmt":"2012-08-27T20:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2012\/08\/27\/dusunce-tarihi-cocuklar-icin-ozgurluk-orhan-hancerlioglu\/"},"modified":"2012-08-27T23:04:17","modified_gmt":"2012-08-27T20:04:17","slug":"dusunce-tarihi-cocuklar-icin-ozgurluk-orhan-hancerlioglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2012\/08\/27\/dusunce-tarihi-cocuklar-icin-ozgurluk-orhan-hancerlioglu\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Tarihi | \u00c7ocuklar \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck – Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc, bilgini ve sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn idealist ve metafizik kamp yanda\u015flar\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri ezen bask\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerini, gene metafizikte ve idealizmde aramak gibi bir \u00e7eli\u015fkiye d\u00fc\u015ferler. Comte, Mach, Avenarius, varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk, yeniolguculuk vb. metafizi\u011fin tam ortas\u0131nda oturduklar\u0131 halde metafizi\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir bak\u0131ma bu, onlar i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonu\u00e7tur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc metafizik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce y\u00f6ntemiyle ancak metafizi\u011fe ve idealizme var\u0131l\u0131r. XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l tanr\u0131tan\u0131mazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu k\u0131s\u0131rd\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Frans\u0131z romanc\u0131s\u0131 Roger Martin du Gard (1881-1958), Jean Barois adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc bir \u00f6rne\u011fi sergiliyor.<\/p>\n

Vatikan Ruhani Meclisi, 1870 y\u0131l\u0131 toplant\u0131s\u0131nda oybirli\u011fiyle kabul etti\u011fi Dei Filius anayasas\u0131n\u0131, \u015fu kesin kurallarla s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Her kim, kutsal kitaplar\u0131, XXX’ncu y\u0131l Ruhani Meclisinin bildirdi\u011fi gibi, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckleri i\u00e7inde ve b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle kilise kurallar\u0131na uygun saymaz da bunlar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 bildirisi oldu\u011funa inanmazsa o kimseye lanet olsun. Her kim, bilimin geli\u015fmesine g\u00f6re kilisenin ileris\u00fcrece\u011fi dogmalara, kilisenin anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamdan ba\u015fka bir anlam verirse, o kimseye lanet olsun. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n bildirdi\u011fi insan \u00f6\u011fretisi, insan zekas\u0131n\u0131n yetkinliklerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, Tanr\u0131sal bir arma\u011fan gibi titizlikle saklanmak ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden \u00f6\u011fretilmek \u00fczere \u0130sa’n\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131 olan kiliseye verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu anayasa, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n akla ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yorumlama yoluyla ho\u015f g\u00f6rmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 da defterden siliyordu. \u0130\u015fte, gen\u00e7 Jean Barois da bunlardan biridir. Art\u0131k yapacak tek \u015fey kal\u0131yordu. Barois, ayn\u0131 \u00e7abayla \u00e7abalamakta olan bir arkada\u015f\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: Bizi b\u0131rakan, ona do\u011fru y\u00f6neltti\u011fimiz \u00e7abalar\u0131 su\u00e7 sayan bu kocam\u0131\u015f s\u00fctnineye, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmayan bir sevgiyle ne diye yap\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalmal\u0131?.. Sizi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da, \u00f6zg\u00fcr havada bekliyorum karde\u015fim.<\/p>\n

Jean Barois, Trocaderoda’da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc karga\u015fal\u0131k i\u00e7inde, kimileri, ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 bilime, eski dinciliklerinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 getirmek isteyeceklerdir. Buna izin vermeyelim. Ger\u00e7ekte art\u0131k yeni bir Tanr\u0131ya da yer yoktur. Co\u015fkun hayal g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bu sonuca boyun e\u011fmeleri gerekir. Kendisiyle ilgilenmeyen, kendisini a\u015fan bir do\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insan, s\u0131kla\u015fmak, bir araya gelmek, daha \u00e7ok dayan\u0131\u015fmak gere\u011fini duyacakt\u0131r. Elli y\u0131l \u00f6nceki duyguya dayanan maddecilik, bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden de uzakla\u015facakt\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, onun ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 bilinmezin enginlerine do\u011fru g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. Yapabilece\u011fimiz iki u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 var. Biri ki\u015fisel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z, \u00f6teki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n e\u011fitimi… Hem kendimize, hem de bizim ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 izleyenlere kar\u015f\u0131 namuslu davranmak. \u0130\u015fte ahlak kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdilik en bellisi, en \u015fa\u015fmaz\u0131. Hi\u00e7bir sava\u015f el alt\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemez, e\u015fit silahlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Papazlar\u0131n okul a\u00e7makta, bu okullarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n alt\u0131 g\u00fcnde yoktan var edildi\u011fini, \u0130sa’n\u0131n Tanr\u0131 babayla bir k\u0131z o\u011flan k\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu\u011funu ve cesedinin g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fckten \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra g\u00f6\u011fe \u00e7ekilmek \u00fczere mezardan kendi kendine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gitti\u011fini, o g\u00fcnden beri cennette Tanr\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda oturdu\u011funu \u00f6\u011fretmekte serbest kalmalar\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ad\u0131na, gereklidir. Evet, onlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakal\u0131m, b\u0131rakal\u0131m ama biz de akl\u0131n, bilimin b\u00fct\u00fcn yard\u0131m\u0131yla Katolik dininin art\u0131k inan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan safl\u0131klar \u00fcst\u00fcne kuruldu\u011funu tan\u0131tlayacak okullar a\u00e7makta serbest olal\u0131m. Yalanla ger\u00e7ek; kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 serbest kal\u0131nca, yalan hi\u00e7bir zaman tutunamaz. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, evet ama, yaln\u0131z din dersi okutan papaz i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ak\u0131l i\u00e7in de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck. Ah dostlar\u0131m, \u015funu hayk\u0131rarak s\u00f6zlerimi bitirmek isterim: \u00c7ocuklar i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck!..<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 neydi?.. Huzur. Din, bu huzuru kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Roman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ki\u015fisi Luc, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncededir: Ne yaz\u0131k ki, gururland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vicdan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fczlerce mistik ku\u015faklarla elde etmi\u015fiz. B\u00f6ylesine bir zenginlik kolayl\u0131kla f\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131p at\u0131lamazd\u0131. Ahretiniz, ger\u00e7ekten de, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir bulu\u015ftur. Bu, \u00f6yle uzak bir vaattir ki, ak\u0131l, g\u00f6nl\u00fcn buna inanmas\u0131na engel olamaz. Siz ona b\u00f6ylesine bir d\u00fc\u015fle umut verdiniz. Benim umudumsa, iyili\u011fe do\u011fru harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7abalar\u0131n yok edilemez oldu\u011funa inanmakt\u0131r. Benim umudum, sizinki gibi, akl\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7! diye direnmez. Tersine, akl\u0131m bu umudu destekler. Akl\u0131m, hayat\u0131n bo\u015f bir hareket, ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in bir bahane, ki\u015fisel mutlulu\u011fa do\u011fru bir yar\u0131\u015fma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Akl\u0131m, bana, hareketlerimin evrensel \u00e7abayla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Her yerde umut verici nedenler buldurur. Gene her yerde, hayat\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmden do\u011fdu\u011funu, g\u00fcc\u00fcn ac\u0131dan do\u011fdu\u011funu, bilimin yanl\u0131\u015ftan do\u011fdu\u011funu, ahengin ahenksizlikten do\u011fdu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Evet say\u0131n rahibim, sizin inan\u0131n\u0131z kadar de\u011ferli bir, inand\u0131r bu. \u0130nsan, mutlulu\u011fa, ancak hi\u00e7bir seraba aldanmadan, ger\u00e7ekle varabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm, hayat\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indedir. Do\u011fum d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ne kadar do\u011fal buluyorsam, \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini de o kadar do\u011fal buluyorum. Siz, o u\u011fursuz dakikaya, nas\u0131l huzur i\u00e7inde bir bilincin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla katlanabiliyorsan\u0131z, ben de \u00f6yle katlan\u0131yorum. Bu huzura siz ne ad veriyorsan\u0131z ben de ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 veriyorum. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00fcven de\u011fil midir? \u0130\u015fte ben de bu g\u00fcveni duyuyorum. Bu g\u00fcveni, yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle de g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fini bilen, Sokrates de duymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Luc, bu s\u00f6zlerini, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla da tan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6lece\u011fi s\u0131rada, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ba\u015f ucunda toplan\u0131yorlar. Oysa, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu ba\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde, birer birer elini gezdiriyor. Kendi kendine konu\u015fuyormu\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na m\u0131r\u0131ldan\u0131yor: \u00c7ocuklar\u0131m ne kadar g\u00fczeldir.<\/p>\n

Ya bu Tanr\u0131s\u0131z evrende olup bitenler?.. Onu da, roman\u0131n bir ba\u015fka ki\u015fisi, gen\u00e7 Dalier a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: Nedenler, k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne ve hi\u00e7bir amaca y\u00f6nelmeden birbirlerini do\u011fururlar. Evrende hi\u00e7bir \u015fey, ne bir y\u00f6n\u00fc, ne de bir ilerlemeyi gerektirmez. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, birtak\u0131m hareketlerden ibarettir. \u0130\u015fte hepsi bu kadar.<\/p>\n

Roger Martin du Gard, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin daha a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir ba\u015fka Nobel de\u011ferlisi Albert Camus’y\u00fc k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlayan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi – ilk cildini 1922, son cildini de 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131t\u0131 Thibaultlar’da Antoin Thibault’ya s\u00f6yletmektedir: Bu \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc neden? E\u011fer kavranmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan yasalar\u0131n sonsuz bo\u015fluk i\u00e7inde ama\u00e7s\u0131z olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir damla \u00e7amurun \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan boynu b\u00fck\u00fck hayvanlarsak, bu ya\u015famda direnmenin anlam\u0131 ne?.. Bu yer yuvarla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabu\u011fu \u00fcst\u00fcnde, her g\u00fcn, milyonlarca varl\u0131k do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde, bir an g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc edip yar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131 gelince da\u011f\u0131lacak olan ba\u015fka milyonlara yerlerini b\u0131rakacaklard\u0131r. Bu pek k\u0131sa g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bir anlam\u0131 olabilir mi? Hay\u0131r, hayat\u0131n anlam\u0131 yoktur. Her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun, buna bir anlam bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla oyalananlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015flerinden kurtulmak bize, s\u00fckunun, g\u00fcc\u00fcn, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn o ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc duygusunu verebilir.<\/p>\n

XX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bile idealizmin vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmiyor: Ya\u015faman\u0131n anlam\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Tanr\u0131tan\u0131mazl\u0131k, hala bir kahramanl\u0131k, bir marifet say\u0131lmakta devam etmektedir. Roger Martin du Gard b\u00f6ylesine kahramanlardan biridir.<\/p>\n

Bilinci ve bilin\u00e7li insan\u0131 gere\u011fi gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmledi\u011fini sanan metafizik, \u015fimdi de bilin\u00e7alt\u0131na ya da bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131na el atacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc, bilgini ve sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn idealist ve metafizik kamp yanda\u015flar\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri ezen bask\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerini, gene metafizikte ve idealizmde aramak gibi bir \u00e7eli\u015fkiye d\u00fc\u015ferler. Comte, Mach, Avenarius, varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk, yeniolguculuk vb. metafizi\u011fin tam ortas\u0131nda oturduklar\u0131 halde metafizi\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir bak\u0131ma bu, onlar i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonu\u00e7tur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc metafizik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce y\u00f6ntemiyle ancak metafizi\u011fe ve idealizme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-felsefe-genel"],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Tarihi | \u00c7ocuklar \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck - Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2012\/08\/27\/dusunce-tarihi-cocuklar-icin-ozgurluk-orhan-hancerlioglu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Tarihi | \u00c7ocuklar \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck - Orhan Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc, bilgini ve sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn idealist ve metafizik kamp yanda\u015flar\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri ezen bask\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerini, gene metafizikte ve idealizmde aramak gibi bir \u00e7eli\u015fkiye d\u00fc\u015ferler. Comte, Mach, Avenarius, varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk, yeniolguculuk vb. metafizi\u011fin tam ortas\u0131nda oturduklar\u0131 halde metafizi\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 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