{"id":6904,"date":"2012-09-27T14:51:21","date_gmt":"2012-09-27T11:51:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2012\/09\/27\/yasam-bilgeligi-uzerine-aforizmalar-arthur-schopenhauer\/"},"modified":"2012-09-27T14:51:21","modified_gmt":"2012-09-27T11:51:21","slug":"yasam-bilgeligi-uzerine-aforizmalar-arthur-schopenhauer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2012\/09\/27\/yasam-bilgeligi-uzerine-aforizmalar-arthur-schopenhauer\/","title":{"rendered":"Ya\u015fam Bilgeli\u011fi \u00dczerine Aforizmalar | Arthur Schopenhauer"},"content":{"rendered":"![](\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Schopenhauer.jpg\/200px-Schopenhauer.jpg\")
..esas olarak \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn verir: Mevki h\u0131rs\u0131,kibir ve gurur. Son ikisi aras\u0131nda ki fark, gururun ki\u015finin kendi de\u011ferinin herhangi bir bak\u0131mdan \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda zaten sabit olan kan\u0131s\u0131na dayanmas\u0131d\u0131r; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kibir, ba\u015fkalar\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir kan\u0131y\u0131 uyand\u0131rma arzusudur, bu arzuya \u00e7o\u011fu kez bu kan\u0131 sonucunda, onu kendine de mal edebilme sessiz umudu e\u015flik eder.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re gurur, i\u00e7ten kaynaklan\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden kendi kendine dolays\u0131zca a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesidir; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kibir ise b\u00f6yle bir sayg\u0131ya d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan, yani dolayl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ula\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. Buna uygun olarak kibir geveze, gurur da suskun yapar.<\/p>\n
…Gururun en k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131,demek istiyorum ki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli, gururun zaten b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle sa\u011flam olmas\u0131 gereken ve onun \u00f6nko\u015fulunu olu\u015fturan kendine ili\u015fkin y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n alk\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanarak kurmak isteyen kibirdir.<\/p>\n
Ama kibirli ki\u015fi, elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne, s\u00f6yleyece\u011fi \u00e7ok g\u00fczel \u015feyler olsa bile \u0131srarla susma yoluyla, konu\u015fmaktan \u00e7ok daha kolay ve \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcvenli bir bi\u00e7imde ula\u015fabilece\u011fini bilmelidir. Her isteyen gururlu olamaz, olsa olsa gururluymu\u015f gibi yapabilir, ama \u00fcstlenilen her rolde oldu\u011fu gibi, bu rolden de k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sadece \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6nceliklere ve \u00f6zel de\u011fere ili\u015fkin sa\u011flam, i\u00e7sel, sars\u0131lmaz bir kan\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten gururlu k\u0131lar. Bu kan\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f olabilir ya da salt d\u0131\u015fsal ve bi\u00e7imsel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklere dayanabilir -bunun, ger\u00e7ekten ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde var oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, gurura bir zarar\u0131 dokunmaz. Gurur, k\u00f6t\u00fc kan\u0131da oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, t\u00fcm bilgiler gibi bizim keyfimize ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Gururun en k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131,demek istiyorum ki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli, gururun zaten b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle sa\u011flam olmas\u0131 gereken ve onun \u00f6nko\u015fulunu olu\u015fturan kendine ili\u015fkin y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n alk\u0131\u015f\u0131na dayanarak kurmak isteyen kibirdir.<\/p>\n
Gurur ne denli istisnas\u0131z bir bi\u00e7imde k\u0131nansa ve k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u00fcn\u00fc olsa da; tahmin ediyorum ki bu, gurur duyacaklar\u0131 bir \u015feyleri olmayan kimselerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Herhangi bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan kimse, elbette bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle unutulmamalar\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutar; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini iyi niyetle g\u00f6rmezden gelen kimse, bu insanlara kendi e\u015fitleriymi\u015fler gibi davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onlar da buna hemen, can\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fclden inanacaklard\u0131r. Ama en \u00e7ok, \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri en y\u00fcksek, yani ger\u00e7ek t\u00fcrden ve yal\u0131n ki\u015fisel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckler olan ki\u015filere, b\u00f6yle davranmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neririm; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckler, ni\u015fanlar ve r\u00fctbeler gibi her an duyusal etki yoluyla akla getirilemezler; yoksa yeterince s\u0131kl\u0131kta sus Minervam (Latince, domuz minerva\u2019ya ders veriyor, Minerva, zanaat tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r) \u00f6rne\u011fini ya\u015fayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir Arap atas\u00f6z\u00fc \u201ck\u00f6leyle \u015fakala\u015f\u0131rsan, sana k\u0131\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir\u201d der; Horatius\u2019un, \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015farak elde etti\u011fin gururuna sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsememeliyiz. Elbette, al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck erdemi serseriler i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir bir bulu\u015ftur; bu erdem sayesinde herkes kendisinden ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yleymi\u015f gibi s\u00f6z eder, bu erdem, sanki serseri diye birileri hi\u00e7 yokmu\u015f gibi, herkesi harika bir bi\u00e7imde e\u015fitler.<\/p>\n
..Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, gururun en kelepir t\u00fcr\u00fc ulusal gururdur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu gurur, kendisine kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131n, gurur duyabilece\u011fi bireysel \u00f6zelliklerinin yoklu\u011funu ele verir; yoksa milyonlarca ki\u015fiyle payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015feye ba\u015fvurmazd\u0131. \u00d6nemli ki\u015fisel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklere sahip olan bir kimse, daha \u00e7ok, s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in, kendi ulusunun hatalar\u0131n\u0131 en a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6recektir. D\u00fcnya da gurur duyabilece\u011fi hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi olmayan zavall\u0131 bir adam, son \u00e7areye, ait olmakla gurur duydu\u011fu ulusa uzat\u0131r elini; burada kendine gelir ve art\u0131k, \u015f\u00fckran i\u00e7inde, ulusa \u00f6zg\u00fc t\u00fcm hatalar\u0131 ve aptall\u0131klar\u0131 di\u015fiyle t\u0131rna\u011f\u0131yla savunmaya haz\u0131rd\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden yerinde bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmayla ulusunu ahmak ve al\u00e7alt\u0131c\u0131 yobazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edildi\u011finde, \u00f6rne\u011fin elli ingiliz i\u00e7inde en \u00e7ok bir tanesi bunu onaylayacakt\u0131r; i\u015fte bu ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir adamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
..ayr\u0131ca bireysellik milliyete b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u011f\u0131r basar ve s\u0131radan bir insanda, bireysellik milliyetten bin kat daha \u00e7ok dikkate al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak eder. Ulusal karakter, kitleden s\u00f6z etti\u011fi i\u00e7in, onda asla samimi bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fclecek \u00e7ok say\u0131da iyi y\u00f6n bulunmaz. \u0130nsani s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131k, kusurluluk ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck her \u00fclkede bir ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imde bulunur ve buna ulusal karakter denilir. Bir ulusal karakterden tiksindi\u011fimizde, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ayn\u0131 \u015fey gelene kadar, bir ba\u015fka ulusal karakteri \u00f6veriz. Her ulus \u00f6b\u00fcr ulusla alay eder ve hepsi de hakl\u0131d\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
“.. ate\u015fli bir bi\u00e7imde, “onur ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndedir” diye ba\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, asl\u0131nda bu, “Var olmak ve esenlik i\u00e7erisinde olmak bir hi\u00e7tir; as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131m\u0131zda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fckleridir” anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu s\u00f6z, olsa olsa insanlar aras\u0131nda yer alabilmemiz ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmemiz i\u00e7in, onurun \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir bi\u00e7imde gerekli oldu\u011fu so\u011fuk ger\u00e7e\u011finin bir abart\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7erli olabilir; bu konuya daha ileride geri d\u00f6nece\u011fim. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca, durmak bilmez bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla ve binlerce tehlike ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 alt\u0131nda, yorulmadan ula\u015fmaya \u00e7abalad\u0131klar\u0131 hemen hemen her \u015feyin son amac\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00f6ylelikle ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeki yerleri y\u00fckseltmek oldu\u011fu, yani yaln\u0131zca mevki, r\u00fctbe ve ni\u015fanlarla de\u011fil, tersine zenginlikle ve hatta bilimle ve sanatla bile temelde ve esas olarak bu amac\u0131 g\u00fctt\u00fckleri ve ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenilen as\u0131l hedefin ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmek oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse, bu durum ne yaz\u0131k ki insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck budalal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlar. <\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne haddinden fazla de\u011fer vermek, genel olarak etkili bir kuruntudur: ister k\u00f6kleri bizim do\u011fam\u0131zda bulunsun, isterse de toplumun ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olsun; her durumda bizim t\u00fcm yapt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z ve ettiklerimiz \u00fczerinde b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve mutlulu\u011fumuza d\u00fc\u015fman bir etkisi vard\u0131r; bu etkiyi “El alem ne der” sorusuna korkak\u00e7a ve k\u00f6lece dikkat etmekten, Virginius’un han\u00e7erinin, kendi k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kalbine sapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktaya kadar ya da insan\u0131n, \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrmesi u\u011fruna, huzurunu, zenginli\u011fini ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta ve hatta ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 feda etmeye y\u00f6neltti\u011fi noktaya kadar izleyebiliriz. Bu kuruntu insanlara h\u00fckmetmesi ya da onlar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmesi gereken kimseye rahat bir bahane sunar; bu y\u00fczden insan terbiyesi sanat\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcr\u00fcnde, onur duygusunu uyan\u0131k tutma ve keskinle\u015ftirme talimat\u0131 ba\u015fk\u00f6\u015feyi al\u0131r: Ama burada amac\u0131m\u0131z olan insan\u0131n kendi mutlulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan durum bamba\u015fkad\u0131r ve burada daha \u00e7ok ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne pek de\u011fer vermeme uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmak gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n
..\u0130\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 zengin bir insan, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmemeye, kendini ihmal etmemeye, dinginli\u011fe ve kendi ba\u015f\u0131na kalmaya y\u00f6nelecektir, yani sakin, al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ama olabildi\u011fince engellenmemi\u015f bir ya\u015fam arayacakt\u0131r ve buna g\u00f6re, s\u00f6z\u00fcmona insanlarla kimi tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klardan sonra, kendi k\u00f6\u015fesine \u00e7ekilmi\u015fli\u011fi ve hatta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kafaysa e\u011fer, yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7ecektir.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir kimse kendinde ne \u00e7ok \u015feye sahipse , d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan o denli az \u015feye gereksinir ve \u00f6tekiler de o denli az onun olabilirler. Bu y\u00fczden zihnin kendinde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, toplumdan uzak durmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar…<\/p>\n
..buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6teki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 u\u00e7taki kimse s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fer d\u00fc\u015fmez hemen oyalanmay\u0131 ve topluma kar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 isteyecektir ve her \u015feyle kolayl\u0131kla yetinecek, kendi kendisinden ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ka\u00e7mayacak onlardan. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc herkesin kendine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaln\u0131zl\u0131kta, bir kimsenin kendinde neye sahip oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar..<\/p>\n
..bu y\u00fczden Seneca’n\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00e7ok do\u011frudur: “Aptall\u0131k, kendi kendisinden b\u0131kmaktan mustariptir”<\/p>\n
..Bo\u015f zaman tam da Aristo’nun dedi\u011fi gibi “Cahillerin can s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r”. S\u0131radan insanlar sadece zaman\u0131 ge\u00e7irmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler; herhangi bir yetene\u011fi olan kimse ise ondan yararlanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr..<\/p>\n
“Herkesin i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya, \u00f6ncelikle kendi kendisini kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden kafalar\u0131n farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlenir: Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re yoksul,dar ve s\u0131\u011f ya da zengin, ilgin\u00e7 ya da anlam dolu olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin biri, ya\u015fam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ilgin\u00e7 olaylar \u00e7\u0131kan bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 bu y\u00fczden k\u0131skan\u0131rsa, onu daha \u00e7ok, bu olaylara onun betimleyi\u015fi i\u00e7inde sahip olduklar\u0131 \u00f6nemi kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan kavray\u0131\u015f yetisinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc k\u0131skanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir kafada b\u00f6yle ilgin\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ayn\u0131 olay, s\u0131\u011f bir kafan\u0131n s\u0131radanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kavrand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sadece g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n yavan bir sahnesi olacakt\u0131r.”<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fam Bilgeli\u011fi \u00dczerine Aforizmalar | Arthur Schopenhauer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
..esas olarak \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn verir: Mevki h\u0131rs\u0131,kibir ve gurur. Son ikisi aras\u0131nda ki fark, gururun ki\u015finin kendi de\u011ferinin herhangi bir bak\u0131mdan \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda zaten sabit olan kan\u0131s\u0131na dayanmas\u0131d\u0131r; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kibir, ba\u015fkalar\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir kan\u0131y\u0131 uyand\u0131rma arzusudur, bu arzuya \u00e7o\u011fu kez bu kan\u0131 sonucunda, onu kendine de mal edebilme sessiz umudu e\u015flik eder. Buna g\u00f6re […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6904","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-felsefe-genel"},"yoast_head":"\n
Ya\u015fam Bilgeli\u011fi \u00dczerine Aforizmalar | Arthur Schopenhauer - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2012\/09\/27\/yasam-bilgeligi-uzerine-aforizmalar-arthur-schopenhauer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ya\u015fam Bilgeli\u011fi \u00dczerine Aforizmalar | Arthur Schopenhauer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"..esas olarak \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn verir: Mevki h\u0131rs\u0131,kibir ve gurur. 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