{"id":6956,"date":"2018-08-01T12:59:25","date_gmt":"2018-08-01T09:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/2018\/08\/01\/insan-degerleri-icinde-cinsiyetin-yeri-bertrand-russell\/"},"modified":"2018-08-01T12:59:25","modified_gmt":"2018-08-01T09:59:25","slug":"insan-degerleri-icinde-cinsiyetin-yeri-bertrand-russell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2018\/08\/01\/insan-degerleri-icinde-cinsiyetin-yeri-bertrand-russell\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan De\u011ferleri \u0130\u00e7inde Cinsiyetin Yeri | Bertrand Russell"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cinsel konulara ilgi duyan bir yazar b\u00f6ylesi konular\u0131n irdelenmemesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7lan\u0131p bunlar taraf\u0131ndan tedirgin edilme tehlikesiyle her zaman kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir. Konuya olan ilgisi, konunun \u00f6nemiyle t\u00fcmden orans\u0131z olursa a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tutucu ve \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc ki\u015filerin sans\u00fcr\u00fcne u\u011frama tehlikesinden kurtulabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f gene de sadece geleneksel ethikde de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi savunanlarca dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Orospular\u0131n rahat b\u0131rak\u0131l\u00admamas\u0131 i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fanlar ve yasalara sahip \u00e7\u0131kanlar g\u00f6r\u00fbn\u00fc\u015f de Beyaz Kad\u0131n Ticaretine kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131rlar, fakat asl\u0131nda bunlar istiyerek ve bilerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkilere kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131d\u0131rlar. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n k\u0131sa etek giyip, dudaklar\u0131n\u0131 boyamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n ve plajlarda a\u00e7\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131k mayolar g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcm umuduyla dolananlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birisi cinsel saplant\u0131lar\u0131n kurbanlar\u0131 de\u011fillerdir. Ama bunlar daha fazla cinsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunan yazarlardan daha \u00e7ok ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Kat\u0131 ahlak genellikle \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bir tepkidir. Ve bunlar\u0131 dile getiren ki\u015filer de bu edepsiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle doludurlar. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler cinsel i\u00e7erik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ahlak\u0131n ki\u015fileri a\u00e7\u0131k ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bu konuda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi olanaks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in terbiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Ben cinsel konulara kafay\u0131 takman\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kiliseyle ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fteyim, ama bu k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckle m\u00fccadelede uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerde kiliseyle birle\u015fmiyorum. St. Anthony d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc ki\u015fiden \u00e7ok daha fazla kafay\u0131 sekse takmas\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kimseyi dar\u0131ltmamak i\u00e7in bu g\u00fcnlerden \u00f6rnek vermiyorum. Seks yemek, i\u00e7mek gibi do\u011fal bir gereksinimdir. Oburlarla ayya\u015flar\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131z \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ya\u015famda belli yeri olan herhangi bir ilgi ki\u015finin duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yeri tutar.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131nda yedi\u011fi mant\u0131k dahilindeki bir miktar yemekten duyulacak hazdan dolay\u0131 kimse su\u00e7lanamaz. \u00c7ilecilerin b\u00f6yle davrand\u0131klar\u0131 ger\u00e7ektir ve insanlar\u0131n yeme i\u00e7melerini ancak ya\u015famalar\u0131na yetebilecek d\u00fczeye indirmelerini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde eskisi gibi yayg\u0131n de\u011fildir hatta unutulmu\u015ftur. Seksin hazz\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak istiyen Puritanlar sofra zevklerine kendilerinden \u00f6ncekilerden daha fazla dalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Puritanizmi ele\u015ftirenler \u015f\u00f6yle demektedirler:<\/p>\n

\u00abKeyifli geceler ve nefis yemekler mi istiyorsun?<\/p>\n

Sofraya azizlerle otur, g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlarla gir yata\u011fa.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Puritanlar\u0131n insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n bedensel yan\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bast\u0131rmakta ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131klarm\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir bu durum. Seksten esirgediklerini bo\u011fazlar\u0131na vermektedirler. Oburluk katolik kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan yedi \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl g\u00fcnahtan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Dante oburlar\u0131 cehennemin en dibine atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama bir yan\u0131yla da mu\u011flak bir g\u00fcnaht\u0131r oburluk, zira hangi noktaya kadar yemenin hak oldu\u011funu ve su\u00e7un hangi noktadan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek zordur. Besleyici olmayan bir \u015fey yemek g\u00fcnah m\u0131d\u0131r? O halde yedi\u011fimiz her tuzlu bademle boyumuzca g\u00fcnaha batmaktay\u0131z. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler bug\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Obur birisini g\u00f6r\u00fcr g\u00f6rmez tan\u0131r, onu pek sevimli bulmay\u0131z ama g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r olmakla pek az su\u00e7lar\u0131z. Buna ra\u011fmen yoksullu\u011fun ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyenler aras\u0131nda yeme\u011fe kafas\u0131n\u0131 takana \u00e7ok az rastlan\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi iki yemek aras\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u015feyler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler. \u00c7ilec\u0131 felsefeye ba\u011flananlar kendilerini yiyebilecekleri en az yeme\u011fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her\u015feyden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131rlar, d\u00fc\u015flerindeyse ziyafet sofralar\u0131, t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc yemi\u015fler g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Balina ya\u011f\u0131 rejimi yapmak zorunda kalan Antartika k\u00e2\u015fifleri Carlton\u2019da yiyecekleri ak\u015fam yeme\u011finin planlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmakla ge\u00e7irirler g\u00fcnlerini.<\/p>\n

Bu ger\u00e7ekler g\u00f6stermektedir ki e\u011fer cinsiyetin bir sap\u00adlant\u0131 olmas\u0131 istenmiyorsa ona Thebai rahiplerinin yiyece\u011fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi de\u011fil ahlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yiyece\u011fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bakmak gereklidir. Seks yemek i\u00e7mek gibi do\u011fal insan gereksinimlerinden biridir. \u0130nsano\u011flunun yemeden i\u00e7meden ya\u015fayam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 ama seks yapmadan ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ektir. Ama psikolojik olarak sekse duyulan istek, yeme\u011fe i\u00e7meye olan iste\u011fin tepkisidir. Bu istek kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcr, kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise bir s\u00fcre yat\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130stek dayan\u0131lmaz hale geldi\u011finde insan\u0131n kafas\u0131nda cinsiyet d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya silinir. O anda d\u0131\u015fta kalan t\u00fcm ilgiler yok olur ve daha sonra su\u00e7luluk duyulacak olan o andaki hareketlere delilik g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun da \u00f6tesinde istek t\u0131pk\u0131 yemek ve i\u00e7mekte oldu\u011fu gibi, konulan yasaklarla daha da kabar\u0131r. Kahvalt\u0131da \u00f6nlerine konulan olgun elmalar\u0131 yemeyip bah\u00e7eden ham elmalar\u0131 \u00e7alan \u00e7ocuklar tan\u0131r\u0131m. Amerika\u2019da hali vakti yerinde olanlar aras\u0131ndaki i\u00e7ki d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden \u00e7ok daha yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu yads\u0131yacak hi\u00e7 kimse yoktur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, H\u0131ristiyan \u00f6\u011fretisi ve H\u0131ristiyan oteritesi cinsiyete olan ilgiyi kam\u00e7\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geleneksel \u00f6\u011fretinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan ilk ku\u015fak, cinsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sorununda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bo\u015f inan\u00e7lar\u0131n olumlu ya da olumsuz etkisinde kalmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerden \u00e7ok daha ileri giderler. Seks konusundaki saplant\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey engelleyemez. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckte bu etkisini cinsel sorunlara ak\u0131ll\u0131ca yakla\u015fan bir e\u011fitimle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fip ola\u011fan bir hale gelmedik\u00e7e bunu ba\u015faramaz. Gene de gereksiz yere seksle u\u011fra\u015fman\u0131n bela getirece\u011fini bir kez daha tekrarlamak istiyorum. Ama bu bela \u00f6zellikle Amerika\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinin yanl\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131na inanmaya haz\u0131r kat\u0131 ahlak\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda bir hayli yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ufuklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi istekleriyle ya doygunluk ya da inzivadan yana s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oburlar, \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnleri ve \u00e7ileciler kendi i\u00e7lerine kapal\u0131 ki\u015filerdir. Akl\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerinde hi\u00e7 kimse ilgi alan\u0131n\u0131n merkezi kendi kendini yapmaz. F\u0131r\u00addolay\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131p kendisine ilgisini \u00e7ekecek nesneler bulur. \u0130\u00e7ed\u00f6n\u00fckl\u00fck baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sard\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ahlak d\u0131\u015f\u0131 insanlar\u0131n do\u011fal yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu hemen her zaman do\u011fal i\u00e7tepilere direnmeden kaynaklanan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 yiyecek istif eden ki\u015finin bir zamanlar yoksulluk \u00e7ekmi\u015f ya da a\u00e7 kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc da cinsel haz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00adcesinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine oturmu\u015f bir t\u00fcr yoksunluktur. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, d\u0131\u015fad\u00f6n\u00fck erkek ve kad\u0131nlar do\u011fal i\u00e7tepilere direnilerek sa\u011flanamaz, aksine i\u00e7tepilerin e\u015fit ve dengeli geli\u015fmesi mutlu ya\u015fam i\u00e7in temeldir.<\/p>\n

Cinsiyete bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda, yemek yeme\u011fe bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdan daha fazla ahlakilik ve kendi kendini s\u0131n\u0131rlama olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Yeme\u011fe bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 vard\u0131r, bunlar, yasa\u00adlar, ko\u015fullar ve sa\u011fl\u0131kt\u0131r. Yiyecek \u00e7almay\u0131, ortak sofrada pa\u00ady\u0131m\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fenden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 almay\u0131 ve bizi hasta edecek kadar \u00e7ok yemeyi yanl\u0131\u015f buluruz. Cinsiyet s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fun\u00adda benzer s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar temel al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r, fakat getirilen bu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00f6zdenetim gerektirir. Ayr\u0131ca herhangi bir insan bir di\u011ferinin mal\u0131 olam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ko\u015fut d\u00fc\u015fen edim zina de\u011fil zorla \u0131rza ge\u00e7medir ki yasalarca kesinlikle yasaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin do\u011fan sorun fahi\u015felerden s\u00f6z ederken de\u011findi\u011fimiz z\u00fchrevi hastal\u0131k kapmakla ili\u015fkindir. Asl\u0131nda ilac\u0131 bir yana koyarsak, bu beladan kurtulman\u0131n en iyi yolu meslekten orospular\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmakt\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece yar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckleri olacak olan gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesinde bu azaltman\u0131n olumlu katk\u0131s\u0131 ola\u00adcakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kapsaml\u0131 bir cinsel ethik sekse sadece do\u011fal bir a\u00e7l\u0131k ve tehlike kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak bakmaz. Bunlar\u0131n her ikisi de \u00f6nemlidir ama cinsiyetin insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcce yanlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu unutmamak, \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlidir. Bu y\u00fcce yanlardan \u00f6nde gelen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc, duygusal a\u015fk, evlilikte mutluluk ve sanatt\u0131r. Sanat\u0131n cinsiyetten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fey oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin sav\u0131n savunucular\u0131 bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnk\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha azd\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortadad\u0131r ki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc estetik yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik i\u00e7tepi psikolojik olarak kar\u015f\u0131 cinse duyulan iste\u011fi belirtmeye ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun do\u011frudan ve apa\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/p>\n

Cinsel tepinin sanatsal ifadelere yol a\u00e7abilmesi i\u00e7in bir dolu ko\u015ful gereklidir. Bir kere sanatsal yetene\u011fin olmas\u0131 gereklidir ama sanatsal yetenek veri bir \u0131rkta bile bazen nadir bazen yayg\u0131n olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fu\u015ftan var olan yetene\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131t bir \u00e7evre, sanatsal tepinin geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynar. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn belli t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sa\u00adnat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcllendiren de\u011fil sanat\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 estetik anlay\u0131\u015f ve zevkten yoksun bir ki\u015fi haline getiren al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar kazand\u0131ran zorlama ve y\u00f6nlendirmelerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckt\u00fcr. II. Julius, Michelangelo\u2019ya bask\u0131 yaparken s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n gereksindi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckle hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fm\u0131yordu. Michelangelo\u2019yu \u00f6nemli ki\u015fi olarak kabul etti\u011fi i\u00e7in ona m\u00fcdahale ediyor, derecesi Papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda olan herhangi bir yerden ona y\u00f6nelik hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa izin vermiyordu. Gene de sanat\u00e7\u0131 zengin patron ya da kent y\u00f6neticilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bel k\u0131rmaya zorlan\u0131p onlar\u0131n estetik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerine uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, sanat\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yiter. Benzer bi\u00e7imde e\u011fer sanat\u00e7\u0131 toplumsal ve ekonomik korkularla \u00e7ekilmez hale gelen evlili\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye zorlan\u0131rsa sanat\u00e7\u0131 yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gereksindi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7 yok olur. Geleneksel olarak iffete d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn top\u00adlumlar geli\u015fkin bir sanat olay\u0131 \u00fcretemezler. \u0130nsanlar \u0130daho\u2019 da oldu\u011fu gibi k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurlar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Amerika sanatsal de\u011ferlerini Avrupa\u2019dan ithal etmektedir ama bu arada Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Amerikal\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 daha hen\u00fcz \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinden dolay\u0131 zencilere y\u00f6nelmeyi zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sanat\u0131n en son yurdu Yukar\u0131 Kongo dolaylar\u0131nda bir yer, buras\u0131 da olmazsa Tibet\u2019in yukarlan olacak gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Fakat Amerika\u2019da yabanc\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde sanatsal yokolu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131yan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz \u00f6d\u00fcllendirme de nihai t\u00fckeni\u015fi daha fazla erteleyemiyecektir. Sanat\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015faman\u0131n tad\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yayg\u0131n bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Ya\u015faman\u0131n tad\u0131 olmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda cinsiyete ili\u015fkin belli bir kendili\u011findenli\u011fe dayanmas\u0131ndan gelmektedir. Cinsiyetin bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu yer\u00adlerde geriye sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak kalmaktad\u0131r ve sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u00admak a\u015fk\u0131na evliya gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, ortaya de\u011feri olan hi\u00e7bir i\u015f \u00e7\u0131kartmaz. Tabii ki binlerinin Amerika\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen cinsel eylemlerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck istatistiki s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131 yapmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmiyorum, bu eylemlerin ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen tutar\u0131 t\u00fcm di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden \u00e7ok daha fazla olabilir. Durumun ger\u00e7ekten de b\u00f6yle olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorum ve bunu hi\u00e7bir \u015fekijde de yads\u0131maktan yana de\u011filim. Geleneksel ahlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck hatalar\u0131ndan biri de daha kolayca h\u0131rpalayabilmek i\u00e7in cinsiyeti, cinsel eyleme indirgemeleridir. E\u011fer eyleme y\u00f6nelten i\u00e7tepi duyulursa, kur yapma, sevme ve arkada\u015fl\u0131k ye\u015ferir. Bu doygunluk olmadan her an \u015fahlanmaya haz\u0131r bir bedensel a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusuyken, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve derin bir doygunluk elde etmek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n gereksindikleri cinsel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck herhangi bir kad\u0131nla bedensel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131lama de\u011fil sevebilme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr ve her\u015feyden \u00f6nce bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gelenek\u00e7i ahlak \u00e7\u0131larca kabul edilebilecek bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. E\u011fer d\u00fcnya Amerikal\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra sanat yeniden canlanacaksa Amerika\u2019n\u0131n da de\u011fi\u015fmesi zorunludur. Amerikal\u0131 ahlak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131nsa daha az ahlaks\u0131z olmalar\u0131 k\u0131saca her ikisinin de cinsiyete daha fazla de\u011fer verip, ne\u015feli olmay\u0131 banka hesab\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne koymalar\u0131 gerekecektir. Amerika\u2019y\u0131 dola\u015fan birisine ne\u015fe eksikli\u011fi kadar hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ac\u0131 veremez. Mutluluk, o an\u0131 unutturan i\u00e7ki alemleri ve kendi kendinden ge\u00e7medir. Balkanlar\u2019 da ya da Polonya\u2019da her \u00e7alg\u0131 sesiyle dansa kalkanlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 bug\u00fcn, sandalyelerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi oturup, b\u00fc\u00ady\u00fck bir ciddiyet, \u00f6nem ve duyars\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde daktilo yaz\u0131p, telefonlara cevap vermektedirler. Ak\u015famlar\u0131 i\u00e7kiye ve farkl\u0131 bir g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye s\u0131\u011f\u0131narak mutlulu\u011fu yakalad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sanmaktad\u0131rlar. Oysa sadece insano\u011flunun bedenine hizmet edip ruhunu k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmekte kullan\u0131lan paran\u0131n kazan\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a kendini yeniden do\u011furu\u015funun umutsuz ayn\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca ama k\u0131r\u0131k d\u00f6k\u00fck bir kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k bulmaktalar.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan ya\u015fam\u0131nda m\u00fckemmel ne varsa t\u00fcm\u00fc cinsiyete ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r demek istemiyorum. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6yle bir\u015feye de inanmamaktay\u0131m. Ben ne pratik ne kuramsal olarak bilimi ne de \u00f6nemli toplumsal ve siyasal etkinlikleri cinsiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmemekteyim. Yeti\u015fkinlerin ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k isteklere yol a\u00e7an i\u00e7tepiler birka\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplanabilir. Kendilerini korumak i\u00e7in gerekli olan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iktidar, cinsiyet ve ana-babal\u0131k insan ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok derin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nabilir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc i\u00e7inde iktidar ilk ba\u015flayan ve en son bitendir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken iktidar g\u00fcc\u00fcne \u00e7ok az sahip olan \u00e7ocuk daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 edinme pe\u015finde ko\u015far. Faaliyetlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc asl\u0131nda bu istekden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer belirleyici istek de el \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutulmakt\u0131r \u2014 \u00f6v\u00fclme arzusu ve terk edilme ya da su\u00e7lanma korkusu \u2014. Onu toplumsal ki\u015fi yapan ve ona toplum i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak i\u00e7in erdemli olma gereklili\u011fini a\u015f\u0131layan bu gururdur. Her ne kadar kuramsal olarak ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsa da gurur cinsiyetle s\u0131k\u0131ca kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen iktidar tutkusunun cinsiyetle \u00e7ok az ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fu derslerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rt\u0131p, v\u00fccudunu geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abalamaya iten, gurur kadar iktidar tutkusudur da. Bana g\u00f6re ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve bilgi pe\u015finde ko\u015fmaya iktidar tutkusunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re biyolojinin bir ka\u00e7 dal\u0131 ve psikoloji d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bilmin cinsel duy\u00adgular\u0131n etki alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. \u0130mparator II. Frederick art\u0131k ya\u015famad\u0131g\u0131na g\u00f6re bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ister istemez bir varsay\u0131m olarak kalacakt\u0131r. E\u011fer bug\u00fcn hayatta olsayd\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz se\u00e7kin bir matamatik\u00e7iyi ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir besteciyi i\u011fdi\u015f ederek bunun onlar\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6zlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bence bu i\u015flem matamatik\u00e7ide hi\u00e7bir iz b\u0131rakmaz ama bestecinin \u00fczerinde ciddi etkisi ola\u00adcakt\u0131r. Bilgi pe\u015finde ko\u015fmay\u0131 insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6\u011felerinden biri olarak ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, e\u011fer yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsak, son derece \u00f6nemli bir faaliyet alan\u0131 cinsiyetin egemenli\u011finin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda demektir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda iktidar, kelimenin geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla, bir\u00e7ok siyasal faaliyetin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet adam\u0131n\u0131n kamunun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek istemiyorum, tam tersine onda ana-babal\u0131k duygusunun son derece geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda onda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iktidar tutkusu yoksa siyasal giri\u015fimlerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6steremez. Devlet i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015fan tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir dolu \u00fcst\u00fcn zekal\u0131 ki\u015fi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131rsl\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrece ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekte pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Abraham Lincoln olduk\u00e7a zor ko\u015fullarda kendisine direnen iki inat\u00e7\u0131 senat\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmaya \u00abBen ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131y\u0131m ve b\u00fcy\u00fck yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131m,\u00bb diye ba\u015flay\u0131p ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zlerle bitirmi\u015ftir. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi dile getirirken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 taddan ku\u015fku duymak imkans\u0131z. \u0130yi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc t\u00fcm siyasetlerde ekonomik g\u00fcd\u00fcyle iktidar sevdas\u0131 iki ana g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Bence siyaseti Freud\u2019un ilkeleriyle a\u00e7\u0131klama e\u011filimi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer s\u00f6ylediklerimiz ger\u00e7ekse, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck adam \u00f6nemli faaliyetlerini cinsiyetle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olm\u0131yan bir g\u00fcd\u00fcyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. E\u011fer bu faaliyetler kazand\u0131klar\u0131 sayg\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7inde s\u00fcregeleceklerse cinsiyetin insan\u0131n geri kalan duygusal ve co\u015fkulu d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 karartmamas\u0131 gereklidir. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 kavramak ve onu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ilerlemenin iki b\u00fcy\u00fck motorudur ve bunlar olmadan bir toplum oldu\u011fu yerde sayar ya da gerisin geriye s\u00fcr\u00fcklenir. T\u00fcm\u00fcyle m\u00fckemmelle\u015fmi\u015f bir mutluluk da bilimsel ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7tepileri zay\u0131flat\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok insan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan soyut i\u015flere s\u0131vanarak kurtulmak istemektedir. Yeterli g\u00fcc\u00fc olan bir adam i\u00e7in ac\u0131, de\u011ferli bir uyar\u0131c\u0131 olabilir ve bence e\u011fer tam anlam\u0131yla mutlu oldu\u011fumuzda, daha fazla mutlu olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcamay\u0131z. Bu arada birilerinin insanlar\u0131 verimli k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in onlara ac\u0131 vermeyi i\u015f edinmelerini onaylamamaktay\u0131m. Ac\u0131 insanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 99\u2019unu t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ezer ge\u00e7er. Y\u00fczde birindeyse insanl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131n miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal \u015foklara inanmak gerekmektedir, \u00f6l\u00fcm var olduk\u00e7a keder de var olacakt\u0131r. Ve keder var olduk\u00e7a insano\u011flunun i\u015fi, bunu nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fini bilen pek az hevesliye ra\u011fmen kederi \u00e7o\u011faltmak de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Evlilik ve Ahlak | Bertrand Russell<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cinsel konulara ilgi duyan bir yazar b\u00f6ylesi konular\u0131n irdelenmemesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7lan\u0131p bunlar taraf\u0131ndan tedirgin edilme tehlikesiyle her zaman kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir. Konuya olan ilgisi, konunun \u00f6nemiyle t\u00fcmden orans\u0131z olursa a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tutucu ve \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc ki\u015filerin sans\u00fcr\u00fcne u\u011frama tehlikesinden kurtulabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f gene de sadece geleneksel ethikde de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi savunanlarca dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Orospular\u0131n rahat b\u0131rak\u0131l\u00admamas\u0131 i\u00e7in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-6956","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-psikoloji"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130nsan De\u011ferleri \u0130\u00e7inde Cinsiyetin Yeri | Bertrand Russell - narteks.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/narteks.net\/index.php\/2018\/08\/01\/insan-degerleri-icinde-cinsiyetin-yeri-bertrand-russell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130nsan De\u011ferleri \u0130\u00e7inde Cinsiyetin Yeri | Bertrand Russell\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cinsel konulara ilgi duyan bir yazar b\u00f6ylesi konular\u0131n irdelenmemesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7lan\u0131p bunlar taraf\u0131ndan tedirgin edilme tehlikesiyle her zaman kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilir. Konuya olan ilgisi, konunun \u00f6nemiyle t\u00fcmden orans\u0131z olursa a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tutucu ve \u015fehvet d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc ki\u015filerin sans\u00fcr\u00fcne u\u011frama tehlikesinden kurtulabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f gene de sadece geleneksel ethikde de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi savunanlarca dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. 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